FOUR STOREY VILLALBA HOTEL DATA NETWORK SYSTEM DESIGN

Presented to
Engr. Ian Giovanni R. Pabillaran
Faculty of the Department of Electronics Engineering
Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan

In Partial Fulfilment
For the Requirements of
ACE 41 – Information Technology

By
Villalba, Leo Marcelo P.

September 2017
 CHAPTER ONE
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

INTRODUCTION
A data network system is a system that is composed of an area network with different design
topologies such as mesh, star, ring, and etc, for the distribution of data between network access
points. Multipoint data transfers are possible through the interconnectivity of the devices. This devices
such as router, switch, and hub are responsible for the data transfers from one point to another in a
multipoint data network system. In addition, in typical local area network, an internet connection can
be distributed to the entire network through the active devices.
Several parameters are important to be considered in the data network system such as the
bandwidth and speed capabilities of the cables connecting each devices, the data transfer rate and
volume of data that is required for the internet connection, and the distribution of data through
switches, router, or hub. This parameters are important in order for the end users to utilize data
sharing or transfers from one point to another and also for the end users to enjoy the internet
connectivity without any connection problems.
In this project, a four storey building data network system distribution is to be designed and
optimized technically and economically to be presented to the owner of the four storey building.
Optimized technically for the purpose of reducing the system problems of data transfer rate, internet
connection speed and data, and lastly, for the appropriate materials to be used with respect to the
specifications. Optimized economically with respect to the design specifications in order to reduce
excess costs.

OBJECTIVES
The main objective of this project is to apply and implement the lessons learned about data
network system design from the subject ACE 41, Information Technology. Specifically, this project aims
to complete the following:

1. To design a network topology for the data network system of the four storey building.
2. To know the standard components required for the data network system.
3. To obtain the cost estimate of the bill of materials.

In addition, this projects aims to present the following data:

1. General Notes
 2. Legends and Symbols
3. Location
4. Professional and Labor fee

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

A four storey building to be utilized as a commercial hotel requires a data network system
design. It is necessary to design the distribution system for data and internet connectivity for the
satisfaction of the customers and also for the utilization of the hotel personnels. Internet connection
speed and data volume is also to be determined with respect to the necessity of the customers and
the hotel management.

THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
This project aims to provide a design for data network system. The distribution of data and
interconnectivity of the devices provides a way for the hotel personnels to store and transfer one data
to a server or a computer for ease of access and computations. In addition, it also provides the
customers of the four storey hotel the previlege of having internet connectivity either through the
local area network or more commonly used today, the WiFi. This project aims to follow the distribution
diagram presented in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Data Network System Design diagram.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This project is significant for the student for they will practice the knowledge learned to a
project for application and enhancement of the design skills. In addition, this experience is important
since we have no real world design experience of data network system design and being able to be
supervised by a professional engineer gives significant experience based and theoritical learning more
important.
 CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Similar with other network designs such as for Fire Detection and Alarm System, Public
Address System, Building Management System, Closed – Circuit Television System, Community
Antenna Television System, and etc, the Data Network System also requires a structured topology to
transfer data from point to point. Though data network system is similar to other systems stated above
for they utilize low power and smart electronics system for their utilization, data network system is
different in a way it uses digital data and at very high speed of transmission either cable media or
wireless media (Wikipedia, 2017).
A data network is a system that transfers data between network access points (nodes)
through data switching, system control and interconnection transmission lines. Data networks are
primarily designed to transfer data from one point to one or more points (multipoint). Data networks
may be composed of a variety of communication systems including circuit switches, leased lines and
packet switching networks. There are predominately two types of data networks, broadcast and point-
to-point. Types of data networks range from very short range personal area networks (PANs) to wide
area data networks (WANs). A user transferring data between a PDA and a computer within
their personal area network (PAN). This data can be transferred through their company's local area
network (LAN), through a city widemetropolitan area network (MAN) and through a wide area
network (WAN) so it can reach other locations. When the data reaches other locations, it is transferred
back to a fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) local area network (LAN) so it can reach its destination
computer (www.voipdictionary.com, 2017).
Businesses depend on communication networks to transmit information. Networks are
required to enable organizations to reduce overall capital expenditures and improve their agility. A
predictable infrastructure is needed for these applications to work. Network requirements are only
going to become more important as application load and user expectations grow. Common data
networks are as follows:
Local Area Network (LAN) – A local area network is a network of computers in a
localized area, such as in an office or on a campus. All the computers are
connected to each other through the LAN via a hub or a switch. The larger the
number of computers on the LAN, the slower the LAN runs.
Wide-Area Network (WAN) – A wide-area network covers a large geographic
area and typically consists of multiple computer networks. The Internet is a type
of WAN that relies on a large global network of service providers that use routers,
 switches, modems, and servers to provide connectivity to workers and
organizations around the globe. It is a network of interconnected computers that
carries data, media, and webpages.
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) – The public switched network is
basically the telephone's version of the Internet. It is a network of public circuit-
switched telecommunication. Today’s network is mostly digital and includes
services for both cellular and landline phones. Telecommunication is the
transmission of signals over a large distance, usually by electromagnetic waves. It
is used for radio and telephones. Computer data transmission is also a form of
telecommunication.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) – A MAN is a network that uses technology
designed to extend over an entire city. For example, a company could employ a
MAN to connect the LANs in all its offices throughout a city.
Wireless Networks – Wireless networks provide transmission and network
connectivity to devices without cables or wires. Wi-Fi is a wireless network for
computers that have remote access to the network. Bluetooth, which connects
with a nearby mobile phone, is a shorter-range version of a wireless network and
supports transmission of voice and data, but only at a distance of a few feet from
the communication device that it works with.
Satellite Networks – Satellite networks are offered in a number of configurations.
Telephone operating companies use satellites for data and voice transmission to
mobile phones on the ground. Some satellite networks provide navigation
information, military surveillance, or weather data. Still others provide television
programming, radio broadcasts, and even broadband Internet service.
(www.ingrammicroadviser.com, 2017)

Many commercial, industrial, and even residential infrastructures today have data networks.
According to Rappler, last year, 2016, in Philippines alone, 150 000 terabytes of data annually is being
consumed. In addition, at least 44, 478, 808 people connected to the internet, at least 43.5% of the
total population in the Philippines (www.internetlivestats.com, 2016). With the figures presented
above, data network system is very abundant in the Philippines, may it be residential, commercial, or
industrial.
 For commercial and industrial infrastructures, data network system is very important for it
simplifies people’s job of sharing, storing, and using the internet. According to ESD Global, they define
Data Network System Design as follows,
“The data network is the core infrastructure that so many systems depend
on in a modern building, campus, or entire corporation. Because more and more
systems and applications are depending on the data network, the progression of
networking is happening at a rapid pace” (ESD Global, 2017).

In the design of commercial data network system, several features are important to cover. A
modern network needs to be efficient and secured. ESD Global data network system design is
composed of the following, Local Area Network (LAN) which caters for the switching, routing, core,
distribution and access of data. For the Wide Area Network (WAN), routing, site-site, multi-site, Multi-
Protocol Label Switching (MPLS), and Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS). In addition, network security
must be also considered.
Another company Data Network Systems (DNS), offers the following features in a data
network design. Cabling installations with Cat-5, 5e, 6, 6a, 7, and 7a, including cable pathways, cabling
identification and labeling, encolusure and cabinets, rack installations, and floor plan for record (DNS,
2017). The following features stated above is necessary in the design of this project’s data network
system.
 CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN
A four storey building floor plan is prepared for the data network system design. Based on the
floor plan, the data network system distribution is then to be planned and its network topologies.
With the network topology and customer and management requirements, active devices will be
chosen to further distribute the data. In addition, from the floor plan, CAT6e cable length can be
calculated for the estimate of the costs.

DESIGN PROCEDURES
For the data network system, the design procedure is as follows:

1.) From the riser diagram, design the locations of Main Distribution Frame (MDF) and
Intermediate Distribution Frames (IDF).
2.) Once MDF and IDF floor locations is decided, it is important to assign the location of the
MDF and IDF from the floor plan.
3.) For each floor, design the number of end user active devices and decide the number of
ports in the switch/router to be used.
4.) For the entire network, determine the internet data transfer rate and volume satisfactory
to all the users.
5.) Search for the equipments and its specifications for applications in the design.
6.) Run down costing and budgeting of the data network system.
 CHAPTER FOUR
DESIGN RESULTS

This chapter contains the designs of the Data Network System using AutoCAD. In an organized
manner, starting from the following page, this chapter contains the following entities:

1. General Notes
2. Legends and Symbols
3. Horizontal Floor Plans and Riser Diagram
4. Location
5. Main and Intermediate Distribution Frame Diagram

GENERAL NOTES

1. Conduit shall be permanently and effectively grounded.

2. This arrangement limited to drop wire attachment of up to 5 lines.
3. Span to fixture shall not exceed 45.7 meters.
4. Service must be sufficiently high to provide proper drop wire clearance over side, streets
or roadways in compliance with the codes and regulations.

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

1. All the materials used in this project shall be good standard and quality.
2. Do not combined electronics outlet to electrical outlet.
3. All electronics installation shall be under the direct supervision of a duly license
professional electronics engineer or electronics engineer.
4. All electronics plan shall be signed and sealed by a professional electronics engineer under
R.A. 9292.
5. All electronics installations shall be in accordance with the latest provisions of the
Philippine Electronic Code.
6. Electronics convenience out: 0.30 m above finish floor level unless specified for other
purposes.

DATA NETWORK SYSTEM

1. All cable shall be cat6e or otherwise stated.
 2. Each circuit shall be tested for grounds & shorts by means of insulation resistance
equipment.
3. All cables to be laid in pvc pipes shall be encased in concrete when across the
driveway.
4. Wiring or cables used shall be in concealed conduit (pvc conduit #4) unless otherwise
specified.
5. All cables used and installation method shall comply with the technical specifications,
standard code of practice and authority requirement.
6. The modem & router shall be enclosed in data cabinet.
7. All locations of equipment and cable routes shown on the drawing are indicative only.
8. Refer to the specification for full details of equipment specification.
9. The position of all equipment as shown in the drawing is approximate only. the exact
location shall be determined on site.

Ordinance No. 9013-2013

An ordinance regulating the installtion, operation and maintenance of telecommunication
cable and cable facilities for service providers, providing penalties for violation thereof and for other
purposes. Chapter 2 Section 7 – Requirements – no telecommunication facility (TCF) permit shall be
issued by the Office of Building Official (OBO) for the installation of the foretasted telecommunication
cable and cable facilities (in-house cabling) without a plan, design and specification duly prepared,
signed and sealed by a professional Electronics Engineer.

BILL OF MATERIALS

MATERIALS Quantity Price Total (Php)

1 CAT6e Cable 1208.5 m Php 7, 582.46/ 30, 329.84
304.8 m
2 UPS 4 Php 2, 650.00 10, 600.00
3 14 Port Router 1 Php 10, 075.00 10, 075.00
4 16 Port Switch 1 Php 7, 900.00 7, 900.00
5 24 Port Switch 3 Php 14, 000.00 42, 000.00
6 4 Port Wi-Fi 42 Php 1, 080.00 45, 360.00
Router
7 RJ 45 Face Plate 46 Php 123.00 5, 658.00
1-Port
9 RJ 45 Jack 184 Php 310.00/100 620.00
pcs
10 Data Cabinet 4 Php 7, 130.00 28, 520.00
11 Server 1 Php 50, 000.00 50, 000.00
12 Conduit: 15 mm 10 m Php 40.60/m 406.00
13 Conduit: 25 mm 10 m Php 75.60/m 756.00
14 Conduit: 32 mm 60 m Php 80.00/m 4, 800.00
15 Conduit: 40 mm 200 m Php 115.00/m 23, 000.00
Sub-Total Php 260, 024.84
Professional Fee (5%) Php 13, 001.24
Labor Fee Php 130, 012.40
Total Php 403, 038.48
 CHAPTER FIVE
ANALYSIS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

Design Analysis
The project provides the students to apply their knowledge on data network systems in a four
storey hotel design. The data network system is primarily used for the local area network and internet
access.
Before designing the data network system, it is best to study first the building in order to
determine the number of network ports and active devices needed in order to complete the data
network system. Then, placement of the active devices according to the necessity of the consumers
and utilization of the hotel local area network is important.
The data network topology used to distribute the data from floor to floor is star network from
the MDF to IDFs distribution. The star network connects the switch towards the Wi-Fi Routers or data
port and from the Wi-Fi router then a star network topology is created where end users can connect
their mobile phones, laptops, and etc.
After determining the network topology, it is important to select then the active devices
required in order for the network topology to be created. As said previously, each switch creates a bus
network for each floor and each point in a bus, either Wi-Fi or data port, creates a star network. In
addition, the MDF to IDF star network is composed of a router that is connected directly from the
internet modem. The router itself is the center of the star network of the distribution frames. After
the active devices is selected, a recommended cat6e cable is to be used to connect each devices. For
the backbone of the system is only using cat6e since the distance of the MDF to the IDFs is not that
long and the data network system integrity cannot be compromised since the building is used as a
hotel and costumers are assumed to be not using the internet at high volume of data. Data users are
expected to be using only social medias, emails, some video streaming, and internet surfing.
In determining the length of the cables, the floor plan is referred to with additional 3 meters
for compensation to the ceiling height. Lastly, in data network design, the number of cables and its
cross sectional area is important to note in order to properly size the conduit where it will be enclosed.

Cost Analysis
In pricing the components of the data network system, it is important to refer to the internet
specially when there is no initial information about the matter. Referring to the internet also provides
the designer and the owner of the project the cost estimate of the project. A complete list of materials
needed per floor and cost is attached in the appendix.
 The overall itemized cost of the project is equal to Php 403, 038.48. The cost is comprised of
the materials, labor, and professional fee. For the materials, Wi-Fi routers are dominating since every
rooms, lobbies, dining halls are filled with the Wi-Fi routers. Individual rooms are selected to have Wi-
Fi routers in order for private connection to the network of each costumers. In addition, typical Wi-Fi
routers have maximum number of devices to be connected, thus each room’s Wi-Fi is dedicated to
the people in the room and not shared within the same floor. Other materials are necessary to build
up the data network system.
The professional fee is 5% of the total cost of materials while the labor is 10 times of that the
professional fee, Php 13, 001.24 and Php 130, 012.40 respectively. The professional fee is based on
the typical fees paid rather than as indicated in the laws since 10 % is high enough. The labor fee
includes all the installation, testing of the system, and supervision.
The data network system is necessary for the hotel to be competitive with others since most
of the customers are people who utilize the internet for their jobs and for entertainment. In addition,
the management and the operation will be simplified and data recorded will be stored within the local
area network.
Comparing the hotel without the data network system, it would have a hard time to function
since the reservations, data storage, internet access are dependent on the system. The income of the
hotel are mainly from the customers who rents the room at a rate of Php 2000.00 per night. Having
36 rooms all in all, the maximum revenue per night would be Php 72, 000.00. Without data network
system, an average of 15 rooms per night is projected to be rented, that would be Php 30, 000.00 per
night and Php 900, 000.00 per month of revenue. With a monthly fixed operating cost of
Php 500, 000.00 and variable cost of 40 % the revenue , it would make a profit of only Php 40, 000.00.
Compared to the hotel with the data network system, the projected number of customers would
increase by 40% which is averaging now with 21 customers per night. That would yield Php 42, 000.00
revenue per night and Php 1, 260, 000.00 per month, revenue less costs as seen on the table below
yields to Php 233, 000.00 profit. Annually, the hotel will only profit Php 480, 000.00 without the data
network system compared to Php 2, 796, 000.00 with the data network system.
The annual difference on profit between the hotel with data network system and without is
equal to Php 2, 316, 000.00 (Php 2, 796, 000.00 – Php 480, 000.00), and the net return yielded by the
project in the first year of implementation is Php 1, 912, 961.52 (Php 2, 316, 000.00 – Php 403, 038.48).
The total cost of the system is equal to only Php 403, 038.48, thus the return on investment of the
data network system project in just one year is 474.63 % (Php 1, 912, 961.52/Php 403, 038.48).
Average Hotel Income
Maximum Hotel Average Hotel
without Data Network
Income Income with Data
System
 Network System
(1.4 w/o DNS)
Room Rate per night Php 2000.00 Php 2000.00 Php 2000.00
Total Number of Rooms 36 15 21
Revenue Per Night Php 72, 000.00 Php 30, 000.00 Php 42, 000.00
Monthly Revenue Php 2, 160, 000.00 Php 900, 000.00 Php 1, 260, 000.00
Fixed Monthly
Php 500, 000.00 Php 500, 000.00 Php 500, 000.00
Operating Cost
Data Network System
Monthly Cost (Internet Php 0.00 Php 23, 000.00
and Maintenance)
Variable Monthly
Operating Cost (40% Php 864, 000.00 Php 360, 000.00 Php 504, 000.00
Revenue)
Profit per Month Php 796, 000.00 Php 40, 000.00 Php 233, 000.00
Annual Profit Php 9, 552, 000.00 Php 480, 000.00 Php 2, 796, 000.00

Conclusion
In sum, the design and application of data network system is very important today since
several of the infrastructures being built utilizes data network and internet access. Designing a data
network system is similar to the design of electrical power distribution since it has similarites such as
the data cabinet for the panel board, the data ports or active devices as the electrical loads, and the
network switches as the circuit breakers. Thus it is easy to relate from being into designing electrical
systems into designing electronics system.
In the implementation of the project, the hotel would profit greatly compared to not having a
data network system. Only in the first year of implementation, the hotel will get back their invested
capital with 474.63% return of investment.

Recommendation
As the data network system design yields the potential to increase the profit of the hotel
greatly, it is recommended that the system be implemented. In addition, at least two internet service
providers must be connected in order for continuity of service in cases of failure of one of the provider.

Personal Experience
In the start of the project design, being able to designg my own hotel building was great for it
is up to me how how many rooms it contains and what is available in the first floor such as the lobby,
dining hall, kitchen and bar, and etc. Being blessed by God, I have been exposed to several 5 star hotels
thus I also wanted to imitate how some of their floors would be so I applied it in my first floor. The
four storey hotel design was challenging but was also so fulfilling.
 In the design of the data network system, at first I was challenged since the electronic systems
that I knew was more on microcontrollers, integrated circuits, and other components. This time, a
ready to use system where it can just be plug and play type will be used. Though information
technology is still in depth to be learned, this design provided me an overview on how the data
networks are connected in buildings.
This new skill set is also important for me since it can be integrated to my future electrical
designs where building permits now requires electronic systems designs. Other electronic system
designs such as PABx are similar to the data network system thus adjusting is not that hard.
In sum, the design of data network system, as an electrical engineering practitioneer, is
relatable to our electrical systems designs and designing data network system would also help us earn
more in the future with the help of signing and sealing of the design by the Professional Electronics
Engineer.

APPENDIX
 CAT6e
ACTIVE DATA
ROOM TAGGING Length UPS RJ 45
DEVICE PORTS
(m)
Communications 1 1 14 - Router 2
MDF
Room 16 - Switch
Bar and Kitchen D1BK 32 1 2
4 – Wi-Fi
FIRST FLOOR

D1DA 11.5 1 4
Router
Dining Area
4 - Wi-Fi
D2DA 21.5 1 4
Router
D1REC 34 1 2
Reception D2REC 32 1 2
D3REC 30 1 2
Waiting 4 – Wi-Fi
D10L 37.5 1 4
Area/Lobby Router
Note: CAT6e Length for first floor is from MDF.
Communications 24 –
IDF-1 3.5 1 2
Room Switch
4 - Wi-Fi
D201 8.5 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D202 13.5 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D203 18.5 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D204 23.5 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
SECOND FLOOR

D205 19.5 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D206 24.5 1 4
Router
Hotel Rooms
4 - Wi-Fi
D207 30 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D208 35 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D209 26.5 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D210 32 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D211 37 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D212 42 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
Lobby D20L 19 1 4
Router
Note: CAT6e Length for first floor is from IDF-1.
Communications 24 –
FLOOR

IDF-2 7 1 2
THIRD

Room Switch
4 - Wi-Fi
Hotel Rooms D301 8.5 1 4
Router
 4 - Wi-Fi
D302 13.5 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D303 18.5 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D304 23.5 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D305 19.5 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D306 24.5 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D307 30 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D308 35 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D309 26.5 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D310 32 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D311 37 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D312 42 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
Lobby D30L 19 1 4
Router
Note: CAT6e Length for first floor is from IDF-2.
Communications 24 –
IDF-3 10 1 2
Room Switch
4 - Wi-Fi
D401 8.5 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D402 13.5 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D403 18.5 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
SECOND FLOOR

D404 23.5 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D405 19.5 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
Hotel Rooms D406 24.5 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D407 30 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D408 35 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D409 26.5 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D410 32 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
D411 37 1 4
Router
 4 - Wi-Fi
D412 42 1 4
Router
4 - Wi-Fi
Lobby D40L 19 1 4
Router
Note: CAT6e Length for first floor is from IDF-3.

MATERIALS Quantity Price Total (Php)

1 CAT6e Cable 1208.5 m Php 7, 582.46/ 30, 329.84
304.8 m
2 UPS 4 Php 2, 650.00 10, 600.00
3 14 Port Router 1 Php 10, 075.00 10, 075.00
4 16 Port Switch 1 Php 7, 900.00 7, 900.00
5 24 Port Switch 3 Php 14, 000.00 42, 000.00
6 4 Port Wi-Fi 42 Php 1, 080.00 45, 360.00
Router
7 RJ 45 Face Plate 46 Php 123.00 5, 658.00
1-Port
9 RJ 45 Jack 184 Php 310.00/100 620.00
pcs
10 Data Cabinet 4 Php 7, 130.00 28, 520.00
11 Server 1 Php 50, 000.00 50, 000.00
12 Conduit: 15 mm 10 m Php 40.60/m 406.00
13 Conduit: 25 mm 10 m Php 75.60/m 756.00
14 Conduit: 32 mm 60 m Php 80.00/m 4, 800.00
15 Conduit: 40 mm 200 m Php 115.00/m 23, 000.00
SUBTOTAL Php 231, 062.84
Professional Fee Php 13, 001.24
(5%)
Labor Fee Php 130, 012.40
Total Php 403, 038.48
 REFERENCES

http://www.rappler.com/brandrap/profile-internet-users-ph

http://www.internetlivestats.com/internet-users/philippines/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network

http://www.esdglobal.com/services/technology/data-network-system

http://datanetworksystems.net/services/voice-data-networks/

http://www.voipdictionary.com/voip_dictionary_Data_Network_Definition.html

http://www.ingrammicroadvisor.com/unified-communications-and-collaboration/the-seven-types-
of-data-networks-youll-probably-come-across