INDEX

Actual Mating Envelope, 11

Actual Minimum Material Envelope, 11
All Around, 149
ALL OVER, 157, 158,363
Allowed vs. actual deviations from true position, 82
Angularity, 136
axis, 140
line elements, 139
surface, 136
tangent plane, 138
Angular orientation, 510, 511, 513, 521, 524, 528, 533, 534
Angular units, 16
Average dimensions, 119

Basic Dimension, 15, 16, 45, 46

Basic or BSC Spelled Out in a Feature Control Frame, 250
Bi-directional tolerancing, 378 through 380
Bonus tolerance, 78 through 89, 535
Boundaries, 50
Boundary vs. tolerance zone, 88

Calculating tolerances, 9,
Centerplane controls, 135, 264 through 278, 336
Chain lines, 322, 292
Circularity, 113
Coaxiality, comparison of controls, 42, 189, 193, 195, 208, 210 through 214
Components of a feature control frame, 26 through 28
Composite tolerancing,
position, 381 through 405
profile, 168
profile of patterns, 176
Composite vs. two single segment controls,
position, 398 through 414
profile, 173 through 176
Compound datum features, 197, 199, 200, 345
Concentricity, 208
Conicity, 187 through 190
Continuous Feature of Size, 177, 202
Converting from plus and minus to geometric tol., 58 through 74, 383 through 390
Coplanarity, 177 through 183
Coplanarity and locating offset surfaces, 184
Cylindricity, 109

Datum feature symbol, 21

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Index

Datum target symbol, 322

Datums, 21
angular orientation, 510, 511, 513, 521, 524, 528, 533, 534
centerplanes, 135, 264 through 278, 336
compound, 197, 199, 200, 345
conical, 239
curved datum features, 238
degrees of freedom, 223, 227, 243
equalizing, 329
feature of size requirements, 347
features, 20
feature shift, 89, 142, 289, 303
feature simulators (Physical and Imaginary), 30 through 34
feature symbols, 21
inclined, 241
in-process, 354
moveable datum targets, 333
multiple datum reference frame degrees of freedom specification, 245
oddly configured, 238, 374
partial, 322, 426
pattern, 240, 339
pattern shift, 89, 142, 289, 303
precedence effect, 237
rockers, 232 through 237
secondary/tertiary datum features of size (holes), 514 through 516, 519 through 525
selection of, 8, 9, 219
shift, 89, 142 through 145, 289, 303
targets, 322 through 335
temporary, 354
translation symbol, 249
valid datum plane, 232 through 237
when datums may and may not be used, 2
Definitions, 539
Degrees of spatial freedom, 223, 227, 243, 245
Differential measurements, 98, 107, 209
Dimension origin symbol, 180
Direct vs. indirect tolerancing, 306 through 310

Envelopes of perfect form, 8, 37 through 42

Envelopes of perfect orientation at MMC, 336, 337, 513, 514, 517 through 519, 525

Feature control frames,

components, 2, 21 through 28
reading, 28, 75, 133, 284, 286
Feature of Size (Regular), 8
Feature of Size (Irregular), 8, 258 through 261

569
 Index

Fixed and floating fastener assembly formulas, 9, 283, 298, 531

Fixed fastener assembly tolerance formulas, 9, 283, 531
Fixed fastener assembly conditions, 265 through 278, 280 through 293
Fixtures, 32, 33, 352, 359 through 362 (also see Gages in Chapter 22)

Flatness, 95
rate basis, 97
derived median plane, 12, 98
Flexible parts, 322, 352
Floating fastener assembly conditions, 298
Floating fastener assembly tolerance formula, 9, 298
Food chains of Symbology, 6, 7
Form, 93
Formulas, 9
Free state variation, 353, 355 through 359
Functional gages, 76, 423 through 435

Gages, 423 through 435

functional, 31, 426 through 435
GO, 40, 423 through 425
NOGO, 426
tolerancing, 423 through 435
Gears, 530 through 536
General Rules, 15
Geometric characteristic symbols, 2
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing as a language, 508 through 525, 530 through 536
GO gages, 22-2

Independency Symbol and Principle, 38

Irregular Feature of Size, 8, 258 through 261
Inspection Planning, 436 through 441

Least Material Condition, 8, 48,

Least Material Boundary, 10,
Least Squares Center, 125, 126
Limit dimensioning, 16, 18, 19

Maximum Material Boundary, 10

Material conditions, 45
least, 8, 48
maximum, 8, 49
regardless of feature size, 8, 45
when they can and can’t be used, 2
Material Boundaries, 10
Mating Envelope, 124, 125, 135

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Index

Maximum material condition, 8

Minimum wall thickness calculations, 301, 391 through 395, 493 through 501

Orientation, 120
Orientation of centerplanes, 135

Parallelism, 122 through 128

Pattern datums, 240, 259, 260, 339
Pattern shift, 89, 142 through 145, 289, 290, 303
Perpendicularity,
axis, 132, 133
centerplane, 135
surface, 129, 130, 131, 134
Planar Datum Features Referenced at MMB, 253, 255, 256
Position,
bi-directional, 378 through 380
boundaries, 367 through 377
coaxiality, 42, 189, 193, 195, 208, 210 through 214
composite, 386 through 414
composite positional tolerancing vs. two single segments, 398 through 414
odd configurations, 373 through 375
symmetry, 215, 216
Principle of Independency, 38
Profile of a line, 160 through 162
Profile of a surface, 147 through 159, 163 through 172,
Profile of a surface for mating features, 163 through 167
Profile of a surface-Composite Tolerancing, 168 through 172
Profile of a Surface- Composite vs. Two Single Segments, 173 through 176
Projected tolerance zones, 274, 286 through 289

Radii, 17
Reading a feature control frame, 28
Regardless of Feature Size Rule, 10
Regardless of Material Boundary, 10
Repetitive Patterns, 263
Restrained state, 355 through 358
Resultant Condition, 9
Root Sum Square formula, 17, 451 through 457, 475, 477
Roundness, 113
Rules, 8, 15
Rule #1,37
Rule #1 exceptions, 38
Runout,
circular, 192
total, 195
Runout vs. perpendicularity, 203 through 206

571
 Index

Separate requirements, 499, 500, 519, 523

Sheet metal, 327, 328, 353, 356 through 365
Simultaneous requirements, 28, 523, 538
Size, 8, 37, 38
Spherical diameters, 118, 335, 337
Splines, 536
Spotface Symbol, 5
Statistical formulas, Symbology and terminology, 451 through 480
Statistical tolerancing, 451 through 465
Straightness,
derived median line, 104 through 108
surface, 100
Surface vs. axis verification, 88
Symbols, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Symbols-how they relate to each other, summary of their meaning, 6, 7, 42, 210 through 214
Symmetry, 215, 216

Table,
actual deviations from true position, 84, 85
Tangent plane, 126, 138
Taylor principle, 8
Temperature, 18
Temporary datum features, 354
Threaded features, 274, 286 through 289, 536
Tolerances, 13
Tolerance sequence application, 26, 27, 28, 60 through 74, 265 through 278, 280 through 291
Tolerance Stack-Up Analysis, 443 through 450, 482 through 492
Tolerance Zone vs. Boundary verification, 88
Translation Symbol, 248, 249
Types of controls, 13
Two single segment position, 398 through 414

Valid datum plane establishment, 232 through 236

Verification of position tolerances, 78 through 89
Virtual conditions, 9, 31, 45 through 57

Wall thickness calculations, 301, 391 through 395, 493 through 501
Why use GD&T, 381
Writing an Inspection Plan, 436 through 441

Zero tolerancing at MMC, 535

572
 Bibliography
ASME Y14.5-2009 Dimensioning and Tolerancing, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers,
New York, New York.

ASME Y14.5M-1994 Dimensioning and Tolerancing, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers,
New York, New York.
ASME Y14.5.1M-1994 Mathematical Definition of Dimensioning and Tolerancing Principles, The
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, New York.

ASME Y14.43-2003 Dimensioning and Tolerancing Principles for Gages and Fixtures, The American
Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, New York.
ASME Y14.41-2003 Digital Product Definition Data Practices, The American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, New York, New York.

German Democratic Standard TGL39-097 (1986). Methods of Measuring Deviations from Cylindricity,
Germany.
ISO 1101:2004(E) Geometrical Tolerancing-Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out.
International Organization of Standards.
ASME Y14.8-1996 Castings and Forgings. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York,
New York.

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing, Applications and Techniques for Use in Design,
Manufacturing, and Inspection by James D, Meadows published in 1995 by Marcel Dekker, Inc., New
York, New York.
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing Workbook/Answerbook by James D. Meadows published in
1997 by Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, New York.

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing in 2007 by James D. Meadows published in 2007 by James D.
Meadows & Associates, Inc., Hendersonville, TN.
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing in 2007 Workbook and Answerbook by James D. Meadows
published in 2007 by James D. Meadows & Associates, Inc., Hendersonville, TN.

Tolerance Stack-Up Analysis for Plus and Minus Tolerancing and Geometric Dimensioning and
Tolerancing by James D. Meadows published in 2001 by James D. Meadows & Associates, Inc.
Measurement of Geometric Tolerances in Manufacturing by James D. Meadows published in 1998 by
Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, New York.
Differences and Similarities between ASME and ISO Dimensioning and Tolerancing Standards by James
D. Meadows published in 2006 by James D. Meadows & Associates, Inc.

DataMyte Handbook a practical guide to computerized data collection for Statistical Process Control by
DataMyte Business Allen-Bradley Company, Inc.

Statistical Tolerancing, A Solution to Procurement Problems-US Army Tank Command.

573
 Other GD&T Course Materials Written
by James D. Meadows

Topics covered:
•GD&T

•Tolerance Stack-Up Analysis

•DVD GD&T Training Series

•Measurement

•ASME vs. ISO

574
Other GD&T Course Materials

575