Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
by
A THESIS
IN
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING
Approved
Akanni Lawal
Chairperson of the Committee
Paulus Adisoemarta
Accepted
John Borrelli
Dean of the Graduate School
December, 2004
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
There are many people who were associated with this thesis who deserve
recognition. I would like to thank Dr. Akanni S. Lawal for his direction, support and
training. Thanks to Dr. James F. Lea for helping me with industrial approach towards this
thesis. I would also like to thank Dr. Paulus Adisoemarta for serving on my committee
and for his guidance.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii
ABSTRACT vi
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES viii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xii
CHAPTER
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background Information 1
1.2 Use of Compressibility Factors in Engineering Analysis 2
1.2.1 Z-Factor for Sour and Acid Gases 2
1.2.2 Z-Factor for Geologic CO2 Storage 2
1.3 Significance of the Project 3
1.4 Objective of the Project 4
iii
2.4 Corresponding State Prediction Methods 12
2.5 Equations of State Prediction Methods 19
iv
4.10 Transformed Cubic Equations to the LLS EOS Form 66
4.11 Generalized Reduced State of Cubic Equations-of-State 67
4.12 Prediction Results for Z-Factor of Pure Substances 71
4.13 Development of Binary Interaction Parameters 74
4.14 Prediction Results of Z-Factor of Mixtures 75
4.15 Prediction Results for Z-Factor of Natural Gases 77
4.15. 1 Results for Excelsior Laboratory Data 78
4.15. 2 Results for TTU Laboratory Data 80
4.15. 3 Results for UCalgary Data 81
4.15. 4 Results for Elsharkawy Gas Data 88
4.15. 5 Results for Elsharkawy Miscellaneous Data 90
REFERENCES 96
APPENDICES 106
A. REDUCED FORM OF CUBIC EQUATIONS OF STATE 106
B. PREDICTION RESULTS FOR PSEUDOCRITICAL PARAMETERS 117
C. SCALING FACTOR DEVELOPMENT AND RESULTS 122
D. PREDICTION OF Z-FACTOR FOR PURE SUBSTANCES 127
E. EXPERIMENTAL Z-FACTOR FOR MISCELLANEOUS GASES 137
F. PREDICTION OF Z-FACTOR FROM LLS EOS 171
G. FORTRAN PROGRAMS 174
v
ABSTRACT
vi
LIST OF TABLES
vii
LIST OF FIGURES
viii
4.3 Z-Factor comparison for LLS-EOS for Nitrogen. 72
4.4 Z-Factor comparison for vdW-EOS for Methane. 73
4.5 Z-Factor comparison for vdW-EOS for Carbon dioxide. 73
o
4.6 Z-Factor comparison for CO2-C1 mixture at 49 F. 75
4.7 Z-Factor comparison for CO2-C1 mixture at 70 oF. 75
4.8 Z-Factor comparison for CO2-C1 mixture at 90 oF. 76
4.9 Z-Factor comparison for CO2-C1 mixture at 90 oF. 76
4.10 Z-Factor for Sweet Natural Gas, Data from Excelsior 6 (FPP) at 581 oR. 79
4.11 Z-Factor Comparison Chart at 90 oF (Simon et. al.). 79
o
4.12 Z-Factor Comparison Chart at 120 F (Simon et. al.). 80
4.13 75% CO2 - Dry Gas at 100 oF for CO2 Sequestration. 80
4.14 25% CO2 - Dry Gas at 160 oF for CO2 Sequestration. 81
4.15 Z-Factor for sour natural gas, data from Excelsior 6 (FPP) at 581 oR. 82
4.16 Z-Factor comparison for sour natural gas mixture at 84 oF. 82
o
4.17 Z-Factor comparison for sour natural gas mixture at 73 F. 83
4.18 Z-Factor comparison for sour natural gas mixture at 198 oF. 83
4.19 Z-Factor comparison for sour natural gas mixture at 50 oF. 84
4.20 Z-Factor comparison for sour natural gas mixture at 100 oF. 84
4.21 Z-Factor comparison for sour natural gas mixture at 125 oF. 85
4.22 Z-Factor comparison for sour natural gas mixture at 150 oF. 85
o
4.23 Z-Factor comparison for sour natural gas mixture at 175 F. 86
4.24 Z-Factor comparison for sour natural gas mixture at 200 oF. 86
4.25 Z-Factor comparison for sour natural gas mixture at 219 oF. 87
4.26 Z-Factor comparison for sour natural gas mixture at 250 oF. 87
B.1 Critical temperature prediction for Gore Data (Mix 47-1). 118
B.2 Critical pressure prediction for Gore Data (Mix 47-1). 119
B.3 Critical pressure prediction for Gore Data (Mix 26-1). 119
B.4 Critical temperature prediction for Gore Data (Mix 26-2). 120
B.5 Critical pressure prediction for Gore Data (Mix 26-2). 120
ix
B.6 Critical temperature prediction for Gore Data (Mix 26-3). 121
B.7 Critical pressure prediction for Gore Data (Mix 26-3). 121
C.1 Scaled z-factor result for Buxton & Campbell Data at 160 oF (Mix-4). 123
o
C.2 Scaled z-factor result for Buxton & Campbell Data at 130 F (Mix-4). 123
C.3 Scaled z-factor result for Buxton & Campbell Data at 160 oF (Mix-3). 124
C.4 Scaled z-factor result for Buxton & Campbell Data at 130 oF (Mix-3). 124
C.5 Scaled z-factor result for Buxton & Campbell Data at 100 oF (Mix-3). 125
C.6 Scaled z-factor result for Buxton & Campbell Data at 130 oF (Mix-2). 125
C.7 Scaled z-factor result for Buxton & Campbell Data at 160 oF (Mix-1). 126
D.1 Z-Factor comparison for vdW-EOS for Nitrogen. 127
D.2 Z-Factor comparison for RK-EOS for Methane. 127
D.3 Z-Factor comparison for RK-EOS for Carbon dioxide. 128
D.4 Z-Factor comparison for RK-EOS for Nitrogen. 128
D.5 Z-Factor comparison for SRK-EOS for Methane. 129
D.6 Z-Factor comparison for SRK-EOS for Carbon dioxide. 129
D.7 Z-Factor comparison for SRK-EOS for Nitrogen. 130
D.8 Z-Factor comparison for PR-EOS for Methane. 130
D.9 Z-Factor comparison for PR-EOS for Carbon dioxide. 131
D.10 Z-Factor comparison for PR-EOS for Nitrogen. 131
D.11 Z-Factor comparison for SW-EOS for Methane. 132
D.12 Z-Factor comparison for SW-EOS for Carbon dioxide. 132
D.13 Z-Factor comparison for SW-EOS for Nitrogen. 133
D.14 Z-Factor comparison for PT-EOS for Methane. 133
D.15 Z-Factor comparison for PT-EOS for Carbon dioxide. 134
D.16 Z-Factor comparison for PT-EOS for Nitrogen. 134
D.17 Z-Factor comparison for TB-EOS for Methane. 135
D.18 Z-Factor comparison for TB-EOS for Carbon dioxide. 135
D.19 Z-Factor comparison for TB-EOS for Nitrogen. 136
F.1 Z-factor for pure substances (Methane). 171
x
F.2 Z-factor for pure substances (n-Decane). 171
F.3 Z-factor for pure substances (Carbon Dioxide). 172
F.4 Z-factor for pure substances (Hydrogen Sulfide). 172
F.5 Z-factor for pure substances (Nitrogen). 173
xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Symbol Definition
xii
SW Schmidt-Wenzel
t Inverse Absolute Temperature (1/T)
T Absolute Temperature
TB Trebble-Bishnoi
V Volume in cubic feet
vdW van der Waal
x Mole Fraction
z Compressibility Factor
Z Compressibility Factor
Greek Letter
α Parameter of LLS EOS
αij Binary Interaction Term
β Parameter of LLS EOS
Ω Dimensionless EOS Parameter
ω Acentric Factor
γg Specific Gravity
Subscripts
c Critical Property
pr Pseudo Reduced Property Identification
pc Pseudo Critical Property Identification
r Reduced Property Identification
m Mixture Definition
R Reduced State
i, j Component Identification
1, 2 Index for components 1 and 2
xiii
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1
1.2 Use of Compressibility Factors in Engineering Analysis
Accurate information of compressibility factor values is necessary in engineering
applications like gas metering, pipeline design, estimating reserves, gas flow rate, and
material balance calculations. Some of the petroleum engineering applications which
involve use of z-factor values of gases are as follows:
2
0.38
VDW
0.36
Critical Compressibility Factor
0.34
RK
0.32
PR
SW
0.30
Twu PT
0.28
TB
EXP LLS
0.26
0.24
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10
Pure Substances
3
1.4 Objective of the Project
This research project provides improved predictive techniques for z-factors based
on the approaches of cubic Equations-of-State (EOS) and empirical correlation of
Standing-Katz5 Chart. Eight EOS that are routinely used in reservoir calculations and
improved pseudocritical property methods for Standing & Katz (SK) Chart are utilized to
match experimentally determined z-factors for pure substances, natural and sour reservoir
gases. The experimental z-factors data for 3100 gas samples, including highly sour gases
(H2S), acid gases (CO2 and N2) and rich gas condensates (with significant amount of C7+)
are used to establish the improved predictive techniques for z-factors.
4
CHAPTER 2
5
use this chart, knowledge of reduced temperature and reduced pressure are required,
which further needs determination of critical properties (namely, critical pressure and
critical temperature of the system). Numerous methods have been suggested to predict
pseudocritical properties of the gases as a function of their specific gravity. The point to
be noted here is that these methods predict pseudo critical values which are evidently not
accurate values of the gas mixtures. The existing methods fail to predict accurate values
of pseudocritical values when non-hydrocarbon components are present in significant
amounts. Improved technique to predict critical properties have been discussed in the
Chapter 3 of this thesis report.
[
F(Y) = −0.06125p pr T − 1.2(1 − t ) +
2
] Y + Y2 + Y3 − Y4
(1 − Y )3
( ) ( )
− 14.76t − 9.76t 2 4.58t 3 Y 2 + 90.7 t − 242.2t 2 + 42.4t 3 Y (2.18+ 2.82 t ) = 0 (2.2).
Hall and Yarborough pointed out that the method is not recommended for
application if the pseudo-reduced temperature is less than one.
6
2.3.3 Wichert-Aziz Z-Factor Correlation
Sour natural gases (containing H2S) and/or CO2 frequently exhibit different
compressibility factor behavior than do sweet natural gases. Wichert and Aziz22 (1972)
developed a calculation procedure to account for these differences. Wichert and Aziz
developed a pseudo-critcal temperature adjustment factor which is a function of the
concentration of CO2 and H2S in the sour gas. This correction factor is then used to adjust
the pseudo-critical temperature and pressure according to the following expressions:
Tpc′ = Tpc − ε (2.3).
p pc Tpc′
p′pc =
Tpc + B(1 − B)ε
(2.4).
where Tpc = pseudo-critical temperature, oR
7
⎡ A A A ⎤
z = ⎢A 1 + 2 + 33 + 55 ⎥ρ r
⎢⎣ Tpr Tpr Tpr ⎥⎦
⎡ A A ⎤ ⎡A A ⎤
+ ⎢A 6 + 7 + 28 ⎥ρ 2r − A 9 ⎢ 7 + 28 ⎥ρ 5r
⎢⎣ Tpr Tpr ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ Tpr Tpr ⎥⎦
( ρ2
) [
+ A 10 1 + A 11ρ 2r 3r EXP − A 11ρ 2r + 1
Tpr
]
(2.7).
where ρ r = reduced gas density and is defined by the following relationship:
0.27p pr
ρr =
zTpr
(2.8).
The constants A1 through A11 were determined by fitting the equation, using non-
linear regression models, to 1,500 points from the Standing and Katz z-factor chart. The
coefficients values:
A1 = 0.3262 A2 = -1.0700 A3 = -0.5339 A4 = 0.01569
A5 = -0.05165 A6 = 0.5475 A7 = -0.7361 A8 = 0.1884
A9 = 0.1056 A10 = 0.6134 A11 = 0.7210
This method is applicable over the ranges
0.2 ≤ p pr < 30
1.0 < Tpr ≤ 3.0
z=A+
(1 − A ) + Cp D
pr
eB (2.9).
where
A = 1.39(Tpr − 0.92) − 0.36Tpr − 0.101
0.5
8
⎡ 0.066 ⎤
B = (0.62 − 0.23Tpr )p pr + ⎢
0.32
− 0.037⎥ p 2pr + 9 (Tpr −1) p 6pr
⎣⎢ (Tpr − 0.86 ) ⎦⎥ 10
[
F(Y) = −0.06125p pr T − 1.2(1 − t ) +
2
] Y + Y2 + Y3 − Y4
(1 − Y )3
( ) (
− 14.76t − 9.76t 2 4.58t 3 Y 2 + 90.7 t − 242.2t 2 + 42.4t 3 Y (2.18+ 2.82 t ) = 0 ) (2.11).
It should be noted that this method is not recommended for application if the
pseudo-reduced temperature is less than one.
9
up with two noniterative equations, one for Pr less than or equal to 5.4, and the other for
Pr greater than 5.4. To describe the chart accurately, the chart was further divided into 12
parts24. A general equation was developed and is of the form:
Z = Pr (ATr + B ) + CTr + D (2.12).
The values of constants A, B, C, and D for various combinations of PR and TR are
available in the reference33. For Pr greater than 5.4, harmonic equations are suggested to
be a good fit.
0.04275
ZB = 0.021 +
(Tpr − 0.65)
0.0657
ZD = − 0.037
(Tpr − 0.86)
ZG = p pr * ( ZC + ZD × p pr + ZE × p 4pr )
10
2.3.9 Physical Properties of C7+ Fractions Correlation
6084
API = + 5 .9
MW
141.5
SG =
131.5 + API
( )
Tbp o R = e 0 MW e1 SG
e2
C = e 0 MW 1 SG 2 Tbpe3
e e
p c , ( psi) = e 0 MW 1 SG 2 Tbpe3 C e 4
e e
( )
Tc o R = e 0 MW 1 SG 2 Tbpe 3 Ce 4
e e
ω = e 0 MW 1 SG 2 Tbpe3 C e 4
e e
0.293 0.361
Zc = Ωw =
(1 + 0.375ω ) (1 + 0.0274ω )
Parameters
Property
e0 e1 e2 e3 e4
11
2.4 Corresponding States Prediction Methods
The theory of Corresponding States proposes that all gases will exhibit the same
behavior, e.g. z-factor, when viewed in terms of reduced pressure, reduced volume, and
reduced temperature. Mathematically, this principle can be defined as:
z = z c Ψ (p R , TR ) (2.14).
The mathematical derivation of the above expression is as follows:
Real gas law is,
PV = zRT (2.15).
Multiply and divide the LHS of the above equation by Pc Vc and RHS by zcTc, we get,
PV zRT
Pc Vc = z c Tc
Pc Vc z c Tc (2.16).
PV T T
= = zR c
Pc Vc Pc Vc Tc (2.17).
By definition
P T
PR = & TR =
Pc Tc (2.18).
z z c Tc
= PR VR = TR
z c Pc Vc (2.19).
we have from real gas law,
z c Tc 1
=
Pc Vc R (2.20).
z PR VR
= PR VR =
z c TR (2.21).
TR
= z = zc
PR VR
z = z c Ψ (p R , TR ) (2.22).
Based on the above derivation, the following relationship can be established,
12
p R1 VR1 p R 2 VR 2
=
Z R1TR1 Z R 2 TR 2 (2.23).
4
C om pressibility Factor
3
Exp
TR = 0.65 nC7
2 nC9
nC10
vdW
SRK
1
LLS
PT
PR
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Reduced Pressure
13
5
4
C om pressibility Factor
3 Exp
nC4
TR = 0.75 nC5
2 nC6
nC9
vdW
SRK
1
LLS
PT
PR
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Reduced Pressure
14
5
Exp
C3
iC4
4 nC4
nC5
nC6
Compressibility Factor
nC7
nC9
3 nC10
vdW
SRK
TR = 0.85
LLS
2 PT
PR
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Reduced Pressure
1.8
1.4
Compressibility Factor
Exp
1 CO2
H2S
C2
TR = 1.02 C3
nC5
0.6 vdW
SRK
LLS
PT
PR
0.2
0 4 8 12 16
Reduced Pressure
Figure 2.4: Z-Factor of Pure Substances at Reduced Conditions (TR=1.02).
15
2.25
1.85
Compressibility Factor
1.45
Exp
C2
1.05 C3
TR = 1.07 nC4
iC4
nC5
vdW
0.65 SRK
LLS
PT
PR
0.25
0 5 10 15 20
Reduced Pressure
2.03
1.75
Compressibility Factor
1.47
Exp
CO2
1.19 H2S
C2
TR = 1.13 C3
nC4
0.91
iC4
vdW
SRK
0.63 LLS
PT
PR
0.35
0 5 10 15 20
Reduced Pressure
16
1.9
1.55
Compressibility Factor
Exp
CO2
1.2 H2S
C2
C3
TR = 1.24 nC4
iC4
0.85 vdW
SRK
LLS
PT
PR
0.5
0 5 10 15 20
Reduced Pressure
1.64
Compressibility Factor
1.31
Exp
CO2
TR = 1.55 C1
C2
C3
0.98
vdW
SRK
LLS
PT
PR
0.65
0 5 10 15 20
Reduced Pressure
Figure 2.8: Z-Factor of Pure Substances at Reduced Conditions (TR=1.55).
17
1.60
Compressibility Factor
1.36
Exp
CO2
C1
C2
1.12 TR = 1.98
vdW
SRK
LLS
PT
PR
0.88
0 3 6 9 12 15 18
Reduced Pressure
Figure 2.9: Z-Factor of Pure Substances at Reduced Conditions (TR=1.98).
2.00
1.73
Compressibility Factor
1.45 Exp
N2
TR = 2.03
C1
vdW
1.18 SRK
LLS
PT
PR
0.90
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Reduced Pressure
18
2.5 Equations of State Prediction Methods
Cubic equations of state (EOS’s) are simple equations relating pressure, volume,
and temperature (PVT). They accurately describe the volumetric and phase behavior of
pure compounds and mixtures, requiring only critical properties and acentric factor of
each component. The same equation is used to calculate the properties of all phases,
thereby ensuring consistency in reservoir processes that approach critical conditions.
Multiple phase behavior, such as low-temperature CO2 flooding, can be treated with an
EOS, and even water-/hydrocarbon-phase behavior can be predicted accurately with a
cubic EOS.
Volumetric behavior is calculated by solving the simple cubic equation, usually
pV
expressed in terms of z = ,
RT
z 3 + A 2 z + A1z + A 0 = 0 (2.24).
where constants A0, A1, and A2 are functions of pressure, temperature, and phase
composition. Chapter 4 presents a detailed use of equations-of-state method for solving z-
factors.
19
CHAPTER 3
⎡ 0.06125p pr t ⎤
Z=⎢
Y
[
⎥ exp − 1.2(1 − t )
2
] (3.1)
⎣ ⎦
[
F(Y) = −0.06125p pr T − 1.2(1 − t ) +
2
] Y + Y2 + Y3 − Y4
(1 − Y )3
( ) ( )
− 14.76 t − 9.76 t 2 4.58t 3 Y 2 + 90.7 t − 242.2 t 2 + 42.4 t 3 Y (2.18+ 2.82 t ) = 0 (3.2).
20
Beggs-Brill25 Best-Fit Equation:
z=A+
(1 − A ) + Cp D
pr
eB (3.3)
where
A = 1.39(Tpr − 0.92)
0.5
− 0.36Tpr − 0.101
⎡ 0.066 ⎤
B = (0.62 − 0.23Tpr )p pr + ⎢
0.32
− 0.037⎥ p 2pr + 9 (Tpr −1) p 6pr
⎢⎣ Tpr − 0.86 ( ⎥⎦ ) 10
⎡ A A A ⎤
z = ⎢ A1 + 2 + 33 + 55 ⎥ ρ r
⎢⎣ T pr T pr T pr ⎥⎦
⎡ A A ⎤ ⎡A A ⎤
+ ⎢ A6 + 7 + 28 ⎥ ρ r2 − A9 ⎢ 7 + 28 ⎥ ρ r5
⎣⎢ T pr T pr ⎥⎦ ⎣⎢ T pr T pr ⎥⎦
)ρ [ ]
2
(
+ A10 1 + A11 ρ r2 3
r
EXP − A11 ρ r2 + 1
T pr
(3.4)
where ρ r = reduced gas density and is defined by the following relationship:
0.27p pr
ρr =
zTpr
The constants A1 through A11 were determined by fitting the equation,
using non-linear regression models, to 1,500 points from the Standing and Katz z-factor
chart. The coefficients values:
A1 = 0.3262 A2 = -1.0700 A3 = -0.5339 A4 = 0.01569
A5 = -0.05165 A6 = 0.5475 A7 = -0.7361 A8 = 0.1884
A9 = 0.1056 A10 = 0.6134 A11 = 0.7210
Dranchuk-Purvis-Robinson Method:
21
Dranchuk, Purvis, and Robinson’s (1974) correlation was developed based on
Benedict-Webb-Rubin57 type of equation of state. It consists of eight coefficients which
were obtained based on a best-fit of 1500 data points from Standing-Katz Z-factor chart.
The correlation is,
⎡ A A ⎤ ⎡ A ⎤ ⎡A A ⎤
Z = 1 + ⎢A 1 + 2 + 33 ⎥ρ r + ⎢A 4 + 5 ⎥ρ 2r + ⎢ 5 6 ⎥ρ 5r
⎢⎣ Tpr Tpr ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ Tpr ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ Tpr ⎥⎦
⎡A ⎤
+ ⎢ 37 ρ 2r (1 + A 8 ρ 2r )EXP(− A 8 ρ 2r )⎥
⎣⎢ Tpr ⎦⎥ (3.5)
0.27p pr
where ρ r = and the coefficients A1 to A8 have the following values:
ZTpr
0.04275
ZB = 0.021 +
(TR − 0.65)
ZC = 0.6222 − 0.224 × TR
0.0657
ZD = − 0.037
(TR − 0.86)
22
ZF = 0.122 × exp(−11.3 × (TR − 1))
ZG = PR * ( ZC + ZD × PR + ZE × PR4 )
23
θ 3 Z 3c + θ 2 Z c2 + θ1 Z c + θ 0 = 0 (3.10)
where
θ 3 = 8 + 12α m + 6α 2m + α 3m
θ 2 = − (3 + 12α m + 12α 2m + 9β m − 9α m β m )
θ1 = 3α m + 6α 2m + 6β m − 6α m β m
θ 0 = − (α 2m + β m − α m β m )
where the mixture parameters am, bm, αm and βm are prescribed as
n n
a m = ∑∑ x i x j a (T )1i / 2 a (T )1j / 2 a ij
i =1 j=1
(3.11)
3
⎛ n ⎞
b m = ⎜ ∑ x i b1i / 3 ⎟
⎝ i =1 ⎠ (3.12).
n n
α m = ∑∑ x i x j α 1i / 2 α 1j / 2 α ij
i =1 j=1
(3.13)
n n
β m = ∑∑ x i x jβ1i / 2β1j / 2β ij
i =1 j=1
(3.14).
The temperature function essential in the determination of the mixture equation of
state parameter (attractive term ‘a’) is defined as:
R 2 Tc2 2 2
3 R Tc
a (T ) = Ω a = [1 + (Ω w − 1) Z c ] TR−θ
Pc Pc (3.15)
where θ = 0.19708+ 0.08627ω + 0.35714ω + 3.59015e − 03ωMw .
2
Ω Z 2
w c (3.18)
0.361
Ωw =
1 + 0.0274ω (3.19).
24
A brief description of the previously used empirical correlations suggested is
given in the following paragraphs. It should be noted that only the commonly used
correlations are mentioned.
Cavett (1962) proposed correlations for estimating the critical pressure and
temperature of hydrocarbon fractions.
I ai bi
0 768.07121 2.8290406
1 1.7133693 0.94120109*10-3
2 -0.0010834003 -0.30474749*10-5
3 -0.0089212579 -0.20876110*10-4
4 0.38890584*10-6 0.15184103*10-8
5 0.53094290*10-5 0.11047899*10-7
6 0.32711600*10-7 -0.48271599*10-7
7 - 0.13949619*10-9
25
Kesler-Lee Correlations:
Kesler and Lee (1976) proposed a set of equations to estimate the critical
temperature, critical pressure, acentric factor, and molecular weight of petroleum
fractions.
Critical Pressure:
105
Tc = 341.7 + 811.1γ g + (0.4244 + 0.1174γ g )Tb + (0.4669 − 3.26238γ g ) (3.23)
Tb
Molecular Weight:
Sim and Daubert (1980) represented the critical pressure, critical temperature, and
molecular weight as follows:
[
Tc = exp 3.994718Tb0.08615 γ 0g.04614 ] (3.26)
26
Watansiri-Owens-Starling Correlation
Critical Temperature:
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
Critical Volume:
Critical Pressure:
0.8
⎛ Tc ⎞ ⎛Mw ⎞ ⎛ T ⎞
ln(P c ) = 6.6418853 + 0.01617283⎜ ⎟ − 8.712⎜ ⎟ − 0.08843889⎜ b ⎟
⎜V ⎟ ⎜ T ⎟ ⎜M ⎟
⎝ c ⎠ ⎝ c ⎠ ⎝ w ⎠
(3.30)
Acentric Factor:
⎡ ⎛ Tb ⎞ 382.904 ⎤
⎢5.1236667 × 10 Tb + 0.281826667⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ +
−4
+ ⎥
⎢ ⎝ Mw ⎠ Mw ⎥
⎢ 2 ⎥
⎢ ⎛ T ⎞ ⎥⎛ 5Tb ⎞
ω = ⎢0.074691 × 10− 5 ⎜ b ⎟ − 0.12027778 × 10 − 4 Tb M w + 0.001261γ g M w ⎥⎜⎜ 9M ⎟⎟
⎜γ ⎟
⎢ ⎝ g ⎠ ⎥⎝ w ⎠
⎢ 1 2 ⎥
⎢+ 0.1265 × 10− 4 M 2 + 0.2061 × 10− 4 γ M 2 − 66.29959 Tb − 0.00255452 Tb ⎥
3 3
⎢ w g w
Mw γ g2 ⎥⎦
⎣
(3.31)
Empirical Methods
Gpc = Gideal + Gexcess (3.32)
27
Ppc = ∑ x i Pci + ∑ Φ i (Pci (IDEAL) x i )
n
(3.33)
i =1
n
Tpc = ∑ x i Tci (3.35)
i
⎜ ⎟ = ∑∑ x i x j ⎢⎜ Tc ⎟⎟ + ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎥
⎜P
⎝ pc
⎟ 8 i j
⎠ ⎢⎜⎝ Pc ⎠i ⎝ Pc ⎠ j ⎥⎦
⎣ (3.37)
Prausnitz-Gunn (1958)
n
Tpc = ∑ x i Tci
i =1 (3.38)
⎛ n
⎞ ⎛ n
⎞
⎜ ∑ x i Z ci ⎟R ⎜ ∑ x i Tci ⎟
Ppc = ⎝ i =1 ⎠ ⎝ i =1 ⎠
⎛ n
⎞
⎜ ∑ x i Vci ⎟
⎝ i =1 ⎠ (3.39)
28
2
⎡ nc ⎛ T ⎞⎤
⎢∑ x i ⎜ c ⎟⎥
⎢ i ⎜ 12 ⎟⎥
⎣ ⎝ Pc ⎠i ⎦
Ppc = 2
⎡ nc 2
⎤
⎞ 2 ⎡ nc ⎛ Tc ⎤
1
⎢ 1 x ⎛⎜ Tc ⎞ 2
⎥
⎢3 ∑ i⎜
⎟⎟ + ⎢∑ x i ⎜⎜ ⎟
⎟
⎥
⎥
⎢⎣ i ⎝ Pc ⎠ i 3 ⎢⎣ i ⎝ Pc ⎠i ⎥
⎦ ⎥⎦
(3.41)
P
⎟⎟ ⎥
⎥
⎣ i j ⎝ c ⎠ j ⎥⎦ ⎦ (3.42)
⎡ ⎤
⎢ n ⎥
⎢ Tc ∑ x i Z ci ⎥
Ppc = ⎢ i ⎥
⎢ n n ⎡1 ⎛ Z T ⎞ 1/ 3 3 ⎥
1⎛Z T ⎞ ⎤
1/ 3
⎢ x i x j ⎢ ⎜⎜ c c ⎟⎟ + ⎜⎜ c c ⎟⎟ ⎥ ⎥
∑∑
⎢ i j ⎢⎣ 2 ⎝ Pc ⎠ i 2 ⎝ Pc ⎠ j ⎥ ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎦ (3.43)
where
⎡ n ⎤
⎢ P∑ x i (Tc )i ⎥
γ = Ψ ⎢ i =n1 ⎥
⎢ T x (P ) ⎥
⎢⎣ ∑ i c i ⎥
⎦
i =1 (3.44)
Leland and co-workers later reported the following relationship,
⎡ n ⎤
⎢ ∑ x i Tci ⎥
γ = −0.75⎢ ni ⎥ + 2.44
⎢ xP ⎥
⎢⎣ ∑ i ci ⎥
⎦
i (3.45).
29
n
Tc ∑ x i Z ci
Ppc = i
3
n n ⎡ ⎛Z T 1
⎞ 3 1 ⎛ Z c Tc ⎞ 3⎤
1
∑∑ x x ⎢1 ⎜ c c ⎟⎟ + ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎥
⎢ 2 ⎜⎝ Pc
i j
i =1 j=1
⎣ ⎠i 2 ⎝ Pc ⎠ j ⎥⎦
(3.47).
Z ci RTci
Vci =
Pci (3.49).
3
1 n n
∑ x x ⎛⎜⎝ V + Vcj 3 ⎞⎟
1 1
Vpc = ∑ 3
8 i =1
i j ci
⎠
j=1
(3.50)
n n 3
1
∑ ∑ x x ⎛⎜⎝ V + Vcj 3 ⎞⎟
1 1
Tpc = 3
Tci Tcj
8Vc
i j ci
⎠
i =1 j=1
(3.51)
T
Θ= b
Tc (3.52)
−1
− ln Pc (atm) − 5.92714 + 6.09648Θ + 1.28862 ln Θ − 0.169347Θ 6
ωi =
15.2518 − 15.6875Θ −1 − 13.4721 ln Θ + 0.43577Θ 6 (3.53).
n
ω = ∑ x i ωi
i =1 (3.54)
(0.2905 − 0.085ω)RTc
Ppc =
Vc (3.55)
⎢ ⎜ c ⎟ ⎜ c ⎟ ⎥
⎢∑∑ x i x j ⎜ P ⎟ ⎜ P ⎟ ⎥
⎢⎣ i =1 j=1 ⎝ c ⎠ i ⎝ c ⎠ j ⎥⎦
Tpc =
2
2
⎡n n ⎛ Tc ⎞ ⎛ Tc ⎞ ⎤
3
⎢∑∑ x i x j ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎥
⎢⎣ i =1 j=1 ⎝ Pc ⎠ i ⎝ Pc ⎠ j ⎥⎦
(3.56)
30
4
⎡n n ⎛ T 52 ⎞ 2 ⎛ T 52 ⎞ 2 ⎤
1 1 3
⎢ ⎜ c ⎟ ⎜ c ⎟ ⎥
⎢∑∑ x i x j ⎜ P ⎟ ⎜ P ⎟ ⎥
⎢⎣ i =1 j=1 ⎝ c ⎠ i ⎝ c ⎠ j ⎥⎦
Ppc =
2
5
⎡n n ⎛ Tc ⎞ ⎛ Tc ⎞ ⎤ 3
⎢∑∑ x i x j ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎥
⎢⎣ i =1 j=1 ⎝ Pc ⎠ i ⎝ Pc ⎠ j ⎥⎦
(3.57)
⎢⎜ c ⎟⎟ + ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎥
⎢⎜⎝ Pc ⎠i ⎝ Pc ⎠ j ⎥⎦
⎣ (3.63)
31
2
⎡ c ⎛ T ⎞ ⎤
⎢∑ x i ⎜ c ⎟ −E ⎥
⎢ i ⎜ 12 ⎟ k
⎥
⎣ ⎝ Pc ⎠i ⎦
Tpc = 2
⎞ 2 ⎡ nc ⎛ Tc ⎞ 2⎤
1
1 c
⎛T
∑ x i ⎜⎜ c ⎟⎟ + ⎢∑ x i ⎜⎜ ⎟ ⎥ − EJ
⎟ ⎥
3 i ⎝ Pc ⎠ i 3 ⎢⎣ i ⎝ Pc ⎠i ⎦
(3.64)
2
⎡ nc ⎛ T ⎞ ⎤
⎢∑ x i ⎜ c ⎟ −E ⎥
⎢ i ⎜ 12 ⎟ k
⎥
⎣ ⎝ Pc ⎠i ⎦
Ppc = 2
⎡ nc 2
⎤
⎞ 2 ⎡ nc ⎛ Tc ⎤
1
⎢ 1 x ⎛⎜ Tc ⎞ 2
⎥ − EJ ⎥
⎢3 ∑ i⎜
⎟⎟ + ⎢∑ x i ⎜⎜ ⎟
⎟ ⎥
⎢⎣ i ⎝ Pc ⎠ i 3 ⎢⎣ i ⎝ Pc ⎠i ⎥
⎦ ⎥⎦
(3.65)
Lawal-Lake-Silberberg65 (2002)
a m Bc
Tc =
b m R[3Z c + (α m + β m )B c2 + α m B c ]
2
(3.66)
a m B c2
Pc = 2
b m [3Z c2 + (α m + β m )B c2 + α m B c ]
(3.67)
n n
a m = ∑∑ x i x j (a i a j ) 0.5 a ij
i j
(3.68)
3
⎛ n ⎞
b m = ⎜ ∑ x i b1/3
i ⎟
⎝ i ⎠ (3.69)
n n
α m = ∑∑ x i x j (α i α j ) 0.5 α ij
i j
(3.70)
n n
β m = ∑∑ x i x j (β i β j ) 0.5 β ij
i j
(3.71)
32
Θ 3 = (α 3m + 6α 2m + 12α m + 8)
Θ 2 = −3(1 + 4α 2m + 4α m + 3β m − 3α m β m )
Θ1 = 3(2α 2m + 2β m − 2α m β m + α m )
Θ 0 = (α m β m − β m − α 2m )
Redlich-Kwong-Abbott
4
⎡ n ⎛ 52 ⎞ 2⎤
1 3
⎢ x ⎜ Tc ⎟ ⎥
⎢∑ i
⎜ Pc ⎟ ⎥
⎣⎢
i ⎝ ⎠ i ⎦⎥
Tpc = 2
(3.74)
⎡ n ⎛T ⎞ ⎤ 3
⎢∑ x i ⎜ c P ⎟ ⎥
⎢⎣ i ⎝ c ⎠i ⎥
⎦
4
⎡ n ⎛ 52 ⎞
1
2 ⎤ 3
⎢ x ⎜ Tc ⎥
⎢∑
⎟
i
⎜ Pc ⎟ ⎥
⎣⎢
i ⎝ ⎠i ⎦⎥
Ppc = 5
(3.75)
⎡ n ⎛T ⎞ ⎤ 3
⎢∑ x i ⎜ c P ⎟ ⎥
⎣⎢ i ⎝ c ⎠i ⎥
⎦
33
The Sutton90 gas gravity correlation is stated as:
Ppc (psia ) = 756.8 − 131.0S g − 3.6S g2 (3.78)
This work:
Ppc (psia ) = 659.94 + 57.306S g − 63.012S g2 (3.86)
34
700
Stan
Sutt
ElHA
HaTPh
680
BrBe
ThisWork
Pc Calculated (psia)
660
640
620
600
600 620 640 660 680 700
Pc Experimental (psia)
Stan
530
Sutt
ElHA
HaTPh
490
BrBe
ThisWork
Tc Calculated ( R)
o
450
410
370
330
330 370 410 450 490 530
o
Tc Experimental ( R)
35
Table 3.2: Sources of Experimental Z-Factor for Pure Substances.
Sage-Lacey 1950 C2 8
Sage-Lacey 1950 C3 8
Sage-Lacey 1950 N2 8
36
3.3.4 van der Waals Theory of Pseudocritical Methods
Criticality Theory
⎛ ∂P ⎞
⎜ ⎟ =0
⎝ ∂V ⎠ T at T = Tc and P = Pc (3.88)
⎛ ∂ 2P ⎞
⎜⎜ 2 ⎟⎟ = 0
⎝ ∂V ⎠ T at T = Tc and P = Pc (3.89)
2. Gibbs Criteria (1928)
⎛ ∂G ⎞
⎜ ⎟ =0 (3.90)
⎝ ∂x ⎠ T ,P
⎛ ∂ 2G ⎞
⎜⎜ 2 ⎟⎟ = 0
⎝ ∂x ⎠ T ,P (3.91)
3. Wilson Renormalization Theory (1982)
37
applying these rules of predicting BIN with gas mixtures containing very light and heavy
components. Other occasions of concern could be when isomers are present in a gas
mixture. It should be noted that in BIN can be equal to 1 only in case of pure
composition.
38
The step-by-step procedure for obtaining the scaling factor is as follows:
z SK
1. z SF = × zc .
z Expt .
2. A regression analysis of the reduced pressure and ZSK scaled z-factor (based on
step 1) is performed to obtain a quadratic expression for scaling factor at each
temperature of the mixture. The equation describing it is Equation 3.78.
3. The coefficients a0, a1 and a2 for each mixture is collected and is subjected to
linear regression analysis.
4. The general expressions for these coefficients are obtained by performing
regression analysis as functions of product of molecular weight and acentric
factor (ωMw).
5. The equations describing the final expressions are presented below.
SF = a 0 + a1PR + a 2 PR2 (3.92)
where
0.31
a0 =
1.04518 − 0.15675(ωM w ) (3.93)
9.40E − 05
a1 =
1.2722E − 02 − 4.4852E − 03(ωM w ) (3.94)
− 3.54E − 04
a2 =
0.83084 − 0.41702(ωM w ) (3.95)
The prediction results using the scaling factor technique is presented below. More
results on this can be seen in the Section C.1 of Appendix C.
39
1.42
Expt.
SK
1.32
Scaled
1.22
1.12
Z-Factor
1.02
0.92
0.82
0.72
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000
Pressure (Psia)
Figure 3.3: Scaled Z-Factor for Buxton & Campbell Data (Mix-5) at 160 oF.
1.41
Expt.
1.31
SK
Scaled
1.21
1.11
Z-Factor
1.01
0.91
0.81
0.71
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000
Pressure (psia)
Figure 3.4: Scaled Z-Factor for Buxton and Campbell Data (Mix-5) at 130 oF.
40
1.35
Expt.
1.25 SK
Scaled
1.15
1.05
Z-Factor
0.95
0.85
0.75
0.65
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000
Pressure (Psia)
Figure 3.5: Scaled Z-Factor for Buxton and Campbell Data (Mix-5) at 100 oF.
1.2
Expt.
Scaled
1.1 SK
Z-Factor
0.9
0.8
0 3 6 9 12
Pressure (Psia)
Figure 3.6: Scaled Z-Factor for Satter Data (Mix-E) at 160 oF.
41
3.5Designed pR/z Versus Z-Factor Chart
This section provides a clear view of an ideal z-chart and the eventually the
capability of predicting amount of gas produced by a graphical means. Figure 3.5 is a z-
chart developed based on computation techniques developed based on a correlation
developed for SK Z-Chart.
1.1
0.9
Tr=1.0
Tr=1.05
Tr=1.1
Z-Factor Values
Tr=1.2
0.7 Tr=1.3
Tr=1.4
Tr=1.5
Tr=1.6
Tr=1.7
Tr=2.0
0.5 Tr=2.2
Tr=2.4
Tr=2.6
Tr=2.8
Tr=3.0
Tr=1.8
0.3 Tr=1.9
Tr=1.15
TR = 1.0 Tr=1.25
Tr=1.35
Tr=1.45
0.1
0 2 4 6 8
Reduced Pressure
42
Tr=1.0
Tr=1.05
1.00
Tr=1.1
Tr=1.15
Tr=1.2
Tr=1.25
0.80
Tr=1.30
Tr=1.35
Tr=1.40
Tr=1.45
Z-Factor
0.60
Tr=1.50
Tr=1.6
Tr=1.7
0.40 Tr=1.8
Tr=1.9
Tr=2.0
Tr=2.2
0.20 Tr=2.4
TR=1.0
Tr=2.6
Tr=2.8
Tr=3.0
0.00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
PR/z
Standing-Katzl
1.3
Scaledt
1.2
1.1
Z-Factor
0.9
0.8
0.7
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000
Pressure (psia)
Figure 3.9: Scaled Z-Factor Buxton & Campbell, Mix-2 Result, @ T = 130 oF.
43
1.3
Exp
Standing-Katz
Scaled
1.2
1.1
Z-Factor
0.9
0.8
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000
Pressure (psia)
Figure 3.10: Scaled Z-Factor Buxton & Campbell, Mix-2 Result, @ T = 100 oF.
1.26
Exp
Standing-Katzl
Scaled
1.16
1.06
Z-Factor
0.96
0.86
0.76
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000
Pressure (psia)
Figure 3.11: Scaled Z-Factor Buxton & Campbell, Mix-3 Result, @ T = 100 oF.
44
45
3.7 Prediction Results for Z-Factor of Reservoir Gases
Scaling is done based on the law of corresponding states principle as follows:
⎡ Z Scaled ⎤ ⎡ Z SK ⎤
⎢ ⎥ = ⎢ SF ⎥ (3.96).
⎣ Z c ⎦ PR ,TR ⎣ Z ⎦ PR ,TR
46
Table 3.4: Highly Sour Gas Composition (Elsharkawy71).
Serial No. 57
47
Table 3.5: Carbon Dioxide Rich Gas Composition (Elsharkawy71).
Serial No. 124 Carbon Dioxide Rich Gas
48
Table 3.6: Very Light Gas Composition (Elsharkawy71).
Very light gas
125
Serial No.
IND 933 934 935 936 937 938 939
H2S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
CO2 0.0033 0.0033 0.0034 0.0035 0.0035 0.0036 0.0038
N2 0.0032 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033
C1 0.942 0.9438 0.9451 0.9461 0.9468 0.9473 0.9467
C2 0.0231 0.023 0.023 0.0231 0.0232 0.0233 0.0236
C3 0.0082 0.0082 0.0082 0.0082 0.0082 0.0082 0.0083
iC4 0.0023 0.0023 0.0023 0.0023 0.0023 0.0023 0.0023
nC4 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 0.0026
iC5 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012
nC5 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0009
nC6 0.0014 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0012 0.0013
C7+ 0.012 0.0103 0.0089 0.0077 0.0069 0.0063 0.006
Mw+ 143 133 126 120 116 114 114
Sg+ 0.787 0.777 0.769 0.763 0.76 0.758 0.758
Pc C7+, psia 390.5 409.7 423.9 438.6 450.5 456.2 456.2
Tc C7+, oR 1142.1 1114.1 1093.0 1075.4 1064.3 1058.3 1058.3
o
T( F) 209 209 209 209 209 209 209
P (psia) 4786 4000 3300 2600 1900 1300 700
Z (Expt.) 1.019 0.974 0.945 0.933 0.933 0.947 0.969
ρ(lb/cu.ft.) 12.13 10.42 8.76 6.92 5.03 3.37 1.78
ZSK 1.1235 1.0726 1.0375 1.0119 0.9955 0.9884 0.9883
ZScaled(This Work) 1.0007 0.9565 0.9310 0.9179 0.9170 0.9264 0.9458
49
Table 3.7: Property Prediction for Gas Composition Data (Elsharkawy71).
Data No. T,oR P,psia TR PR Tc, oR Pc, psia Zc ZExpt
Rich Gas Condensate
281 773 6010 1.6602 9.545 465.6188 629.6467 0.3137 1.212
282 773 5100 2.346 9.9547 329.4974 512.3187 0.3111 1.054
283 773 4100 2.679 8.5429 288.5443 479.9311 0.3093 0.967
284 773 3000 2.8195 6.3235 274.1664 474.4191 0.3079 0.927
285 773 2000 2.8615 4.2224 270.1407 473.6642 0.3077 0.93
286 773 1200 2.8533 2.5324 270.9140 473.8606 0.3083 0.952
287 773 700 2.7923 1.4711 276.8299 475.8504 0.3095 0.97
Highly Sour Gas
439 710 4190 1.4904 5.6376 476.3853 743.2255 0.3176 0.838
440 710 3600 1.8906 5.459 375.5364 659.4605 0.317 0.806
441 710 3000 2.0593 4.7129 344.7844 636.5490 0.3167 0.799
442 710 2400 2.156 3.8496 329.3079 623.4470 0.3163 0.809
443 710 1800 2.1873 2.8831 324.5952 624.3326 0.3162 0.842
444 710 1200 2.1462 1.8854 330.8097 636.4649 0.3161 0.888
445 710 700 2.0284 1.0567 350.0302 662.4678 0.3161 0.935
CO2 Rich Gas
926 679 4825 1.3607 5.5574 499.0157 868.2062 0.3012 0.851
927 679 4100 1.4475 4.8577 469.0735 844.0239 0.3014 0.777
928 679 3300 1.5372 3.9986 441.7072 825.2834 0.3013 0.72
929 679 2600 1.6176 3.2057 419.766 811.0509 0.3016 0.719
930 679 1900 1.6622 2.3661 408.4864 803.0142 0.3016 0.775
931 679 1200 1.6632 1.4895 408.2512 805.6412 0.3011 0.851
932 679 700 1.6418 0.8669 413.5822 807.5066 0.3006 0.915
Very Light Gas
933 669 4786 2.3565 8.9693 283.8983 533.5994 0.2935 1.019
934 669 4000 2.3535 7.4526 284.2594 536.7226 0.2933 0.974
935 669 3300 2.3506 6.1209 284.603 539.1324 0.2932 0.945
936 669 2600 2.3480 4.8043 284.9245 541.1855 0.2931 0.933
937 669 1900 2.3460 3.5019 285.1668 542.5596 0.2930 0.933
938 669 1300 2.3445 2.3914 285.3522 543.6069 0.2930 0.947
939 669 700 2.3454 1.288 285.2353 543.4760 0.2930 0.969
50
1.15
Expt.
SK
Scaled
1.1
1.05
Z-Factor
0.95
0.9
0 2 4 6 8 10
Pressure (Psia)
Expt.
SK
Scaled
0.9
Z-Factor
0.8
0.7
0 2 4 6
Pressure (Psia)
Figure 3.13: Scaled Z-Factor for Carbon Dioxide Rich Gas Composition.
51
1.4
1.2
0.8
Z-Factor
0.6
0.4
Expt.
SK
0.2
Scaled
0
1 3 5 7 9 11
Pressure (Psia)
0.95
Z-Factor
0.9
0.85
Expt.
SK
Scaled
0.8
0 2 4 6
Pressure (Psia)
52
CHAPTER 4
EQUATIONS OF STATE
53
existing EOS and other methods of predicting EOS parameters is that they cannot predict
properties of components heavier than approximately C20.
Eight equations of state have been chosen which are commonly used in the
reservoir simulation and calculation purposes in the petroleum industry. Each of these
equations of state has been thoroughly examined in their ability to be able to predict z-
factor both for pure substances and gas mixtures (including natural gases and sour natural
gases with significant amounts of C7+). It is observed that the prediction of z-factor is
significantly dependent on the accuracy of the critical properties supplied/predicted.
Based on this observation, LLS29 EOS was observed to be capable of predicting accurate
critical properties for gas mixtures and therefore, more accurate z-factor prediction is
possible with this method for a wide range of pressures and temperatures and for any gas
composition. Hence, LLS EOS method can be adopted as a universal method for z-factor
determination.
RT a (T )
P= − 2 (4.1)
V − b V + αbV − βb 2
where
1 + Ω w Zc − 3Zc
α= (4.2)
Ω w Zc
Ω a = (1 + (Ω w − 1) Zc ) 3 (4.4)
R 2Tc2
a = Ωa (4.5)
Pc
Ω b RTc (4.6)
b=
Pc
54
Z-Form of the EOS:
Φ 3 Z 3 + Φ 2 Z 2 + Φ1 Z + Φ 0 = 0 (4.7)
where,
Φ 3 = 1.0 Φ 2 = −[1 + (1 − α)B]
[
Φ1 = A − αB − (β + α)B2 ]
Φ 0 = − ⎡AB − β(B2 + B3 ) ⎤
where,
a (T ) P bP
A= , B=
R 2T 2 RT .
Mixing Rules:
1 1
a m = ∑∑ x i x ja i 2 a j 2 a ij (4.8)
i j
3
⎡ 1 ⎤
b m = ⎢∑ x i bi 3 ⎥ (4.9)
⎣ i ⎦
ωi
a ij = for ωi ≤ ω j (4.10)
ωj
ωj
a ij = for ωi > ω j (4.11)
ωi
α m = ∑∑ x i x jα i 2 α j 2 (α i α j )
1 1 0.5
(4.12)
i j
β m = ∑∑ x i x jβ i 2 β j 2 (β i β j )
1 1 0.5
(4.13)
i j
a ij = (a i a j ) = (α i α j ) = (β i β j ) (4.14)
55
4.3 van der Waal Equation of State
van der Waals4 proposed the first cubic EOS in 1873. The van der Waals EOS
gives a simple, qualitatively accurate relation between pressure, temperature, and molar
volume. It can be mathematically expressed as:
RT a
p= − 2 (4.15)
V−b V
where a = attraction parameter
b = repulsion parameter
as compared to the ideal gas law, van der Waals EOS provides two important
improvements. First, the prediction of liquid behavior is more accurate because volume
approaches a limiting value, b, at high pressures,
lim V(p) = b (4.16)
p→∞
⎛ ∂p ⎞ ⎛ ∂ 2p ⎞
⎜ ⎟ = ⎜⎜ 2 ⎟⎟ =0 (4.17)
⎝ ∂V ⎠ pc ,Tc ,Vc ⎝ ∂V ⎠ pc ,Tc ,Vc
Martin and Hou show that this constraint is equivalent to the condition (z − z c ) = 0 at
3
1 RTc
and b = (4.18)
8 pc
3
The critical compressibility results in z c = = 0.375 .
8
56
van der Waals EOS in terms of z can be written as:
z 3 − (B + 1)z 2 + Az − AB = 0 (4.19)
p 27 p R
where A = a = (4.20)
(RT ) 64 TR2
2
p 1 pR
B=b = (4.21)
RT 8 TR
vdW EOS has a fixed zc (=0.375) for all components which is not true and no
temperature function which is a drawback of vdW EOS.
RTc
b = Ωb (4.25)
pc
where
57
Ω a = 0.42748
Ω b = 0.08664
Equating Equation 4.18 with Equation 4.21 gives
p c Vc = 0.333RTc (4.26)
The above expression shows that Redlich-Kwong EOS produces a universal critical
compressibility factor (Zc) of 0.333 for all substances.
Replacing the molar volume V in Equation 4.20 with ZRT/p gives
p
A=a
R T2
2
(4.27)
bp
B= (4.28).
RT
Redlich and Kwong extended the application of their equation to hydrocarbon
liquid or gas mixtures by employing the following mixing rules:
2
⎡n ⎤
a m = ⎢∑ x i a i0.5 ⎥ (4.29)
⎣ i =1 ⎦
⎡n ⎤
b m = ⎢∑ x i b i ⎥ (4.30)
⎣ i =1 ⎦
The Redlich-Kwong value of zc=1/3 is reasonable for lighter hydrocarbons but is
unsatisfactory for heavier components.
58
where α is a dimensionless factor which becomes unity at T = Tc. At temperatures
other than critical temperature, the parameter α is defined by the following expression:
α = (1 + m(1 − Tr0.5 )) 2 (4.32)
The parameter m is correlated with the acentric factor, to give
m = 0.480 + 1.574ω − 0.176ω 2 (4.33)
where ω is the acentric factor of the substance.
For any pure component, the constants a and b in Equation 4.31 are found by
imposing the classical van der Waals’ critical point constraints (Equation 4.17), on
Equation 4.31 and solving the resulting equations, to give
R 2 Tc2
a = Ωa
pc (4.34)
RTc
b = Ωb
pc (4. 35)
where Ωa and Ωb are the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) dimensionless pure component
parameters and have the following values:
Ωa = 0.42747 (4.36)
Ωa = 0.08664 (4.37)
The Z-Form of the Equation 4.31 is:
Z 3 − Z 2 + (A − B − B 2 ) Z − AB = 0 (4.38)
where
A=
(aα )p
(RT) 2 (4.39)
bp
B= (4.40)
RT
To use the Equation 4.38 with mixtures, the following mixing rules were proposed by
Soave:
(a α )m ∑ ∑ [x x j (a i a j α i α j ) (k ]
− 1) (4.41)
0 .5
= i ij
i j
59
b m = ∑ [x i b i ]
i (4.42)
with
A=
(aα )m p (4.43)
(RT ) 2
bmp
B= (4.44)
RT
The parameter kij is an empirically determined correction factor called the binary
interaction coefficient, characterizing the binary formed by component i and component j
in the hydrocarbon mixture.
( )
k ij = 0.08058 − 0.77215k ij∞ − 1.8407 k ij∞
2
( )
k ij = 0.17985 + 2.6958k ij∞ + 10853 k ij∞
2
60
k ij∞ = −(ε i − ε j ) 2 /(2ε i ε j ) (4.46)
and
ε i = (a i log e (2)) 0.5 / b i (4.47).
The major drawback in the SRK EOS is that the critical compressibility factor
takes on the unrealistic universal critical compressibility of 0.333 for all substances.
Consequently, the molar volumes are typically overestimated, i.e., densities are
underestimated.
RTc
b = Ωb
pc (4.51)
where
Ω a = 0.45724
Ω b = 0.07780 .
61
This equation predicts a universal critical gas compressibility factor of 0.307 compared to
0.333 for the SRK model. Peng and Robinson also adopted Soave’s approach for
calculating the parameter α:
α = (1 + m(1 − TR0.5 )) 2 (4.52)
b m = ∑ x i bi (4.57)
i
62
⎛ RT ⎞
b = Ω b ⎜⎜ c ⎟⎟ (4.60)
⎝ pc ⎠
where
Ω a = (1 − ζ c (1 − β c )) 3 (4.61)
Ω b = βcξc (4.62)
The βc is given by the smallest positive root of the following equation:
(6ω + 1)β3c + 3β c2 + 3β c − 1 = 0 (4. 63)
and
1
ξc = (4.64)
3(1 + β c ω)
∂ 2p
=0 (4.67)
∂VT2C
p c Vc
= ξc (4.68)
RTc
Patel and Teja pointed out that the third parameter c in the equation allows the
empirical parameter ξc to be chosen freely. Application of Equation 4.66 to Equation 4.67
yields:
63
R 2 Tc2
a = Ωa [1 + m(1 − TR0.5 )]2 (4.69)
pc
RTc
b = Ωb (4.70)
pc
RTc
c = Ωc (4.71)
pc
where
Ω c = 1 − 3ξ c (4.72)
64
[
a m = ∑∑ x i x j (a i a j ) 0.5 (1 − k ij ) ] (4.82)
b m = ∑ [x i bi ] (4.83)
i
cm = ∑ [x i ci ] (4.84)
i
65
4.10 Transformed Cubic Equations to the LLS EOS Form
Lawal-Lake-Silberberg EOS is represented as:
RT a (T )
P= − 2
V − b V + αbV − β b 2 (4.1)
It is the most general form of the EOSs described in this study. This can be
observed by substituting the values of α and β with numerical constants as described in
the Table 4.1.
66
RT a (T )
P= − 2
V − b V + αbV − β b 2 (4.1)
V
Multiply on both sides of Equation 4.1 by , we get
RT
V
a (T )
V RT V RT
P = −
RT V − b RT V 2 + αbV − βb 2 (4.86)
Real Gas Equation: PV = ZRT (4.87)
Using the real gas law, Equation 4.86 becomes,
a (T ) V
V RT
Z= −
V − b V 2 + αbV − β b 2 (4.88)
ZRT
Simplifying Equation 4.88 using the real gas law: V = ,
P
a (T) ZRT
P
1 RT
Z= −
1−
b (ZRT )2 +
αbZRT
− βP 2
ZRT P2 P
P (4.89)
Further simplifying Equation 4.89,
a (T) ZRT
P P2
1 RT
Z= −
bp ( ZRT ) 2
+ α ZbPRT − β(bP) 2
1−
RTZ (4.90)
a (T ) P
A=
Defining (RT )2 (4.91)
bP
B=
and RT (4.92)
1
Using these definitions in Equation 4.90 and dividing the 2nd part of RHS by ,we
(RT )2
get,
67
a (T ) P
Z
Z=
1
−
(RT )2
B ( ZRT) 2 αZbPRT β(bP) 2
1− + −
Z (RT )2 (RT )2 (RT )2 (4.93)
68
The reduced compressibility factor (ZR) equation for pure substances can be
derived from Equation 4.1 by dividing the expression of Equation 4.100 by Zc:
1 + Ω w Zc − 3Zc
α=
Ω w Zc (4.100)
θ 3 Z 3R + θ 2 Z 2R + θ1 Z R + θ 0 = 0 (4.101)
where
θ3 = 1
⎛ 1 Ω P ⎞
θ 2 = − ⎜⎜ + (1 − α) b R ⎟⎟
⎝ Zc Z c TR ⎠
⎛ Ω P Ω P ⎧ Ω P ⎫
2
⎞
θ1 = ⎜ 2 2+ θc − α 2
a R b R
− ( α + β) ⎨ b R
⎬
⎟
⎜ Z c TR Z c TR ⎩ c R ⎭ ⎟⎠
Z T
⎝
⎛ Ω Ω P2 ⎡ 1 ⎧ Ω P ⎫ 2 ⎧ Ω P ⎫3 ⎤ ⎞
θ 0 = − 3 3+ θ c − β ⎢ ⎨ b R ⎬ + ⎨ b R ⎬ ⎥ ⎟
⎜ a b R
⎜ ZT ⎢⎣ Z c ⎩ Z c TR ⎭ ⎩ Z c TR ⎭ ⎥⎦ ⎟⎠
⎝ c R
The reduced compressibility factor (ZR) equation for mixtures can be derived
from Equation 4.101 by replacing pure substance parameters with mixture parameters:
θ3 = 1
⎛ 1 BP ⎞
θ 2 = − ⎜⎜ + (1 − α m ) c R ⎟⎟
⎝ Zc Z c TR ⎠
⎛ A P B P ⎧ B P ⎫
2
⎞
θ1 = ⎜ 2 2+ θm − α m 2 − (α m + β m )⎨
c R c R c R
⎬
⎟
⎜ Z c TR Z c TR ⎩ c R ⎭ ⎟⎠
Z T
⎝
⎛ A B P2 ⎡ 1 ⎧ B P ⎫ 2 ⎧ B P ⎫3 ⎤ ⎞
θ 0 = − 3 3+ θ m − β m ⎢ ⎨ c R ⎬ + ⎨ c R ⎬ ⎥ ⎟
⎜ c c R
⎜Z T ⎢⎣ Z c ⎩ Z c TR ⎭ ⎩ Z c TR ⎭ ⎥⎦ ⎟⎠
⎝ c R (4.102)
69
A c = (α m + β m )B c2 + α m B c + 3Z c2 (4.103)
θ 3 Z 3c + θ 2 Z c2 + θ1 Z c + θ 0 = 0 (4.104)
where
θ 3 = 8 + 12α m + 6α 2m + α 3m
θ 2 = − (3 + 12α m + 12α 2m + 9β m − 9α m β m )
θ1 = 3α m + 6α 2m + 6β m − 6α m β m
θ 0 = − (α 2m + β m − α m β m )
φ 3 B 3c + φ 2 B c2 + φ1 B c + φ 0 = 0 (4.105)
where
φ 3 = 8 + 12α m + 6α 2m + α 3m
φ 2 = 15 + 15α m − 27β m − 3α 2m
φ1 = 6 + 3α m
φ 0 = −1
The expressions for mixture critical pressure and temperature are thereby established in
Equations 4.99 and 4.102
am B c2
Pc = 2
b m [3Z c2 + (α m + β m )B c2 + α m B c ] (4.106)
am Bc
Tc =
b m R[3Z c + (α m + β m )B c2 + α m B c ]
2
(4.107)
70
Z-Factor Comparison Graph (Expt. vs. LLS-EOS)
1.35
1.25
1.15
Z-Factor
1.05
LLS 560 R
LLS 680 R
0.95 LLS 920 R
Expt. T=560
Expt. T=680
0.85
Expt. T=920
0.75
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
Pressure, P (Psia)
1.13
1.03
0.93
0.83
Z-Factor
0.73
LLS 680 R
Expt. T=560
0.43
Expt. T=680
Expt. T=920
0.33
0.23
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
Pressure, P (Psia)
71
Z-Factor Comparison Graph (Expt. vs. LLS-EOS)
1.45
1.35
Z-Factor
1.25
LLS 560 R
LLS 680 R
1.15
LLS 920 R
Expt. T=560
Expt. T=920
0.95
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
Pressure, P (Psia)
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
Z-Factor
1.2
1.1
VdW-EOS T=100 F
1 VdW-EOS T=220 F
VdW-EOS T=460 F
100 F EXP
0.9
220 F EXP
460 F EXP
0.8
0.7
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Pressure (psia)
72
1.6
Z-Factor Comparison (Expt. Vs. vdW-EOS)
1.4
1.2
1
Z-Factor
0.8
VdW-EOS T=100 F
0.6
VdW-EOS T=220 F
VdW-EOS T=460 F
100 F EXP
0.4
220 F EXP
460 F EXP
0.2
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Pressure, (psia)
73
• The binary interaction coefficient matrix is symmetric:
ki,j = kj,i
TB
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000
Pressure (Psia)
74
Z-Factor Comparison Chart at 70 oF (Simon et. al.)
1.0
Expt. Measured
Corresponding states
0.9 BWR EOS
VdW
LLS
0.8 PR
PT
RK
0.7 SRK
SW
Z-Factor
TB
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800
Pressure (Psia)
0.7 TB
0.6 VdW
RK
SRK
0.5 PT
PR
LLS
0.4
0.3
1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000
Pressure (Psia)
75
Z-Factor Comparison Chart at 120 oF (Simon et. al.)
1.2
Expt. Measured
Corresponding states
1.1 BWR EOS
VdW
LLS
1.0 PR
PT
0.9 RK
SRK
SW
Z-Factor
0.8 TB
TB
0.7
VdW
0.6
SRK
PT
0.5 LLS PR
0.4
0.3
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Pressure (Psia)
76
4.15 Prediction Results for Z-Factor of Natural Gases
Buxton-Campbell CO2-N2-C1-C2-C3
77
4.15.1 Results for Excelsior Laboratory Data
78
1.20
Lab. vdW
LLS PR
PT RK
1.09
SRK SW
Z-Factor
0.98
0.87
0.76
715 1235 1755 2275 2795 3315
Pressure(psia)
Figure 4.10: Z-Factor for Sweet Natural Gas, Data from Excelsior 6 (FPP) at 581 oR
Expt. Measured
1.0 Corresponding states
BWR EOS
VdW
0.9 LLS
PR
TB
PT
0.8 RK
SRK
SW
Z-Factor
TB
0.7
0.6 VdW
RK
SRK
0.5 PT
PR
LLS
0.4
0.3
1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000
Pressure (Psia)
79
o
Z-Factor Comparison Chart at 120 F (Simon et. al.)
1.2
Expt. Measured
Corresponding states
1.1 BWR EOS
VdW
LLS
1.0 PR
PT
0.9 RK
SRK
SW
Z-Factor
0.8 TB
TB
0.7
VdW
0.6
SRK
PT
0.5 LLS PR
0.4
0.3
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Pressure (Psia)
PE Lab.
0.8
Z-Factor
0.7
0.6
0.5
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Pressure, psia
Figure 4.13: 75% CO2 - Dry Gas at 100 oF for CO2 Sequestration.
80
1
LLS
PE Lab.
0.95
Z-Factor
0.9
0.85
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Pressure, psia
Figure 4.14: 25% CO2 - Dry Gas at 160 oF for CO2 Sequestration.
T (210
o
P (Psia) F)
4496 0.93
4815 0.948
4515 0.966
5015 0.984
5215 1.003
5515 1.032
6015 1.061
CO2 H2S N2
Total Acid Gas
0.0318 0.0704 0.0401 0.1022
C1 C2 C3 IC4 NC4 IC5 NC5 C6 C7+
0.7069 0.0303 0.0209 0.0057 0.0109 0.006 0.0057 0.0093 0.046
C7+ Mole. Sp. Gr. 0.785
Fraction Wt. 131
81
1.7
Expt.
VdW
LLS
PR
PT
VdW
RK
1.5
SRK
SW
Z-Factor
RK
SRK
1.3
PT
SW
PR
1.1
LLS
0.9
4400 4700 5000 5300 5600 5900 6200
Pressure (Psia)
Figure 4.15: Z-Factor for sour natural gas, data from Excelsior 6 (FPP) at 581 oR
1.6
Expt.
VdW-EOS
1.4
LLS-EOS
PR-EOS
PT-EOS
1.2
RK-EOS
SRK-EOS
SW-EOS
1.0
Z-Factor
TB-EOS
TB
VdW
0.8
SRK
0.6 RK
SW
PR
PT LLS
0.4
0.2
2014 2514 3014 3514 4014 4514 5014
Pressure (Psia)
Figure 4.16: Z-Factor comparison for sour natural gas mixture at 84 oF.
82
Shell Marmattan 10-33 @ 73 oF
1.6
Expt.
VdW-EOS
1.4 LLS-EOS
PR-EOS
PT-EOS
RK-EOS
1.2
SRK-EOS
SW-EOS TB
Z-Factor
TB-EOS
1.0
VdW
0.8 SRK
RK
SW
PR
PT
0.6 LLS
0.4
2014 2514 3014 3514 4014 4514 5014
Pressure (Psia)
Figure 4.17: Z-Factor comparison for sour natural gas mixture at 73 oF.
Sutte Plant, H,P Injection Line
1.23
VdW
Expt. SW
1.18 LLS TB
PR
PT
1.13 RK PT
RK
SRK
SW
1.08 SRK
TB
Z-Factor
VdW
1.03 PR
0.98 LLS
0.93
0.88
0.83
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
Pressure (Psia)
Figure 4.18: Z-Factor comparison for sour natural gas mixture at 198 oF.
83
Fina WindFall Processing Plant (510 oR)
1.12
VdW
1.02 TB
SW SRK
0.92
PR
Z-Factor
RK LLS
0.82
PT
Expt.
0.72
LLS-EOS
VdW-EOS
0.62 PR-EOS
RK-EOS
SRK-EOS
0.52 PT-EOS
SW-EOS
TB-EOS
0.42
1014 1514 2014 2514 3014 3514 4014 4514 5014
Pressure (Psia)
Figure 4.19: Z-Factor comparison for sour natural gas mixture at 50 oF.
o
Fina WindFall Processing Plant (560 R)
1.18
TB VdW
1.08
SW SRK
0.98
RK
Z-Factor
LLS
0.88 PR
PT
Expt.
LLS-EOS
0.78 VdW-EOS
PR-EOS
RK-EOS
SRK-EOS
0.68
PT-EOS
SW-EOS
TB-EOS
0.58
1014 1514 2014 2514 3014 3514 4014 4514 5014
Pressure (Psia)
Figure 4.20: Z-Factor comparison for sour natural gas mixture at 100 oF.
84
Fina WindFall Processing Plant (585 oR)
1.19
TB VdW
1.09
SW SRK
0.99
RK
Z-Factor
LLS
0.89 PT
PR
Expt.
LLS-EOS
0.79 VdW-EOS
PR-EOS
RK-EOS
SRK-EOS
0.69
PT-EOS
SW-EOS
TB-EOS
0.59
1014 1514 2014 2514 3014 3514 4014 4514 5014
Pressure (Psia)
Figure 4.21: Z-Factor comparison for sour natural gas mixture at 125 oF.
Fina WindFall Processing Plant (610 oR)
1.20
1.15
1.10 TB VdW
1.05
SW SRK
1.00
RK
Z-Factor
0.95
PT
0.90 LLS
PR Expt.
LLS-EOS
0.85 VdW-EOS
PR-EOS
0.80 RK-EOS
SRK-EOS
PT-EOS
0.75
SW-EOS
TB-EOS
0.70
1014 1514 2014 2514 3014 3514 4014 4514 5014
Pressure (Psia)
Figure 4.22: Z-Factor comparison for sour natural gas mixture at 150 oF.
85
o
Fina WindFall Processing Plant (635 R)
1.24
Expt.
1.19 LLS-EOS
VdW-EOS
PR-EOS VdW
1.14 TB
RK-EOS
SRK-EOS
1.09
PT-EOS
SRK
SW-EOS SW
1.04 RK
TB-EOS
Z-Factor
0.99
0.94 PT
LLS
PR
0.89
0.84
0.79
0.74
1014 1514 2014 2514 3014 3514 4014 4514 5014
Pressure (Psia)
Figure 4.23: Z-Factor comparison for sour natural gas mixture at 175 oF.
Fina WindFall Processing Plant (660 oR)
1.24
Expt.
1.19 LLS-EOS
VdW-EOS
PR-EOS VdW
1.14 TB
RK-EOS
SRK-EOS
1.09
PT-EOS
SW SRK
SW-EOS
1.04 TB-EOS
RK
Z-Factor
0.99
PT
0.94 LLS
PR
0.89
0.84
0.79
0.74
1014 1514 2014 2514 3014 3514 4014 4514 5014
Pressure (Psia)
Figure 4.24: Z-Factor comparison for sour natural gas mixture at 200 oF.
86
o
Fina WindFall Processing Plant (679 R)
1.24
Expt.
1.19 LLS-EOS
VdW-EOS
PR-EOS VdW
1.14 TB
RK-EOS
SRK-EOS
1.09
PT-EOS SRK
SW-EOS SW
1.04 RK
TB-EOS
Z-Factor
0.99
PT
0.94 LLS
PR
0.89
0.84
0.79
0.74
1014 1514 2014 2514 3014 3514 4014 4514 5014
Pressure (Psia)
Figure 4.25: Z-Factor comparison for sour natural gas mixture at 219 oF.
o
Fina WindFall Processing Plant (710 R)
1.24
Expt.
LLS-EOS
1.19 VdW-EOS
PR-EOS
TB VdW
RK-EOS
1.14
SRK-EOS
PT-EOS
1.09 SW-EOS SRK
TB-EOS SW
Z-Factor
RK
1.04
0.99 PT
LLS
0.94 PR
0.89
0.84
1014 1514 2014 2514 3014 3514 4014 4514 5014
Pressure (Psia)
Figure 4.26: Z-Factor comparison for sour natural gas mixture at 250 oF.
87
4.15.4 Results for Elsharkawy Gas Data
88
Table 4.5 (Contd.)
Component Mole Fraction
IND 1275 1277 1280 1714 1788 1866
H2S 0.068 0.1078 0.1826 0.2327 0.273 0.5137
CO2 0.0209 0.0616 0.0866 0.0287 0.0451 0.0319
N2 0.1019 0.004 0.0037 0.0304 0.0061 0.0258
C1 0.6857 0.7414 0.5213 0.5601 0.6459 0.4241
C2 0.059 0.0327 0.1165 0.082 0.0084 0.0024
C3 0.0282 0.0121 0.0142 0.0345 0.0093 0.0007
iC4 0.0047 0.0022 0.0039 0.0085 0.0027 0.0002
nC4 0.0116 0.0061 0.0083 0.011 0.002 0.0003
iC5 0.0085 0.0057 0.0095 0 0.002 0.0002
nC5 0 0 0 0.0071 0.001 0.0001
nC6 0.0035 0.0046 0.0103 0.0028 0.0012 0.0002
C7+ 0.008 0.0218 0.0431 0.0022 0.0032 0.0004
Mw+ 125 125 125 145 103 120
Sg+ 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.85 0.7 0.75
Tc C7+, oR 1074.0 1074.02 1074.0 1202.56 983.27 1063.8
Pc C7+, psia 405.26 405.26 405.26 394.76 272.93 422.82
T (oF) 157 189 216 120 250 230
P (psia) 2347 5065 5385 1000 5014 3514
Z (Expt.) 0.823 0.95 0.942 0.802 0.931 0.711
LLS (This Study) 0.9151 1.0328 0.9984 0.8768 1.0095 0.8330
89
4.15.5 Results for Elsharkawy Miscellaneous Data
90
Table 4.6 (Contd.)
Highly Sour Gas Condensate
Serial No. 439 440 441 442 443 444 445
H2S 0.282 0.277 0.272 0.27 0.273 0.289 0.318
CO2 0.0608 0.0644 0.0669 0.0685 0.0694 0.0699 0.0679
N2 0.0383 0.0455 0.0476 0.0473 0.0461 0.0434 0.0394
C1 0.4033 0.4382 0.4641 0.4807 0.4844 0.4688 0.4331
C2 0.0448 0.0471 0.0481 0.0487 0.0493 0.0496 0.0494
C3 0.0248 0.0243 0.0239 0.0237 0.0239 0.0252 0.0277
iC4 0.006 0.0055 0.0051 0.0049 0.0049 0.0055 0.0067
nC4 0.0132 0.012 0.0111 0.0106 0.0106 0.0114 0.014
iC5 0.0079 0.0068 0.006 0.0055 0.0053 0.0058 0.0074
nC5 0.0081 0.0069 0.006 0.0054 0.0052 0.0057 0.0071
nC6 0.0121 0.0096 0.0078 0.0066 0.006 0.0063 0.0077
C7+ 0.0991 0.063 0.0412 0.0286 0.0217 0.0192 0.0214
Mw+ 165 121 116 112 109 107 107
Sg+ 0.818 0.778 0.773 0.768 0.764 0.762 0.762
Pc C7+, 365.42 453.28 467.1 477.79 486.02 492.70 492.70
psia
Tc C7+, oR 1209.732 1090.741 1075.735 1062.661 1052.522 1046.28 1046.28
o
T ( F) 250 250 250 250 250 250 250
P (psia) 4190 3600 3000 2400 1800 1200 700
Z (Expt.) 0.838 0.806 0.799 0.809 0.842 0.888 0.935
ρ(lb/cu.ft.) 27.34 19.52 15.06 11.3 7.95 5.06 2.91
LLS (This
Study) 0.8055 0.8698 0.8837 0.8920 0.9009 0.9156 0.9361
91
Table 4.6 (Contd.)
Carbon Dioxide Rich Gas
Serial No. 926 927 928 929 930 931 932
H2S 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.004
CO2 0.6352 0.6395 0.6514 0.6579 0.6639 0.6706 0.6716
N2 0.0386 0.0399 0.041 0.0417 0.0421 0.0411 0.0388
C1 0.1937 0.1988 0.2008 0.207 0.2084 0.2037 0.1994
C2 0.0303 0.0307 0.0308 0.0309 0.0313 0.0315 0.0318
C3 0.0174 0.0172 0.017 0.0169 0.017 0.0175 0.0184
iC4 0.0033 0.0032 0.0031 0.003 0.003 0.0032 0.0035
nC4 0.0093 0.0088 0.0085 0.0082 0.0082 0.0088 0.0097
iC5 0.0039 0.0036 0.0033 0.0031 0.003 0.0033 0.0039
nC5 0.0047 0.0042 0.0038 0.0036 0.0035 0.0038 0.0046
nC6 0.0051 0.0049 0.0046 0.0042 0.0036 0.003 0.0034
C7+ 0.0551 0.0458 0.0324 0.0202 0.0127 0.0101 0.0113
Mw+ 170 153 139 128 118 110 106
Sg+ 0.811 0.797 0.783 0.773 0.763 0.755 0.751
Pc C7+, 347.8288 373.929 397.8203 421.6873 446.3173 469.4246 482.3509
psia
Tc C7+, 1211.601 1169.445 1131.005 1100.627 1071.227 1046.943 1034.515
o
R
T (oF) 219 219 219 219 219 219 219
P (psia) 4825 4100 3300 2600 1900 1200 700
Z (Expt.) 0.851 0.777 0.72 0.719 0.775 0.851 0.915
ρ(lb/cu.ft.) 34.88 30.9 25.58 19.39 12.87 7.38 4.03
LLS (This
Study) 0.7551 0.7276 0.7222 0.7483 0.7882 0.8437 0.8975
92
Table 4.6 (Contd.)
Very light gas
Serial No. 933 934 935 936 937 938 939
H2S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
CO2 0.0033 0.0033 0.0034 0.0035 0.0035 0.0036 0.0038
N2 0.0032 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033
C1 0.942 0.9438 0.9451 0.9461 0.9468 0.9473 0.9467
C2 0.0231 0.023 0.023 0.0231 0.0232 0.0233 0.0236
C3 0.0082 0.0082 0.0082 0.0082 0.0082 0.0082 0.0083
iC4 0.0023 0.0023 0.0023 0.0023 0.0023 0.0023 0.0023
nC4 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 0.0026
iC5 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012
nC5 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0009
nC6 0.0014 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0012 0.0013
C7+ 0.012 0.0103 0.0089 0.0077 0.0069 0.0063 0.006
Mw+ 143 133 126 120 116 114 114
Sg+ 0.787 0.777 0.769 0.763 0.76 0.758 0.758
Pc C7+, psia 390.4827 409.7106 423.93 438.5907 450.5163 456.162 456.162
Tc C7+, oR 1142.133 1114.075 1093.042 1075.419 1064.345 1058.3 1058.3
o
T ( F) 209 209 209 209 209 209 209
P (psia) 4786 4000 3300 2600 1900 1300 700
Z (Expt.) 1.019 0.974 0.945 0.933 0.933 0.947 0.969
ρ(lb/cu.ft.) 12.13 10.42 8.76 6.92 5.03 3.37 1.78
LLS (This Study) 1.0018 0.9569 0.9252 0.9046 0.8995 0.9113 0.9411
93
CHAPTER 5
5.1 Conclusions
This project establishes the need and a solution for a simple and robust technique
of predicting z-factor values for sour reservoir gases and natural reservoir gases.
94
5.2 Recommendations
The following points can be based for further studies:
1. design of a generalized chart for predicting the amount of gas produced,
2. improvement in the generalized scaling of z using Standing-Katz chart based on
law of corresponding principles.
95
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105
APPENDIX A
1 + Ω w Z c − 3Z c
α=
Ω w Zc (A.2)
Z (Ω w − 1) + 2Ω Z + (1 − 3Z c )Ω w
2 3 2
β= c w c
Ω Z 2
w c (A.3)
Ω a = (1 + (Ω w − 1) Z c ) 3
(A.4)
2 2
R T
a = Ωa c
Pc (A.5)
Ω b RTc
b=
Pc (A.6)
− θc
a (T) = aTR 2
(A.7)
where,
ω
θc = 0.309833 + 1.763758ω + 0.720661ω2 − 1.363589ω3 − 4.005783
Mw
(A.8)
where,
Φ 3 = 1.0 (A.10)
Φ 2 = −[1 + (1 − α)B] (A.11)
[
Φ1 = A − αB − (β + α )B2 ] (A.12)
Φ 0 = − ⎡AB − β( B 2 + B3 ) ⎤
(A.13)
106
a (T ) P
A=
R 2T 2 (A.14)
bP
B=
RT (A.15)
Mixing Rules
a m = ∑∑ x i x j a i 2 a j 2 a ij
1 1
i j
(A.16)
3
⎡ 1 ⎤
b m = ⎢∑ x i b i 3 ⎥
⎣ i ⎦ (A.17)
ωi
a ij = for ωi ≤ ω j
ωj
(A.18)
ωj
a ij = for ωi > ω j
ωi
(A.19)
α m = ∑∑ x i x jα i 2 α j 2 (α i α j )
1 1 0 .5
i j
(A.20)
β m = ∑∑ x i x jβ i 2 β j 2 (β i β j )
1 1 0 .5
i j
(A.21)
a ij = (a i a j ) = (α i α j ) = (β i β j )
(A.22)
107
Φ 3 Z 3 +Φ 2 Z 2 + Φ 1 Z + Φ 0 = 0
(A.30)
where,
Φ 3 = 1.0 (A.31)
Φ 2 = −[1 + (1 − α)B] = −[1 + B] (A.32)
[
Φ1 = A − αB − (β + α)B2 = [A] ] (A.33)
Φ 0 = − ⎡AB − β( B + B ) ⎤ = −[ AB]
2 3
(A.34)
where
a(T)P
A= 2 2
R T (A.35)
bP
B=
RT (A.36)
Mixing Rules:
a m = ∑∑ x i x ja i 2 a j 2 a ij
1 1
i j
(A.37)
b m = ∑ x i bi
i (A.38)
ωi
a ij = for ωi ≤ ω j
ωj
(A.39)
ωj
a ij = for ωi > ω j
ωi
(A.40)
α m = ∑∑ x i x j α i 2 α j 2 (α i α j )
1 1 0 .5
i j
(A.41)
β m = ∑∑ x i x jβ i 2 β j 2 (β i β j )
1 1 0 .5
i j
(A.42)
a ij = (a i a j ) = (α i α j ) = (β i β j )
(A.43)
108
α = 1.0 (A.45)
β = 0.0 (A.46)
Ω a = 0.42751 (A.47)
2 2
R T
a = 0.42747 c
Pc (A.48)
RTc
b = 0.08664
Pc (A.49)
1
a (T ) = a
TR
(A.50)
Mixing Rules
a m = ∑∑ x i x ja i 2 a j 2 a ij
1 1
i j
(A.58)
b m = ∑ x i bi
i (A.59)
ωi
a ij = for ωi ≤ ω j
ωj
(A.60)
ωj
a ij = for ωi > ω j
ωi
(A.61)
109
α m = ∑∑ x i x jα i 2 α j 2 (α i α j )
1 1 0 .5
i j
(A.62)
β m = ∑∑ x i x jβ i 2 β j 2 (β i β j )
1 1 0 .5
i j
(A.61)
a ij = (a i a j ) = (α i α j ) = (β i β j )
(A.62)
Pc (A.67)
RT
b = 0.08664 c
Pc (A.68)
a (T) = [1.0 + (0.48 + 1.574ω − 0.176ω )(1.0 − T )] a 2 0.5
R
2
(A.69)
110
ωi
a ij = for ωi ≤ ω j
ωj
(A.73)
ωj
a ij = for ωi > ω j
ωi
(A.74)
α m = ∑∑ x i x jα i 2 α j 2 (α i α j )
1 1 0 .5
i j
(A.75)
β m = ∑∑ x i x jβ i 2 β j 2 (β i β j )
1 1 0 .5
i j
(A.76)
a ij = (a i a j ) = (α i α j ) = (β i β j )
(A.77)
Pc (A.83)
RT
b = 0.07780 c
Pc (A.84)
a (T) = [1.0 + (0.37464 + 1.54226ω − 0.26992ω )(1.0 − T )] a
2 0.5
R
2
(A.85)
Z-Form of the PR-EOS
Φ 3 Z 3 + Φ 2 Z 2 + Φ1 Z + Φ 0 = 0
(A.86)
Φ 3 = 1.0
Φ 2 = − [1 − B]
Φ1 = [A − 2B − 3B 2 ]
Φ 0 = − [ AB − ( B 2 + B3 )]
a (T ) P bP
A= , B=
R 2T 2 RT
111
Mixing Rules
a m = ∑∑ x i x ja i 2 a j 2 a ij
1 1
i j
(A.87)
b m = ∑ x i bi
i (A.88)
ωi
a ij = for ωi ≤ ω j
ωj
(A.89)
ωj
a ij = for ωi > ω j
ωi
(A.90)
β m = ∑∑ x i x jβ i 2 β j 2 (β i β j )
1 1 0 .5
i j
(A.91)
a ij = (a i a j ) = (α i α j ) = (β i β j )
(A.92)
1
ζc =
3(1 + β c ω) (A.95)
Ω b = ζ cβ c (A.96)
Ω a = (1 − ξ c (1 − β c )) 3
(A.97)
R 2 Tc2
a = Ωa
Pc (A.98)
R.Tc
b = Ωb
Pc (A.99)
a (T) = aα(TR , k ) (A.100)
α (TR , k ) = (1 + k (TR , k 0 )(1 − TR )) 2
(A.101)
where,
k 0 = 0.465 + 1.347ω − 0.528ω2
(A.102)
112
(5TR − 3k 0 − 1) 2
k (TR , k 0 ) = k 0 + , for TR ≤ 1.0
70 (A.103)
k (TR , k 0 ) = k (1, k 0 ) for TR > 1.0
(A.104)
Z-Form of SW-EOS:
Z 3 − [1.0 + (1.0 − (1.0 + 3ω))B]Z 2 + [A − (1.0 + 3ω)B − (1 + 6ω)B 2 ]
− [AB − 3ω(B 2 + B 3 )] = 0 (A.105)
Φ1 : 1.0
Φ2 : − [1.0 + (1.0 − (1.0 + 3ω))B]
Φ0 : − [AB − 3ω(B 2 + B 3 )]
a (T ) P
A=
(RT ) 2
bP
B=
RT
Mixing Rules:
1 1
a m = ∑∑ x i x ja i 2 a j 2 a ij
i j
(A.106)
b m = ∑ x i bi
i (A.107)
ωi
a ij = for ωi ≤ ω j
ωj
(A.108)
ωj
a ij = for ωi > ω j
ωi
(A.109)
α m = 1 + 3ωm (A.110)
β m = −3ωm (A.111)
∑ x ω (M ) i i w i
ωm = i
x i (M w )i
(A.112)
where Mwi is the component’s molecular weight.
113
A.7 Patel-Teja Reduced Equation of State
RT a (T )
P= − 2
V − b V + (b + c)V − cb (A.113)
Z-Form of PT-EOS
Z3 − (1.0 − C) Z 2 + (A − 2BC − B2 − B − C) Z − [AB − (B + B2 )C] = 0 (A.114)
Φ1 : 1.0
Φ 2: -(1.0-C)
Φ 3: A − 2BC − B 2 − B − C
Φ 0: - AB + (B + B 2 )C
where,
α (TR ) = [1 + F(1 − TR1 / 2 )]2 (A.115)
F = 0.452413 + 1.30982 ω − 0.295937 ω 2
(A.116)
Z c = 0.329032 − 0.076799 ω + 0.0211947 ω 2
(A.117)
Ω c = 1− 3Zc (A.118)
Ω b , solve Ω + (2 − 3Z c )Ω + 3Z Ω b − Z = 0
3 2 2 3
b b c c (A.119)
2
Ω a = 3 Zc + 3(1 − 2Zc )Ω b + Ω + 1 − 3Zc 2
b (A.120)
pick the smallest positive root = Ω b
a m = ∑∑ x i x ja i 2 a j 2 a ij
1 1
i j
(A.122)
b m = ∑ x i bi
i (A.123)
cm = ∑ x ici
i (A.124)
114
ωi
a ij = for ωi ≤ ω j
ωj
(A.125)
ωj
a ij = for ωi > ω j
ωi
(A.126)
α m = ∑∑ x i x jα i 2 α j 2 (α i α j )
1 1 0 .5
i j
(A.127)
β m = ∑∑ x i x jβ i 2 β j 2 (β i β j )
1 1 0 .5
i j
(A.128)
a ij = (a i a j ) = (α i α j ) = (β i β j )
(A.129)
115
Ω c = 1.0 − 3.0ξ c (A.137)
Ω + ( 2 . 0 − 3 . 0ξ c ) Ω + 3. 0 ξ Ω b − ( Ω + ξ ) = 0
3 2 2 2 3
b b c d c (A.138)
Ω b = the smallest positive root in the above equation.
Ω a = 3ξ c2 + 2Ω b Ω c + Ω b + Ω c + Ω 2b + Ω d2
Vc
Ωd =
3 .0
Mixing Rules
1 1
a m = ∑∑ x i x ja i 2 a j 2 a ij
i j
(A.139)
b m = ∑∑ x i x j b i 2 b j 2 b ij
1 1
i j
1 1
c m = ∑∑ x i x j c i 2 c j 2 c ij
i j
ωi
a ij = for ωi ≤ ω j
ωj
ωj
a ij = for ωi > ω j
ωi
α m = ∑∑ x i x jα i 2 α j 2 (α i α j )
1 1 0 .5
i j
β m = ∑∑ x i x jβ i 2 β j 2 (β i β j )
1 1 0 .5
i j
a ij = b ij = c ij = (a i a j ) = (α i α j ) = (β i β j )
116
APPENDIX B
PSEUDOCRITICAL PARAMETERS
117
Table B.1 (Contd.)
TTP
300
200
100
0
Kay Joffe PG LK SBV Critical
TTP Property
VNA Methods
Pedersen LM SC Sutton LLS Expt.
Figure B.1: Critical temperature prediction for Gore Data (Mix 47-1).
118
Mixture 47-1 (Gore Data)
1000
LLS Expt.
800
LM
Kay Joffe LK SBV VNA Pedersen Sutton
PG SC
Critical Pressure (psia)
600
TTP
400
200
0
Kay Joffe PG LK SBV Critical
TTP Property
VNA Methods
Pedersen LM SC Sutton LLS Expt.
Figure B.2: Critical pressure prediction for Gore Data (Mix 47-1).
Mixture 26-1 (Gore Data)
1000
LLS Expt.
800
LM
Kay Joffe LK SBV VNA Pedersen Sutton
PG SC
Critical Pressure (psia)
600
TTP
400
200
0
Kay Joffe PG LK SBV Critical
TTP Property
VNA Methods
Pedersen LM SC Sutton LLS Expt.
Figure B.3: Critical pressure prediction for Gore Data (Mix 26-1).
119
Mixture 26-2 (Gore Data)
400
LM LLS Expt.
Kay Joffe PG LK SBV VNA Pedersen Sutton
SC
300
TTP
Critical Temperature ( R)
o
200
100
0
Kay Joffe PG LK SBV Critical
TTP Property
VNA Methods
Pedersen LM SC Sutton LLS Expt.
Figure B.4: Critical temperature prediction for Gore Data (Mix 26-2).
800
LM
Kay Joffe LK SBV VNA Pedersen Sutton
PG
Critical Pressure (psia)
SC
600
TTP
400
200
0
Kay Joffe PG LK SBV Critical
TTP Property
VNA Methods
Pedersen LM SC Sutton LLS Expt.
Figure B.5: Critical pressure prediction for Gore Data (Mix 26-2.
120
Mixture 26-3 (Gore Data)
400
LM
Joffe LK SBV VNA Pedersen LLS Expt.
Kay PG Sutton
SC
300
Critical Temperature ( R)
o
TTP
200
100
0
Kay Joffe PG LK SBV Critical
TTP Property
VNA Methods
Pedersen LM SC Sutton LLS Expt.
Figure B.6: Critical temperature prediction for Gore Data (Mix 26-3).
1075
LLS Expt.
860
Critical Pressure (psia)
LM
Kay Joffe PG LK SBV VNA Pedersen Sutton
645 SC
TTP
430
215
0
Kay Joffe PG LK SBV Critical
TTP Property
VNA Methods
Pedersen LM SC Sutton LLS Expt.
Figure B.7: Critical pressure prediction for Gore Data (Mix 26-3).
121
APPENDIX C
AND RESULTS
The following three forms of the scaling parameter were tested and the
exponential form was selected based on its prediction and matching capability:
[ (
Z SF = 1 + k 1 − TR )]2
… (3.18).
Z SF = TRθ … (3.19).
Z SF = aEXP(bTR ) … (3.20).
The step-by-step procedure for obtaining the scaling factor is as follows:
z SK
1. z SF = × zc
z Expt .
2. Plot zSF vs. TR graph; obtain the best fit-curve and the corresponding equation in
the form of z SF = a × e − bTR for each pure component. Obtain a and b for each
component.
3. Plot a vs. ωMw graph; obtain the best fit-curve and the corresponding equation of
the form a = coeff1 (ωM w ) − coeff 2 .
4. Plot b vs. ω graph; obtain the best fit-curve and the corresponding equation of the
form b = [Aω 2 + Bω + C]
where A, B, and C are constants.
5. The scaling factor expressions for:
a. Pure Components
z SF = a exp(bTR )
where,
a = coeff1 (ωM w ) coeff 2
b = [Aω 2 + Bω + C]
b. Mixtures follow the following Mixing rule:
122
2 2
⎛ n ⎞
[ω M w ] = ⎛⎜ ∑ x i [ω M w ]i0.5 ⎞⎟
n
ω m = ⎜ ∑ x i ω i0.5 ⎟
⎝ i ⎠ ⎝ i ⎠
where a, b, A, B, and C belong to the above described procedure only.
1.25
1.15
Z-Factor
1.05
0.95
0.85
0.75
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000
Pressure (Psia)
Figure C.1: Scaled z-factor result for Buxton & Campbell Data at 160 oF (Mix-4).
123
Buxton & Campbell, Mix-4, T = 130 F, Quadratic
1.42
Exp
SK
1.32
Scaled
1.22
1.12
Z-Factor
1.02
0.92
0.82
0.72
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000
Pressure (psia)
Figure C.2: Scaled z-factor result for Buxton & Campbell Data at 130 oF (Mix-4).
Buxton & Campbell, Mix-3, T = 160 F
1.4
Exp
SK
1.3 Scaled
1.2
Z-Factor
1.1
0.9
0.8
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000
Pressure (psia)
Figure C.3: Scaled z-factor result for Buxton & Campbell Data at 160 oF (Mix-3).
124
Buxton & Campbell, Mix-3, T = 130 F
1.36
Exp
SK
1.26 Scaled
1.16
Z-Factor
1.06
0.96
0.86
0.76
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000
Pressure (psia)
Figure C.4: Scaled z-factor result for Buxton & Campbell Data at 130 oF (Mix-3).
1.36
Exp SK
Scaled
1.21
Z-Factor
1.06
0.91
0.76
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000
Pressure (psia)
Figure C.5: Scaled z-factor result for Buxton & Campbell Data at 100 oF (Mix-3).
125
Buxton & Campbell, Mix-2, T = 130 F,Quadratic
1.2
Exp
SK
1.1 Scaled
Z-Factor
0.9
0.8
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000
Pressure (psia)
Figure C.6: Scaled z-factor result for Buxton & Campbell Data at 130 oF (Mix-2).
Buxton and Campbell Data, Mix-1, Quadratic
o
160 F
1.35
Expt.
SK
1.25 Scaled
1.15
Z-Factor
1.05
0.95
0.85
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000
Pressure (Psia)
Figure C.7: Scaled z-factor result for Buxton & Campbell Data at 160 oF (Mix-1).
126
APPENDIX D
1.45
1.35
Z-Factor
1.25
1.15
VdW-EOS T=100 F
1.05 VdW-EOS T=220 F
VdW-EOS T=460 F
100 F EXPT.
0.85
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Pressure (psia)
1.37
1.29
1.22
Z-Factor
1.14
RK-EOS 560 R
1.07
RK-EOS 680 R
RK-EOS 920 R
0.99
Expt. T=560
Expt. T=680
0.92
Expt. T=920
0.84
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
Pressure, P (Psia)
127
Z-Factor Comparison Graph (Expt. vs. RK-EOS)
1.13
0.98
0.83
Z-Factor
0.68
RK-EOS 560 R
RK-EOS 680 R
0.53 RK-EOS 920 R
Expt. T=560
Expt. T=680
0.38
Expt. T=920
0.23
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
Pressure, P (Psia)
1.43
1.36
1.28
Z-Factor
1.21
RK-EOS 560 R
RK-EOS 680 R
1.13 RK-EOS 920 R
Expt. T=560
Expt. T=680
1.06
Expt. T=920
0.98
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
Pressure, P (Psia)
128
1.5
SOAVE-REDLICH-KWONG(C1) vs. Experimental Z-Factor Plot
1.4
1.3
1.2
Z-Factor
1.1
T=100 F
T=220 F
T=460 F
1
100 F EXP
220 F EXP
460 F EXP
0.9
0.8
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Pressure(psia)
1.08
0.86
Z-Factor
0.64 T=100 F
T=220 F
T=460 F
100 F EXP
0.42 220 F EXP
460 F EXP
0.2
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Pressure(psia)
129
SOAVE-REDLICH-KWONG(N2) vs. Experimental Z-Factor Comparison Plot
1.55
1.45
1.35
Z-Factor
1.25
T=100 F
T=220 F
1.15 T=460 F
100 F EXP
220 F EXP
1.05 460 F EXP
0.95
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Pressure(psia)
1.25
1.20
1.15
1.10
Z-Factor
1.05
PR-EOS 680 R
0.95
PR-EOS 920 R
Expt. T=560
0.90
Expt. T=680
0.80
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
Pressure (Psia)
130
Z-Factor Comparison Graph (Expt. vs. PR-EOS)
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
Z-Factor
0.6 T = 560 R
T = 680 R
0.5
T = 920 R
Expt. T=560
0.4
Expt. T=680
0.2
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
Pressure, P (Psia)
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.2
Z-Factor
1.2
1.1
PR-EOS 560 R
PR-EOS 680 R
1.1
PR-EOS 920 R
Expt. T=560
1.0 Expt. T=680
Expt. T=920
1.0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
Pressure (Psia)
131
1.5
Z-Factor Comparison (Expt. Vs. SW-EOS)
1.4
1.3
1.2
Z-Factor
1.1
SW-EOS 100 F
SW-EOS 220 F
1
SW-EOS 460 F
100 F EXP
220 F EXP
0.9
460 F EXP
0.8
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
P (psia)
1.1
0.9
0.8
Z-Factor
0.7
0.6
SW-EOS 100 F
0.5
SW-EOS 220 F
SW-EOS 460 F
0.4 100 F EXP
220 F EXP
0.3 460 F EXP
0.2
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Pressure (psia)
132
Z-Factor Comparison (Expt. Vs. SW-EOS)
1.55
1.45
1.35
Z-Factor
1.25
SW-EOS 100 F
SW-EOS 460 F
100 F EXP
1.05
220 F EXP
460 F EXP
0.95
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
P (psia)
1.33
1.23
1.13
Z-Factor
PT-EOS 560 R
PT-EOS 920 R
Expt. T=560
Expt. T=920
0.83
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
Pressure, P (Psia)
133
Z-Factor Comparison Graph (Exp. vs. PT-EOS)
1.13
1.03
0.93
0.83
Z-Factor
0.73
PT-EOS 680 R
0.53 PT-EOS 920 R
Expt. T=560
0.43
Expt. T=680
0.23
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
Pressure, P (Psia)
1.46
1.36
Z-Factor
1.26
PT-EOS 560 R
PT-EOS 920 R
Expt. T=560
Expt. T=920
0.96
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
Pressure, P (Psia)
134
TB-EOS (METHANE)
1.35
1.25
1.15
Z-Factor
1.05
100 F
0.95
220 F
460 F
100 F EXP
0.85 220 F EXP
460 F EXP
0.75
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Pressure (psia)
0.9
0.8
0.7
Z-Factor
0.6
T=100 F
T=160 F
0.5
T=220 F
100 F EXP
0.4 220 F EXP
460 F EXP
0.3
0.2
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
P(psia)
135
1.5
TB-EOS (NITROGEN)
1.4
100 F
220 F
460 F
1.3
100 F EXP
220 F EXP
Z-Factor
460 F EXP
1.2
1.1
0.9
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Pressure (psia)
136
APPENDIX E
MISCELLANEOUS GASES
Com
Thesi pone CO nC nC nC C7
o
s T ( F) nt 2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 4 iC5 5 6 +
Mcle
od- Mole 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mix-1 100 % 0 22.60 6 75.61 1 8 2 2 0 0 0 0
P Zexpt
(psia) .
600 0.895
1000 0.836
1500 0.779
2000 0.731
2500 0.713
3000 0.722
4000 0.783
5000 0.876
137
Table E.1 (Contd.)
Thesis T (oF) Cmpnt. CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mcleod-Mix-1 40 Mole % 0.50 22.60 0.46 75.61 0.71 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
600 0.847
1000 0.748
1500 0.639
2000 0.586
2500 0.595
3000 0.632
4000 0.732
5000 0.845
Thesis T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mcleod-Mix-1 100 Mole % 0.50 22.60 0.46 75.61 0.71 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
600 0.895
1000 0.836
1500 0.779
2000 0.731
2500 0.713
3000 0.722
4000 0.783
5000 0.876
Thesis T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mcleod-Mix-1 175 Mole % 0.50 22.60 0.46 75.61 0.71 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
600 0.933
1000 0.9
1500 0.865
2000 0.839
2500 0.826
3000 0.825
4000 0.856
5000 0.914
Thesis T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mcleod-Mix-2 40 Mole % 0.30 14.38 0.46 84.14 0.59 0.08 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
626 0.866
848 0.82
1022 0.787
1521 0.706
2021 0.662
2521 0.663
3021 0.69
4021 0.781
5021 0.887
Thesis T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mcleod-Mix-2 65 Mole % 0.30 14.38 0.46 84.14 0.59 0.08 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
138
Table E.1 (Contd.)
P (psia) Zexpt.
624 0.889
823 0.859
1022 0.828
1521 0.763
2021 0.722
2522 0.716
3022 0.732
4022 0.807
5022 0.903
Thesis T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mcleod-Mix-2 100 Mole % 0.30 14.38 0.46 84.14 0.59 0.08 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
607 0.911
625 0.909
824 0.886
1023 0.864
1522 0.815
2021 0.783
2521 0.773
3021 0.781
3521 0.805
4021 0.837
4521 0.876
5021 0.919
Thesis T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mcleod-Mix-2 135 Mole % 0.30 14.38 0.46 84.14 0.59 0.08 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
655 0.926
824 0.911
1023 0.894
1522 0.858
2021 0.834
2521 0.826
3021 0.83
4021 0.873
5021 0.941
Thesis T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mcleod-Mix-2 175 Mole % 0.30 14.38 0.46 84.14 0.59 0.08 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
565 0.946
823 0.93
1023 0.918
1522 0.891
2021 0.874
2521 0.867
3021 0.869
4021 0.903
5021 0.958
139
Table E.1 (Contd.)
Thesis T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mcleod-Mix-3 40 Mole % 1.31 5.70 0.52 91.51 0.84 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
600 0.892
1000 0.819
1500 0.751
2000 0.711
2500 0.707
3000 0.73
4000 0.814
5000 0.918
Thesis T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mcleod-Mix-3 100 Mole % 1.31 5.70 0.52 91.51 0.84 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
600 0.913
1000 0.883
1500 0.843
2000 0.816
2500 0.808
3000 0.815
4000 0.867
5000 0.945
Thesis T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mcleod-Mix-3 100 Mole % 1.31 5.70 0.52 91.51 0.84 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
600 0.913
1000 0.883
1500 0.843
2000 0.816
2500 0.808
3000 0.815
4000 0.867
5000 0.945
Thesis T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mcleod-Mix-3 175 Mole % 1.31 5.70 0.52 91.51 0.84 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
600 0.951
1000 0.929
1500 0.909
2000 0.896
2500 0.892
3000 0.897
4000 0.932
5000 0.986
Thesis T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mcleod-Mix-22 88 Mole % 1.80 0.00 0.81 84.99 6.64 2.67 1.07 0.91 0.82 0.00 0.19 0.10
P (psia) Zexpt.
500 0.902
140
Table E.1 (Contd.)
1000 0.823
1500 0.756
2000 0.725
2500 0.728
3000 0.755
3500 0.787
Thesis T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mcleod-Mix-22 113 Mole % 1.80 0.00 0.81 84.99 6.64 2.67 1.07 0.91 0.82 0.00 0.19 0.10
P (psia) Zexpt.
500 0.925
1000 0.862
1500 0.811
2000 0.775
2500 0.772
3000 0.797
3500 0.821
Thesis T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mcleod-Mix-22 200 Mole % 1.80 0.00 0.81 84.99 6.64 2.67 1.07 0.91 0.82 0.00 0.19 0.10
P (psia) Zexpt.
500 0.96
1000 0.927
1500 0.9
2000 0.884
2500 0.882
3000 0.891
3500 0.91
Thesis T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mcleod-Mix-24 81 Mole % 0.61 0.00 0.00 85.00 6.00 3.32 0.85 1.29 0.57 0.66 1.09 0.62
P (psia) Zexpt.
500 0.918
1000 0.842
1500 0.777
2000 0.742
2500 0.739
3000 0.765
3500 0.802
Thesis T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mcleod-Mix-24 152 Mole % 0.61 0.00 0.00 85.00 6.00 3.32 0.85 1.29 0.57 0.66 1.09 0.62
P (psia) Zexpt.
500 0.947
1000 0.903
1500 0.868
2000 0.848
2500 0.843
3000 0.853
3500 0.877
Thesis T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
141
Table E.1 (Contd.)
Mcleod-Mix-24 200 Mole % 0.61 0.00 0.00 85.00 6.00 3.32 0.85 1.29 0.57 0.66 1.09 0.62
P (psia) Zexpt.
500 0.96
1000 0.929
1500 0.906
2000 0.892
2500 0.89
3000 0.889
3500 0.916
Thesis T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mcleod-Mix-25 91 Mole % 0.40 0.00 0.00 94.32 3.90 1.17 0.08 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
500 0.929
1000 0.875
Thesis T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mcleod-Mix-25 110 Mole % 0.40 0.00 0.00 94.32 3.90 1.17 0.08 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
500 0.939
1000 0.895
Thesis T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mcleod-Mix-25 150 Mole % 0.40 0.00 0.00 94.32 3.90 1.17 0.08 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
500 0.958
1000 0.925
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
S & B T4 160 Mole % 0.00 10.00 0.00 90.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
600 0.955
1000 0.929
1500 0.899
2000 0.879
3000 0.874
4000 0.911
5000 0.969
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
S & B T4 220 Mole % 0.00 10.00 0.00 90.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
600 0.971
1000 0.953
1500 0.937
2000 0.926
3000 0.924
4000 0.955
5000 1.002
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
S & B T4 280 Mole % 0.00 10.00 0.00 90.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
142
Table E.1 (Contd.)
P (psia) Zexpt.
600 0.981
1000 0.972
1500 0.963
2000 0.957
3000 0.96
4000 0.989
5000 1.027
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
S & B T4 160 Mole % 0.00 20.00 0.00 80.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
600 0.945
1000 0.909
1500 0.87
2000 0.842
3000 0.825
4000 0.863
5000 0.925
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
S & B T4 220 Mole % 0.00 20.00 0.00 80.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
600 0.963
1000 0.941
1500 0.917
2000 0.899
3000 0.887
4000 0.912
5000 0.959
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
S & B T4 280 Mole % 0.00 20.00 0.00 80.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
600 0.976
1000 0.963
1500 0.948
2000 0.937
3000 0.931
4000 0.953
5000 0.99
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mix-2-API-PRJ-
37 157 Mole % 2.09 6.80 10.19 68.57 5.90 2.82 0.47 1.16 0.85 0.00 0.35 0.80
P (psia) Zexpt.
2115 0.829 MC7+ 125
2347 0.823 SgC7+ 0.7500
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mix-17-API-PRJ-
37 189 Mole % 6.16 10.78 0.4 74.14 3.27 1.21 0.22 0.61 0.57 0 0.46 2.18
P (psia) Zexpt.
4915 0.938 MC7+ 125
5065 0.95 SgC7+ 0.7500
143
Table E.1 (Contd.)
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mix-25-API-PRJ-
37 191 Mole % 4.16 9.13 0 78.77 2.97 1.27 0.27 0.6 0.43 0 0.43 1.97
P (psia) Zexpt.
4945 0.955 MC7+ 125
SgC7+ 0.7500
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mix-2-API-PRJ-
37 216 Mole % 8.66 18.26 0.37 52.13 11.65 1.42 0.39 0.83 0.95 0.00 1.03 4.31
P (psia) Zexpt.
4515 0.852 MC7+ 125
5385 0.942 SgC7+ 0.7500
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mix-402-API-
PRJ-37 230 Mole % 2.06 2.44 10.70 70.72 6.91 3.38 0.52 0.67 0.64 0.00 0.37 1.59
P (psia) Zexpt.
3000 0.903 MC7+ 125
3270 0.91 SgC7+ 0.7500
3400 0.914
3600 0.918
3800 0.925
4000 0.934
4200 0.946
4400 0.954
4600 0.97
4800 0.981
5130 1.006
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mix-601-API-
PRJ-37 276 Mole % 6.61 4.53 15.58 41.72 7.12 5.42 2.23 3.10 2.85 0.00 2.68 8.17
P (psia) Zexpt.
4000 0.875 MC7+ 125
5000 0.98 SgC7+ 0.7500
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mix-705-API-
PRJ-37 190 Mole % 4.24 2.90 0.98 70.90 7.34 2.84 0.66 1.40 1.43 0.00 1.13 6.18
P (psia) Zexpt.
4720 0.948 MC7+ 125
4743 0.95 SgC7+ 0.7500
4774 0.955
4815 0.959
4915 0.969
5015 0.981
5115 0.991
5315 1.014
5515 1.039
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mix-707-API-
PRJ-37 218 Mole % 3.17 18.5 2.18 56.22 4.83 2.5 0.56 1.49 1.48 0 1.15 7.82
P (psia) Zexpt.
4475 0.884 MC7+ 125
4515 0.887 SgC7+ 0.7500
4565 0.893
144
Table E.1 (Contd.)
4615 0.899
4715 0.91
4915 0.933
5215 0.97
5515 1.006
6015 1.067
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mix-722-API-
PRJ-37 179 Mole % 2.30 13.21 8.71 65.57 3.07 1.77 0.35 1.00 1.01 0.00 0.78 2.23
P (psia) Zexpt.
3025 0.812 MC7+ 125
3115 0.814 SgC7+ 0.7500
3215 0.818
3315 0.824
3515 0.834
3815 0.853
4215 0.883
4615 0.916
5015 0.951
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mix-727-API-
PRJ-37 143 Mole % 2.06 6.21 10.15 70.52 5.38 2.8 0.37 0.95 0.64 0 0.3 0.62
P (psia) Zexpt.
2399 0.831 MC7+ 125
2415 0.831 SgC7+ 0.7500
2515 0.832
2615 0.834
3015 0.844
3515 0.868
4015 0.903
4515 0.943
5015 0.986
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mix-729-API-
PRJ-37 181 Mole % 5.11 6.56 4.52 77.85 2.50 0.77 0.12 0.45 0.42 0.00 0.31 1.39
P (psia) Zexpt.
3099 0.859 MC7+ 125
3115 0.859 SgC7+ 0.7500
3215 0.861
3515 0.872
3586 0.875
4115 0.906
4415 0.927
4715 0.946
5015 0.968
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Mix-735-API-
PRJ-37 206 Mole % 5.05 2.05 25.15 49.35 6.49 3.22 1.05 1.7 1.59 0 1.18 3.17
P (psia) Zexpt.
4430 0.987 MC7+ 125
4515 0.994 SgC7+ 0.7500
4715 1.011
145
Table E.1 (Contd.)
4915 1.029
5215 1.056
5515 1.083
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Shell-Et.Al-
Marmattan-10-
33 73 Mole % 3.19 51.37 2.58 42.41 0.24 0.07 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.04
P (psia) Zexpt.
2114 0.402 MC7+ 120
2514 0.438 SgC7+ 0.7500
3014 0.495
3514 0.553
4014 0.612
4514 0.67
5014 0.728
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Shell-Et.Al-
Marmattan-10-
33 84 Mole % 3.19 51.37 2.58 42.41 0.24 0.07 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.04
P (psia) Zexpt.
2114 0.426 MC7+ 120
2514 0.454 SgC7+ 0.7500
3014 0.507
3514 0.562
4014 0.62
4514 0.677
5014 0.734
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Shell-Et.Al-
Marmattan-10-
33 95 Mole % 3.19 51.37 2.58 42.41 0.24 0.07 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.04
P (psia) Zexpt.
2114 0.458 MC7+ 120
2514 0.478 SgC7+ 0.7500
3014 0.526
3514 0.578
4014 0.632
4514 0.685
5014 0.737
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Shell-Et.Al-
Marmattan-10-
33 110 Mole % 3.19 51.37 2.58 42.41 0.24 0.07 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.04
P (psia) Zexpt.
2114 0.495 MC7+ 120
2514 0.485 SgC7+ 0.7500
3014 0.534
3514 0.586
4014 0.639
4514 0.693
5014 0.747
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
146
Table E.1 (Contd.)
Shell-Et.Al-
Marmattan-10-
33 147 Mole % 3.19 51.37 2.58 42.41 0.24 0.07 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.04
P (psia) Zexpt.
2114 0.61 MC7+ 120
2514 0.568 SgC7+ 0.7500
3014 0.585
3514 0.619
4014 0.662
4514 0.707
5014 0.756
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Shell-Et.Al-
Marmattan-10-
33 186 Mole % 3.19 51.37 2.58 42.41 0.24 0.07 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.04
P (psia) Zexpt.
2114 0.69 MC7+ 120
2514 0.665 SgC7+ 0.7500
3014 0.651
3514 0.666
4014 0.696
4514 0.731
5014 0.77
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Shell-Et.Al-
Marmattan-10-
33 230 Mole % 3.19 51.37 2.58 42.41 0.24 0.07 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.04
P (psia) Zexpt.
2114 0.749 MC7+ 120
2514 0.722 SgC7+ 0.7500
3014 0.71
3514 0.711
4014 0.73
4514 0.755
5014 0.786
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
147-Sutte-Plant 198 Mole % 4.2 3.32 1.06 77.91 7.74 2.99 0.58 1.45 0.25 0.23 0.16 0.11
P (psia) Zexpt.
200 0.991 MC7+ 125
500 0.968 SgC7+ 0.7340
1000 0.924
1500 0.895
2000 0.878
2500 0.869
3000 0.876
3500 0.893
4000 0.918
4500 0.951
5000 0.988
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
147-Waterton 156 Mole % 8.03 29.66 1.04 52.75 3.48 0.82 0.15 0.6 0.22 0.23 0.45 2.57
P (psia) Zexpt.
147
Table E.1 (Contd.)
3914 0.749 MC7+ 130
4014 0.757 SgC7+ 0.8340
4214 0.774
4414 0.792
4714 0.82
4914 0.839
5064 0.853
5114 0.858
5214 0.868
5414 0.888
5714 0.917
6014 0.948
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Gold Creek 210 Mole % 3.18 7.04 4.81 70.69 3.83 2.09 0.57 1.09 0.60 0.57 0.93 4.60
P (psia) Zexpt.
4496 0.938 MC7+ 131
4615 0.948 SgC7+ 0.7850
4815 0.966
5015 0.984
5215 1.003
5515 1.032
6015 1.061
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
HOME-ET.AL-6-
8(L) 77 Mole % 3.08 49.35 2.66 44.47 0.23 0.06 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.04
P (psia) Zexpt.
1014 0.667 MC7+ 125
1514 0.455 SgC7+ 0.7500
2014 0.421
2514 0.457
3014 0.408
3514 0.562
4014 0.618
4514 0.674
5014 0.73
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
HOME-ET.AL-6-
8(L) 120 Mole % 3.08 49.35 2.66 44.47 0.23 0.06 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.04
P (psia) Zexpt.
1014 0.75 MC7+ 125
1514 0.622 SgC7+ 0.7500
2014 0.537
2514 0.529
3014 0.557
3514 0.597
4014 0.643
4514 0.691
5014 0.74
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
HOME-ET.AL-6-
8(L) 144 Mole % 3.08 49.35 2.66 44.47 0.23 0.06 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.04
P (psia) Zexpt.
148
Table E.1 (Contd.)
1014 0.802 MC7+ 125
1514 0.692 SgC7+ 0.7500
2014 0.612
2514 0.584
3014 0.596
3514 0.626
4014 0.665
4514 0.707
5014 0.752
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
HOME-ET.AL-6-
8(L) 230 Mole % 3.08 49.35 2.66 44.47 0.23 0.06 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.04
P (psia) Zexpt.
1014 0.884 MC7+ 125
1514 0.832 SgC7+ 0.7500
2014 0.786
2514 0.751
3014 0.739
3514 0.74
4014 0.757
4514 0.78
5014 0.809
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
DICK-LAKE-A-
15(SMOOTHED-
DATA) 93 Mole % 1.23 1.62 2.52 77.48 10.32 3.94 0.54 1.30 0.27 0.24 0.54 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
615 0.882
715 0.872
815 0.861
915 0.849
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
DICK-LAKE-A-
15(SMOOTHED-
DATA) 105 Mole % 1.23 1.62 2.52 77.48 10.32 3.94 0.54 1.30 0.27 0.24 0.54 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
615 0.888
715 0.878
815 0.868
915 0.858
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
DICK-LAKE-A-
15(SMOOTHED-
DATA) 120 Mole % 1.23 1.62 2.52 77.48 10.32 3.94 0.54 1.30 0.27 0.24 0.54 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
615 0.896
715 0.888
815 0.879
915 0.87
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
RIMBEY-GAS-
PLANT 84 Mole % 1.21 1.50 2.08 78.14 10.29 4.05 0.62 1.23 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.00
149
Table E.1 (Contd.)
DICK-LAKE-A-
15(SMOOTHED-
DATA) P (psia) Zexpt.
500 0.926
750 0.885
1000 0.841
1250 0.805
1400 0.787
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
RIMBEY-GAS-
PLANT 95 Mole % 1.86 3.29 2.28 80.34 6.56 3.02 0.52 1.07 0.37 0.34 0.35 0.00
DICK-LAKE-A-
23(SMOOTHED-
DATA) P (psia) Zexpt.
500 0.945
750 0.911
1000 0.873
1250 0.842
1500 0.816
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
HOMEGLEN-
RIMBEY-A-
25(SMOOTHED-
DATA) 83 Mole % 1.61 3.26 2.75 80.52 6.61 2.92 0.42 0.99 0.21 0.21 0.50 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
615 0.881
715 0.872
815 0.862
915 0.853
1015 0.844
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
HOMEGLEN-
RIMBEY-A-
25(SMOOTHED-
DATA) 100 Mole % 1.61 3.26 2.75 80.52 6.61 2.92 0.42 0.99 0.21 0.21 0.50 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
615 0.892
715 0.883
815 0.874
915 0.865
1015 0.856
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
HOMEGLEN-
RIMBEY-A-
25(SMOOTHED-
DATA) 120 Mole % 1.61 3.26 2.75 80.52 6.61 2.92 0.42 0.99 0.21 0.21 0.50 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
615 0.905
715 0.896
815 0.887
915 0.878
1015 0.869
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
150
Table E.1 (Contd.)
SHELL-LOW-
WATERTON-
NO.5-17 156 Mole % 3.48 16.03 0.97 65.49 3.93 1.53 0.32 0.92 0.52 0.50 1.12 5.19
P (psia) Zexpt.
4560 0.864 MC7+ 140
4596 0.868 SgC7+ 0.9050
4650 0.874
4714 0.881
4814 0.892
4914 0.903
5114 0.926
5514 0.973
6014 1.03
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
SHELL-NO.3-
BURNT-
TIMBER 196 Mole % 5.78 6.42 0.33 81.87 3.64 0.74 0.22 0.19 0.10 0.07 0.13 0.51
P (psia) Zexpt.
936 0.935 MC7+ 118
1058 0.929 SgC7+ 0.7580
1203 0.923
1363 0.915
1557 0.906
1733 0.899
1912 0.894
2275 0.886
2772 0.885
3199 0.893
3506 0.901
3781 0.912
3827 0.914
3851 0.915
4014 0.923
4514 0.95
5014 0.981
5514 1.014
6014 1.051
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
SHELL-NO.4-
W.J.P.2-23 120 Mole % 6.17 5.40 0.49 81.07 3.74 0.94 0.32 0.34 0.18 0.12 0.23 1.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
4279 0.882 MC7+ 127
4295 0.883 SgC7+ 0.8050
4314 0.885
4330 0.886
4346 0.887
4414 0.893
4514 0.902
5014 0.948
5514 0.995
6014 1.044
6514 1.094
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
151
Table E.1 (Contd.)
WIMBORNE-
NO.6-11-
(UPPER) 162 Mole % 2.06 12.96 9.63 66.34 3.11 1.80 0.34 0.94 0.33 0.45 0.56 1.48
P (psia) Zexpt.
2899 0.82 MC7+ 115
2916 0.82 SgC7+ 0.7610
2945 0.821
2984 0.823
3014 0.823
3064 0.825
3114 0.827
3214 0.831
3314 0.836
3514 0.846
4014 0.878
4514 0.916
5014 0.958
5514 1.003
6014 1.048
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
ROYALITE-
EDSON-6-4-52-
17 160 Mole % 4.34 1.04 0.17 90.31 2.70 0.66 0.16 0.18 0.09 0.07 0.11 0.17
P (psia) Zexpt.
514 0.959 MC7+ 125
1014 0.925 SgC7+ 0.7500
1514 0.898
2014 0.88
2514 0.873
3014 0.878
3514 0.896
4014 0.918
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
ROYALITE-
EDSON-6-4-52-
17 220 Mole % 4.34 1.04 0.17 90.31 2.70 0.66 0.16 0.18 0.09 0.07 0.11 0.17
P (psia) Zexpt.
514 0.975 MC7+ 125
1014 0.955 SgC7+ 0.7500
1514 0.939
2014 0.929
2514 0.926
3014 0.931
3514 0.943
4014 0.961
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
HB-UNION-
KAYBOS-S-7-
14 250 Mole % 3.13 16.82 1.12 60.09 7.72 3.12 1.00 1.44 0.41 0.63 1.10 3.42
P (psia) Zexpt.
3542 0.94 MC7+ 124
4014 0.971 SgC7+ 0.7940
4514 1.009
5014 1.051
152
Table E.1 (Contd.)
5514 1.096
6014 1.144
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
HB-UNION-
KAYBOS-S-11-
1 230 Mole % 3.12 15.62 1.01 60.12 7.85 3.28 0.82 1.56 0.67 0.75 1.11 4.09
P (psia) Zexpt.
3457 0.821 MC7+ 125
4014 0.848 SgC7+ 0.7950
4514 0.89
5014 0.936
5514 0.984
6014 1.033
6514 1.082
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
PANTHER-
RIVER-5-23 50 Mole % 12.86 35.99 1.54 49.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
434 0.851
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
PANTHER-
RIVER-5-23 50 Mole % 12.01 38.37 2.35 46.98 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
464 0.85
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
PANTHER-
RIVER-5-23 50 Mole % 10.77 30.28 3.09 55.80 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
764 0.778
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
R&J-Mixture-17 200 Mole % 1.18 20.27 0.23 76.30 1.29 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
246 0.979
363 0.97
532 0.956
776 0.938
1125 0.915
1623 0.846
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
R&J-Mixture-18 100 Mole % 7.44 7.35 0.61 83.03 1.30 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
252 0.967
369 0.952
536 0.931
772 0.902
1101 0.864
1556 0.821
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
153
Table E.1 (Contd.)
R&J-Mixture-19 100 Mole % 15.55 14.91 0.41 67.92 1.11 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
194 0.968 MC7+
285 0.953 SgC7+
414 0.932
597 0.903
849 0.863
1188 0.812
1640 0.854
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
R&J-Mixture-20 100 Mole % 2.87 23.27 3.04 56.01 8.20 3.45 0.85 1.10 0.00 0.71 0.28 0.22
P (psia) Zexpt.
400 0.912 MC7+
600 0.867 SgC7+
800 0.82
1000 0.874
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
R&J-Mixture-20 120 Mole % 2.87 23.27 3.04 56.01 8.20 3.45 0.85 1.10 0.00 0.71 0.28 0.22
P (psia) Zexpt.
400 0.922
600 0.883
800 0.842
1000 0.902
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
R&J-Mixture-11 150 Mole % 22.30 0.00 0.50 75.59 1.40 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
250 0.975
360 0.964
538 0.949
783 0.927
1130 0.9
1622 0.869
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
R&J-Mixture-12 200 Mole % 28.14 0.00 0.82 69.93 1.06 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
233 0.962
344 0.974
505 0.963
739 0.947
1076 0.927
1559 0.903
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
R&J-Mixture-13 100 Mole % 0.08 4.09 0.96 89.26 1.54 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
231 0.972
339 0.959
154
Table E.1 (Contd.)
495 0.941
717 0.916
1029 0.883
1464 0.845
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
R&J-Mixture-14 100 Mole % 1.44 16.30 0.77 79.48 1.53 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
258 0.962
377 0.945
547 0.921
785 0.889
1111 0.847
1558 0.798
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
R&J-Mixture-15 100 Mole % 2.10 26.96 0.68 68.68 1.15 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
197 0.965
288 0.95
418 0.927
600 0.894
848 0.851
1178 0.794
1609 0.829
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
R&J-Mixture-16 150 Mole % 1.27 18.99 0.77 77.26 1.32 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
255 0.972
375 0.959
547 0.941
791 0.916
1135 0.884
1617 0.846
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
R&J-Mixture-5 100 Mole % 10.18 10.33 10.66 49.06 9.55 10.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
248 0.965
363 0.949
526 0.926
754 0.895
1074 0.854
1511 0.808
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
R&J-Mixture-6 100 Mole % 0.04 0.00 0.95 97.48 1.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
352 0.964
515 0.948
749 0.926
155
Table E.1 (Contd.)
1000 0.898
1550 0.867
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
R&J-Mixture-7 100 Mole % 5.36 0.00 0.84 92.22 1.49 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
342 0.963
500 0.946
726 0.924
1049 0.894
1496 0.86
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
R&J-Mixture-8 100 Mole % 11.46 0.00 0.68 86.16 1.46 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
256 0.97
376 0.956
548 0.937
792 0.911
1134 0.877
1614 0.84
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
R&J-Mixture-9 100 Mole % 19.72 0.00 0.55 78.30 1.39 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
254 0.967
371 0.952
540 0.931
779 0.902
1111 0.865
1570 0.822
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
R&J-Mixture-10 100 Mole % 54.46 0.00 0.26 44.60 0.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
154 0.97
225 0.956
328 0.935
473 0.907
672 0.866
937 0.811
1275 0.843
1703 0.867
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
B&C-Mixture-1 100 Mole % 5.06 0.00 0.53 89.77 4.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
1026 0.861
1526 0.844
2026 0.816
2526 0.811
3026 0.822
156
Table E.1 (Contd.)
3526 0.846
4026 0.878
4526 0.917
5026 0.959
6026 1.05
7026 1.146
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
B&C-Mixture-1 130 Mole % 5.06 0.00 0.53 89.77 4.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
1026 0.904
1526 0.875
2026 0.855
2526 0.851
3026 0.857
3526 0.877
4026 0.904
4526 0.937
5026 0.974
6026 1.056
7026 1.143
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
B&C-Mixture-1 160 Mole % 5.06 0.00 0.53 89.77 4.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
1026 0.925
1526 0.899
2026 0.885
2526 0.874
3026 0.905
3526 0.901
4026 0.923
4526 0.954
5026 1.009
6026 1.064
7026 1.143
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
B&C-Mixture-2 100 Mole % 10.13 0.00 0.57 85.20 4.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
1026 0.881
1526 0.838
2026 0.812
2526 0.864
3026 0.875
3526 0.908
4026 0.921
4526 0.96
5026 1.002
6026 1.095
7026 1.19
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
157
Table E.1 (Contd.)
B&C-Mixture-2 130 Mole % 10.13 0.00 0.57 85.20 4.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
1026 0.904
1526 0.872
2026 0.85
2526 0.844
3026 0.851
3526 0.879
4026 0.897
4526 0.93
5026 0.969
6026 1.052
7026 1.139
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
B&C-Mixture-2 160 Mole % 10.13 0.00 0.57 85.20 4.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
1026 0.923
1526 0.899
2026 0.882
2526 0.877
3026 0.883
3526 0.899
4026 0.921
4526 0.949
5026 0.983
6026 1.058
7026 1.139
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
B&C-Mixture-3 100 Mole % 20.16 0.00 0.52 74.58 4.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
1026 0.865
1526 0.814
2026 0.878
2526 0.862
3026 0.878
3526 0.904
4026 0.938
4526 0.979
5026 0.923
6026 1.114
7026 1.214
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
B&C-Mixture-3 130 Mole % 20.16 0.00 0.52 74.58 4.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
1026 0.889
1526 0.852
2026 0.925
2526 0.914
3026 0.92
158
Table E.1 (Contd.)
3526 0.939
4026 0.967
4526 1.002
5026 1.041
6026 1.126
7026 1.214
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
B&C-Mixture-3 160 Mole % 20.16 0.00 0.52 74.58 4.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
1026 0.91
1526 0.882
2026 0.86
2526 0.95
3026 0.955
3526 0.97
4026 0.993
4526 1.024
5026 1.056
6026 1.134
7026 1.215
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
B&C-Mixture-4 100 Mole % 10.91 0.00 0.00 75.93 0.00 13.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
1026 0.913
1526 0.85
2026 0.814
2526 0.814
3026 0.837
3526 0.875
4026 0.821
4526 0.971
5026 1.023
6026 1.131
7026 1.241
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
B&C-Mixture-4 130 Mole % 10.91 0.00 0.00 75.93 0.00 13.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
1026 0.951
1526 0.899
2026 0.87
2526 0.863
3026 0.878
3526 0.906
4026 0.945
4526 0.989
5026 1.036
6026 1.035
7026 1.136
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
159
Table E.1 (Contd.)
B&C-Mixture-4 160 Mole % 10.91 0.00 0.00 75.93 0.00 13.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
1026 0.974
1526 0.934
2026 0.91
2526 0.904
3026 0.913
3526 0.936
4026 0.967
4526 1.003
5026 1.045
6026 1.136
7026 1.228
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
B&C-Mixture-5 100 Mole % 12.92 0.00 0.00 58.41 28.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
1026 0.893
1526 0.815
2026 0.776
2526 0.778
3026 0.808
3526 0.851
4026 0.901
4526 0.955
5026 1.01
6026 1.124
7026 1.138
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
B&C-Mixture-5 130 Mole % 12.92 0.00 0.00 58.41 28.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
1026 0.93
1526 0.872
2026 0.836
2526 0.83
3026 0.848
3526 0.882
4026 0.924
4526 0.971
5026 1.021
6026 1.125
7026 1.231
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
B&C-Mixture-5 160 Mole % 12.92 0.00 0.00 58.41 28.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
1026 0.961
1526 0.913
2026 0.883
2526 0.875
3026 0.886
160
Table E.1 (Contd.)
3526 0.911
4026 0.947
4526 0.989
5026 1.033
6026 1.129
7026 1.227
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
FINA-ET.AL-
Creek-10-7 236 Mole % 3.4 16 1.15 59.09 7.59 3.09 0.78 1.69 0.67 0.78 1.2 4.56
P (psia) Zexpt.
3514 0.914
4014 0.955
4514 0.999
5014 1.042
5514 1.092
6014 1.142
6514 1.193
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
FINA-
WINDFALL-T-3 219 Mole % 7.74 11.83 1.62 63.00 4.20 2.69 0.69 1.80 0.70 0.79 0.92 4.02
P (psia) Zexpt.
3814 0.843 MC7+ 139.0
3854 0.845 SgC7+ 0.7880
3914 0.849
4014 0.857
4514 0.901
5014 0.946
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
FINA-
WINDFALL-
PILOT-PLANT-
INJECTION-
GAS-T-3 150 Mole % 5.13 15.67 2.68 66.84 4.55 3.01 0.47 0.83 0.22 0.23 0.15 0.22
P (psia) Zexpt.
3014 0.764 MC7+ 125.0
3514 0.787 SgC7+ 0.7500
4014 0.82
4514 0.859
5014 0.901
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
FINA-
WINDFALL-
PILOT-PLANT-
INJECTION-
GAS-T-3 200 Mole % 5.13 15.67 2.68 66.84 4.55 3.01 0.47 0.83 0.22 0.23 0.15 0.22
P (psia) Zexpt.
3014 0.824 MC7+ 125.0
3514 0.839 SgC7+ 0.7500
4014 0.864
4514 0.894
5014 0.928
161
Table E.1 (Contd.)
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
FINA-
WINDFALL-
PILOT-PLANT-
INJECTION-
GAS-T-3 250 Mole % 5.13 15.67 2.68 66.84 4.55 3.01 0.47 0.83 0.22 0.23 0.15 0.22
P (psia) Zexpt.
3014 0.877 MC7+ 125.0
3514 0.888 SgC7+ 0.7500
4014 0.907
4514 0.931
5014 0.96
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
FINA-
WINDFALL-
PILOT-PLANT-
INJECTION-
GAS-T-3 300 Mole % 5.13 15.67 2.68 66.84 4.55 3.01 0.47 0.83 0.22 0.23 0.15 0.22
P (psia) Zexpt.
3014 0.912 MC7+ 125.0
3514 0.922 SgC7+ 0.7500
4014 0.939
4514 0.96
5014 0.985
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
FINA-
WINDFALL-
PROCESSING-
PLANT-
INJECTION-
GAS-T-3 50 Mole % 4.51 27.30 0.61 64.59 0.84 0.93 0.27 0.20 0.20 0.11 0.12 0.32
P (psia) Zexpt.
1014 0.714 MC7+ 103.0
2014 0.63 SgC7+ 0.7000
2514 0.655
3014 0.7
4014 0.715
5014 0.834
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
FINA-
WINDFALL-
PROCESSING-
PLANT-
INJECTION-
GAS-T-3 100 Mole % 4.51 27.30 0.61 64.59 0.84 0.93 0.27 0.20 0.20 0.11 0.12 0.32
P (psia) Zexpt.
1014 0.816 MC7+ 103.0
2014 0.764 SgC7+ 0.7000
2514 0.752
3014 0.769
4014 0.748
5014 0.846
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
162
Table E.1 (Contd.)
FINA-
WINDFALL-
PROCESSING-
PLANT-
INJECTION-
GAS-T-3 125 Mole % 4.51 27.30 0.61 64.59 0.84 0.93 0.27 0.20 0.20 0.11 0.12 0.32
P (psia) Zexpt.
1014 0.847 MC7+ 103.0
2014 0.722 SgC7+ 0.7000
2514 0.703
3014 0.708
4014 0.771
5014 0.857
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
FINA-
WINDFALL-
PROCESSING-
PLANT-
INJECTION-
GAS-T-3 150 Mole % 4.51 27.30 0.61 64.59 0.84 0.93 0.27 0.20 0.20 0.11 0.12 0.32
P (psia) Zexpt.
1014 0.871 MC7+ 103.0
2014 0.768 SgC7+ 0.7000
2514 0.747
3014 0.747
4014 0.795
5014 0.869
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
FINA-
WINDFALL-
PROCESSING-
PLANT-
INJECTION-
GAS-T-3 175 Mole % 4.51 27.30 0.61 64.59 0.84 0.93 0.27 0.20 0.20 0.11 0.12 0.32
P (psia) Zexpt.
1014 0.895 MC7+ 103.0
2014 0.809 SgC7+ 0.7000
2514 0.788
3014 0.784
4014 0.819
5014 0.885
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
FINA-
WINDFALL-
PROCESSING-
PLANT-
INJECTION-
GAS-T-3 200 Mole % 4.51 27.30 0.61 64.59 0.84 0.93 0.27 0.20 0.20 0.11 0.12 0.32
P (psia) Zexpt.
1014 0.913 MC7+ 103.0
2014 0.842 SgC7+ 0.7000
2514 0.824
3014 0.818
4014 0.844
5014 0.902
163
Table E.1 (Contd.)
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
FINA-
WINDFALL-
PROCESSING-
PLANT-
INJECTION-
GAS-T-3 225 Mole % 4.51 27.30 0.61 64.59 0.84 0.93 0.27 0.20 0.20 0.11 0.12 0.32
P (psia) Zexpt.
1014 0.925 MC7+ 103.0
2014 0.865 SgC7+ 0.7000
2514 0.848 0.748
3014 0.841 0.741
4014 0.864 0.764
5014 0.914 0.814
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
FINA-
WINDFALL-
PROCESSING-
PLANT-
INJECTION-
GAS-T-3 250 Mole % 4.51 27.30 0.61 64.59 0.84 0.93 0.27 0.20 0.20 0.11 0.12 0.32
P (psia) Zexpt.
1014 0.944 MC7+ 103.0
2014 0.894 SgC7+ 0.7000
2514 0.88
3014 0.873
4014 0.889
5014 0.931
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
CHEVRON-
CLARK-LAKE-
11-33 228 Mole % 3.44 17.6 1.02 57.41 7.55 3.24 0.87 1.63 0.63 0.79 1.31 4.51
P (psia) Zexpt.
3366 0.79 MC7+ 150.0
3414 0.793 SgC7+ 0.8000
3469 0.797
3514 0.8
3814 0.822
4214 0.857
4514 0.883
4672 0.899
4714 0.902
4814 0.912
5014 0.931
5514 0.982
6014 1.034
6514 1.086
7014 1.139
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
NEVIS-NO.110-
30 143 Mole % 2.06 6.21 10.15 70.52 5.38 2.8 0.37 0.95 0.29 0.35 0.3 0.62
P (psia) Zexpt.
2354 0.832 MC7+ 125.0
164
Table E.1 (Contd.)
2404 0.832 SgC7+ 0.7500
2414 0.832
2514 0.832
2614 0.834
3014 0.844
3514 0.869
4014 0.903
4514 0.944
5014 0.987
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Panther River5-
23 50 Mole % 10.67 31.08 3.37 54.78 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
864 0.759
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Panther River5-
23 50 Mole % 9.67 27.72 4.34 58.21 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
1114 0.702
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Panther River5-
23 50 Mole % 9.29 26.77 4.63 59.24 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
1189 0.674
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Panther River5-
23 100 Mole % 11.27 63.57 1.09 23.90 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
664 0.779
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Panther River5-
23 100 Mole % 10.53 50.44 1.98 36.86 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
984 0.7
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Panther River5-
23 100 Mole % 11.10 49.80 1.80 37.18 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
1014 0.697
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Panther River5-
23 100 Mole % 10.22 45.47 2.56 41.64 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
1344 0.613
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Panther River5-
23 100 Mole % 10.13 44.74 2.75 42.26 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
1454 0.589
165
Table E.1 (Contd.)
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Panther River5-
23 150 Mole % 7.96 73.85 0.75 17.27 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
714 0.758
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Panther River5-
23 150 Mole % 8.74 69.95 0.89 20.27 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
1064 0.635
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Panther River5-
23 150 Mole % 9.14 67.16 1.04 22.53 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
1374 0.543
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Panther River5-
23 150 Mole % 9.12 66.84 1.06 22.85 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
1414 0.518
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Panther River5-
23 150 Mole % 9.14 65.87 1.08 23.73 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
1594 0.452
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Panther River5-
23 175 Mole % 8.65 70.03 0.92 20.24 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
664 0.829
1014 0.726
1364 0.606
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
166
Table E.1 (Contd.)
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
167
Table E.1 (Contd.)
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Imperial FINA
Wildcat Hills 6-
35-27-6 W5M
(Smoothed
Data) 75 Mole % 6.60 3.95 0.68 83.74 2.86 0.75 0.25 0.23 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.72
P (psia) Zexpt.
513 0.913
1013 0.835 7+ Fraction Mole Wt. 139
1513 0.772 Sp. Gr. 0.7860
2013 0.736
2513 0.73
3013 0.748
3513 0.781
4013 0.825
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
168
Table E.1 (Contd.)
Imperial FINA
Wildcat Hills 6-
35-27-6 W5M
(Smoothed
Data) 99 Mole % 6.60 3.95 0.68 83.74 2.86 0.75 0.25 0.23 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.72
P (psia) Zexpt.
513 0.928
1013 0.863 7+ Fraction Mole Wt. 139
1513 0.808 Sp. Gr. 0.7860
2013 0.773
2513 0.762
3013 0.774
3513 0.801
4013 0.837
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Imperial FINA
Wildcat Hills 6-
35-27-6 W5M
(Smoothed
Data) 132 Mole % 6.60 3.95 0.68 83.74 2.86 0.75 0.25 0.23 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.72
P (psia) Zexpt.
513 0.934
1013 0.882 7+ Fraction Mole Wt. 139
1513 0.845 Sp. Gr. 0.7860
2013 0.82
2513 0.812
3013 0.821
3513 0.842
4013 0.872
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Imperial FINA
Wildcat Hills 6-
35-27-6 W5M
(Smoothed
Data) 189 Mole % 6.60 3.95 0.68 83.74 2.86 0.75 0.25 0.23 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.72
P (psia) Zexpt.
513 0.949
1013 0.912 7+ Fraction Mole Wt. 139
1513 0.889 Sp. Gr. 0.7860
2013 0.878
2513 0.874
3013 0.876
3513 0.89
4013 0.914
Reservoir T (oF) Component CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 nC6 C7+
Imperial Mobil
Brazeau River
6-11
(Smoothed
Data) 210 Mole % 3.66 2.16 0.00 89.34 3.52 0.50 0.21 0.23 0.10 0.08 0.20 0.00
P (psia) Zexpt.
169
Table E.1 (Contd.)
813 0.948
1063 0.934 7+ Fraction Mole Wt. 139
1516 0.913 Sp. Gr. 0.7860
2085 0.904
2513 0.898
2828 0.9
3013 0.901
3429 0.906
3743 0.919
4013 0.935
170
APPENDIX F
1.033
0.758
1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7
Reduced Temperature
2.0
400 Expt.
LLS 400 psia
1.5
1500 Expt.
Z-Factor
0.0
0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85
Reduced Temperature
171
Carbon Dioxide Z-Factor (LLS EOS)
1
0.8
400 Expt.
LLS 400 psia
1500 Expt.
Z-Factor
0.2
0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7
Reduced Temperature
0.75
400 Expt.
LLS 400 psia
0.5625
1500 Expt.
Z-Factor
0
0.74 0.83 0.92 1.01 1.10 1.19
Reduced Temperature
172
Nitrogen Z-Factor (LLS EOS)
1.145
1.11
400 Expt.
LLS 400 psia
1500 Expt.
Z-Factor
1.075
LLS 1500 psia
2000 Expt
LLS 2000 psia
1.04 3000 Expt
LLS 3000 psia
4000 Expt
LLS 4000 Psia
1.005
0.97
2.40 3.00 3.60 4.20 4.80
Reduced Temperature
173
APPENDIX G
FORTRAN PROGRAMS
OPEN (UNIT=5,FILE='Input_SageLaceyC1-C2_ZFactData.TXT',STATUS='old')
OPEN (UNIT=6,FILE='OUTPUT_SageLaceyC1-C2_ZFactData.TXT',STATUS='unknown')
174
If(IB .EQ. 1)Call Mixrule(Ncomp, XC, ac, bc,tc,pc, Alp, Bet, AF, wm,BIJA, am, bm, Alpm, Betm,wmix,AFmix)
If(IB .EQ. 2)Call Mixrule(Ncomp, XC, ac, bc,tc,pc, Alp, Bet, AF, wm,BIJB, am, bm, Alpm, Betm,wmix,AFmix)
If(IB .EQ. 3)Call Mixrule(Ncomp, XC, ac, bc,tc,pc, Alp, Bet, AF, wm,BIJC, am, bm, Alpm, Betm,wmix,AFmix)
If(IB .EQ. 4)Call Mixrule(Ncomp, XC, ac, bc,tc,pc, Alp, Bet, AF, wm,BIJD, am, bm, Alpm, Betm,wmix,AFmix)
call Zfactr (Alpm, Betm, am, bm, PP(I), TT, R, ZV, ZL)
call TcPcMix(am,bm,Alpm,Betm,R,Tcm,Pcm)
DenV=PP(I)*wmix/(ZV*R*TT)
APD=((ZV-Zexpt(I,J))/Zexpt(I,J))*100.0
AAPD=AAPD+ABS(APD)
! write (6,*)
! write (6,15) TT,PP(I),ZV,ZL,Zexpt(I,J),APD
ZZV(IB,I)=ZV
15 Format(2F8.1,5F8.4)
140 Continue
DatP=NDataP
AAPD=AAPD/DatP
APDB(IB)=AAPD
! write(6,*)'End of Data = ',K
! write(6,*)'Average Absolute Percent Deviation = ',AAPD
145 Continue
Do 146 I=1,NDataP
write (6,15) TT,PP(I),(ZZV(N1,I),N1=1,4),Zexpt(I,J)
146 Continue
write(6,51)(APDB(N1),N1=1,4)
51 Format(16X,5F8.2)
write(6,25)
160 Continue
25 Format(/)
100 Continue
close(5)
close(6)
STOP
END
Subroutine Zfactr (Alp, Bet, AT, BC, P, T, R, ZV, ZL)
Dimension Coef(4),RT(3)
AA = AT*P/(R**2*T**2)
BB = BC*P/(R*T)
Coef(1) = 1.
Coef(2) = -(1.+(1-Alp)*BB)
Coef(3) = AA-(Alp*BB)-(Bet+Alp)*BB**2
Coef(4) = -(AA*BB-Bet*(BB**2+BB**3))
Call Cubic (MTYPE, Coef, RT)
! write(6,*) 'Root=',RT
Rmin = 1.E+10
Rmax = 1.E-10
Do 70 I=1,3
if (RT(I).LE. 0.0) Go to 70
if (RT(I).LT. BB) Go to 70
if (RT(I).GT. Rmax) Rmax = RT(I)
if (RT(I).LT. Rmin) Rmin = RT(I)
70 Continue
ZV=Rmax
ZL=Rmin
Return
End
175
Coef(1) = 1.0
Coef(2) = -(1.0/Zc+(1.0-Alp)*omgb*Pr/(Zc*tr))
Coef(3) = omga*Pr/(Zc**2*tr**(2+theta))-Alp*omgb*Pr/(Zc**2*tr)-(Alp+Bet)*(omgb*Pr/(Zc*tr))**2
Coef(4) = -(omga*omgb*Pr**2/(Zc**3*tr**(3+theta))-Bet*(1.0/Zc*(omgb*Pr/(Zc*tr))**2+(omgb*Pr/(Zc*tr))**3))
Call Cubic (MTYPE, Coef, RT)
! write(6,*) 'Root=',RT
Rmin = 1.E+10
Rmax = 1.E-10
Do 70 I=1,3
if (RT(I).LE. 0.0) Go to 70
if (RT(I).LT. BB) Go to 70
if (RT(I).GT. Rmax) Rmax = RT(I)
if (RT(I).LT. Rmin) Rmin = RT(I)
70 Continue
ZV=Rmax*Zc
ZL=Rmin*Zc
Return
End
Subroutine TcPcMix(am,bm,alpm,betm,R,Tcm,Pcm)
Dimension RTB(3), RTZ(3)
call Bcfact (alpm, betm, Bc,RTB)
call Zcfactr (alpm, betm, Zc, RTZ)
denom = 3*zc**2+(alpm+betm)*Bc**2+alpm*Bc
176
Pcm = (am*Bc**2)/(bm**2*denom)
Tcm = (am*Bc)/(bm*R*denom)
return
End
Subroutine Para(AF,zc,wm,tc,pc,R,TT,Alp,Bet,ac,bc)
omgww = 0.361/(1.0+0.0274*AF)
Alp = (1.0+omgww*zc-3.0*zc)/(omgww*zc)
Bet = (zc*zc*(omgww-1.0)**3.0+(2.0*zc*omgww**2)+&
omgww*(1.0-3.0*zc))/(omgww**2*zc)
omga = (1.0+(omgww-1.0)*zc)**3.0
omgb = omgww*zc
tr = TT/tc
theta = 0.309833 + 1.763758*AF + 0.720661*AF*AF - 1.363589*AF**3 - 4.005783*AF/sqrt(wm)
tmp = tr ** (-theta/2.0)
! theta = 0.19708+0.08627*AF+0.35714*AF**2+3.59015E-03*AF*wm
! tmp = tr**(-theta)
CB = omgb*R*tc/pc
CA = omga*R**2*tc**2/pc
ac = CA*tmp
bc = CB
Return
End
Subroutine Mixrule(Ncomp, x, ac, bc,tc,pc, Alp, Bet, AF, wm,BIN, Sumam,bmLLS, SumAlpm, SumBetm,wmmix,AFmix)
Dimension x(20), ac(20), bc(20), Alp(20), Bet(20), AF(20), wm(20),tc(20),pc(20),BIN(15,15)
Sumam = 0.0
SumbmLLS = 0.0
SumAlpm = 0.0
SumBetm = 0.0
wmmix = 0.0
AFmix = 0.0
Do 10 I = 1,Ncomp
Sumbm = Sumbm + x(I)*bc(I)
AFmix=AFmix+x(I)*sqrt(AF(I))
wmmix=wmmix+x(I)*sqrt(wm(I))
SumbmLLS = SumbmLLS + x(I)*bc(I)**(1.0/3.0)
Do 10 J = 1,Ncomp
Sumam = Sumam + x(I)*x(J)*sqrt(ac(I))*sqrt(ac(J))*BIN(I,J)
SumAlpm = SumAlpm + x(I)*x(J)*sqrt(Alp(I))*sqrt(Alp(J))*BIN(I,J)
SumBetm = SumBetm + x(I)*x(J)*sqrt(Bet(I))*sqrt(Bet(J))*BIN(I,J)
10 Continue
bmLLS = (SumbmLLS)**3.0
AFmix=AFmix**2
wmmix=wmmix**2
Return
End
Subroutine BinIJ(Ncomp,AF,wm,tc,pc, BIJA,BIJB,BIJC,BIJD)
Dimension AF(20),wm(20),tc(20),pc(20)
Dimension BIJA(15,15),BIJB(15,15),BIJC(15,15),BIJD(15,15)
Do 10 I = 1,Ncomp
Do 10 J = 1,Ncomp
AFI=AF(I)
AFJ=AF(J)
WMI=wm(I)
WMJ=wm(J)
AFWI=wm(I)*AF(I)
AFWJ=wm(J)*AF(J)
TPCI=tc(I)/sqrt(pc(I))
TPCJ=tc(J)/sqrt(pc(J))
!
If(AFI.LE.AFJ) BIJA(I,J) = (AFI/AFJ)**0.5
If(AFI.GT.AFJ) BIJA(I,J)= (AFJ/AFI)**0.5
!
177
If(WMI.LE.WMJ) BIJB(I,J) = (WMI/WMJ)**0.5
If(WMI.GT.WMJ) BIJB(I,J) = (WMJ/WMI)**0.5
!
If(AFWI.LE.AFWJ) BIJC(I,J) = (AFWI/AFWJ)**0.5
If(AFWI.GT.AFWJ) BIJC(I,J) = (AFWJ/AFWI)**0.5
!
If(TPCI.LE.TPCJ) BIJD(I,J) = (TPCI/TPCJ)**0.5
If(TPCI.GT.TPCJ) BIJD(I,J) = (TPCJ/TPCI)**0.5
10 Continue
Return
End
Subroutine Cubic(MTYPE,A,Z)
DIMENSION B(3), A(4), Z(3)
B(1)=A(2)/A(1)
B10V3=B(1)/3.0
B(2)=A(3)/A(1)
B(3)=A(4)/A(1)
ALF=B(2)-B(1)*B10V3
BBT=2.0*B10V3**3-B(2)*B10V3+B(3)
BETOV=BBT/2.0
ALFOV=ALF/3.0
CUAOV=ALFOV**3
SQBOV=BETOV**2
DEL=SQBOV+CUAOV
IF (DEL) 90,10,40
10 MTYPE = 0
! Three Equal Roots
GAM=SQRT(-ALFOV)
IF (BBT) 30,30,20
20 Z(1) = -2.0*GAM-B10V3
Z(2) = GAM-B10V3
Z(3) = Z(2)
GO TO 130
30 Z(1) = 2.0*GAM-B10V3
Z(2) = -GAM-B10V3
Z(3) = Z(2)
GO TO 130
40 MTYPE = 1
! One Real Root & 2 Imaginary Conjugate Roots
EPS=SQRT(DEL)
TAU=-BETOV
RCU=TAU+EPS
SCU=TAU-EPS
SIR=1.0
SIS=1.0
IF (RCU) 50,60,60
50 SIR=-1.0
60 IF (SCU) 70,80,80
70 SIS=-1.0
80 R=SIR*(SIR*RCU)**0.3333333333
S=SIS*(SIS*SCU)**0.3333333333
Z(1)=R+S-B10V3
Z(2)=-(R+S)/2.0-B10V3
Z(3)=0.86602540*(R-S)
GO TO 130
90 MTYPE = -1
! Three Dissimilar and Real Roots
QUOT=SQBOV/CUAOV
RCOT=SQRT(-QUOT)
IF (BBT) 110,100,100
100 PEI=(1.5707963+ATAN(RCOT/SQRT(1.0-RCOT**2)))/3.0
GO TO 120
110 PEI=ATAN(SQRT(1.0-RCOT**2)/RCOT)/3.0
120 FACT=2.0*SQRT(-ALFOV)
Z(1)=FACT*COS(PEI)-B10V3
178
PEI=PEI+2.0943951
Z(2)=FACT*COS(PEI)-B10V3
PEI=PEI+2.0943951
Z(3)=FACT*COS(PEI)-B10V3
130 CONTINUE
IF (MTYPE .EQ. 1) Z(2) = -99.99
IF (MTYPE .EQ. 1) Z(3) = -99.99
RETURN
END
OPEN (UNIT=5,FILE='Input-Elsh_SPE74369.TXT',STATUS='old')
OPEN (UNIT=6,FILE='OUTPUT-LLS-Elsh-SPE74369.TXT',STATUS='unknown')
WRITE (6,*) 'LLS-Elsh-SPE74369'
Read (5,*)NData
Read (5,*)(Zexpt(I),I=1,NData)
R = 10.73
AAPD=0.0
! BIJA = Average Acentric Factor
! BIJB = Average Molecular Weight
! BIJC = Average of Acentric Factor X Molecular Weight
! BIJD = Average of Tc / Sqrt(Pc)
IT=1
Do 100 K=1,NData
Read (5,*)Ncomp,PP(K),TT(K)
! Write (6,*) Ncomp,TT(K),PP(K)
do 20 I = 1,Ncomp
Read (5,*)XC(I),wm(I),zc(I),AF(I),omgw(I),pc(I),tc(I)
! Write (6,*)XC(I),wm(I),zc(I),AF(I),omgw(I),pc(I),tc(I)
Call Para(AF(I),zc(I),wm(I),tc(I),pc(I),R,TT,Alp(I),Bet(I),ac(I),bc(I))
! write(6,*)I,TT(K),AF(I),zc(I),wm(I),tc(I),pc(I),Alp(I),Bet(I),ac(I),bc(I)
! write(6,*)I,TT(K),PP(K),Alp(I),Bet(I),ac(I),bc(I)
20 continue
! Computation of Binary Interaction Parameter
Call BinIJ(Ncomp,AF,wm,tc,pc, BIJA,BIJB,BIJC,BIJD)
!
If(IT .GT. 1) GO TO 122
Do 121 II=1,Ncomp
121 write(6,126) (BIJA(II,JJ),JJ=II,Ncomp)
write(6,127)
Do 123 II=1,Ncomp
123 write(6,126) (BIJB(II,JJ),JJ=II,Ncomp)
write(6,127)
Do 124 II=1,Ncomp
124 write(6,126) (BIJC(II,JJ),JJ=II,Ncomp)
write(6,127)
Do 125 II=1,Ncomp
125 write(6,126) (BIJD(II,JJ),JJ=II,Ncomp)
write(6,127)
126 Format(12F6.3)
127 Format(/)
IT=IT+1
122 Continue
! write(6,*)'End of Data = ',K
Do 145 IB=1,4
AAPD=0.0
179
If(IB .EQ. 1)Call Mixrule(Ncomp, XC, ac, bc,tc,pc, Alp, Bet, AF, wm,BIJA, am, bm, Alpm, Betm,wmix,AFmix)
If(IB .EQ. 2)Call Mixrule(Ncomp, XC, ac, bc,tc,pc, Alp, Bet, AF, wm,BIJB, am, bm, Alpm, Betm,wmix,AFmix)
If(IB .EQ. 3)Call Mixrule(Ncomp, XC, ac, bc,tc,pc, Alp, Bet, AF, wm,BIJC, am, bm, Alpm, Betm,wmix,AFmix)
If(IB .EQ. 4)Call Mixrule(Ncomp, XC, ac, bc,tc,pc, Alp, Bet, AF, wm,BIJD, am, bm, Alpm, Betm,wmix,AFmix)
! call Mixrule(Ncomp, XC, ac, bc,tc,pc,Alp, Bet, AF, wm, am, bm, Alpm, Betm,wmix,AFmix)
call Zfactr (Alpm, Betm, am, bm, PP(K), TT(K), R, ZV, ZL)
call TcPcMix(am,bm,Alpm,Betm,R,Tcm,Pcm)
! DenV=PP*wmix/(ZV*R*TT(K))
APD=((ZV-Zexpt(K))/Zexpt(K))*100.0
AAPD=AAPD+ABS(APD)
APDB(IB,K)=AAPD
! write (6,*);write (6,*)
! write (6,15) TT(K),PP(K),ZV,ZL,Zexpt(K),APD
ZZV(IB,K)=ZV
15 Format(2F8.1,5F8.4)
145 Continue
100 continue
Dat=NData
AAPD=AAPD/Dat
! write(6,*)'Average Absolute Percent Deviation = ',AAPD
Do 146 I=1,NData
write (6,15) TT(I),PP(I),(ZZV(N1,I),N1=1,4),Zexpt(I)
146 Continue
APDA2=0.0
APDB2=0.0
APDC2=0.0
APDD2=0.0
Do 147 I=1,NData
APDA2=APDA2+APDB(1,I)
APDB2=APDB2+APDB(2,I)
APDC2=APDC2+APDB(3,I)
APDD2=APDD2+APDB(4,I)
147 Continue
DEV(1)=APDA2/Dat
DEV(2)=APDB2/Dat
DEV(3)=APDC2/Dat
DEV(4)=APDD2/Dat
write(6,51)(DEV(N1),N1=1,4)
51 Format(16X,5F8.2)
close(5)
close(6)
STOP
END
Subroutine Zfactr (Alp, Bet, AT, BC, P, T, R, ZV, ZL)
Dimension Coef(4),RT(3)
AA = AT*P/(R**2*T**2)
BB = BC*P/(R*T)
Coef(1) = 1.
Coef(2) = -(1.+(1-Alp)*BB)
Coef(3) = AA-(Alp*BB)-(Bet+Alp)*BB**2
Coef(4) = -(AA*BB-Bet*(BB**2+BB**3))
Call Cubic (MTYPE, Coef, RT)
! write(6,*) 'Root=',RT
Rmin = 1.E+10
Rmax = 1.E-10
Do 70 I=1,3
if (RT(I).LE. 0.0) Go to 70
if (RT(I).LT. BB) Go to 70
if (RT(I).GT. Rmax) Rmax = RT(I)
if (RT(I).LT. Rmin) Rmin = RT(I)
70 Continue
ZV=Rmax
ZL=Rmin
Return
End
180
Subroutine ZRedMix (Alp, Bet,AF,wm, Zc,Pr,tr, ZV, ZL)
Dimension Coef(4),RT(3)
w=AF
theta = 0.309833 + 1.763758*w + 0.720661*w*w - 1.363589*w**3 - 4.005783*w/(sqrt(wm))
tmp = tr ** (-theta/2.0)
omgW=0.361/(1.0+0.0274*w)
omga=(1.0+(omgW-1.0)*Zc)**3
omgb = omgW*Zc
Coef(1) = 1.0
Coef(2) = -(1.0/Zc+(1.0-Alp)*omgb*Pr/(Zc*tr))
Coef(3) = omga*Pr/(Zc**2*tr**(2+theta))-Alp*omgb*Pr/(Zc**2*tr)-(Alp+Bet)*(omgb*Pr/(Zc*tr))**2
Coef(4) = -(omga*omgb*Pr**2/(Zc**3*tr**(3+theta))-Bet*(1.0/Zc*(omgb*Pr/(Zc*tr))**2+(omgb*Pr/(Zc*tr))**3))
Call Cubic (MTYPE, Coef, RT)
! write(6,*) 'Root=',RT
Rmin = 1.E+10
Rmax = 1.E-10
Do 70 I=1,3
if (RT(I).LE. 0.0) Go to 70
if (RT(I).LT. BB) Go to 70
if (RT(I).GT. Rmax) Rmax = RT(I)
if (RT(I).LT. Rmin) Rmin = RT(I)
70 Continue
ZV=Rmax*Zc
ZL=Rmin*Zc
Return
End
181
Return
End
Subroutine TcPcMix(am,bm,alpm,betm,R,Tcm,Pcm)
Dimension RTB(3), RTZ(3)
call Bcfact (alpm, betm, Bc,RTB)
call Zcfactr (alpm, betm, Zc, RTZ)
denom = 3*zc**2+(alpm+betm)*Bc**2+alpm*Bc
Pcm = (am*Bc**2)/(bm**2*denom)
Tcm = (am*Bc)/(bm*R*denom)
return
End
Subroutine Para(AF,zc,wm,tc,pc,R,TT,Alp,Bet,ac,bc)
omgww = 0.361/(1.0+0.0274*AF)
Alp = (1.0+omgww*zc-3.0*zc)/(omgww*zc)
Bet = (zc*zc*(omgww-1.0)**3.0+(2.0*zc*omgww**2)+&
omgww*(1.0-3.0*zc))/(omgww**2*zc)
omga = (1.0+(omgww-1.0)*zc)**3.0
omgb = omgww*zc
tr = TT/tc
theta = 0.309833 + 1.763758*AF + 0.720661*AF*AF - 1.363589*AF**3 - 4.005783*AF/sqrt(wm)
tmp = tr ** (-theta/2.0)
! theta = 0.19708+0.08627*AF+0.35714*AF**2+3.59015E-03*AF*wm
! tmp = tr**(-theta)
CB = omgb*R*tc/pc
CA = omga*R**2*tc**2/pc
ac = CA*tmp
bc = CB
Return
End
Subroutine Mixrule(Ncomp, x, ac, bc,tc,pc, Alp, Bet, AF, wm,BIN, Sumam,bmLLS, SumAlpm, SumBetm,wmmix,AFmix)
Dimension x(20), ac(20), bc(20), Alp(20), Bet(20), AF(20), wm(20),&
tc(20),pc(20),BIN(15,15)
Sumam = 0.0
SumbmLLS = 0.0
SumAlpm = 0.0
SumBetm = 0.0
wmmix = 0.0
AFmix = 0.0
Do 10 I = 1,Ncomp
Sumbm = Sumbm + x(I)*bc(I)
AFmix=AFmix+x(I)*sqrt(AF(I))
wmmix=wmmix+x(I)*sqrt(wm(I))
SumbmLLS = SumbmLLS + x(I)*bc(I)**(1.0/3.0)
Do 10 J = 1,Ncomp
Sumam = Sumam + x(I)*x(J)*sqrt(ac(I))*sqrt(ac(J))*BIN(I,J)
SumAlpm = SumAlpm + x(I)*x(J)*sqrt(Alp(I))*sqrt(Alp(J))*BIN(I,J)
SumBetm = SumBetm + x(I)*x(J)*sqrt(Bet(I))*sqrt(Bet(J))*BIN(I,J)
10 Continue
bmLLS = (SumbmLLS)**3.0
AFmix=AFmix**2
wmmix=wmmix**2
Return
End
Subroutine BinIJ(Ncomp,AF,wm,tc,pc, BIJA,BIJB,BIJC,BIJD)
Dimension AF(20),wm(20),tc(20),pc(20)
Dimension BIJA(15,15),BIJB(15,15),BIJC(15,15),BIJD(15,15)
Do 10 I = 1,Ncomp
Do 10 J = 1,Ncomp
AFI=AF(I)
AFJ=AF(J)
WMI=wm(I)
182
WMJ=wm(J)
AFWI=wm(I)*AF(I)
AFWJ=wm(J)*AF(J)
TPCI=tc(I)/sqrt(pc(I))
TPCJ=tc(J)/sqrt(pc(J))
!
If(AFI.LE.AFJ) BIJA(I,J) = (AFI/AFJ)**0.5
If(AFI.GT.AFJ) BIJA(I,J)= (AFJ/AFI)**0.5
!
If(WMI.LE.WMJ) BIJB(I,J) = (WMI/WMJ)**0.5
If(WMI.GT.WMJ) BIJB(I,J) = (WMJ/WMI)**0.5
!
If(AFWI.LE.AFWJ) BIJC(I,J) = (AFWI/AFWJ)**0.5
If(AFWI.GT.AFWJ) BIJC(I,J) = (AFWJ/AFWI)**0.5
!
If(TPCI.LE.TPCJ) BIJD(I,J) = (TPCI/TPCJ)**0.5
If(TPCI.GT.TPCJ) BIJD(I,J) = (TPCJ/TPCI)**0.5
10 Continue
Return
End
Subroutine Cubic(MTYPE,A,Z)
DIMENSION B(3), A(4), Z(3)
B(1)=A(2)/A(1)
B10V3=B(1)/3.0
B(2)=A(3)/A(1)
B(3)=A(4)/A(1)
ALF=B(2)-B(1)*B10V3
BBT=2.0*B10V3**3-B(2)*B10V3+B(3)
BETOV=BBT/2.0
ALFOV=ALF/3.0
CUAOV=ALFOV**3
SQBOV=BETOV**2
DEL=SQBOV+CUAOV
IF (DEL) 90,10,40
10 MTYPE = 0
! Three Equal Roots
GAM=SQRT(-ALFOV)
IF (BBT) 30,30,20
20 Z(1) = -2.0*GAM-B10V3
Z(2) = GAM-B10V3
Z(3) = Z(2)
GO TO 130
30 Z(1) = 2.0*GAM-B10V3
Z(2) = -GAM-B10V3
Z(3) = Z(2)
GO TO 130
40 MTYPE = 1
! One Real Root & 2 Imaginary Conjugate Roots
EPS=SQRT(DEL)
TAU=-BETOV
RCU=TAU+EPS
SCU=TAU-EPS
SIR=1.0
SIS=1.0
IF (RCU) 50,60,60
50 SIR=-1.0
60 IF (SCU) 70,80,80
70 SIS=-1.0
80 R=SIR*(SIR*RCU)**0.3333333333
S=SIS*(SIS*SCU)**0.3333333333
Z(1)=R+S-B10V3
Z(2)=-(R+S)/2.0-B10V3
Z(3)=0.86602540*(R-S)
GO TO 130
90 MTYPE = -1
183
! Three Dissimilar and Real Roots
QUOT=SQBOV/CUAOV
RCOT=SQRT(-QUOT)
IF (BBT) 110,100,100
100 PEI=(1.5707963+ATAN(RCOT/SQRT(1.0-RCOT**2)))/3.0
GO TO 120
110 PEI=ATAN(SQRT(1.0-RCOT**2)/RCOT)/3.0
120 FACT=2.0*SQRT(-ALFOV)
Z(1)=FACT*COS(PEI)-B10V3
PEI=PEI+2.0943951
Z(2)=FACT*COS(PEI)-B10V3
PEI=PEI+2.0943951
Z(3)=FACT*COS(PEI)-B10V3
130 CONTINUE
IF (MTYPE .EQ. 1) Z(2) = -99.99
IF (MTYPE .EQ. 1) Z(3) = -99.99
RETURN
END
184
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