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Biology
Biology(Human) Question
Number
Leave
Blank

Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced I
Unit Test 1 2
'x,"
Thursday9 January2003- Morning 3
Time: t hour 15minutes 4

Materials required for examination Items included with question papers 5

Ruler Nil
6

Instructions to Candidates 8
In the boxes above,write your centrenumber,candidatenumber,the paperreference,your
signature,surnameand initials. The paperreferenceis shownabove. 9
Checkthat you have the booklet for the correctunit.
AnswerALL NINE questionsin the spacesprovidedin this booklet.
Your answerto Question9 shouldbe written on the lined pages. If you
- needto use additional
;j, ,rswersheets,attachthem looselybut securelyinsidethiibooklet.
Showall the stepsin any calculationsand statethe units. Calculatorsmay be used.
Include diagramsin your answerswheretheseare helpful.

Information for Candidates

The marksfor individual questionsandpartsof questionsare shownin round brackets:e.g. (2).
The total mark for this questionpaperis 70.

Advice to Candidates
You will be assessed
on your ability to organiseandpresentinformation,ideas,descriptions
and argumentsclearly and logically, taking accountof your use of grarnmar,punctuationand
spelling.
Total

Printer's Log. No.

N15s09A lllilil
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5 5 0 9 A
Turn over
w850/R6r0l/57570

Thispublication
8/10/r6,100

mayonly bereproduced
in accordance
with Edexcelcopyrightpolicy.EdexcelFoundation
is a registered
charitv.@2003Edexcel
Edexcel
Successthrough qualifications
 Answer ALL questionsin the spacesprovided. Leave
blank

1 . The table below refersto the structureof different types of nucleic acids. If the feature
is present, place a (l) in the appropriate box and if the feature is absent place a
cross(x) in the appropriatebox.

Feature DNA mRNA

Cytosinepresent

Uracil present

Pentosesugarpresent

Is single stranded

(Total 4 marks)

Z. Read through the following passageabout protein structure,then write on the dotted
lines the most appropriateword or words to completethe passage.

The tertiary structureof a protein dependson its primary and secondarystrucfure.

The primary structureis the .. of amino acids, which are

joined togetherby .. . bondsto form a chain. This type of

bond is formed when a .... reactiontakesplace between

two amino acids.

The chain of amino acidsmay be folded into an alphahelix, held in shapeby

bonds.

A number of different types of bonds hold the tertiary and quaternarystructure

in shape. For example,the two peptidechainsin insulin are held together

bv .. ' bondswhich form betweenthe

of certainamino acids.
(Total 6 marks)

Nl5s09A
 3 . Yeastcells grown tn culturewill divide asexuallyto form a clone of yeast cells. Leave
blank
The diagrambelow showsthis processoccurring.

rl
Chromosomes

\,

,Yi',1,
"',
:i

Parentcell
O
Daushter cel1s

(a) Explain what is meantby the term clone.

-,t
d'" (2)

thatwould
cells,drawin the chromosomes
(b) On the diagramof one of the daughter
be found in the nucleus.
(1)

of asexualreproductionto an organlsm.
(c) Suggestfwo advantages

(2)

btal 5 marks

N r5509,4 Turn over

 @

4. The diagram below representssoffre of the stages involved in the commercial Leave
productionof the enzymeproteasefor use in the manufactureof a biological detergent. blank

Bacterialcells grown in culture

Proteaseproducedby bacteriaand secretedinto culturefluid

Bacterialcells filtered off and discarded

Proteasepurified
f"
lj:

v.

Proteaseincorporatedinto granules

(a) Explain why proteasesare incorporatedinto biological detergents.

fr
tiI
v ,

(3)

NI55094
 (b) The bacteriaused in this probessnormally live in hot water springs where the Leave
temperaturestaysabove45'C. blanlc

Suggesttwo reasonswhy it is an advantageto usethe enzymesfrom thesebacteria

in the detergents.

a,

irr
ffi (c) When the granulescontainingthe proteasecomeinto contactwith waterthey swell
w and releasetheir contents.

Suggestwhy the enzymesare incorporatedinto granules during the manufacfure

of biological detergents.

(2)

(Total7 marks)
A
w

N l 5509A Turn over

5. The diagrambelow sllmmarisesthe stepsinvolved in the semi-conservative
replication Leave
of DNA. blank

Double strandof DNA

StepI EnzymeA

Two strandsseparated

Step2

Complernentarynucleotidesline up againsteachstrand
ffi:
w,
Step3 Enzvme B

Nucleotidesjoin to form two new polynucleotidechains

Step4

Two identicalDNA moleculesformed

the two DNA strandsin Step 1.

(a) Describehow EnzymeA separates

ffrA'
W' t
(1)

N l 55094
 (b) In Step 3 the individual nucleotidesare joined up to forrn a polynucleotide chain Leave
by Enzyme B. blank

Name the type of reactionthat Enzyme B catalyses.

(c) Give the phaseof the cell cycle during which DNA replicationoccurs.

(1)

(d) Draw and label a diagramto show the appearance

of a chlomosomeas it appears
in metaphaseof mitosis.
W

ffi

(3)

(Total 6 marks)

Nl5509A Turn over

 ,q
U

6. The diagrambelow showsthe structureof the cell surfacemetnbrane. Leave

blank

Carbohydrate

Glycopr",.,"
l
t nRanndilmn
uu
uuuuuuuu
l /

) J(/ (\
\)
A d
(a) The cell surfacemembraneis composedof a phospholipidbilayer. Explain why
the phospholipidsin the bilayer are ananged with the fatty acid tails pointing
inwards and the phosphateheadsoutwards.
#1')
tt$...
{r'ilr i/

(3)

(b) The diagramhasbeenmagnifiedthreernillion (3 x 106)times. Calculatethe width

of the cell surfacemembranein pm (micrometres).Show your working.

ffi,;
Wr,

Answer

N15509A
 (c) State one function of each of the following componentsof the cell surface Leave
membrane. blcmli

Carbohydrate

Protein
(2)

(Total 8 marks)

@na

E*1

Nls5094 Turn over

 7. Somebacteriawere grown in a culture with radioactiveamino acids. They used the Leave
labelledamino acidsto synthesiseproteinswhich were incorporatedinto their cells. blank

The bacteriawere then washedthoroughly and mixed with some white blood cells.
The arnount of radioactivity taken up by the white blood cells was lneasuredat
intervals of two hours for 24 hours.

The white blood cellswere phagocyticand engulfed(took up) the bacteriaby a process
calledphagocytosis.Piragocytosisis a fonn of endocytosis.This processis illustrated
in the diagram below.

Membraneextensrons Phagosorne
Bacteriuln (phagocyticvacuole)
L
o
Nucleus o o
o o o o

@,
o tllai,'],t:i;$i;jri/ - o o tr"ffi;#.H#Y - o
o o \i'sjflz
olf
o oo oi/o o s o ---> oo of/o o o o
oo

o o o oo o o oo
A -
9
( o o o o

White blood cell

Lysosomesthen ftise with the phagosomeand releasetheir contentsinto it.

The table below shows the level of radioactivity found inside and outside the white
blood cells during the 24 hour period.

Time after mixing cells Radioactivityinside white Radioactivityoutsidewhite

together/hours blood cellsI arbttram'units blood cellslarbttraryunits
@i
,
0 0 80
2 16 64
4 48 32
6 6T 19
8 70 10
10 12 8
12 72 8
14 7I 9
aF,
T6 43 J I

18 2T 59
20 10 70
22 8 72
24 5 75

N 155094 l0
 (a) (i) Describethe structureof a lysosome. Leave
blank

(2)

(ii) Describethe rolesof lysosomes.

(2)

(b) Describe the changesin the level of radioactivity found insidethe white blood
cells during the period of 24 hours.

ail
w

(3)

Nl5509A 11 Turn over

 @

(c) Suggestwhat is happeningto the bacteriainsidethe phagosomesbetweenl0 and Leave

14 hours. blank

(1)

(d) Explain why the amount of radioactivity increasesoutsidethe white blood cells
after 14 hours.

ffi.:
6ir \
%",,i

(e) Suggestwhy the white blood cells did not take up all the radioactivity.

(1)

(Total 11 marks)

N I 5509A l2
8. reactioncanbe alteredby the presenceof an inhibitor.
The rate of an enzyme-catalysed Leave
blanlc
An investigation was caffied out into the effect of an inhibitor on enzyme activity in
barley root tips. Enzyme activity was measuredby finding the rate at which oxygen
was usedby the root tips.

Severalgrolrpsof studentscarriedout experimentsin which the volume of oxygenused

by root tips of barley seedlingswas measuredover a period of 2 hours.

Each $oup of studentsused50 root tips fiom seedlingsof the sameage. Thesewere
oC.
placedin the samevolume of a pH 6.5 bufter solutionand kept at 30

After 2 hours,the samevolume of a 1% solutionof an inhibitor was addedto eachset

of root tips. The studentscontinuedto recordthe volume of oxygenusedfor a further
hour.
fi!1';.
tiili I ,
t&,,",.I
The resultsare shown in the graphbelow.

Total 5
volume of
oxygen used 4
(arbitrary units)
a
J

2.0 2.5 3.0 f',

w'
Time/ hours

(a) Comparethe enzymeactivity during the first two hours of the experimentwith the
activifv after the inhibitor was added.

(2)

Nl5509A l4
 (b) The inhibitor used in this experimentwas a non-active site-directedinhibitor. Leave
blank
Explain what is meantby non-active site-directedinhibition.

@r,
' t a
iii
(.) Suggestwhat effectincreasingthe concentrationof the inhibitor might haveon the
rate at which oxygen was used by the root tips. Give an explanationfor your
answer.

(2)

(d) Suggestwhy readingswere taken for 2 hours before the inhibitor was added.
ffir,t
id
,:,i

(1)

(e) Suggestwhy the root tips were kept at of 30 oC throughoutthis

a temperature
investigation.

(2)

Nl5s09A 15 Turn over

 (0 Explain why a buffer solutionwas used in this experiment. Leave
blanlc

(2)

(e) Strggestone reasonwhv the results fi'om the differentgroupsof studentsmight

vary.

(1)

(Total 13 marks)

*l

N ls s 09A I6
 9. Give an account of the structureand function of the polysaccharid.es
cellulose, starch Leave
and glycogen. blanlc

N I 5509A. T7 Turn over

 Leave
blank

6p

N15s09A 18
 Leave
blanlc

(Total 10 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER:70 MARKS

END

Nls509A