Beruflich Dokumente
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Dr. Tiab was president of the consulting finn United Petroleum Technologies
Corporation (UPTEC) for fourteen years: 1980 - 1984 and 1990 - present. He
has consulted for a number of oil companies and offered training programs in
petroleum engineering in the USA and overseas. He worked for over two years
in the oil fields of Algeria for Alcore, S.A., an association of Sonatrach and Core
Laboratories. He has also worked and consulted for Core Laboratories and
Western Atlas in Houston, Texas, for four years (1989-1993) as a Senior
Reservoir Engineer Advisor.
As a researcher at the University of Oklahoma, Dr. Tiab received several
research grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF), United States
Department of Energy (DoE), U.S. Department of HEW, oil companies,
Oklahoma Mining and Mineral Resources Institute, EPSCoR and the Energy
Resources Institute. He is a member of the U.S. Research Council, SPE, Core
Analysis Society, Pi Epsilon Ta~ and American Men and Women of Science.
He served as a technical editor of various SPE journals. He is currently a
member of the SPE Pressure Analysis Transaction Committee.
Dr. Tiab is the author of over 100 journal and conference technical papers in the
area of pressure transient analysis, petrophysics, natural gas engineering,
reservoir characterization, reservoir engineering and injection processes. In 1975
(M.S. thesis) and 1976 (Ph.D. dissertation), Tiab introduced the pressure
derivative technique which revolutionized the interpretation of pressure
transient tests. He received several patents in the area of reservoir
characterization (identification of flow units). He is the senior author of the
textbook "PETROPHYSICS", published by Gulf Publishing Company, 1st
Edition in October 1996 and 2nd Edition in 2000. He is currently working on two
new books: "Advances in Pressure Transient Analysis" and "Advances in
Petrophysics. "
page
1.1
PART 1 - INTR ODUC TION
2.1
PART 2 - PHYS ICAL PROP ERTI ES OF GAS
2.2
2. 1 - PVT Diagr am
2.8
2. 2 - Equat ions Of State Or Gas Laws
2.19
2. 3 - Gas Devia tion Facto r Z
2.37
2. 4 - Corre lation s Of Z For Comp uter Progr ammi ng
2.42
2. 5 - Pseud ocritic al Prope rties For Gas Conde nsate
and Wet Gas
2.50
2. 6 - Comp ressib ility Of Gas (c g)
2.55
2. 7 - Viscosity Of Gases
2.68
2.8 - Forma tion Volum e Facto r
2.71
2. 9 - Specific Gravi ty Of Gas And Gas Conde nsate
Reserv oirs
2.80
2.10 - Vapor Pressu re
2.83
2.11 - Fluid Samp ling Techn iques
2.90
2.12 - Addit ional Exam ples
2A-1
APPE NDIX 2.A - Figure s and Table s
Introduction
1. INTRODUCTION
Note to students: These lecture notes are based on Chapters 1, 6, 7 and 10 of the SPE
Textbook Series Vol. 5, by J. Lee and R. A. Wattenberger. This book is used as a
required textbook for the course PE 4463 - Natural Gas Engineering, which I teach at the
University of Oklahoma. These notes are solely used to prepare transparencies for
classroom presentation, and not intended for commercial use.
Part 2 presents methods for estimating reservoir fluid properties required for gas-
reservoir-engineering calculations. First, PVT diagrams are used to define different types
of gas reservoirs such as (1) dry gas, (2) wet gas, and (3) gas-condensate reservoirs.
Then, the equations of state are presented, followed by a large number of correlations
used to determine physical properties of the gas. Fluid sampling techniques are finally
presented for each type of the gas reservoirs mentioned above.
Part 3 focuses on estimating original gas in place, gas reserves, and recovery factors for a
variety of reservoir drive mechanisms. The first section discusses volumetric methods, in-
cluding data requirements, calculation techniques, and limitations of the methods. This
first section includes equations for volumetric dry reservoirs, dry-gas reservoirs with
water influx, and volumetric wet-gas and gas-condensate reservoirs. Next, analysis
techniques based on material-balance concepts are discussed. An equation for a
volumetric gas reservoir is first derived in which gas expansion is the primary source of
energy. This equation is then modified to include other external and internal energy
sources (e.g., water influx, compressibility of connate water, and rock PV) and the effects
of water vaporization and hydrocarbon phase changes. Applications of both volumetric
and material-balance methods are illustrated with examples.
1.1
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