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122
ISSN: 2348 9510
International Journal Of Core Engineering & Management (IJCEM)
Volume 1, Issue 7, October 2014
123
ISSN: 2348 9510
International Journal Of Core Engineering & Management (IJCEM)
Volume 1, Issue 7, October 2014
because it has a hold torque up to 24 kg.cm the photovoltaic cells, will produce
and low rpm. Last but no least, LM7805 is electricity. This both principles are
used to convert the input voltage from the combined there and as a result of which we
source to 5 V output because integrated are able to fetch nearly double the output
circuit only need 5 V to operate. which the panel gives normally.
Precisely speaking the tracker is liable for
Working principle of the two kinds of rotations, on is on the vertical
tracker:- axis and other is on the horizontal axis. The
earlier is for the right-left movement of the
Figure shown here is the tracking device in reflection and the later is for the up-down
out prototype. It is the one which follows the movement of the reflector, for aligning
sun’s movement through out the day and reflection on the panel.
provides uninterrupted reflection to thesolar
panel.The sun rays will fall on the solar Need Of A Solar Tracker:-
panel in two ways, which is, they will fall
directly on the solar panel and also the Photovoltaic’s is the field of technology and
reflector will reflect the incident rays on the research related to the application of solar
solar panel.Suppose at the time of sun rise cells as solar energy. Solar cells have many
the sun is in extreme east the reflector will applications. Individualcells are used for
align itself in some position by which the powering small devices such as electronic
incident rays will fall on the solar panel. calculators. Photovoltaic arrays generate a
Now when the earth rotates and the sun gets form of renewable electricity, particularly
shifted form its earlier position the reflection useful in situations where electrical power
of the incident rays will also change. Thus from the grid is unavailable such as in
as a result the light will fall on remote area power systems, Earth-orbiting
the sensorskept on each side of the solar satellites and space probes, remote
panel. The tracking circuit is so designed radiotelephones and water pumping
that when reflection falls on say the sensor applications. Photovoltaic electricity is also
attached to the right of the panel, the tracker increasingly deployed in grid-tied electrical
will move towards the left, and visa-versa. systems. Renewable energy is rapidly
Similar is the case when the reflection falls gaining importance as an energy resource as
on the sensor attached at the top of the fossil fuel prices fluctuate. One of the most
panel, circuit will make the tracker to move popular renewable energy sources is solar
downwards.We here have tried to bring two energy. Many researches were conducted to
simple principles together. One being, the develop some methods to increase the
normal principle of incidence and reflection efficiency of Photo Voltaic systems (solar
on which our tracker works. And the other is panels). One such method is to employ a
the principle on which the solar panel works, solar panel tracking system .This project
which is on the incidence of the solar rays deals with a microcontroller based solar
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ISSN: 2348 9510
International Journal Of Core Engineering & Management (IJCEM)
Volume 1, Issue 7, October 2014
Component Required :-
125
ISSN: 2348 9510
International Journal Of Core Engineering & Management (IJCEM)
Volume 1, Issue 7, October 2014
126
ISSN: 2348 9510
International Journal Of Core Engineering & Management (IJCEM)
Volume 1, Issue 7, October 2014
Software Required :-
PCB Wizard :-To design the circuit &
print on printed circuit board.
KeilMicrovision3 :- It is converted
normal file or code into .hex file.
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ISSN: 2348 9510
International Journal Of Core Engineering & Management (IJCEM)
Volume 1, Issue 7, October 2014
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ISSN: 2348 9510
International Journal Of Core Engineering & Management (IJCEM)
Volume 1, Issue 7, October 2014
Methodology:- Flowchart:-
Result &Discussion :-
The system is focusing on the controller
design. The constructed system has been
tested and some data from hardware
measurement have been collected and
discussed. Typical solar panel has been used
and the purpose only to prove the designed
system is able to operate accordingly.
Therefore the surrounding effects, for
instance, weather condition are not seriously
considered during hardware testing.
Advantage :-
Solar tracking systems are used to
continually orient photovoltaic panels
towards the sun and can help maximize your
investment in your PV system. They are
beneficial as the sun's position in the sky
129
ISSN: 2348 9510
International Journal Of Core Engineering & Management (IJCEM)
Volume 1, Issue 7, October 2014
will change gradually over the course of a needs to be installed, a huge advantage for
day and over the seasons throughout the those smaller sites with only a small area to
year.They can be used most effectively in place equipment; they will be able to
areas with low horizons and locations that produce maximum energy output but only
are shade free from dawn to dusk each day. need to utilize one of the smaller solar home
Throughout the year the tracking array will systems.
be able to utilize the wide open access to Disadvantage :-
gain every available electron from the sun. High cost during development, difficult to
This way, energy production is at an control motor speed and difficult to design.
optimum and energy output is increased year By adding a solar tracking system to your
round.The standalone PV home kit system is solar panels, we are adding moving parts
a very reliable and uncomplicated source of and gears which will require
energy production; the panels don't move regularmaintenance of your solar system and
and require little maintenance.Solar tracking repair or replacement of broken parts.
systems are used to continually orient If we are electronically controlled tracker
photovoltaic panels towards the sun and can stops working and you don't have a manual
help maximize your investment in your PV control, an option you can choose at the time
system. They are beneficial as the sun's of purchase, you can manually position your
position in the sky will change gradually array to solar south to ensure that you will
over the course of a day and over the continue to capture as much solar energy as
seasons throughout the year. Advantages to possible.Solar tracking systems do not come
using a tracker system like this will depend without their disadvantages though. The
mainly on it's placement in determining how stand alone PV home kit system is a very
well it will increase the effectiveness of the reliable and uncomplicated source of energy
panels. They can be used most effectively in production; the panels don't move and
areas with low horizons and locations that require little maintenance. By adding a solar
are shade free from dawn to dusk each day. tracking system to your solar panels, you are
Throughout the year the tracking array will adding moving parts and gears which will
be able to utilize the wide open access to require regular maintenance of your solar
gain every available electron from the sun. system and repair or replacement of broken
This way, energy production is at an parts. If you're electronically controlled
optimum and energy output is increased year tracker stops working and you don't have a
round. This is especially significant through manual control, an option you can choose at
out the summer months with its long days of the time of purchase, you can manually
sunlight available to capture and when, at position your array to solar south to ensure
many Northern latitudes, the sun rises in the that you will continue to capture as much
northeast and sets in the northwest, no solar energy as possible. Secure the array
energy will be lost. For those with limited into place with ropes or straps found on the
space this means that a smaller array only
130
ISSN: 2348 9510
International Journal Of Core Engineering & Management (IJCEM)
Volume 1, Issue 7, October 2014
four corners of the rack and tie onto the pole efficiently the PV tracking systems
or in the concrete pad. operate.Applications in concentrated solar
Another possible disadvantage to be aware power and concentrated photovoltaics
of when purchasing a tracking solar power require the precise tracking of solar units to
system, is in the way your local utility's PV focus sunlight on the target medium.Solar
Rebate Program may be set up. Many are trackers are devices used to orient
based on the size of the PV array in your photovoltaic panels, reflectors, lenses or
home kit and not on your PV array's other optical devices toward the sun. Since
production, which could mean less of a the sun’s position in the sky changes with
financial benefit to you. If you have a small the seasons and the time of day, trackers are
array, such as a 3 Watt capacity, you may used to align the collection system to
get less overall cost benefit than someone maximize energy production. Several factors
else with a larger array of a 4-5 Watt size must be considered when determining the
capacity, even if your energy production use of trackers. Some of these include: the
works out higher than the person using a solar technology being used, the amount of
bigger array, due to increased sun exposure direct solar irradiation, feed-in tariffs in the
in your area. The upfront cost of purchasing region where the system is deployed, and the
a home kit with a smaller size array is less cost to install and maintain the
but you may receive a smaller rebate check. trackers.Solar panels are usually set up to be
Many areas though, are now starting to in full direct sunlight at the middle of the
make the move from the rated wattage day, facing south in the Northern
system of photovoltaic home systems to the Hemisphere, or facing north in the Southern
energy production based incentive program. Hemisphere. Therefore morning and
evening sunlight hits the panels at an acute
Application :- angle and reduces the total amount of
It controls movement in azimuthal and electricity which can be generated each
zenithal directions, independent of whether day.A solar tracker is a device onto which
the requirements are for a photovoltaic (PV) solar panels are fitted which tracks the
or a concentrated solar power (CSP) facility. motion of the sun across the sky, thus
The modules or mirrors are optimally ensuring that the maximum amount of
aligned with the angle of the sun's rays to sunlight strikes the panels throughout the
constantly optimize solar energy regardless day.When compared to the price of the PV
of the sun’s position. These solar tracking solar panels, the cost of a solar tracker is
systems have up to a one-third higher energy relatively low. We provide highly efficient,
yield than stationary PV system — proprietary single and dual axis solar
depending on the intensity of the sunlight at tracking systems. Our single-axis solar
the installation site because the closer an trackers can typically increase electricity
installation is to the equator, the more generation by 30%, while our dual-axis
131
ISSN: 2348 9510
International Journal Of Core Engineering & Management (IJCEM)
Volume 1, Issue 7, October 2014
Construction :-
Construction of this project is very easy .Just
assemble the ICs, resistance and capacitors
on any General-purpose PCB Put the
vertical jumper on the Port1.0 & Port1.1.
The actual –Size ,single –side PCB layout of
the circuit is given in PCB layout.
132
ISSN: 2348 9510
International Journal Of Core Engineering & Management (IJCEM)
Volume 1, Issue 7, October 2014
References :
David Appleyard, “Solar Trackers:
Facing the Sun”, Renewable Energy
World Magazine, UK: Ralph Boon,
June 1, 2009.
www.wikipidia.com
www.electronicsforu.com
www.engineeargarage.com
www.slideshare.net
www.youtube.com
www.projectsof8051.com
www.ieeexplore.ieee.org
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