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Definition of Snubbing
Snubbing is the process of running and pulling tubing, drillpipe, or casing with
surface pressure present on the wellhead.
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Reasons for Utilizing HWO
When CT or Wireline is incapable of performing the task
When reservoir damage is anticipated
When platform infrastructure is inadequate
Cost considerations
HPHT/Critical Deviation - Emergency Work
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Benefits of HWO Services
Operations are completed while under pressure, well does not need to be
killed.
Reduces Costs by eliminating need for kill fluids
Eliminates risk of damaging producing formation with kill fluids
Compact size, mobile, fast rig up/rig down
Reduces overall costs
Well remains in production
Versatile - Rotational ability allows drilling/milling
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Misconceptions for Using HWO Services
Ø Very expensive.
Can be a very cost effective tool.
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Safety Considerations For HWO
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Hydraulic Workover Unit
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Components of HWO Unit
Work Basket and control panel
Hydraulic Jack assembly
Traveling Slips
Rotary Table
Guide Tubes
Stationary Slips
Hydraulic power pack,
accessories, and hydraulic
hoses
Circulating swivel, kelly hose,
and pumps
BOP Stack
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Workbasket
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Control Panel
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Traveling and Stationary slips
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Hydraulic Jack Assembly
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Rotary Table
Hydraulically driven 22000ft/lb Rotary used for milling / Drilling and
fishing operations
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Power Tongs
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Hydraulic power pack,
accessories, and hydraulic hoses
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Circulating Swivel, Kelly Hose
and Pumps
A circulating swivel is
placed on top of the
tubing and allows fluid to
be pumped through the
tubing during milling or
washout operations
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Hydraulic Workover “Basic Jack”
TELESCOPING
GINPOLE W/ DUAL POWER TONG
COUNTERBALNCE SUPPORT ARM
WINCH
POWER TONGS
WORKBASKET
TRAVELING HEAD W/
BASKET RISER ROTARY AND TRAVELING
SLIPS
GUY WIRES GUY WIRES
TELESCOPING TUBING
JACK FRAME
GUIDE
STATIONARY
SNUB SLIPS
STATIONARY
HEAVY SLIP
WORK WINDOW
STRIPPER BOWL
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Stand Alone Units
Advantages
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HWO Stand Alone Unit Specs
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Snubbing Unit in Drilling Rig
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460k HWO System
Coiled Tubing
460k JACK Drilling
Drilling
Margin of Over pull 0-30,000 lbs 70-130,000 lbs
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Applications
Fishing or Milling Inside Tubing or Casing
Cleaning out formation plugs in production tubing, liner, or casing
Drilling out Cement and Bridge Plugs
Washing out Frac Materials
Pressure Control / Well killing
Circulating Out Heavy Mud or Fluids
Running and Pulling Retrievable Plugs for Selective Treatments
Acidizing and Washing
Removing Ice and Hydrates from Christmas Tree or Tubing
Running Macaroni Tubing to Pump Nitrogen in Wells where Depth and
Pressure are too Great for Coiled Tubing
Completing Under Pressure
Gravel Packing (Sand Consolidation)
Squeeze Cementing or Plugging Back
Plugging and Abandoning
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Solids Removal
Washing sand bridges
Washing proppent materials
Foam/Nitrogen washes
Washing with formation compatible fluids
Washing out plugged drill strings
De-scaling operations
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Drilling – Extended Reach
Drilling out from under surface (complete wellbore package)
Conventional sidetrack
Through tubing sidetrack
Re-entry
Underbalanced drilling
Drilling into underground blowout
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Plug and Abandonment
Pull/fish existing completions
Set/squeeze cement plugs
Set CIBP
Cut/pull casing
Mill out cement plugs under pressure
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Completion Operations, Live/Dead, Single or Dual
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Recompletions and Workover, Live or Dead Well
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MECHANICS OF
HYDRAULIC WORKOVER
Mechanics of Hydraulic HWO
Primary pressure control during hydraulic workover
operations is provided by a self-energizing stripper and
through an assembly of stripping rams. The stripping rams
consists of two sets of rams, one on top of the other. There
are opened one at a time to allow the collar of the
connections between joints of pipe to pass through the rams.
Below the stripping rams are the safety rams, which may
consist of a shear/blind blowout preventer and an annular
BOP. The tertiary barrier, a shear/seal BOP, sits below this
directly above the Xmas tree.
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Mechanics of Hydraulic Workover
A HWO rig-up is a very tall structure. It consists of a hydraulically powered
HWO unit, which provides the force on a pipe, above string of multi-layered
pressure control components.
At the top of the HWO unit is the basket, which serves as the control post for
the rig-up. Below the basket are the hydraulic jacks, which powers the pipe
into an out of the hole. It consists of two mechanisms for applying force to
the pipe in either direction. Each mechanism consists of traveling and
stationary slips. The traveling slips are used to move the pipe, while the
stationary slips are used to hold the pipe while the traveling slips are
repositioned between strokes.
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Mechanics of Hydraulic Workover
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Mechanics of Hydraulic Workover
Stationary and Traveling Slips are
both engaged at beginning of
snubbing stroke.
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Mechanics of Hydraulic Workover
Stationary Slips are disengaged
With Traveling Slips engaged, the
hydraulic cylinders are extended
retracted - lowering the tubing -
and completing the stroke.
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Mechanics of Hydraulic Workover
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Ram to Ram HWO Procedures
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Ram to Ram HWO Procedures
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Ram to Ram HWO Procedures
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Ram to Ram HWO Procedures
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Ram to Ram HWO Procedures
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ENGINEERING
Theory
Pressure – Area Calculations
To snub pipe into a pressured well,
a downward force greater than the
well pressure force must be applied
to the tubular. The well pressure
force is a function of the surface
pressure and the size of the pipe.
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Engineering Calculations For HWO Applications
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Calculations
P= Pressure (psi)
F= Force (lbf)
A= Area (in2)
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Example Snub Force Calculation
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Frictional Forces
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Total Snub Force
The weight of the pipe itself acts downwards and
therefore helps to lower the pipe into the well. When
first snubbing into the hole, the weight of the
snubbing string is usually negligible and may
generally be ignored. Therefore, the maximum
required snubbing force occurs as pipe is first started
in the hole.
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Tri-axial Stress
There is more than one stress that can be exerted on the tubing
Axial Stress (compression or tensile)
Radial Stress (burst and collapse)
Hoop Stress (shear)
Torque
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Von Mises Distortion Energy Theory
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Buoyancy
As more pipe is run into the hole, the buoyed weight of the snubbing
string increases. Eventually, the buoyed weight equals the well pressure
force. When this happens, the pipe will no longer be forced out of the
hole by the pressure-area force. This is generally known as balance point.
At balance point :
W = FWP
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Required Hydraulic Pressure
The snubbing and lifting forces required to run and pull
the workstring are produced by a multiple hydraulic
jack cylinders. When snubbing, the cylinders are
pressured on the piston rod side; when pulling pipe,
the cylinders are pressured on the opposite side.
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Pipe Buckling- Inelastic/Elastic
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Engineering Calculations For HWO Applications
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Downhole Tools for HWO
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Backpressure Valves
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Bottomhole Assembly (BHA)
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Workstring
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Workstring Connections
Torque supplied from rotary, power swivel, PDM must not exceed
minimum make-up torque.
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Stabbing Valves (TIW)
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Why Safety is such a concern?
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Designing a Job
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Safety / Escape Devices
PPE
H2S Equipment
Escape devices
Stair Towers
Ant fall devices
Slides
Low Speed Decenders
Fall arrest poles
Work Platforms
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Questions and Answers
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