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S.Satyanarayana Murthy, Q. Don't blame & Don't blame it on me. -Ñ È®çúø’ Q. No arms beyond
Kakinada this point
expressions ´’üμ¿u ûËú≈ àN’öÀ?
Q. Sir, Degree of Comparison A.
A. Don't blame =
èπ◊ EçCç-îª-´ü¿’l Ñ Ææn©ç üΔöÀ à
Ææç•ç-Cμç-* -O’®Ω’ ®√Æœ-† -Åç-¨»--™x Don't blame it on me = ††’o ûª°æ¤p °æôdèπ◊/
Çߪ·-üμΔ©’
éÌ-Eoç-öÀ-E O’ ü¿%≠œdéÀ BÆæ’-éÌÆæ’h-Ø√o†’. ††’o ¶«üμ¿’uúÕo îËߪ’èπ◊. BÆæ’Èé∞¡xèπÿúøü¿’/
a) Suman is not so/ as tall as Pavan Çߪ·-üμΔ-©ûÓ Ç Ææn©ç
Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ English ™ ᙫ express
b) India is not as/ so rich as America üΔöÀ ¢Á∞¡x-®√ü¿’.
c) Kedar does not play as (so) well as
îËߪ÷L?
(Arms = Çߪ·-üμΔ©’)
Kesava. v°æï© ¶μ«¢Ó-üËy-í¬Eo áí∫-üÓ-ÆœçC. Q. of course, of course not Q. conformably to
So/ as tall as; as/ so rich as; as (so) well as A. It has aroused the emotions of the people. A. Comformably to - -Ñ phrase -™‰-ü¿’. Conform
A. Å´¤†’. ߪ’üΔ-®Ωn¢Ë’/ éπ*a¥-ûªçí¬.
Adjective éÀ ´·çü¿’ so/ as, as so, as (so) ÅE Q. to =
of course not =
Eߪ·-éπh-¢Á’i† Ææ¶μ«-Ææç-°∂æ÷Eo v°æï©’ ûÓÆœ-®√-ï-Ø√o®Ω’. é¬ØË-é¬ü¿’. Çïcèπ◊ ™•úÕ Öçúøôç/ E•ç-üμ¿-†©èπ◊ éπô’d-•úÕ
®√-¨»®Ω’. A. People have rejected the duly constituted "Are you still in need of money?" Öçúøôç.
So/ as, as so, àüÓ äéπöÀ Öçî√L éπüΔ Â°j house committee. "Of course not. In fact I can give you In conformity to/ with = (E•ç-üμ¿-†© ™«çöÀ
-¢√é¬u-™x àC Öçî√L? Q. Ø√uߪ’-≤ƒn-Ø√Eo Çv¨¡-®·ç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æ¶μº’ûªyç §ƒ´¤©’ some, if you want". (ÅüËç é¬ü¿’/ é¬ØË-é¬ü¿’ ¢√öÀéÀ/ éπô’d-•úÕ ÖçC.
as ÅØ√o, so ÅØ√o äéπõ‰ Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçüΔ éπü¿’-°æ¤-ûÓçC. Éçé¬ é¬¢√-©çõ‰ ØËFoèπ◊ É´y-í∫-©†’.) His building is in conformity with the rules
As = ´™„, ™«í∫, í¬, Åçûª, Åçü¿’-´©x A. The Government is making moves to Q. Infact of the municipality = Åûª-úÕ éπôdúøç ´·E-Æœ-§ƒ-LöÃ
So = Åçûª, (í∫ûªç™ O’®Ω’ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-¨»®Ω’) approach the Court. A. In fact °j† ¢√úÕ† Nüμ¿ç îª÷úøçúÕ. E•çüμ¿-†-©èπ◊ ™•úÕ ÖçC.
as well as = so well as ÅØ√o äéπ-õ‰Ø√...? as Q. §ƒKd©’ °æ®Ω-Ææp®Ωç Æœí∫-°æô’x °æúø’ûª÷ OCμ† °æúø’-ûª’- a) Is he as strong as you? Q. in regard to
tall ÅØ√o, so tall ÅØ√o äéπ-õ‰Ø√...? Positive Ø√o®·. (Åûª-úø’ F Åçûª •©-´ç-ûª’ú≈?) A. With regard to/ (in regard to é¬ü¿’) = regard-
degree ™ Ñ N≠æ-ߪ’ç confusion í¬ ÖçC. b) Yes, he is. In fact he is stronger than ing = 'with reference to'
A. Parties are after one another's throats and
°j† îª÷úøçúÕ. È®çúø÷
as well as/ so well as éÀ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-í∫’™ in the process are degenerating to street I/ me = Å´¤†’. Éçé¬ îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰ Ø√éπçõ‰ äéπõ‰.
Q. in behalf of
N´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. level fights. •©-´ç-ûª’úø’.
A. On behalf of (In behalf of é¬ü¿’) = ûª®Ω-°∂椆.
The son accepted the award on behalf of
He ought to have been mor e polite his father = ¢√∞¡x Ø√†o ûª®Ω-°∂椆 Çߪ’† éÌúø’èπ◊ Ç
°æ¤®Ω-≤ƒ\-®√Eo Åçü¿’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.
Q. éÀçC °æüΔ-©èπ◊ Å®√n©’ ûÁL°œ, ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ù©’ É´yçúÕ.
Basically, Earlier, As per, So far, gives rise
A. Not so ... as = not as ... as. In fact = Éçé¬ îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰/ Eñ«-EéÀ. to, On the other hand, How about?, What
about?
A, B Åçûª íÌ°æp-é¬ü¿’= A is not so/ as great as B ´·êuçí¬ ´’†ç ´·çü¿’ îÁ°œpç-üΔ-EéÀ
A. dictionary
Not ûÓ so... as, as... as È®ç-úø÷ ¢√úÌa.
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 610
´uA-Í®-éπçí¬ îÁ§ƒp-©-†’-èπ◊-†o-°æ¤púø’/ OöÀ Å®√n-©èπ◊ îª÷úøçúÕ.
Not ™‰†-°æ¤úø’ as... as ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√-úø-û√ç. üΔE-Íé-´’Ø√o îË®√a-©-†’-èπ◊-†o-°æ¤úø’ in fact Q. éÀçC-¢√-öÀEEnglish ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’?
A does not sing as well as B = A does not
¢√-úø-û√ç. ¢Ë’†-éÓ-úø©’ – ¢Ë’†-´÷´’ – ´’®Ω-ü¿©’ – ´’JC –
sing so well as B. (A, B Åçûª ¶«í¬ §ƒúøü¿’) = Q. èπ◊™«-©-´’üμ¿u éÃ-™«-ô©’ ´’† ü˨»-EÍé a) He is quite tall. In fact he is taller ´’†-´úø’ – ´’†-´-®√©’ – Åûªh – ´·û√hûª – ´·ûªh´y
A does not sing as well as B not
Å®·ûË, ≤Òçûªç. than most of us = Åûª-úø’ ¶«í¬ – ´·E-´’-†-´úø’ – ´·E ´’†-´-®√©’.
A. The confrontations among castes A. Niece, Uncle (¢Ë’†-´÷´’/ *Ø√o†o/ °ü¿l -Ø√-†o),
As... as so... as §Òúø’í∫’. Éçé¬ îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰ ´’†™
M.SURESAN
™‰†-°æ¤úø’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√-úø-û√ç. Sister-in-law, brother-in-law, grandson,
A sings as well as B are our country's prerogative. î√-™« ´’çC éπç-õ‰ §Òúø’Íí.
Grand Daughter, Aunt, Great Grand Father/
®√ü¿’. ÅØË Åçö«ç.
She is as great as her sister (Ç¢Á’ ûª† Åéπ\çûª Q. Ñ Ææ´’-Ææuèπ◊ ®√ï-éÃߪ’ Ææçéπ-©p¢Ë’ v§ƒù«-üμΔ®Ωç. b) You call her bad? In fact she is better than
Mother, Great Grand Son/ Grand Daughter.
íÌ°æpC). Ééπ\úø she is so great as her sister, A. Political will is vital to finding a solution to you = †’¢√y¢Á’†’ ´’ç*C é¬ü¿ç-ö«¢√? ÅÆæ©’
Q. 'Be' forms III set (V
the problem. îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰ F éπç-õ‰ Ç-¢Ë’ ´’ç*C. ™ †’ç* Oô-Eo-öÀéà ûÓ)
ûª°æ¤p.
She sings as well as her sister (Ç¢Á’ ûª† Åéπ\ Q. Q. Not at all Å®√nEo N´-Jç* ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ù-L-´y-í∫-©®Ω’.
may have been, might have been, can have
v°æ¶μº’ûªy E®Ωxéπ~uç éπ∞¡xèπ◊ éπúø’-ûÓçC.
Åçûª ¶«í¬ §ƒ-úø’-ûª’çC) She sings so well as A. Government apathy is obvious. A. i) ii) thanks
é¬ØË é¬ü¿’ á´-®ΩØ√o îÁ°œp-†-°æ¤púø’, been, could have been, must have been,
her sister - wrong. Not at all
Q. ought have been, should have been, would
´’† ÂÆjE-èπ◊©’ O®Ó-*-ûªçí¬ §Ú®√-ú≈®Ω’. ´’†ç Å-ØÌa.
As + adjective + as Q. Nothing but have been
A. Our soldiers have fought heroically.
as good as = A. Nothing but his coming here A. may have been =
Q.
Åçûª-´’ç* ´’çvûª’©’ X¢√J ÊÆ´™ ûªJ-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. ÅC ûª°æp = Öçúø’ç-úø-´îª’a.
as slowly as = makes me happy =
They may have been there =
Åçûª EüΔ-†çí¬ A. Our ministers find salvation in the service of
¢√-úÕ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ®√´-úøç ûª°æp ¢√∞¡x-éπ\úø
She walks as slowly as a snail =
ÉçÍéO’ Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æç É´yü¿’.
Ç¢Á’ †ûªh Srivaru. Öçúø’ç-úø-´îª’a. Éçûªèπ◊´·çüË´*a É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊
Q. In this circumstances
Åçûª EüΔ-†çí¬ †úø’-Ææ’hçC. Q. A. In these (this
´’†-Ææ’™ ´·°œp-J-íÌØË Å´u-éπh-¢Á’i† ´’üμ¿’®Ω ¶μ«¢√©’. circumstances =
Öçúø-´îª’a.
As... as = so... as Å®·ûË As adjec- é¬ü¿’) Ñ might have been = í∫ûªç™ Öçúø’ç-úø-´îª’a.
A. Inexpressible feelings of bliss that suffuse
Åçûª =
tive/ adverb as - °æJÆœnûª’™x. She might have been there = Ç¢Á’ Åéπ\úø
the soul.
á°æ¤púø®·Ø√ ¢√úÌa 'Åçûª—
ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ. P. Srinivas, Mahaboobnagar
Q. éÀçC °æüΔ-©èπ◊ Å®√n-©†’ ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. OöÀ Å®√n©’ (í∫ûªç™) Öçúø’ç-úø-´îª’a.
(Not) so adjective/ adverb as - Åçûª é¬ü¿’ ÅE Q. éÀçC- phrase prepositions è- π◊ Å®√n©- ’ ûÁ©- ’°æí©-∫ ®Ω’. Can have been = Öçúø-í∫-©í∫´îª’a.
Dictionary îª÷ÆœØ√ ûÁL-ߪ’-úøç-™‰ü¿’.
not Ö†o-°æ¤úË ¢√úøû√ç. with an eye to He can have been helpful = Åûª†’ ≤ƒßª’-°æ-úø-
I. Superlative: He is the tallest boy in the Drinking bout, Camaraderie, Reflections (in
A. With an eye to = Ç ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ/ Ç ü¿%≠œdûÓ. í∫L-TÖçúø-í∫-©úø’. A situation, usage î√™« rare.
class litarary sense), Human endeaver, Yawning With an eye to be a minister he is trying to Could have been = Öçúø-í∫-LÍí-¢√úË, é¬-F ™‰úø’.
Comparative: He is taller than any other gap, A well documented report, Hectic parley. please the CM = ´’çvA- é¬-¢√-©-ØË ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ He could have been a CM = Åûª-úø’ ´·êu-
boy in the class A. Drinking bout = ´’üμ¿’-§ƒ†ç äéπ-ûª-úø´ Åûª-úø’ ´·êu-´’ç-vAE ÆæçûÓ≠æ°úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’.
Positive: No other boy in the class is so Camaraderie = ÊÆo£æ« Ææç°∂‘’-¶μ«´ç Q. in consequence of
´’ç-vAí¬ Öçúø-í∫-LÍí¢√úË (é¬-F 鬙‰ü¿’)
tall as/ as tall as he. Must have been = ÖçúÕ Öçô’çC. éπ*a-ûªçí¬.
Reflections (in litarary sense) = A. In consequence of =
He must have been happy = ¢√úø’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬
II. a) Comparative: Sudheer is taller than
ûª©-°æ¤©’/ üΔE °∂æL-ûªçí¬.
In consequence of his rash actions, he has
Sumanth Ç™-îª-†©’ ÖçúÕ Öçö«úø’.
Human endeaver = a lot of troubles now =
Positive: Sumanth is not so tall as/ as ´÷†-´-v°æ-ߪ’ûªoç Åûª-úÕ ûÌçü¿-®Ω-§ƒô’ You must have been happy to see your
tall as Sudheer. Yawning gap = î√-™« áèπ◊\-´- ûËú≈ Ωu© ´©x (¢√öÀ °∂æL-ûªçí¬) Åûª-úÕ-°æ¤púø’ enemy defeated = F ¨¡-vûª’´¤ ãúÕ-§Ú-´úøç îª÷Æœ
b) Comparative: Kalyan is not taller than A well daumented report = Ææç•ç-Cμûª °ævû√-©ûÓ
É•sç-ü¿’™x ÖØ√oúø’.
Q. in reference to
Kabir.
†’´¤y ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æúË Öçö«´¤.
®Ω÷-§Òç-Cç-*-† E¢Ë-Céπ. A. With reference to (In reference to Should have been = Öçú≈-LqçC, é¬F ™‰ü¿’.
Positive: Kabir is at least as tall as é¬ü¿’) =
Hectic parley = ®Ω’-Èéj†/ BJ-éπ-™‰E ´’çûª-Ø√©’. She should have been here yesterday =
Kalyan. üΔEo °æ¤®Ω-Ææ \-Jç--èπ◊E/ üΔE í∫’-Jç-*
(hectic = very busy) With reference to your application for the
positive not so tall
Ééπ\úø ™ ™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd, Ç¢Á’ E†o Ééπ\úø Öçú≈-LqçC (é¬F ™‰ü¿’)
as ÅE ®√ü¿’. Bhavani Kishan, Hanumakonda job, please appear for an interview tomor- Ought have been = Öçú≈-LqçC (FA/ üμ¿®Ωtç)
row = He ought to have been more polite =
G.G. Rao, Visakhapatnam. Q. éÀç-C-¢√-öÀ-éÀ -Å®√n-©-†’, usage -†’ -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. O’ ü¿®Ω-ë«-Ææ’h í∫’-Jç-*/ °æ¤®Ω-Ææ \-Jç--èπ◊E,
Interview Åûª-úÕçé¬Ææh áèπ◊\´ ´’®√u-ü¿í¬ Öçú≈-LqçC. é¬F ™‰úø’.
Through proper channel
O’®Ω’ Í®°æ¤ èπ◊ ®ΩçúÕ.
Q. Sir, Would have been = ÖçúËüË, é¬F ™‰ü¿’.
Q. in compliance with
éÀçC ¢√é¬uEo ûÁ©’-í∫’-™éÀ ņ’-´-Cç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
Singing is my passion and obsession. A. Through proper channel =
A. In compliance with (your orders, requests, He would have been a CM = CM í¬ ÖçúË-¢√úË
ÆæÈ®j† ÅCμ-é¬-®Ω’©
A. §ƒúøôç Ø√ í¬-úμø-¢Á’i† ¢√çîμª, Bv´ Çé¬çéπ~ üΔy®√. ´’† °j ÅCμ-é¬-JéÀ °j-†’ç--úË ÅCμ-é¬-JéÀ etc.,) = üΔEE ņ’-Ææ-JÆæ÷h/ üΔE v°æ鬮Ωç. é¬F ™‰úø’.
Q. August function, August evening, August àüÁjØ√ îÁ°æ¤p-éÓ-¢√-Lq-†-°æ¤púø’, ´’† °j ÅCμ-é¬-JéÀ In compliance with your instructions, I am Q. ought to be, have to be, has to be, had to
institution etc. August
©™ ÅØË °æ-üΔ-EéÀ ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰Æœ, Çߪ’†/ Ç¢Á’ ņ’-´’-AûÓ Ç°jÅCμ-é¬-JéÀ starting immediately = O’ ÇüË-¨»© v°æ鬮Ωç/ O’ be, need to be
-Å®Ωn-¢Ë’-N’-öÀ? ûÁLߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ÷L. Å°æ¤púø’, through proper chan- ÇüË-¨»©’ §ƒöÀÆæ÷h ¢ÁçôØË •ßª’©’üË®Ω’-ûª’Ø√o. A. É´Fo -É-C-´®Ω-™ î√™« N´-®Ωçí¬ É-î√aç.
A. August = íÌ°æp/ Ö†oûª/ NP--≠d-¢æ Á’i† nel Å´¤-ûª’çC. (Channel = ´÷®Ω_ç) comply = obey = îÁ°œp-†ô’x îËߪ’-úøç.
Nihsa, Yellandu. There isn't (is not) much milk in the glass = We are looking for-
ward to enjoy holi-
Q. Sir,
Ç í¬xÆæ’™ áèπ◊\´ §ƒ™‰ç ™‰-´¤.
days - This is
éÀçC °æüΔ©èπ◊ Å®√n-©†’
He does not have much respect for elders =
ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. wrong because,
Potential, Effect, Affect,
°ü¿l-©çõ‰ Åûª-úÕéÀ °ü¿l íı®Ω´ç/ áèπ◊\´ íı®Ω´ç/
here 'looking for-
Raise, Rise, Result oriented,
Åçûª íı®Ω´ç àç ™‰ü¿’. ward to' is followed
Factory, Company, Industry, î√-™« áèπ◊\´/ áèπ◊\´ (ÖçC) ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ – a lot by 'enjoy'- a verb.
Much, More, Apart from. of/ a good deal of/ a great deal of Åçö«ç.
Q. Please clarify
A. Potential = i) ´·çü¿’ é¬©ç™ à Nüμ¿ç-í¬-ØÁjØ√ There is a lot of milk in the vessel = Ç briefly about transi-
ûªßª÷®ΩßË’u ¨¡éÀh; ii) ≤ƒüμ¿u´’ßË’u Å´-鬨¡ç TØÁo™ §ƒ©’ áèπ◊\-´í¬ Ö-Ø√o®·. tive verbs and intransitive verbs and their Q. Sound and alarm
a) He has the potential to become a great Much milk was wasted (Wrong) usage. A. Sound = ¨¡•lç. Alarm = ¶μºßª’ç, ÇçüÓ-∞¡†
leader = Åûªúø’ íÌ°æp Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊-úÕí¬ áC-Íí-¨¡éÀh/ A lot of milk was wasted (Right) A. A transitive verb has an object. Put the éπçí¬®Ω’; v°æ´÷-üΔEo Ææ÷*çîË ÆæçÍéûªç; Evü¿ †’ç*
More - comparative degree of both 'much' question whom/ what to the verb. If you get ¢Ë’-™Ô\-LÊ° í∫úÕ-ߪ÷-®Ω°æ¤ ≤˘éπ®Ωuç.
an answer, it is the object of the verb. In
ûªßª÷-®Ω-ßË’u-¨¡éÀh í∫©¢√úø’í¬ ÖØ√oúø’. = Åûª-úÕ™
and 'many' Sound the alarm = v°æ´÷ü¿ç ÅE Ææ÷*çîË
such a case the verb is transitive.
íÌ°æp Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊-úÕí¬ ûªßª÷-®ΩßË’u/ áCÍí¨¡éÀh
a) There is more milk in this glass than in ÆæçÍé-û√Eo/ ¨¡¶«lEo ¢Á÷Tç.
He saw his friend yesterday. The verb
éπE-°œ-≤ÚhçC.
b) She can be a potential threat to him = that glass = Ç í¬xÆæ’™éπçõ‰ Ñ í¬xÆæ’™ here is 'saw'. Put the question He saw Q. Save your life
´·çü¿’ ´·çü¿’ Ç¢Á’ Åûª-úÕéÀ v°æ´÷ü¿é¬-J ÅßË’u (much comparative)
áèπ◊\´ §ƒ©’-Ø√o®·. éÀ whom? You get the answer 'his friend'- so A. F v§ƒù«Eo 鬧ƒ-úø’éÓ
Å´-鬨¡ç ÖçC. b) There are more students in this class the verb is transitive. Q. Use fire cycle if you know
Effect = v°æ¶μ«´ç/ ´÷®Ωa-í∫-©-¨¡éÀh. than in that class = Ç é¬xÆæ’™ éπçõ‰ Ñ He saw my car yesterday. Here again, put A. Ø√èπ◊ ûÁLÆœ-†ç-ûª-´®Ωèπ◊ English ™ fire cycle ÅØË
Pollution has an effect on the climate = é¬xÆæ’™ áèπ◊\´ ´’çC °œ©x-©’-Ø√o®Ω’ the question, He saw What? and you get °æü¿ç ™‰ü¿’.
(Comparative of many) the answer, He say my car. So the verb,
¢√û√-´-®Ωùç O’ü¿ 鬩’--≠æu v°æ¶μ«´ç ÖçC. Q. Report in irregularities.
Apart from = 1) 'saw' here is transitive.
Affect = ÅüË/ ÅçûË é¬èπ◊çú≈ A. Report any (in é¬ü¿’) irregularities = Åvéπ-´÷©’
An intransitive verb has no object. That is,
v°æ¶μ«´ç éπL-Tç-îª-úøç/ ´÷®Ωa-í∫-©í∫-úøç.
Pollution affects climate = 鬩’≠æuç ¢√û√-´-®Ω- Apart from a car, he has also a scooter =
if you put the whom/ what to the verb, you à¢ÁjØ√ Öçõ‰ ûÁ-L-ߪ’°æ®Ω-.
don't get an answer.
äé𠧃®∏Ω-èπ◊úø’, E®Ωt™¸.
ù«Eo ´÷®Ω’-Ææ’hçC. Åûª-úÕéÀ é¬Í® é¬èπ◊çú≈, Ææ÷\ô®˝ èπÿú≈ ÖçC.
Q. What does Sandhya have? Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ?
She can be a potential thr eat to him A. What does Sandhya have? = What has
Sandhya? =
éπL-T ÖçC?)
Ææçüμ¿uèπ◊ àç ÖçC? (Ææçüμ¿u àç
Q. ®√ùÀ àN’ éπLT ÖçC? = What has Rani?
She walks fast. Here the verb is
Raise = áûªh-úøç/ ™‰°æ-úøç; ®√ùÀ àN’ éπLT ÖçúËC? = What had Rani?
'walks'. Put the question 'She walks
He raised his hand to show his support =
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 611
éπÈ®-ÍédØ√?
Whom/ What?' (Ç¢Á’ á´-JE/ üËEE
ûª† ´’ü¿lûª’ ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Åûª-úø’ îÁ®·u áû√húø’. A. Correct.
and you don't get an
He raised an important question = Åûª-úÓ
†úø’-Ææ’hçC?) Q. You like this shirt. DEéÀ ÆæÈ®j† question tag
´·êu-¢Á’i† v°æ¨¡o†’ ™‰´-ØÁ-û√húø’. 2) ÅC ûª°æp – except - Apart from answer. So 'walk' is intransitive so
àC?
Rise = ™‰´-úøç, E©-•-úøôç, áü¿-í∫-úøç, °®Ω-í∫-úøç. cleaning the room, I have finished all are go, sit, stand, etc.
A. You like this shirt, don't you? -Éç-ü¿’-™
a) When the teacher enters the class the other work = í∫C ¨¡Ÿv¶μºç îËߪ’-úøç A. Saiprasad, Kusthapur. Q. Tag, 'Don't you?' (like = do like)
M.SURESAN
students rise = öÃ˝ é¬xÆˇ™ éÀ ®√í¬ØË ûª°æp, N’í∫û√ °æ†çû√ °æ‹Jh î˨»†’. Q. Sir, what are the meanings of Q. éÀçC Ø√©’í∫’ ¢√é¬u™x àN éπÈ®é˙d? since, as ©†’
NüΔu-®Ω’n©’ ™‰≤ƒh®Ω’/ ™‰* E©-•-úø-û√®Ω’/ E©-•-úø- Q. áçûª éπ≠d-°
æ æ-ú≈fúÓ Åçûª Ææ’ê-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’. following words? Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TçîË NüμΔ-Ø√Eo N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
û√®Ω’. -Ñ -¢√é¬u-Eo -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ-™ -îÁ°æpí∫-©®Ω’. Production target a) Since I haven't much strength, I can't lift
b) Whenever fuel prices rise, prices of other A. He is enjoying himself now as much as he A. ÖûªpAh ©é~¬u©’ (äéπ EKgûª 鬙«-EéÀ à ´Ææ’h´¤ áçûª this luggage.
things also rise = Éçüμ¿† üμ¿®Ω©’ °J-T-†-°æ¤p- worked hard. ÖûªpAh îËߪ÷-©-†’-éÓ-´-úøç) b) As I haven't much strength, I can't lift this
úø™«x, Éûª®Ω ´Ææ’h-´¤© üμ¿®Ω©÷ °®Ω’-í∫’-û√®·. Q. Book for you book to you. Ééπ\úø to, for ©™ Q. Plan of the way luggage.
Result oriented = °∂æL-û√Eo ≤ƒCμçîË Nüμ¿çí¬ c) As I woke up very late, it was a holiday
A.
àC Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-*Ø√ ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çüΔ? üΔJ îª÷°œçîË -§ƒx-Ø˛
Ö†o. A. Book for you = äéπ-J-éÓÆæç ÉçéÌ-éπ®Ω’ öÀÈéôx yesterday.
Q. Operational feedback
The manager's plan for the increase of -™«ç-öÀN é̆-úøç/ reserve îËߪ’-úøç. d) Since I woke up very late, it was a holiday
sales is result-oriented = A. °æE à ¢Ë’-®Ωèπ◊, ¶«í¬ ïJ-TçüΔ ™‰üΔ, áçûª-´-®Ωèπÿ,
Å´’t-鬩’ °çîËç-ü¿’èπ◊ I've booked tickets for you = Fèπ◊ ؈’ öÀÈéô’x yesterday.
book î˨»†’.
áçûª ¶«í¬ ïJ-TçC– É™«çöÀ Å稻-©†’ í∫’-Jç-*
Ç ¢Ë’ØË-ï®˝ °æü∑¿éπç °∂æL-û√Eo ≤ƒCμç-îË-Cí¬ ÖçC A. (a) = (b). since = because = as = Åçü¿’-´©x/
(Åçõ‰, Ç °æü∑¿éπç ´©x Å´’t-鬩’ °®Ω’-í∫’-û√®·) Book to = Post üΔy®√/ È®j©’ üΔy®√ àüÁjØ√
Éûª-®Ω’© ÅGμ-v§ƒßª’ç. (O’®Ω’ îËÆœ†/ ≤ƒCμç-*† áçü¿’-éπçõ‰.
Factory = éπ®√t-í¬®Ωç °æç°æ-úøç. °æEE í∫’-Jç-* Éûª-®Ω’© ÅGμ-v§ƒßª’ç)
c) and d) -
Q. Accident and fatilities
O’®Ω’ Åô’C, Éô÷, Éô’C, Åô÷
Company = ¢√u§ƒ®Ω ÆæçÆæn They have booked the goods to you = ¢√∞¡Ÿx ®√¨»®Ω’. O’ sentence ©èπ◊ Å®Ωnç = ØË-†’- E†o
Industry = °æJ-v¨¡´’ ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ Post üΔy®√/ È®j©’ üΔy®√ °æ秃®Ω’ O’èπ◊. A. Accident and fatalities (fatilities é¬ü¿’) = Ç©-Ææuçí¬ ™‰´-úøç-´©x, E†o ÂÆ©´¤ ÅE.
Q. There is a lot of difference between/ among v°æ´÷ü¿ Ææç°∂æ’-ô-†©÷, ¢√öÀ ´‚©çí¬ ´’®Ω-ù«©’. E†o holiday é¬-´-úøç-´©x, Ç©-Ææuçí¬ ™‰î√†’ ÅE
the students. between - among
Gurram Shankar, Keshavapatnam Q. Procedure failures
Ñ ¢√éπuç™ éπüΔ? Å™« ÅØ√-©çõ‰, since/ as/ because yes-
Q. I came across a phrase in Dr. Laxmi- A. Procedural (Procedure é¬ü¿’) failures = 鬮Ωu-
©†’ àßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√úøû√ç? terday was a holiday I woke up late. Å®Ωnç
narayana English Grammar book. After look
A. between - among. E-®Ωy-£æ«ù v°ævéÀ-ߪ’™ ¢Áj°∂æ-™«u©’. äéπ-°æE îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ Å®·çC éπüΔ?
forward to you clarified to use 'ing' form. But
Éü¿lJ -´’-üμ¿u/ È®ç-úÕçöÀ ´’üμ¿u between; there was no 'ing' form in that sentence. The
Å´-©ç-GçîË °æü¿l¥A ´©x éπL-T† ¢Áj°∂æ-™«u©’. Since = As = Because = Åçü¿’-´©x/ áçü¿’-éπçõ‰.
Éü¿l-Jéπç-õ„ áèπ◊\´ ´’çC™/ È®ç-úÕçöÀ éπç-õ„ áèπ◊\´ sentence as follows like "My cousins are look Q. Actions followup (Å®·ûË, As, since ©èπ◊ ¢ËÍ® Å®√n©’ èπÿú≈
¢√öÀ™ among. forward to their scheduled visit to Newyork A. Followup actions (Action followup é¬ü¿’) äéπ ÖØ√o®·. As = ´™„. Since = í∫ûªç™ äéπ
There is no difference between the two = and Montreal". Is there any exception? Ωu ûª®√yûª ¢ÁçôØË BÆæ’éÓ¢√-Lq† Ωu. Æ洒ߪ’ç †’ç*).
A. Phrasal verbs like, look forward to, object to, You finished planning but where is the B.V. Subba Rao, Rajahmundry.
Ç È®ç-úÕçöÀ/ ¢√Rx-ü¿lJ ´’üμ¿u ûËú≈ àç ™‰ü¿’.
The three of them divided the money with a view to, committed to, etc., should follow-up? = °æü∑¿éπç °æ‹Jhî˨»´¤ é¬F üΔE ûª®√yûª
always be followed by a noun or an 'ing' Q. Sir, please give the meanings of the follow-
among themselves = ¢√-∞¡Ÿx ´·í∫’_®Ω÷ Ç îª®Ωu àC?
form. There is no exception to the rule. This ing sentences.
úø•’s†’ °æç-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’– ¢√∞¡x™ ¢√-∞¡Ÿx. is standard usage. I have decided to meet him in Chennai, and
1. The news of Venkat's is worrying.
-Ééπ\úø í∫´’-Eç-î√-LqçC, among ¢√úÕ† îÓô™«x The sentence in your letter 'My cousins are as a follow up I am starting today itself =
2. The news of Venkat is worrying.
Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ¢√-LqçC -à-N’-ôç-õ‰– Å™«çöÀîÓô looking forward to their scheduled visit' is Åûª-úÕ-E îÁØÁj o™ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©E E®Ωg-®·ç--èπ◊Ø√o.
A. 'The news of Venkat' is worrying is correct.
Éü¿l®Ω’/ È®ç-úÕçöÀ-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ Ö-†o -N-≠æ-ߪ’ç. correct, because, in it, look forward to is fol- Å™« ņ’-èπ◊†o Ωu ûª®√yA Ωuí¬ Ñ ®√vûË
lowed by 'visit' which is a noun. 'The news of Venkat' is OK, but it is more
He divided the property equally among his •ßª’-©’-üË®Ω’-ûª’Ø√o.
Observe the following: common to say, 'The news about Venkat'.
children = Åûª-úø’ ûª† ÇÆœhE ûª† °œ©x-©-éπç-ü¿-JéÀ Q. Environmental feedback
a) We are looking forward to holidays- here Q. Please let me know whether the following
(Éü¿lJ éπç-õ‰ áèπ◊\¢Ë) Ææ´÷-†çí¬ °æçî√úø’. A.
sentence is correct.
'looking forward to' is followed by holi-
DEéÀ Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç ûÁL-ÊÆh-í¬F Å®Ωnç îÁ°æp™‰ç.
Much = áèπ◊\´ quantity (áèπ◊\´ ¢Á·ûªhç™– Q. We care and your family cares
days which is a noun. So it is correct. Use any suitable nouns known by your pupils.
™„éπ\-°-ôdE¢√öÀE– sugar, milk, rice ™«çöÀN b) We are looking forward to enjoying holi- A. ´÷éπC ´·êuç, O’ èπ◊ô’ç-¶«-EéÀ èπÿú≈ ÅC A. To the best of my knowledge, 'known to...' is
áèπ◊\´ ÅE ûÁ-LÊ°ç-ü¿’èπ◊) days. ´·êuç. correct, rather than known by... whatever it
Much sugar = î√-™« °æçîª-üΔ®Ω; much milk = Here, 'looking forward to' is followed by Q. Safe practice is, 'known to' is the use sanctioned by stan-
áèπ◊\´ -§ƒ-©’– Å®·ûË, much E, áèπ◊\-´í¬ not ûÓ 'enjoying'- an 'ing' form. A. Íé~´’-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† (v°æ´÷ü¿çé¬E) Ωu©’. (Driving dard dictionaries.
(áèπ◊\´í¬ ™‰ü¿’ ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊) ¢√-úø-û√ç. This is correct too. with care is a safe practice)
E. Anil, TN Palem 2) I ate the food in the fridge. 'The food in Pavan Kumar Reddy,
Q. Sir, Grammar book clause and
™ the fridge' object of the verb 'ate'
ÅØËC Hyderabad
phrases i. Noun
í∫’Jç* îªC-N-†-°æ¤púø’ 鬕öÀd, ÅC noun phrase. Q. a) The man seen
clause ii. Adjective clause iii. Adverb Å™«Íí adjective phrase èπÿú≈. °j sentence™ near the school
clause Sentence for-
©†’ îª÷¨»†’. 'in the fridge', food Å-ØË noun -†’ í∫’-Jç-* b) The book given
mation usage
™ OöÀ v§ƒ´·-ë«uEo, E îÁ°æ¤hçC 鬕öÀd, ÅC adjective phrase. to him
Noun phrase, Adjective phrase,
ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. 3) He earned to help others. 'to help others' seen, given Å-ØË-N
Adverb phrase ©†’ í∫’Jç* èπÿú≈ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. - adverb phrase, 'earned' verbÅØË †’ past participle Å--E
A. Noun clause: Noun îËÊÆ °æEE, äéπclause í∫’-Jç-* îÁ§ÚhçC 鬕öÀd. verb
A. Smoking = §Òí∫-û√-í∫-úøç, no = èπÿúøü¿’. Do not
ûÁ-©’Ææ’. é¬-F
îËÊÆh ÅC Noun clause of a sentence Q. Compliment ÅØËC verb í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC tense Verbs
Smoke here ÅØ√o, ÅüË, Å®·ûË, No Smoking,
®Ω÷°æç í∫’-Jç-* -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.
Å´¤-ûª’çC. Noun 1) Subject of a
-†’ -´’-†ç éπüΔ? é¬F, äéπ Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ subject í∫’Jç* 6 forms
Do not Smoke here éπç-õ‰ simple éπüΔ? ÉC
-™ -É-N -™‰-´¤éπ-üΔ?
sentence 2) object of a verb 3) Object of a A. The man seen near the school, (
English
ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’ç-ü¿E O’®Ω’ ÅØ√o®Ω’. Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀF Ææ÷\™¸- ü¿-í∫_®Ω
preposition 4) Complement í¬ ¢√-úø-û√ç. ã The book given to him
îª÷úø-•-úÕ† ´uéÀh), èπ◊ -Ö-†o v°æûËu-éπûª.
í∫’Jç* -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.
clause noun K. Divya, Banavasi.
†’ É™«Íí ¢√ú≈-´’-†’-éÓçúÕ. ÅC A. Complement, subject complement/ verb com- (Åûª-úÕéÀ -É-´-y•-úÕ† °æ¤Ææhéπç) Ñ È®çúÕçöx Ö†o
clause Å´¤-ûª’çC. plement is used to complete the sentence. seen, given past participles ÅE ÅØ√o-®Ω’ Q. Sir, English ™ éÌEo Verbs ûª®Ω’-¢√ûª off,
eg: 1) What he says is true. What he í∫üΔ?6 Forms of verbs ™ Íé-´-©ç past partici- away, up
The tiger is an animal. animal - sub-
Ééπ\úø Ééπ\úø ´çöÀ °æüΔ-©†’ áçü¿’èπ◊ ¢√ú≈L?
says ÅØË clause (says ÅØË verb ÖçúË ject complement. Tiger (subject) †’ ple ™‰-ü¿’-éπüΔ? Be form + pp - verb; Have/ ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ùèπ◊ go Åçõ‰ ¢Á∞¡Ÿx ÅE Å®Ωnç. 'Ç¢Á’
group of words 鬕öÀd ÅC clause) subject has/ had/ shall have/ should have, etc + PP ¢ÁRxçC— ņ-ú≈-EéÀ She went Åçõ‰ ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC
of the sentence 鬕öÀd ÅC noun clause.
í∫’-Jç-* îÁ°æ¤hçC 鬕öÀd. - verb. past participle verb
Íé-´-©ç é¬ü¿’. 鬕öÀd éπüΔ? Å™«é¬èπ◊çú≈ She went away ÅE áçü¿’èπ◊
He became angry. angry verb
2) She knows where he is. where he the man seen near the school, the book
Éçü¿’™ Ééπ\úø ¢√ú≈L? Å™« ¢√úø-éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√ °æ®Ω-¢√-™‰üΔ?
complement - verb meaning complete Peel ÅØË verb èπ◊ off ÅØË °æü¿ç áçü¿’èπ◊ ¢√ú≈L?
is clause, knows verb object given to him - groups of
ÅØË Å-ØË èπ◊ †’ Ñ È®çúø÷ èπÿú≈
'where he is' is a noun clause.
鬕öÀd îËÆæ’hçC 鬕öÀd. words without verbs, so they are phrases. I will peel off your skin, if you do it again.
Be careful. Ñ ¢√éπuç™ off ûª°æp-E-Ææ-Jí¬