Biology sec 2

Question one:
A. Write the scientific term of the following:
1. The small extensions from the cells of the epidermis of the plant roots
2. The diffusion of water from a medium of a high water concentration to low water concentration
through a semi permeable membrane
3. The molecule which acts as the energy currency of the cell
4. A series of rhythmical muscular contractions and relaxations of the circular muscles of the
alimentary canals

B. Compare between:
1. Permeable and impermeable membranes (definitions only)
2. Pepsin and trypsin enzymes (sites where they are secreted)
3. Dark and light reactions (the limiting factors only)

Question two:
A. Correct the underlined words:
1. The process of transferring the absorbed food from the small intestine to the lymph or blood is
known as excretion
2. Peptidase is a co – enzyme that activates the trypsinogen enzymes
3. The dark reactions occurs in the presence of NADP and ADP
4. The process of fixing CO2 occurs inside the grana
5. The enzymes are considered to be fatty substances
6. The opening between the oesophagus and the stomach is controlled by circular muscles called
pyloric sphincter
7. The starch is a product of light reactions during photosynthesis

B. Give reasons for:

1. Water passes through the endodermal cells of the root by osmosis
2. The upper surface of the plant leaf is more green than the lower surface
3. The gastric juice does not affect the epithelial cells of the stomach

Question three:
A. What happens in each of the following cases:
1. Putting a piece of bread in the mouth and chewing it for three minutes
2. The pancreatic juice does not contain sodium bicarbonate
3. The absence of villi from small intestine

B. Match column A to column B:

A B
1. NADP a. Is adenosine diphosphate
2. ADP b. is the substance that coats the upper epidermis
3. ATP c. Energy currency in the cell
4. PGAL d. Carries hydrogen gas to dark reactions
5. CUTIN e. Is Phosphoglyceraldehyde

1
 6. Stroma f. Are disc shaped structures arranged above each other
7. Grana g. Is a colorless proteinic substance
Question four:
A. Choose the correct answer:
1. The first stable organic compound produced from photosynthesis is…………
a. ATP b. NADP c. glucose d. PGAL
2. The action of enzyme is affected by……
a. pH only b. temperature only c. type of food molecules d. temperature and pH
3. The gastric juice in human works on the….
a. Starch b. Proteins c. Fats d. Vitamins
4. Oxygen is produced as a secondary product of the photosynthesis process during the…
a. Light reactions b. Dark reactions c. Light and dark reactions
5. The absorption of light energy that is used in the photosynthesis process occurs by
the…
a. Grana b. Stroma c. Chlorophyll molecule d. Starch granules
6. All the following are products of the dark reactions except……
a. ADP b. Glucose c. Oxygen d. NADP

B. In the following figure:

1. What is the name of this structure?

2. How is this structure adapted to do its function? (at least three points)