Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
STUDIES SEM- 2
Graduate Report
Urban Planning Techniques & Practices(CE-632)
Guided By : Prepared by :
Dr. J.E.M.MACWAN CHEITALI SHROFF
P11 UP023
It consist of
a. Perspective plan:
20-25 years duration .
Includes Maps & Diagrams .
State government’s goal, policies, strategies of urban local
authority regarding spatio-economic development.
b. Development plan :
Conceived within Frame work of approved Perspective
plan.
Medium Duration for 5 years.
Proposals for socio-economic & spatial development of
urban centers Including land use.
c. Annual plan:
Conceived within the frame work of Development plan.
Details of new & ongoing projects for local authority
to implement in financial year
Necessary fiscal resources mobilization.
d. Plan of Projects/schemes:
•Conceived within the frame work of approved development
Plan.
•Includes detailed working layouts with cost of development,
source of Finance & recovery instruments for Execution by a
public or private agency.
Norms and standards
Comment -
• The Densities of medium town & large cities are considered
similar for sustainability.
• The density of 125 pph is max. factor for small town &
average for medium town & large cities & minimum for Metro
cities for their identification & survival.
.
Work Force:-
Large cities 25 %
Comment -
• Due to more population in Large cities the Industrial worker
Population is 25%
• In current scenario The industrial worker population Is more
than 30% due to set back in agricultural production.
Proposed Land use structure of Urban Centers
Land use category Percentage of developed area
Small Medium Large cities Metro cities
Residential 45-50 40-45 35-40 35-40
commercial 2-3 3-4 4-5 4-5
Industrial 8-10 8-10 10-12 12-14
Pub& Semi-Public 6-8 10-12 12-14 14-16
Recreational 12-14 18-20 18-20 20-25
Transport & 10-12 12-14 12-14 15-18
Communication
Agriculture & Water bodies balance balance balance balance
Comment -
• Land use structure of urban center depends upon its function and size. Due
to higher density in metros the land use for residential purpose is less
compared to smaller areas with less density.
• Land use distribution for industrial, commercial and recreational purpose
increases as we move from small town to metro cities.
Norms and standards
Comment -
• The 135 lpcd of water consumption Includes the need for fire fighting.
Water requirements for institutional buildings
Institutions Litres per head per day
Hospital
a. No. of beds exceeding 100 450 per bed
b. No. of beds not exceeding 100 340 per bed
Hotels 180 per bed
Hostels 135
Boarding schools/ colleges 135
Restaurants 70 per seat
Airports & Sea ports 70
Junctions stations & intermediate stations 70
Terminal Stations & Intermediate stations 45
Day schools/ colleges 45
Offices & factories 45
Cinema, concert halls and theatres 15
Comment -
Water is an important Resource Hence Rain water harvesting should be
encouraged in Institutional buildings as well as residential zones especially in
medium towns & cities.
Sewerage & Drainage
• The drainage system for any city/town is governed mainly by natural
course and topography. The discharge is calculated that guides the
requirements for provision of additional drain as well as up gradation of
existing drains.
• The treatment of sewerage is essential to provide hygienic conditions.
• The sewerage is estimated at the rate of 80% of the water supply demand.
• The large & metro cities shall be provided with regular sewerage treatment
facilities at zonal/city level.
• The newly developed areas shall have community level septic tanks based
on economic & environmental considerations.
• The squatter settlements may be provided with a facility of 1 toilet for 4
to 5 families based on the concept of low cost and low water
consumption.
Comment -
In case of developing cities the Treatment plant shall be planned with possible
future expansion including biogas plant ,energy conservation &environment
considerations .
Electricity
• Power supply consumption works out to be about 2 KW per household at
the city level including domestic, commercial, industrial and other
requirements.
• 1 electric substation of 11 KV for a population of 15,000 is recommended
for towns/ cities.
Comment -
• Solar power System Shall be emphasized in residential as well as
Institutional Areas.
• Bio-gas Plants Shall be Initiated in small & medium Towns.
b) Intermediate hospital
1 hospital for 1 lakh population capacity
Area for hospital 2.70 ha
Area for residential accommodation 1 ha
Total area 3.70 ha
d) Dispensary
1 for 0.15 lakh population
Area 0.08 to 0.12 ha
Comment -
•The ratio of Dispensary is very less as due to polluted environment & life
style of urban areas & accidents occurring everyday these needs to be
improved/modified for metro cities.
Socio-Cultural facilities
a) Community room
1 for 5,000 population area 660 Sq..m
b) Community hall and library
1 for 15,000 population area 2000 sq.m
c) Recreational club
1 for 1 lakh population area 10,000 sq.m
d) Music, dance and drama centre
1 for 1 lakh population - area 1,000 sq.m
e) Meditation and spiritual centre
1 for 1 lakh population area 5000 sq.m
f) Socio-cultural centre
1 for 10 lakh population area 15 ha
Comment –
•These need to be improved in Metro cities as Music, dance & drama
Centers are Not only Cultural Oriented but it’s a part Of Industry.
•These facilities can be clubbed with Commercial Activity.
Distribution services
a) Petrol pump
• One petrol pump for 150 ha of gross residential areas in residential zone
• One petrol pump for 40 ha of gross industrial area
• Two petrol pumps in each district centre
• One petrol pump in each community centre
Comment –
• These are sufficient & adequate.
b) Milk distribution
•One milk booth for 5,000 population.
Comment
•These are sufficient & adequate.
c) LPG Godown
•One gas Godown for 40-50 thousand population is sufficient for any size of town.
•The major concern for its storage and distribution is the location which shall be away from
the residential areas.
Comment
•These are sufficient & adequate.
Police
Police station
1 for 90,000 population
Area inclusive of essential residential accommodation 1.5 ha
Police post
1 for 0.4 to 0.5 lakh population
Area inclusive of essential residential accommodation 0.16 ha
Comment –
•The Police line is less in case of metro cities.
Fire
Comment –
•The disaster Management centers & rehabilitation shelters shall be
encouraged in Social Infrastructure.
Norms and standards
Comment –
•These distribution is found to be sufficient.
Distribution of shops
Comment –
•Fruits & Vegetables Markets locations shall be planned to avoid road
encroachment by local Hawkers.
Area of Commercial Centers
Area Per 1000 No. of Shops
Persons
Sq.Mt.
Cluster Centre 220 1 for 110
Persons
Comment –
•These are found to be sufficient.
Recreational Facilities
Planning unit
Housing cluster 3-4 local parks and playgrounds
sector 3-4 local park and playgrounds
community 2-3 community level park and open space
district 1 district level park and sports centre, maidan
Sub city centre 1 city level park, sports complex, botanical /zoological garden
, maidan
• Comment -
• Local parks ,Playgrounds & Open Spaces shall be distributed evenly in case of
metro cities.
• The Proportion for large cities is average of small & medium town as the land is
costlier in case of large cities.
Miscellaneous Facilities
• Cremation/ burial ground: Provision of at least 2 sites for 5 lakh
population and to provide one electric crematorium for large size towns.
• Dhobi ghat: one site for 1 lakh population with appropriate arrangements
for water and drainage facilities.
• Taxi stands/ Bus stops/ Rickshaw stands:-
- These should not be located near the road intersections
-The maximum distance of such facilities should not exceed
0.5 km from the farthest point in any residential area.
Comment –
•These are found to be sufficient.
Telecommunication:
• Communication- 10 lines per 100 population.
Comment
• The standards for mobile & telecommunication tower with their safe
locations needs to be provided in Guidelines.
•In modern days the norms & standards for wi-fi system & internet shall be
considered.
Classification of Design
Urban roads standards of
Urban roads
roads
Norms and Standards for Transportation
Cross-Sectional Elements:
Description Width
Single lane without kerbs 3.5 m
2-lane without kerbs 7m
2- lane with kerbs 7.5 m
3-lane with/without kerbs 10.5/11 m
4-lane with/without kerbs 14 m
6-lane with/without kerbs 21.0 m
Comment –
•These road widths shall be improved with informal parking on roads.
Foot path (side walk)
Capacity Required width of
footpath (m)
• Comment -
• These is one of the Important feature as many services can be laid
down under Footpath
• It gives surface for pedestrian movement.
• These are usually not identified or demarked on site,
• Hence measures & regulations for footpath shall be improved.
Cycle tracks
Parking
Equivalent car space for different vehicles.
Car/taxi 1
a) Flats :-
- one space for every two flats of 50-90 Sq.Mt or more of floor area
- one space for every flat of 100 Sq.Mt or more of floor area
• Comment -
• Norms for Public Parking on street & off street shall be revised
including the width of roads.
• Multi-level parking System By government shall be encouraged.
5. Colour Specification for Land Use in a Development plan
Sr. Zone description color
No.
1 Primary Residential Zone yellow
4 Commercial Blue
5 Industries Purple
7 Recreation Green
8 Roads Black
•It is the Task to reform the Strategies, policies by Central ,State &
local governments to serve the interest of urban poor.
•The Reserved plots & Coastal Regulation zone Norms can be modified
to accommodate the land For Urban poor.
Low Fsi
• In India the Fsi ranges between 1.2 to 2% in large cities & 5
to 6 % in mega cities in special cases.
• The low value of fsi tends to more consumption of land &
hence Shortage of land is faced for future development. These
affects the lower & middle income group households due to
Increased price of land.
• In Asian countries the fsi Practiced is between 5 to 15.Hence
for affordability point of view, the fsi shall be increased to
cater the demand of land for future needs.
Educational Facilities
• For safety Purpose the additional Space allocation for Peak Hour
traffic in front of any school, colleges & other Institutions shall
be provided.
• Primary & secondary schools to be used in Double shifts with
Bigger intake for efficient use of land.
• Educational & institutional Zones must be crated in Master plan.
Land Regulations
• Land regulations shall be revised to reduce the difference between what
is allowed & what is Financially feasible.
• These can be achieved by More compact cities, more efficient Land Use
& Primary Infra structure.