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LS 1001: Biology
Dr. Surajit Das
What is Biology?
• Biology (Greek or Latin origin)
• Bios = life
• Logos = study of
• The study of life
• The science of living things
Why Important?
• Recognizing life’s characteristics and the
methods used to study life provide a basis for
understanding the living world.
Why Study Biology?
• 3 types:
Metabolism= Anabolism+Catabolism
# 7 Specific Organization
Examples:
-Water balance inside and outside of cell
-Human body temperature
-Blood pH is tightly regulated.
-Pancreatic hormones work to regulate blood
glucose.
*Cells function best when these are in balance
# 9 Respond to Environment
• Stimulus - a change in the environment
– Eg. light, heat, pH, vibration, smell, etc.– earthworms
respond to all of these.
• Response - reaction to the change.
– Eg. pupils get smaller.
• Essential for any organisms to-
– Escape predators
– Find food
– Move to light
– Move away from toxins
– Find a mate
Properties of Life
• In summary, living organisms:
– are composed of cells (Cellular Organization)
– are complex and ordered (Ordered Complexity)
– respond to their environment (Sensitivity)
– can Grow, Develop and Reproduce
– obtain and use energy (Energy Utilization)
– maintain internal balance (Homeostasis)
– allow for Evolutionary Adaptation
Branches of Biology
1. Zoology- the study of animals
“wee animalcules”
4. Louise Pastuer
(1822-1895)
Origin of Microbes: Pasteur’s Swan-Necked Flasks
Origin of Microbes: Pasteur’s Swan-Necked Flasks
Remains
sterile.
Bacteria, Contamination
Heat to fungal spores, of culture
sterilize and dust
(doesn’t adhere to Broth turbidity
always work). glass. indicates bacterial
growth.
5. Lister
• British
• Hospital conditions
were dirty & infectious
• Used phenol as a
disinfectant
• “Father of Aseptic
Surgery”
6. Fleming
• British
• Accidentally
discovered first
antibiotic (penicillin)
7. Salk and 8. Sabin
Salk and Sabin
• Developed 1st polio • Developed oral polio
vaccine injection vaccine (1959)
(1955)
• Didn’t patent vaccine, • Vaccines are
didn’t want to profit weakened forms of
from his discovery disease that tricks
body into making
antibodies