tNavigator

General description

Training Tutorials 2016

Rock Flow Dynamics

 Training description 2

Open model
Run model and
Properties Check quality of
analyze Rates,
maps, History Matching
Totals, Pressure, …
Resources

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 Data input-output 3

Interactive GUI
E100/300
IMEX
GEM
Console tNavigator
STARS binary files
Tempest/More + log-file
Assisted History
Matching GUI RSM-file

RESCUE MPI/cluster
trajectories
events Remote GUI E100 binary
files
history
RP/PVT Model Designer
GUI

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 File structure 4

.DATA, INCLUDE – model initial files

RESULTS – calculation results:

• .log – text file with report on simulation process
• .log.old – saved .log file with results from the previous model
opening
• .err – error report
• .res – binary files with results (maps, graphs …)
• .sdata – View Graphs mode. View Results
• .lock – controls model opening with only one tNavigator
instance
• .meta, rlog, etc – tNavigator inner files

USER – folder with user modifications made from graphical

interface
_pvt, _rp, _sch (are saved in separate files)

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 Open model modes 5

Open model to run simulation (use if you plan to modify model in

graphical interface and run simulation)
• Open model (formats E100, E300)
Open model
• Choose format (E100, E300, IMEX, STARS, GEM)
Open as… • Choose time steps to save results

View simulation results (user to see the results of model that has been
calculated previously, .sdata-file is used)

View Results • Run simulation button is disable

• You can’t change results (delete or rewrite them)

View Graphs • Analogous to «View Results»

• Options that use grid are not available (Maps,
graphs Block Info, Well Section, …)

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 tNavigator documentation 6

User Manual. Physical model description, mathematic

tNavUserManualEnglish.pdf
model, formulas, keywords.

User Guide. Description of tNavigator graphical

tNavUserGuideEnglish.pdf interface: maps, graphs, buttons, Assisted History
Matching algorithms.

Arithmetic manual. List of properties, operations,

tNavArithmeticManualEnglish.pdf functions that can be used in model data file editing,
User Maps, Cuts, graphs creation. Examples.

New features in tNavigator Gui and kernel in new

release_notes_eng.pdf
releases.

HowTo tutorials in the format: test model+.pdf

Training tutorials presentation

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 tNavigator main window 7

1. Run tNavigator
2. File. Open – open E100 models
3. File, Open as - switch E300, IMEX, STARS, MORE
4. Main window contains the following options

Parallel: choose number of

cores for parallel calculations

Language: Settings,
Language, English

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 Open model 8

• If you want to run black-oil case - open the model BlackOilDEMO/black_oil_demo.data

(in this training tutorial all slides are from this black-oil case OIL, WATER, GAS, DISGAS)

• If you want to run compositional case - open the model CompDEMO/COMP_DEMO.DATA

(gas condensate field, 5 components and water)

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 Open model 9

1. File. Open
BlackOilDEMO/black_oil_demo.data

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 3D visualization 10

tNavigator can: Visualize the model before and during calculations (Maps, 2D and 3D
maps); Stop calculations, edit the model and run calculations again.

Time slider

Options
Visualization panel

Press on the block to see the value

of map parameter in this block

Report panel

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Maps of Properties 11

Histogram

3D map

2D map

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 Maps List 12

Initial maps – depth, porosity, block size along X, Y, Z axis,

permeability along X, Y, Z axis, transmissibility multipliers, etc.

Calculated maps – pressure, saturation of oil, water, gas, ternary

saturation diagram, reciprocal of formation volume factor for water,
oil, gas, reciprocal of viscosity for water, oil, gas, etc.

Resources – Oil in place, Mobile Oil in Place, Mass Mobile Oil in

Place, Gas in Place, etc.

Regions – Pvtnum (PVT regions), Satnum (saturation regions),

FIPnum (Fluid-in-Place regions), Eqlnum (equilibration regions), etc.

User Cuts and User Maps – maps and cuts that can be created via
User Arithmetics.

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 3D visualization of properties
To rotate map – hold left mouse button and move the mouse
To move map – hold right mouse button and move the mouse
To scale map – roll mouse wheel
Default view – press left + right mouse click
Different models views – Button Views and presentation params

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 Properties in each grid block 14

Right mouse click on block on 2D or 3D map, choose Block statistics (size, porosity, permeability,
regions to which block corresponds etc.)
Press top left angle of table to select it Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V (to copy and export to Excel)

Change the
block –
Select X, Y,
Z
coordinates
here

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 Palette for properties visualization 15

1. The parameter values ​of properties on the map correspond to the colors on palette
2. Vertical color palette is marked by horizontal lines and numbers
3. In the figure the default palette (red, blue, green, yellow, red)
4. The color changes evenly between the two colors
5. To change Palette properties - right mouse click on the palette

Vertical palette

Right mouse click to add

colors, change palette mode

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 Discrete palette 16

1. Right mouse click on palette. Set Discrete Palette

2. Discrete and Continuous palette
• Discrete palette: color on the map corresponds to the parameter values from minimum
(specified in the palette on the horizontal line at the bottom of the color) to a maximum (in
the palette on the horizontal line at the top of this color)
• Continuous palette: each parameter value corresponds to the color tone
3. Back to continuous palette - right mouse click on palette and Set Continuous Palette

Discrete palette Continuous palette

Discrete palette: green color corresponds to the parameter

value from 142,05 до 143,88

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 Distance between blocks or wells 17

1. 3D maps.
2. Move time slider to see field development history (red – producers, blue - injectors)
3. Press Distance between two specified blocks
4. Left mouse click to note blocks, separated by a distance to be measured

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 Initial geological Resources: Sum oil in place 18

1. Maps. Resources. Oil in Place

2. Map statistics
3. Map statistics: Entries (active blocks), Sum, Mean (average), RMS (Root Mean Square),
Minimum, Maximum value of parameter for this map
4. So as Sum we see Sum of Oil in place for field
5. (The same way Oil in place Mass, Mobile and Gas resources can be calculated)

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 Resources in FIP regions: create FIPNUM Cut 19

We are going to calculate resources in FIPNUM regions: 1-st we create User Cut for FIPNUM, 2-nd
(next frame) calculated resources in each FIPNUM
1. User cuts. Cut
2. In Map arithmetic command line «FIPNUM». Apply.
3. See 3 FIP-regions with different color

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 Resources in FIP regions: Map statistics 20

1. Return to Maps. Resources. Oil in Place

2. Check Use Cut. Cut.
3. Select = and 3
4. 3-rd FIPNUM region is visualized
5. Map statistics is now for blocks in 3-rd FIP region (for which Cut =3 is true)
6. See Sum – resources in 3-rd FIP region
7. Switch between 1,2,3 FIP regions analogously

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 2D maps for properties 21

Dropdown menu for 2D maps:

Layer, Sum, Min, Max, Avg, Rms, Concentration, Density, Profile, Roof, Bottom, Cross-section
Check Show well names

Layer: layer number in Z-

axis direction (IJ), X-axis Sum: of all vertical layers
(JK), Y-axis (IK)

Avg (average): of all Rms (variance): variation of

vertical layers all vertical layers
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 Contour lines to locate areas with high resources 22

1. Oil in Place map. 2D - Sum

2. Check Color by Contour lines
3. Check Show Contour lines
4. See the areas with high resources
5. Press Settings to change contour lines settings

Settings

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 Properties for layers in 3D 23

1. Go to to 3D, select property you want to analyze (Permeability at the picture)

2. Press 3D slicing
3. Uncheck all
4. Check layers you want to visualize

3D slicing

Sliders to add
group of layers
Check layers

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 Histogram for properties 24

1. Maps. Initial Maps. Porosity. Histogram

2. The height of the column - the number of blocks with the values ​of porosity (or other parameter)
in this range
3. Statistics to see Sum, Mean,… for selected property

 Values ​(the height of the column corresponds to the

number of blocks with the values ​of porosity in the
range)
 Percentage (the height of the column corresponds to
the number of blocks per cent with the values ​of
porosity in the range)
• Total number of active blocks (Entries);
• Sum of porosity values for all blocks (Sum);
• Mean (average value of porosity for blocks) (Mean);
• RMS (porosity variance) (RMS – root mean square).

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 Run and stop calculations 25

1. Run calculations and Stop

2. Run calculations to the specified time step (Goto Step). Calculations will stop at this step
3. When you reopen the model calculation can be run from any previously calculated step
4. Playback results – Auto playback of calculated steps (step by step changes on the maps,
graphs, tables)

Run calculations

Playback results Time slider

Stop

Run calculations to step,

Enter step number
Calculated steps are underlined with a red line

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 One model in several windows 26

Press Create new window to open several windows with your model:
• In different windows you can analyze: 2D and 3D maps of properties, graphs,
histograms
• You can open new windows before or during calculations
• Move additional window to the second screen

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 Graphs. Calculations. Easy restarts 27

1. Graphs. Totals. Select Group – FIELD

2. Check Oil Total, Oil total (H) – historical – dotted line, Water Total, Water Total (H) – dotted line
3. Interactivity in the calculation. You can stop the calculation, without waiting till the end, if, for
example, there is big difference between history and calculation data.
4. Restart calculation – move time the slider to the time step, which requires a recalculation, and
run the calculation again
Stop calculations

Time slider

Objects: connections, wells,

groups, reservoir, FIP
regions, segments, network

Press Reset to
deselect all
Red vertical line – current
calculation step

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 Well control mode 28

1. Graphs. Totals (or Rates, or…)

2. Select a well, check parameters (Oil and Water on the picture)
3. See the 2 bars with well control mode (top bar – calculated control, bottom - historical)
4. Press in report panel Well events button to see only messages for wells

Injector
Producer Well 50
Shut Calculation – switch LRAT to BHP
Stop control
Injector History – LRAT always (liquid rate)
(producer
earlier)

Well events in the log

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 Graphs. Export to Excel 29

1. Click upper left corner to select a table (or Ctrl+A (select all), Ctrl+C (copy), Ctrl+V (paste) to
Excel)
OR
2. Press Export (green arrow) to save the table. Specify extension .xls to save Excel-file

Press to select all table

Export

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 Min and Max pressure during calculations 30

1. Calculated Maps. Pressure

2. 2D map. Min
3. For oil fields: we can see the areas where pressure < bubble point (gas appears)
4. For gas fields: we can see the areas where pressure< dew point (condensate)
5. Use 2D Max map of pressure to see if we have areas with “overinjection”

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 Current production: bubble maps 31

1. 2D map. Check Bubble Maps (Production Rates Bubble Maps are selected for default)
2. Move time slider to see production and injection at each time step
3. Blue – injection rate, orange – oil rate, green – water rate
4. Double click on the well to switch to its graphs Rates
5. Any new Bubble Map templates can be created, exported and used in other models

Double click
on well
Open Settings

Press to add a new Template

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 Cross-section (horizontal) 32

3D
1. Cross-section. Coordinate plane (Z)
2. Hold left mouse button (and move yellow sphere) to move the horizontal section plane
3. Or enter section depth in meters
4. Close dialogue – Cross-section 1 is saved automatically
2D
1. Cross-Section. Cross-section 1
2. Move time slider to see properties in dynamics

Cross section

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 Cross-section (vertical) 33

3D
1. Cross-section. Vertical
2. Do two click on blocks to see a section plane
3. Hold left mouse button (and move yellow sphere) to move the section plane or rotate it by
the corners
4. Close dialogue – Cross-section 1 is saved automatically
2D
1. Cross-Section. Cross-section 1

Cross section

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 Graph types: Object, Parameter, Step 34

1. Object type– one of the following: connection, well, group of wells, region, reservoir. Graphs
of various parameters as time function can be built simultaneously for selected object (one!).

2. Parameter type – one (!) parameter of the following: totals, rates, pressure, ... Graph of values
for any number of wells, groups, connectons as time function can be built for this parameter.

Objects

Parameters
Parameter graph types: Separate (graphs
for all objects in the window), Sum (sum
of the parameter for all selected objects),
Average (average of the parameter for all
selected objects), Active Average (well is
active at the time step if it works on
current time step)
Switch graphs type

3. Step. Any number of parameters for any number of objects can be calculated for any time
step. Place time slider to any time step

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 Well filter: wells you are interested in now 35

When you use Well filter (on the right panel): only wells from filter will be visualized on all maps
and graphs

Use Well filter Well filter is active

Check wells

Select well
All reservoir wells
groups

Deselect all: No wells will be Wells with filter

visualized

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Check quality of History Matching 36

HM tables and graphs

Unified History
Matching Results

Graphs, Plots:
Historical vs
Calculation values

Bubble Maps:
residuals

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 Unified History Matching Results 37
1. Graphs. Unified History Matching Results
2. Historical and calculated values of parameters for wells: Oil total, Water total, Gas Total,
Liquid Total, Rates, water cut, water injection etc.
3. Data is updated at each time step. At the end of the calculation move time slider to the desired
step and analyze the HM table at this step.
4. Settings to check only the columns you are interested in
Relative Mismatch = |Hist. – Calc.| *100%
Hist.

Absolute Residual (Mismatch) = Hist. – Calc.

Wells
Settings

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 Sorting History Matching table 38

HM table data can be sorted by ascending or descending parameter values.

Left-click to header of column that should be sorted
Sort Descending of the Oil Total Relative Mismatch
Wells with worst HM quality are on the top of the list now

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 Graphs: history as dotted line 39

1. Graphs. Totals (Rates, etc…)

2. Groups (Field, Wells, etc)
3. Tick Oil total, Oil Total (H), Water Total, Water Total (H), Liquid Total, Liquid Total (H)
4. (H) – means historical value
5. Compare historical and calculated values for wells, field on graphs and tables

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 Graph: historical and calculated values 40
1. Graphs. Hist vs Calc X-axis – calculated value, Y-axis – historical value
2. Green bisector line – calculated value of parameter is equal to historical for the wells on this line
3. Tolerance – Red lines – 10% deviation from the bisector (for well deviation between calculated
and historical value is valid)
4. Uncheck Hide matched to see wells with good HM quality (green squares)
5. Move time slider to see plot at each time step

Calculated and historical oil total for wells

don’t match (residual in more than 10%)
Red wells in the table and graph

Calculated oil rate is equal to historical oil

rate at this time step (between red lines)
Green wells in the table and graph.
To see Green wells tick off – Hide Matched

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 Graph: historical and calculated values 41
1. Tolerance can be changed for high rate wells and middle rate wells independently (5% for high
rates and 10% for middle rates on the picture)
2. Square – wells with middle rate
3. Around square – wells with high rate
4. Tick Hide Low Rate Ones (Low Rate wells list depend on user specified Min. Rate)

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 Bubble Maps: mismatch 42

1. 2D Map. Avg (or Sum) Check Bubble Maps. Settings – Mismatch Map
2. Choose parameter (Oil Rate on the picture). Near the circle there are values of Oil rate
mismatch. Move time slider to see mismatches at each time step
3. Red color of circle (hist value > calc), blue color (hist value < calc)
4. Hint: If big bubble maps are distributed uniformly everywhere – it means that the problem of
HM is complex for whole field (may be we need change RP or permeability everywhere)
If big bubble maps are presented somewhere locally – then HM problem is local and we need to
change properties only locally

Uncheck Relative Mismatches to see

Absolute mismatches bubble maps

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Thank you for attention!

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