Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
(Identical with ASTM Specification A 372/A 372M-95, except for the additional requirements in 5.3.) A99
Current Formerly
Grade A Type I
Grade B Type II 2. Referenced Documents
Grade C Type III
Grade D Type IV 2.1 ASTM Standards:
Grade E Class 55 Type V Grade 1 Class 55 A 275/A 275M Test Method for Magnetic Particle Exami-
Grade E Class 65 Type V Grade 1 Class 65 nation of Steel Forgings
Grade E Class 70 Type V Grade 1 Class 70 A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Test-
Grade F Class 55 Type V Grade 2 Class 55
ing of Steel Products
Grade F Class 65 Type V Grade 2 Class 65
Grade F Class 70 Type V Grade 2 Class 70 A 388/A 388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of
Grade G Class 55 Type V Grade 3 Class 55 Heavy Steel Forgings
Grade G Class 65 Type V Grade 3 Class 65 A 530/A 530M Specification for General Requirements
Grade G Class 70 Type V Grade 3 Class 70 for Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe
Grade H Class 55 Type V Grade 4 Class 55
A 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require-
Grade H Class 65 Type V Grade 4 Class 65
Grade H Class 70 Type V Grade 4 Class 70 ments
Grade J Class 55 Type V Grade 5 Class 55 E 112 Test Methods for Determining the Average
Grade J Class 65 Type V Grade 5 Class 65 Grain Size
Grade J Class 70 Type V Grade 5 Class 70 E 165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination
Grade K Type VI
E 290 Test Method for Semi-Guided Bend Test for Ductil-
Grade L Type VII
Grade J Class 110 Type VIII ity of Metallic Materials
Grade M Class A Type IX Class A E 433 Referenced Photographs for Liquid Penetrant In-
Grade M Class B Type IX Class B spection
677
4.3.1 At the option of the manufacturer, Grades 6.3 Bending Properties—Depending upon the outside
A, B, C, D and Classes 55, 65, 70 of Grades E, F, diameter, D, and the wall thickness, T, of hollow or
G, H, and J forgings shall be normalized, normalized bored forgings, a bend test or flattening test will be
and tempered, or liquid-quenched and tempered. required.
4.3.2 Grades K, L, M, and Class 110 of Grade 6.3.1 For bored or hollow forgings with outside
J forgings shall be liquid-quenched and tempered. diameters of 14 in. [355 mm] or less and with a D/
T ratio of more than 10.0, a flattening test is required.
4.3.3 When normalized forgings are to be tempered, This shall be carried out in accordance with Specification
or when forgings have been quenched, they shall be A 530/A 530M and Table 3. No breaks or cracks in
reheated to a subcritical temperature and held for at the test ring are acceptable until the distance between
least 1⁄2 h/in. [25 mm] of maximum cross section. the plates is less than that shown in Table 3.
678
6.3.2 For bored or hollow forgings with outside 6.5 Number of Tests:
diameters 14 in. [355 mm], or where the D/T ratio is
10.0 or less at the manufacturer’s option, the flattening 6.5.1 Up to 200 like forgings, each with a heat-
test specified in 6.3.1, or a transverse bend test in treated weight of less than 1000 lb [510 kg] when
accordance with Arrangement C of Test Method E 290 heat treated in a single batch furnace charge, shall
is required. The bend test pin diameter shall be as have one tension test taken in accordance with 6.4.1
specified in Table 4. No cracks or ruptures in the test or 6.4.2 to represent each heat. In addition, for hollow
piece are allowable when the test piece is bent through or bored forgings, one bend or flattening test shall be
the required angle. taken in accordance with 6.3.
6.4 Orientation and Location of Test Specimens: 6.5.2 Like forgings, weighing less than 1000 lb
[450 kg] each when heat treated in a continuous furnace,
6.4.1 Test specimens representing vessel bodies shall have one tensile test taken to represent each heat
or shells shall be taken from a prolongation of a and not more than 200 forgings in any continuous
forging, from test rings that have been heat treated period up to 4 h duration. In addition, bored or hollow
with the forgings they represent, or from a representative forgings shall have one bend or flattening test taken
forging after heat treatment in accordance with 4.3.3. per heat per 200 forgings in any continuous period up
to 4 h duration in accordance with 6.3.
6.4.1.1 Test specimens representing vessel bodies
or shells shall be located at a position corresponding 6.5.3 For heat-treated forgings weighing 1000 lb
to the mid-wall location of the parallel side wall of [450 kg] or more, one tension test shall be taken in
the heat-treated forging and shall be oriented parallel accordance with 6.4.1 or 6.4.2 to represent each heat
to the longitudinal axis of the vessel. and not more than ten forgings in a heat-treat lot. In
addition, hollow or bored forgings shall have one bend
6.4.1.2 A test ring shall be in the shape of a or flattening test, taken in accordance with 6.3, to
right circular cylinder having the same diameter and represent each ten or fewer forgings for the same heat
wall thickness as the cylinders it represents. In addition, and heat-treatment lot.
the test ring shall be from the same heat of steel and
be subjected to the same heat treatment as the cylinders 6.6 Hardness Testing:
it represents. The method of quenching the test ring
6.6.1 Forgings under 1000 lb [450 kgm] in weight,
must duplicate that of the cylinders; if the cylinders
heat treated in a batch lot of up to 200 pieces (6.5.1)
are quenched from the outside only, then the test ring
or in a continuous furnace run covering up to 200
must have its ends closed. The length of test rings
pieces in up to four hours production (6.5.2) shall be
that will be liquid quenched must be at least 24 in.
subject to a uniformity check by Brinell hardness testing,
[610 mm]. The ends of such test rings may be vented
or an equivalent method. For this purpose, 10% of the
to prevent pressure buildup during heat treating.
furnace production shall be sampled and shall meet
6.4.2 Test specimens representing vessel covers the minimum hardness specified in Table 2 for the
or similar components may be taken from a full section type and shall also be within 20 Brinell points of the
prolongation of the cover, from a representative forging, hardness of the forging from which the tensile test was
or from an integral prolongation when the part is taken.
contour-machined prior to heat treatment. 6.6.2 In the event that the test sample does not
6.4.2.1 Test specimens taken from full size meet these criteria, the remainder of that production
prolongations or representative forgings shall be located group shall be hardness tested and all of those forgings
at a position midway between the center and the surface. that fall outside these limits shall be retempered or
reheat-treated at the manufacturer’s option and retested.
6.4.2.2 When forgings are contour-machined
prior to heat treatment so that highly stressed surfaces
are exposed, the test specimens may be taken at an
7. Magnetic Particle Examination
equal distance (t) from the nearest quenched surface
as the highly stressed area, but not less than 3⁄4 in. 7.1 All quenched and tempered forgings shall be
[20 mm]. The location of the specimens from a second subject to magnetic particle examination after heat
surface shall be at least the greater of 11⁄2 in. [40 mm] treatment. The methods used shall be in accordance
or 2t. with Test Method A 275/A 275M.
679
SA-372/SA-372M 1998 SECTION II
7.2 Only direct current or rectified alternating (full be accepted by the purchaser, provided that such irregu-
or half wave) current shall be used as the electric larity will not require lowering the allowable working
power source for any of the magnetizing methods. pressure below that for which the forging was designed.
7.3 The forgings shall be free from linear indications
indicative of cracks. In case of doubt as to the type
of condition giving rise to linear magnetic particle
9. Repair Welding
indications, they may be inspected for Type II indica-
tions referenced in Reference Photographs E 433 when 9.1 Repair welding shall be permitted when mutually
inspected by the liquid penetrant method in accordance agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer
with Practice E 165. Alternatively, some other suitable and shall be performed in accordance with all the
method for classifying the indications may be used requirements of the applicable code or rules of con-
as agreed upon between the manufacturer and the struction.
purchaser.
680
PART A — FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-372/SA-372M
TABLE 1
CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS
Composition, %
Grade M
Grade K Grade L Classes A and B
Carbon 0.18 max 0.38–0.43 0.23 max
Manganese 0.10–0.40 0.60–0.80 0.20–0.40
Phosphorus, max 0.025 max 0.025 0.020
Sulfur, max 0.025 max 0.025 0.020
Silicon 0.15–0.35 0.15–0.35 0.30 max
Nickel 2.0–3.3 1.65–2.00 2.8–3.9
Chromium 1.00–1.80 0.70–0.90 1.50–2.00
Molybdenum 0.20–0.60 0.20–0.30 0.40–0.60
Vanadium 0.08 max
681
SA-372/SA-372M 1998 SECTION II
TABLE 2
MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS
Yield Elongation
Strength in 2 in.
Tensile Strength, (0.2% Offset), [50 mm], Hardness,
Type ksi [MPa] ksi [MPa], min min, % HB, min A
Grade A 60–85 [415–585] 35 [240] 20 121
Grade B 75–100 [515–690] 45 [310] 18 156
Grade C 90–115 [620–795] 55 [380] 15 187
Grade D 105–130 [725–895] 65 [450] 15 217
Grades E, F, G, H, 85–110 [545–760] 55 [380] 20 179
J (Class 55)
Grades E, F, G, H, 105–130 [725–895] 65 [450] 19 217
J (Class 65)
Grades E, F, G, H, 120–145 [825–1000] 70 [485] 18 248
J (Class 70)
Grade J (Class 110) 135–160 [930–1100] 110 [760] 15 277
Grade K 100–125 [690–860] 80 [550] 20 207
Grade L 155–180 [1070–1240] 135 [930] 12 311
Grade M (Class A) 105–130 [725–895] 85 [585] 18 217
Grade M (Class B) 120–145 [825–1000] 100 [690] 16 248
A When required by 6.6.
TABLE 3 TABLE 4
DISTANCE BETWEEN PLATES FOR FLATTENING MAXIMUM PIN DIAMETERS AND MINIMUM ANGLE
TESTS A FOR BEND TEST
682
PART A — FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-372/SA-372M
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
One or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply only when
specified by the purchaser on the inquiry, contract, or order. Details of these supple-
mentary requirements shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser.
S1. Grain Size minimum energy values, and test temperature(s) shall
be as specified.
S1.1 When a grain size range is required, it shall
be specified in the ordering information and shall be
determined by an agreed-upon method for Test Methods S4. Fracture Toughness
E 112.
S4.1 Specific fracture toughness requirements are
S1.2 Samples for grain size estimation shall be taken levied by certain sections of the ASME Boiler and
from the tension test specimen location. Pressure Vessel Code. Forgings in the permitted types
shall comply with the applicable Code sections.
S4.2 The necessary Code references toughness criteria
and test temperature data shall be included in the
S2. Rough Machining ordering information.
S2.1 Rough machining shall be performed in the
sequence and manner as specified.
S5. Ultrasonic Examination
S5.1 Ultrasonic examination of forgings shall be
carried out in accordance with Practice A 388/A 388M.
S3. Impact Testing
S5.2 Acceptance criteria shall be specified and shall
S3.1 Charpy V-notch test specimens shall be taken be in accordance with the applicable Code or purchaser’s
from the same location and in the same orientation specification and shall be included as part of the ordering
as tension test specimens. The number of specimens, information.
683