JAMHURIYA UNIVERSITY

OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

(JUST)

Project
DESIGN OF 7-ELEMENT YAGI-UDA
ANTENNA

BASHIR ABDIRAHMAN HUSSEIN

Instructor: ENGR MOHAMED HASHI MOHAMED

Project Conducted on: 29/10/2017

Report Submitted on: 10/02/2018

Jamhuriya University of Science and Technology (JUST)

Department of ‘Electrical Engineering’
Mogadishu, Somalia
1 BACKGROUND THEORY (INTRODUCTION)

Antenna is a transducer that transmits or receives electromagnetic waves. In other words, the antenna is
the transitional structure between free-space and guiding device. Antennas generally deal in the
transmission and reception of radio waves, and are necessary part of all radio equipment.
They are used in systems such as radio and television broadcasting, point to point radio communications
wireless LAN, cell phones, radar and satellite communications

Yagi-Uda antenna is the most commonly used type of antenna for TV reception over the last few decades.
It is the most popular and easy-to-use type of antenna with better performance, which is famous for it is
high gain and directivity. It was first invented by Shintaro Uda a great role played by Hidetsugu Yagi.
The Yagi-Uda antenna consists of single driven element connected to the transmitter and or receiver with
a transmission line, and additional elements (parasitic elements) which are not connected to the
transmitter or receiver. These elements are a single reflector and number of directors.
The driven element of the Yagi is the feed point where the feed line is attached from the transmitter to the
Yagi antenna, the reflector is placed at the rear of dipole and it prevents antenna from sending backward.
The directors are the shortest of all elements they are used to provide the antenna with directional pattern.

CST is a software package which can simulate and solve all electromagnetic problems from lower
frequencies to Microwave it has seven different studios that can be used in many applications like
designing, analyzing, solving and so on and they are MW studio, EM studio, Design studio, Particle
studio, MPHYSICS studio, Cable studio and PCB studio.

Perfect electric conductor (PEC) is an idealized material exhibiting infinite electrical conductivity or
equivalently zero resistivity. While PEC materials don’t exist in nature the concept is that it’s useful
model for compared to the others.

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2 OBJECTIVES
The main objectives of this project are to design and simulate 7-element Yagi-Uda antenna that will
operate in the frequency of 500MHz and has a bandwidth about 3% of the frequency used. SWR less then
2 with respect to the 50 Ω line transmission. And a maximum gain which has greater than 12 dBi in the
whole band of operation.

After designing and simulation of the design I m going to show the following requirements

1. To give full geometrical and material description of the design.

2. To plot the principle plane radiation patterns at central frequencies.
3. Plot the polarization patterns at the central frequency.
4. Plot the input impedance (Imaginary and Real parts)
5. Plot the SWR vs Frequency in the desired band of operation.

3 MATERIALS USED
I have used CST STUDIO SUIT software to design, simulate and analyze the 7-element Yagi-Uda
antenna. Within the software I have also used different materials i.e. perfect electric conductor (PEC)
material which I used to my whole design of the project except the excitation port Gap which I used a
Vacuum material.

4 PROCEDURES
In the design of 7-element Yagi antenna for getting the required gain results you have to take the
following dimensions
Note: all the dimensions depend on the central frequency that is the wave length (λ).

𝑪 𝟑× 𝟏𝟎𝟖
λ = 𝒇 = 𝟎.𝟓× 𝟏𝟎𝟖 = 6 m

but our dimensions are all about in cm units than λ = 60 cm

The length of the dipole or the driven element should be 0.46λ = 27.6 cm.
The reflector length should be equal to 0.5λ = 30 cm.
The first director length should also be equal to 0.419 λ = 25.14 cm.
The second director length is equal to 0.377λ = 22.62 cm.
The third director length is equal to 0.344λ = 20.04 cm.
The fourth director length is equal to 0.29λ = 17.40 cm.
The fifth which is the last director length is equal to 0.245λ = 14.70 cm.
The length of the excitation gap is 1/20 × 0.46λ= 1.38 cm
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 The radius of all of the elements should be equal to 0.2 cm.

Also, we are going to design 3-element and 5-element Yagi-Uda antennas that we are going to compare
their results with our design results of the 7-element Yagi-Uda antenna.

5 OBSERVATIONS, DATA, FINDINGS and RESULTS

We have about 95% of the required result in the design of 7-element Yagi-Uda antenna and the
Results are taken as figure from the CST software.

3-element Yagi-Uda antenna

Polar

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3D-plot

S-parameters

4
Input Impedance

5
 Antenna results (5-Element Yagi-Uda)
Far field monitoring
Polar

3D-plot

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S-parameters

Impedance

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7-element Yagi-Uda antenna
Mesh convergence error

Radiation pattern at the central frequency

Polar

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Polarization
Circular

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 Linear

Input impedance

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 VSWR

Gain analyzes

Front-to-Back ratio

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6 PROBLEMS/QUESTIONS

There are many problems that I have met during this project.
The most frequently problem is the Trade of between parametric updates whenever I change a parameter
looking for better results some of the result will be as wanted and some others will not.
So, the question is: why these things happen?

7 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

As we saw, in the design results they were too good, I have about 10 dB gain, which is too good to have
such gain of an antenna, as I have added more elements to the antenna, the results of the gain increased.
For example; when the design consists of 3 elements ( Dipole, reflector and a director) I have about 8.5
dB gain, so I’ve added more elements and the gain increased.

I am here recommending to advance and develop this project into a better level and do it as a real not only
by simulation and I wish it should be so easy.

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