Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Abstract: The main part for a vehicle suspension mass centralization concept may antiquate the
is the shock absorber, which is manufactured for present telescopic forks
reducing shock impulse. Shock absorber work on
1. INTRODUCTION
the principle of fluid displacement on
compression and expansion cycle. They are used The suspension system is the main part of
in motorcycles for providing better handling, the vehicle, where the shock absorber is designed
prompt braking, safety and comfort by keeping mechanically to handle shock impulse and
the passengers isolated from road noise, bumps dissipate kinetic energy. In a vehicle, shock
and vibration. The common type of the front absorbers reduce the effect of traveling over rough
suspension in motorcycle is Telescopic forks ground, leading to improved ride quality and
which are replaced by the Mono Shocks that vehicle handling. While shock absorbers serve the
gives a superior vehicle handling and provides purpose of limiting excessive suspension
safety while braking. Mono shock also allows the movement, their intended sole purpose is to damp
rider to fine tune the machine to give better spring oscillations. Hysteresis is the tendency for
control over the machine when riding. The otherwise elastic materials to rebound with less
springs in Mono Shock have been designed by force than was required to deform them. Hence,
taking considerations of many practical the designing of suspension system is very crucial.
conditions like dynamic resistances, road tracks In modeling the time is spent in drawing the coil
and aerodynamic properties. In this design the spring model and the front suspension system,
uneven vibrations in the telescopic forks have where risk involved in design and manufacturing
been balanced by using the Mass Centralization process can be easily minimized. So the modeling
concept in the pivoted centre point of the front of the coil spring is made by using SOLID
suspension in the motorcycle using Mono WORKS. Later the model is imported to ANSYS
Shocks. The Mono Shock geometry gives a rising for the analysis work.
rate of damping characteristics to the front
suspensions and the designed springs used to
restrict a downgraded dynamics when it returns
to the immobility state posterior to humps and
bumps. This design of front suspension using
IJRAET
128
Volume 5, Issue 2 DEC 2015
IJRAET
129
Volume 5, Issue 2 DEC 2015
reserved specifically for the hydraulic piston that Fig3: Spring model
absorbs and dissipates vibration. 1.4 Introduction to Ansys
Many problems in engineering and
1.2 Introduction to Solid Works: applied science are governed by differential or
Solid works mechanical design integral equations. The solutions to these equations
automation software is a feature-based, parametric would provide an exact, closed form solution to
solid modeling design tool which advantage of the the particular problem being studied. However,
easy to learn windows graphical user interface. We complexities in the geometry, properties and in the
can create fully associate 3-D solid models with or boundary conditions that are seen in most real
without while utilizing automatic or user defined world problems usually means that an exact
relations to capture design intent. solution cannot be obtained in a reasonable
Parameters refer to constraints whose amount of time. They are content to obtain
values determine the shape or geometry of the approximate solutions that can be readily obtained
model or assembly. Parameters can be either in a reasonable time frame and with reasonable
numeric parameters, such as line lengths or circle effort. The FEM is one such approximate solution
diameters, or geometric parameters, such as technique.
tangent, parallel, concentric, horizontal or vertical, The FEM is a numerical procedure for
etc. Numeric parameters can be associated with obtaining approximate solutions to many of the
each other through the use of relations, which problems encountered in engineering analysis. In
allow them to capture design intent. the FEM, a complex region defining a continuum
1.3 Different Modules in Solid Works is discretised into simple geometric shapes called
PART DESIGN elements. The properties and the governing
ASSEMBLY relationships are assumed over these elements and
DRAWING expressed mathematically in terms of unknown
SHEETMETAL values at specific points in the elements called
ANALYSIS nodes. An assembly process is used to link the
By using the solid works software was designed individual elements to the linked system. When the
the 3D model of solid and spring because effects of loads and boundary conditions are
compared to the other 3D software’s solid works is considered, a set of linear or nonlinear algebraic
easy to design. equations is usually obtained. Solution of these
equations gives the approximate behavior of the
continuum or system. The continuum has an
infinite number of degrees of freedom (DOF),
while the discredited model has a finite number of
DOF. This is the origin of the name, finite element
method.
IJRAET
130
Volume 5, Issue 2 DEC 2015
IJRAET 131
Volume 5, Issue 2 DEC 2015
design stress is found between the corresponding The program automatically creates a mixed mesh
loads 3 to 6 N. It is seen that at 7N load, it crosses when different geometries (solid, shell, structural
the yield stress (yield stress is 903 N/mm2). By members etc.) exist in the model.
considering the factor of safety 1.5 to 2. It is Define component contact and contact sets.
obvious that the allowable design stress is 419 to Mesh the model to divide the model into many
838 N/mm2. So the corresponding loads are 3 to 6 small pieces called elements. Fatigue and
N. Therefore it is concluded that the maximum optimization studies use the meshes in referenced
safe pay load for the given specification of the studies.
helical compression spring is 4 N. At lower loads Run the study.
both theoretical and NASTRAN results are very View results.
close, but when load increases the NASTRAN 3.3 Theoretical Calculations
results are uniformly reduced compared to W= load applied
theoretical results. D= mean diameter
d = spring wire diameter
3. METHODOLOGIES G= modulus of rigidity
3.1 Design Procedure At LOAD =850 N
3.1.1 Spring Specifications
Coil mean diameter (D) =40 mm, Shear Stress Factor (K) = 1 +
IJRAET
132
Volume 5, Issue 2 DEC 2015
2
J = Polar moment of inertia of a spring wire Tensile 723.826N/ 94 N/mm 513.61N/m
2 2
Strength mm m
J= × Elastic 210000N/m 2100 200000N/
2 2 2
Modulus m N/mm mm
J= ×8 Poisson’ 0.28 0.394 0.28
s Ratio
3 3
J=0.785 Mass 7700 g/cm 7800 7800 g/cm
3
Density g/cm
G= modulus of rigidity of the material Shear 79000 318.9N/m 77000
2 2 2
τ
Modulus N/mm m N/mm
Angular deflection =
Thermal 1.3e-005 1.18e-007 1.1e-005
Expansi /Kelvin /Kelvin /Kelvin
186.01 × 180 on
=
0.785 × 87500 Coeffici
ent
=0.4874
4.2 SIMULATIONS ON SPRING MODEL
Deflection of spring = ×
Material—Alloy Steel
δ = 0.4874 ×
δ =9.74mm
IJRAET
133
Volume 5, Issue 2 DEC 2015
Fig6 shows Maximum Shear Stress for Fig9 shows Maximum Deflection for Alloy Steel
Chromium Vanadium Steel at 850 N at 850 N
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Alloy Steel Chromium Stain less
Vanadium Steel
Fig8 shows Maximum Shear Stress for Stain Steeel
less Steel at 850 N
Maximum Shear Stress Deflection
IJRAET
134
Volume 5, Issue 2 DEC 2015
THEORTICAL ANALYTICAL
Fig11 shows Maximum Deflection for Alloy
Steel at 1050 N Graph2 Shows Comparison of Maximum Shear
Similarly for other Loads Stress At different loads For Theoretical and
IJRAET
135
Volume 5, Issue 2 DEC 2015
S.no Load Deflection Deflection Therefore, from the above practical results alloy
(N) (δ) (δ) steel material is more stable and gives good
mm mm efficiency compared to other two material .
(Analytical) (Theoretical)
9.12 6. REFERENCES:
1 850 9.74
1. N.Lavanya, P.Sampath Rao, M.Pramod Reddy “
2 1050 11.5 12.04 Design and Analysis of A Suspension Coil
3 1550 17.21 17.77 Spring For Automotive Vehicle,” Int. Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications
4 2050 22.80 23.51 www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 9
5 2550 28.50 29.24 (Version 5), September 2014, pp.151-157.
2. Kommalapati.Rameshbabu , Tippa Bhimasankara
Rao “ Design Evaluation of a Two Wheeler
Deformation Suspension System for Variable Load Conditions
”International Journal of Computational
40
Engineering Research||Vol, 03||Issue, 4||
3. C.Madan Mohan Reddy,D.Ravindra Naik, Dr
20
M.Lakshmi Kantha Reddy had done “ Analysis
0 And Testing Of Two Wheeler Suspension Helical
Compression Spring”, IOSR Journal of
850 N 1050 N 1550 N 2050 N 2550 N
Engineering (IOSRJEN) www.iosrjen.org ISSN
THEORTICAL ANALYTICAL (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719 Vol. 04,
Issue 06 (June. 2014), ||V1|| PP 55-60
4. S. S. Gaikwad, P. S. Kachare“Static Analysis of
Graph3 Shows Comparison of Maximum
Helical Compression Spring Used in Two-Wheeler
Deflection At different loads For Theoretical and Horn”International Journal of Engineering and
Analytical values Advanced Technology (IJEAT)ISSN: 2249 –
8958, Volume-2, Issue-3 February 2013
5. Reza N. Jazar (2008). Vehicle Dynamics: Theory
5. CONCLUSION:
and Applications. Spring. p. 455. Retrieved 2012-
In this suspension spring, three different 06-24.
materials like alloy steel, chromium vanadium 6. "Suspension Basics 1 - Why We Need It". Initial
Dave. Retrieved 2015-01-29.
steel, stainless steel were used with a constant load
7. Adams, William Bridges (1837). English Pleasure
of 850N. Among the above materials alloy steel Carriages. London: Charles Knight & Co.
material give the better stress and deformation 8. "Suspension Basics 3 - Leaf Springs". Initial
Dave. Retrieved 2015-01-29.
values comparing to other two materials. Mostly
9. "wagon and carriage".
prefer alloy steel material for bike suspension 10. "The Washington Times, Sunday 30 June 1901".
spring due it its material stability and ductility by Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. Retrieved2012-08-16.
observing those analysis stress and deformation 11. Jain, K.K.; Asthana, R.B. Automobile
Engineering. London: Tata McGraw-Hill. pp. 293–
values. Alloy steel material is staying stable up to 294. ISBN 0-07-044529-X.
load2550N. Later, by increasing loads the stress 12. Pages 617-620 (particularly page 619) of "Race
was crossing the yield strength of the material due Car Vehicle Dynamics" by William and Douglas
Milliken
to that the breaking of spring will be takes place.
IJRAET
136
Volume 5, Issue 2 DEC 2015
13. http://www.bmw.com/com/en/insights/technology/
technology_guide/articles/self_levelling.html?sour
ce=categories&article=self_levelling
14. "Suspension Basics 4 - Torsion Bar
Springs". Initial Dave. Retrieved 2015-01-29.
15. "Suspension Basics 5 - Coil Springs". Initial
Dave. Retrieved 2015-01-29.
16. "Suspension Basics 6 - Rubber Springs". Initial
Dave. Retrieved 2015-01-29.
17. "Suspension Basics 8 - Air Springs". Initial Dave.
Retrieved 2015-01-29.
18. "Suspension Basics 9 - Hydro pneumatic
Springs". Initial Dave. Retrieved 2015-01-29.
19. "Mitsubishi Galant", Mitsubishi Motors South
Africa website
20. "Mitsubishi Motors history 1981-1990",
Mitsubishi Motors South Africa website
21. "Technology DNA of MMC", pdf file, Mitsubishi
Motors technical review 2005
22. "MMC's new Galant.", Malay Mail, Byline: Asian
Auto, Asia Africa Intelligence Wire, 16-SEP-02
(registration required)
23. "Mitsubishi Motors Web Museum", Mitsubishi
Motors website
24. "Electromagnetic suspension". Amt.nl. 2008-11-
19. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
IJRAET
137