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Antibiotics are used to improve the quality of life worldwide. However, incomplete metabolism
in humans has resulted in the release of large amounts of pharmaceutical drugs in the
environment. Antibiotic drugs have reduced the burden of common infectious diseases and have
become essential for many medical interventions [133, 65]. It is a class of naturally occurring and
synthetic chemical compounds with antimicrobial activity that are widely used – in human and
veterinary medicine. They are applied in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infection which
may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.
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