DATABASE FUNCTIONS

Functio
n Description
DAVERA Returns the average of selected database entries
GE
DCOUN Counts the cells that contain numbers in a database
T
DCOUN Counts nonblank cells in a database
TA
DGET Extracts from a database a single record that matches the specified criteria
DMAX Returns the maximum value from selected database entries
DMIN Returns the minimum value from selected database entries
DPROD Multiplies the values in a particular field of records that match the criteria in
UCT a database
DSTDEV Estimates the standard deviation based on a sample of selected database
entries
DSTDEV Calculates the standard deviation based on the entire population of selected
P database entries
DSUM Adds the numbers in the field column of records in the database that match
the criteria
DVAR Estimates variance based on a sample from selected database entries
DVARP Calculates variance based on the entire population of selected database
entries

Database- is the range of cells that makes up the list or database. A database is a list of related data in which rows of related
information are records, and columns of data are fields. The first row of the list contains labels for each column.
Field- indicates which column is used in the function. Enter the column label enclosed between double quotation marks, such as
"Age" or "Yield," or a number (without quotation marks) that represents the position of the column within the list: 1 for the first
column, 2 for the second column, and so on.
Criteria- is the range of cells that contains the conditions you specify. You can use any range for the criteria argument, as long
as it includes at least one column label and at least one cell below the column label in which you specify a condition for the
column.
To indicate an equality comparison operator for either text or a value, type the criteria as a string expression in the
appropriate cell in the criteria range:
=''=entry''
Where entry is the text or value you want to find. For example:
What you type in What Excel evaluates and
the cell displays
="=Davolio" =Davolio
="=3000" =3000

A B C D E F
Heigh Heigh
1 Tree t Age Yield Profit t
=Appl >10 <16
2 e
3 =Pear
Heigh
4 Tree t Age Yield Profit
5 Apple 18 20 14 105
6 Pear 12 12 10 96
7 Cherry 13 14 9 105
8 Apple 14 15 10 75
9 Pear 9 8 8 76.8
10 Apple 8 9 6 45

Formula Description (Result)

=DCOUNT(A4:E10,"Age",A1: This function looks at the records of apple trees between a height of 10 and 16 and counts
F2) how many of the Age fields in those records contain numbers. (1)
=DCOUNTA(A4:E10,"Profit", This function looks at the records of apple trees between a height of 10 and 16 and counts
A1:F2) how many of the Profit fields in those records are not blank. (1)
=DMAX(A4:E10,"Profit",A1:A The maximum profit of apple and pear trees. (105)
3)
=DMIN(A4:E10,"Profit",A1:B The minimum profit of apple trees over 10 in height. (75)
2)
=DSUM(A4:E10,"Profit",A1:A The total profit from apple trees. (225)
2)
=DSUM(A4:E10,"Profit",A1:F The total profit from apple trees with a height between 10 and 16. (75)
2)
=DPRODUCT(A4:E10,"Yield", The product of the yields from apple trees with a height greater than 10. (140)
A1:B2)
=DAVERAGE(A4:E10,"Yield", The average yield of apple trees over 10 feet in height. (12)
A1:B2)
=DAVERAGE(A4:E10,3,A4:E1 The average age of all trees in the database. (13)
0)
=DSTDEV(A4:E10,"Yield",A1: The estimated standard deviation in the yield of apple and pear trees if the data in the
A3) database is only a sample of the total orchard population. (2.97)
=DSTDEVP(A4:E10,"Yield",A The true standard deviation in the yield of apple and pear trees if the data in the database
1:A3) is the entire population. (2.65)
=DVAR(A4:E10,"Yield",A1:A3 The estimated variance in the yield of apple and pear trees if the data in the database is
) only a sample of the total orchard population. (8.8)
=DVARP(A4:E10,"Yield",A1:A The true variance in the yield of apple and pear trees if the data in the database is the
3) entire orchard population. ( 7.04)
=DGET(A4:E10,"Yield",A1:A3 Returns the #NUM! error value because more than one record meets the criteria.
) Returns the number 10.
=DGET(A4:E10,"Yield",A1:F2
)

LOOKUP FUNCTIONS

LOOKUP(lookup_value,lookup_vector, result_vector)
- looks in a one-row or one-column range(known as a vector) for a value and returns a value from the same position in
a second one-row or one-column range.
 lookup_value -value that LOOKUP searches for in the first vector.
 lookup_vector - range that contains only one row or one column.
 result_vector -range that contains only one row or column. The result_vector argument must be the same size as
lookup_vector.

Important: The values in lookup_vector must be placed in ascending order. Uppercase and lowercase texts are equivalent.
 If the LOOKUP function can't find the lookup_value, the function matches the largest value in lookup_vector that is
less than or equal to lookup_value.

EXAMPLE
A B
1 Frequency Color
2 4.14 red
3 4.19 orange
4 5.17 yellow
 5 5.77 green
6 6.39 blue

Formula Description Result

=LOOKUP(4.19,A2:A6,B Looks up 4.19 in column A, and returns the orange
2:B6) value from column B that is in the same row.
=LOOKUP(5,A2:A6,B2:B Looks up 5.00 in column A, matches the orange
6) next smallest value (4.19), and returns the
value from column B that is in the same row.
=LOOKUP(7.66,A2:A6,B Looks up 7.66 in column A, matches the blue
2:B6) next smallest value (6.39), and returns the
value from column B that is in the same row.
=LOOKUP(0,A2:A6,B2:B Looks up 0 in column A, and returns an error #N/A
6) because 0 is less than the smallest value in
the lookup_vector A2:A7.

MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, [match_type])

- searches for a specified item in a range of cells, and then returns the relative position of that item in the range. Use
MATCH instead of the LOOKUP functions when you need the position of an item in a range instead of the item itself.
 lookup_value -value that you want to match in lookup_array.
 lookup_array -range of cells being searched.
 match_type Optional. The number -1, 0, or 1. The match_type argument specifies how Excel matches lookup_value
with values in lookup_array. The default value for this argument is 1.
Match_ty
pe Behavior
1 or -MATCH finds the largest value that is less than or equal to
omitted lookup_value.
-lookup_array must be placed in ascending order
0 -MATCH finds the first value that is exactly equal to
lookup_value.
-lookup_array can be in any order.
-1 -MATCH finds the smallest value that is greater than or equal to
lookup_value.
-Lookup_array must be placed in descending order
EXAMPLE
 A B
1 Product Count
2 Bananas 25
3 Oranges 38
4 Apples 40
5 Pears 41

Formula Description Resul

t
=MATCH(39,B2:B5,1 Because there is not an exact match, the position of 2
) the next lowest value (38) in the range B2:B5 is
returned.
=MATCH(41,B2:B5,0 The position of the value 41 in the range B2:B5. 4
)
=MATCH(40,B2:B5,- Returns an error because the values in the range #N/A
1) B2:B5 are not in descending order.

COLUMN(reference)
-Returns the column number of the given cell reference.

For example, the formula =COLUMN(D10) returns 4, because column D is the fourth column.

Formula Description Result

=COLUMN() Column in which the 1 — Because no argument is specified, the function returns the value of the column that
formula appears contains the formula. In this case, the formula is in a cell in column A, so the function
returns 1.

=COLUMN(C Column number of the 3 — Because column C is the third column, the function returns 3.
10) reference C10

ROW(reference)
-Returns the row number of a reference.
 Formula Description (Result)

=ROW() Row in which the formula

appears (2)

=ROW(C Row of the reference (10)

10)

HLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,row_index_num,range_lookup)
-Searches for a value in the top row of a table or an array of values, and then returns a value in the same column from
a row you specify in the table or array.
 Lookup_value is the value to be found in the first row of the table. Lookup_value can be a value, a reference, or a text
string.
 Table_array is a table of information in which data is looked up. Use a reference to a range or a range name.
 Row_index_num is the row number in table_array from which the matching value will be returned.
 Range_lookup is a logical value that specifies whether you want HLOOKUP to find an exact match or an approximate
match. If TRUE or omitted, an approximate match is returned.
A B C
1 Axles Bearings Bolts
2 4 4 9
3 5 7 10
4 6 8 11

Formula Description (Result)

=HLOOKUP("Axles",A1:C4,2,T Looks up Axles in row 1, and returns the value from row 2 that's in the same column. (4)
RUE)

=HLOOKUP("Bearings",A1:C4, Looks up Bearings in row 1, and returns the value from row 3 that's in the same column. (7)
3,FALSE)

=HLOOKUP("B",A1:C4,3,TRUE) Looks up B in row 1, and returns the value from row 3 that's in the same column. Because B is
not an exact match, the next largest value that is less than B is used: Axles. (5)

=HLOOKUP("Bolts",A1:C4,4) Looks up Bolts in row 1, and returns the value from row 4 that's in the same column. (11)
VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])
-Looks in the first column of an array and moves across the row to return the value of a cell
 lookup_value -Value to search in the first column of the table or range.
 table_array -range of cells that contains the data
 col_index_num -column number in the table_array argument from which the matching value must be returned.
 range_lookup -A logical value that specifies whether you want VLOOKUP to find an exact match or an approximate
match:
› If TRUE or is omitted, an exact or approximate match is returned. If an exact match is not found, the next largest
value that is less than lookup_value is returned.
› If range_lookup is either TRUE or is omitted, the values in the first column of table_array must be placed in
ascending sort order;
› If the range_lookup argument is FALSE, VLOOKUP will find only an exact match. If not found, the error value
#N/A is returned.

FOR EXAMPLE

Based on the Excel spreadsheet

=VLookup(10251, A1:B21, 2, FALSE)
would return "Tofu“
=VLookup(10251, A1:C21, 3, FALSE)
would return $18.60
=VLookup(10248, A1:B21, 2, FALSE)
would return #N/A
=VLookup(10248, A1:B21, 2, TRUE)
would return "Queso Cabrales"