CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL REPORT

Nature of Bases Acid Salts Solution

Dessy Ayu Fenty Ratnasari XI IPA 3/09/15876

Farahdita Novia Lamusu XI IPA 3/18/15915
Satria Paramarta Nugraha XI IPA 3/31/16083

PEMERINTAH KOTA MALANG

DINAS PENDIDIKAN
SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS NEGERI 1 MALANG
Jalan Tugu Utara No. 1 Telp. (0341) 366454, Fax. (0341) 329487 Malang
Website : http://www.sman1-mlg.sch.id
Email : mitrekasatata@sman1-mlg.sch.id
APRIL 2014
INTRODUCTION
 Thank God we pray to the presence of Almighty God , bahwasannya over abundance
of grace and the gift we have been given the opportunity to be able to complete the task of
preparing the report chemistry lab on Salt Solution Properties of Acid Bases . This research
report is based on Chemistry lab that we have done so that the facts or truth in it we be liable .

The purpose of this report , is to comply with one of the subjects completed the task
Chemistry . In addition, to determine how the chemical reaction . This report is also intended
to be able to convey information and provide an understanding of knowledge to the whole
society .

However, the authors in this regard are well aware , that this report is very far from
perfect . Therefore , like no ivory that is not cracked , of course, there are still many
shortcomings in self- author , with all humility and all the ability that we have, the author
apologizes profusely to the readers . Teriring expectations , if now the readers give
constructive criticism and suggestions , for the sake of perfection in the future .

Malang, 2 April 2014

Editor

Nature of Bases Acid Salts Solution

1. Destination
a. Observing the nature of the acid / base some saline solution.
b. Determine the pH of the salt solution.

2. Basic Theory
Hydrolysis is a term commonly used for the reaction of a substance with water
(hydrolysis is derived from hydro meaning water and lysis meaning decomposition).
According to this concept, a component of salt (cations or anions) are derived from a
weak acid or weak base reacts with water (hydrolyzed) to form H3O + ions (= H +) or
OH-ions. Cation hydrolysis produces H3O + ions, whereas the anion hydrolysis produces
OH-ions.
As we know that the acid solution is reacted with an alkaline solution to form a salt
compound. If we dissolve the salt into the water, then there will be two possibilities
occur, namely:
 The ions derived from a weak acid (eg CH3COO-, CN-, and S2-) or ions derived
from weak bases (eg, NH4 +, Fe 2 +, and Al 3 +) will react with water. The
reaction of an ion with water is called hydrolysis. Course of hydrolysis due to the
tendency of these ions to form acids or bases origin.
example:
CH3COO– + H2O CH3COOH + OH–
+
NH4 + H2O NH4OH + H+
 The ions are derived from a strong acid (eg, Cl-, NO3-, and SO42-) or ions
derived from a strong base (eg, Na +, K +, and Ca2 +) does not react with water
or does not happen hydrolysis. This is because the ions do not have a tendency to
form acid or base of origin.
Na + + H2O → no reaction
SO42-+ H2O →  no reaction occurs
Hydrolysis can occur only in dissolving the salt compound formed from the ions
of a weak acid and weak base ions. So, neutral salt (from a strong acid and a
strong base) hydrolysis does not occur.
There are two types of hydrolysis, namely:
 Partial hydrolysis / most (if salt derived from a weak acid and a strong base or
vice versa and the partial hydrolysis of only one ion hydrolysis reactions are
experienced, others do not).
 Hydrolysis total (if the salt derived from a weak acid and weak base).
Hydrolysis concept

Mixing acid solution with an alkaline solution to produce a salt and water.
However, salt may be acidic, alkaline or neutral. According to this concept, a component
of salt (cations or anions) are derived from a weak acid or weak base reacts with water
(hydrolyzed) to form H3O + ions (= H +) or OH-ions. If hydrolysis produces H3O + ions
then the solution is acidic, but if hydrolysis produces OH-ions then the solution is
alkaline. Hydrolysis of salt is actually a Bronsted Lowry acid-base reaction, ie the
stronger the acid, the weaker the conjugate base. Components salt derived from a weak
acid or base is a base or a relatively strong conjugate acid can react with water, whereas
the salt component derived from a strong acid or base does not react with water (not
hydrolyzed)

1. Salts of Strong Acid with Strong Bases

Strong acids and strong bases react to form salt and water. Cation and anion salts
derived from strong electrolyte which is not hydrolyzed, so that the solution is
neutral, the pH is equal to 7.
example:
KCl solution is derived from a strong base KOH ionized cation and anion perfect
form. KOH ionized into H + and Cl -. Each ion does not react with water, the
reaction can be written as follows.
KCl (aq) → K + (aq) + Cl - (aq)
K + (aq) + H 2 O (l) → no reaction
Cl - (aq) + H 2 O (l) → no reaction

2. Salts of Strong Acid with Weak Bases

Salt formed from a strong acid with a weak base undergo partial hydrolysis
(partial) in water. This salt containing cations which undergo acid hydrolysis. The
salt solution is acidic, pH <7.
example:
Ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl) is a salt formed from a strong acid, HCl in the
weak base NH 3. HCl will perfectly ionized into H + and Cl - whereas NH 3 in
solution will partially ionized form NH 4 + and OH -. Anion Cl - is derived from
a strong acid can not be hydrolyzed, whereas NH 4 + cations derived from weak
bases can be hydrolyzed.
NH 4 Cl (aq) → NH 4 + (aq) + Cl - (aq)
Cl - (aq) + H 2 O (l) → no reaction
NH 4 + (aq) + H 2 O (l) → NH 3 (aq) + H 3 O + (aq)
 Hydrolysis reaction of ammonium (NH 4 +) is an equilibrium reaction. This
reaction produces oxonium ions (H 3 O +) that are acidic (pH <7). In general, the
reaction is written:
BH + B + H 2 O + H 3 O +

3. Salt of a Weak Acid with Strong Bases

Salt formed from a weak acid with a strong base undergo partial hydrolysis in
water. This salt contains anions undergo alkaline hydrolysis. The salt solution is
alkaline (pH> 7).
example:
Sodium acetate (CH 3 COONa) formed from a weak acid CH 3 COOH and
strong base NaOH. CH 3 COOH to form a partially ionized CH 3 COO - and Na
+. Anion CH 3 COO - derived from a weak acid that can be hydrolyzed, while
the Na + cation is derived from a strong base that can not be hydrolyzed.
CH 3 COONa (aq) → CH 3 COO - (aq) + Na + (aq)
Na + (aq) + H 2 O (l) → no reaction
CH 3 COO - (aq) + H 2 O (l) CH 3 COOH (aq) + OH - (aq)
Hydrolysis reaction of acetate (CH 3 COO) is an equilibrium reaction. This
reaction produces OH ions alkaline (pH> 7). In general, the reaction is written: A
- + H 2 O HA + OH –

4. Salt of a Weak Acid with Weak Bases

Weak acid with a weak base salts are hydrolyzed to form the total (perfect) in
water. Both cations and anions can be hydrolysed in water. This salt solution is
acidic, alkaline, or neutral. It relies on the comparison of the strength of cations
to anions in the reaction with water.
example:
HCN is a weak acid mixed with a weak base, NH 3 to form NH 4 CN salt. HCN
is partially ionized in water to form H + and CN - while NH 3 in a partially
ionized water to form NH4 + and OH-. Alkaline anion CN - and NH 4 + cations
acid can be hydrolyzed in water.
NH 4 CN (aq) → NH 4 + (aq) + CN - (aq)
NH 4 + (aq) + H 2 O NH 3 (aq) + H3O + (aq)
CN - (aq) + H 2 O (E) HCN (aq) + OH - (aq)
The nature of the solution depends on the relative strengths of acids and bases
constituent (Ka and Kb)
- If Ka <Kb (weaker acid than alkaline) the anion will hydrolyze and the solution
more alkaline.
- If Ka> Kb (stronger acid than the base) then it will be hydrolyzed cations in the
solution more acidic.
- If Ka = Kb (the same acid with a weak base) then the solution is neutral.
3. Equipment and Materials
Equipment and Materials Size / unit Total
plate drops - 1
Pipette - 1
red litmus - 8
blue litmus - 8
Universal litmus paper - 8
paper labels - 1
MgCl2 0,1 M 7 drops
Na2HPO4 0,1 M 7 drops
NaCl 0,1 M 7 drops
Al2(SO4)3 0,1 M 7 drops
NH4Cl 0,1 M 7 drops
(NH4)2SO4 0,1 M 7 drops
Na2CO3 0,1 M 7 drops
CH3COONa 0,1 M 7 drops

4. How it Works
1) Take a bit of saline solution using a Pasteur pipette.

2) Drops slightly (5-7 drops) drops of saline solution on the plate.

3) Dip the litmus red and blue in every drop of saline solution on the plate.

4) Observe the change of color of litmus paper.

5) Record the color changes produced on observational data.
6) If the color of the solution had changed the color of litmus paper becomes
contaminated, replace the solution with the new solution.
7) Dip the universal indicator to each existing saline drops on plate.
 8) Observe the color changes of universal indicator.
9) Adjust the color of the universal indicator color of each pH to determine the pH of
the salt solution.
10) Record the pH of the resulting observation data.
11) Cleaning of equipment that has been used.
5. Observations

Color change indicator pH The nature

Solution of the
red litmus blue litmus universal solution
litmus
MgCl2 Red Blue sulfur 7 Netral

Na2HPO4 Blue Blue Blue 11 Alkali

NaCl Red Purple sulfur 7 Netral

Al2(SO4)3 Red Red Orange 5 Acid

NH4Cl Red Red Yellow 6 Acid

(NH4)2SO4 Red Red Yellow 6 Acid

Na2CO3 Blue Blue Blue 11 Alkali

CH3COONa Blue Blue Green 10 Alkali

6. Data analysis
If the acid solution and then mixed with the base solution will produce a salt and water.
Salt may be acidic, alkaline, or neutral. The nature of the salt depends on the type of acid
and alkaline components.
Acid-base properties of a salt can be determined from the strength of acids and bases
constituent. Salt is alkaline or acidic due partly soluble salt reacts with water.

a) MgCl2 salt solution consisting of Mg 2 + cation and anion Cl-. Mg 2 + is derived

from a strong base Mg (OH) 2 and Cl-derived from a strong acid HCl.
MgCl2 (aq) → Mg 2 + (aq) + 2Cl-(aq)
Mg 2 + (aq) + H2O (l) → (no reaction)
Cl-(aq) + H2O (l) → (no reaction)
According to the concept of hydrolysis of the salt, the salt formed from a strong
acid and a strong base is not hydrolyzed and neutral salt solution or pH = 7. So,
MgCl2 is neutral and has a pH of 7.
b) Na2HPO4 salt solution consisting of Na + cation and anion-HPO42. Na + comes
from the strong base NaOH and HPO42-derived from a weak acid.
Na2HPO4 (aq) → 2 Na + (aq) + HPO42-(aq)
Na + (aq) + H 2 O (l) → (no reaction)
HPO42-(aq) + H 2 O (l) → H2PO4 (aq) + OH-(aq)
According to the concept of hydrolysis of the salt, the salt formed from a weak
acid with a strong base undergo partial hydrolysis in water. Hydrolysis produces
OH-, then the solution is alkaline (pH> 7).

c) NaCl solution is neutral. Sodium Chloride (NaCl) consists of cations Na + and

Cl-anions. Both Na + ions and Cl-ions derived from strong electrolyte so that the
two do not react with water.
NaCl (aq) → Na + (aq) + Cl - (aq)
Na + (aq) + H 2 O (l) → (no reaction)
Cl - (aq) + H 2 O (l) → (no reaction)
NaCl did not change the ratio of the concentration of H + and OH-in water, in
other words, neutral NaCl solution.

d) Salt solution Al2 (SO4) 3 is composed of Al 3 + cations and anions SO42-. Al 3

+ is derived from a weak base Al (OH) 3 and SO42-derived from a strong acid
H2SO4.
Al2 (SO4) 3 (aq) → 2Al3 + (aq) + 3SO42-(aq)
Al3 + (aq) + H 2 O (l) → H + (aq) + Al (OH) 3 (aq)
SO42-(aq) + H 2 O (l) → (no reaction)
According to the concept of hydrolysis of the salt, the salt formed from a weak
base with a strong acid undergo partial hydrolysis in water. Hydrolysis produces
H +, then the solution is acidic (pH <7).

e) NH4Cl salt solution is acidic. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is a salt formed

from a strong acid (HCl) and a weak base (NH4OH). Ammonium chloride
(NH4Cl) consists of cations and anions NH4 + Cl-. NH4 + ion is the conjugate
acid of the weak base NH3 is hydrolysed while the Cl-ion is the conjugate base
of a strong acid HCl, is not hydrolyzed.
NH 4 Cl (aq) → NH 4 + (aq) + Cl - (aq)
Cl - (aq) + H 2 O (l) → (no reaction)
NH 4 + (aq) + H 2 O (l) → NH 4 OH (aq) + H + (aq)
The partial hydrolysis produces H + ions, so the solution is acidic.
 f) Solution of salt (NH4) 2SO4 consists of a cation NH4 + and SO42-anions. NH4
+ derived from a weak base NH3 and SO42-derived from a strong acid H2SO4.
(NH4) 2SO4 (aq) → 2 NH 4 + (aq) + SO42-(aq)
NH 4 + (aq) + H 2 O (l) → NH 4 OH (aq) + H + (aq)
SO42-(aq) + H 2 O (l) → (no reaction)
The partial hydrolysis produces H 3 O + ions, so the solution is acidic.

g) Na2CO3 salt solution consisting of Na + cations and the anions CO32-. Na +

ions can not be hydrolyzed because it comes from a strong base NaOH while
CO32-is the conjugate base of the weak acid H2CO3 that is hydrolysed.
Na2CO3 (aq) → CO32-(aq) + 2Na + (aq)
Na + (aq) + H 2 O (l) → (no reaction)
CO32-(aq) + H 2 O (l) → H2CO3 (aq) + OH - (aq)
According to the concept of hydrolysis of the salt, the salt formed from a weak
acid with a strong base undergo partial hydrolysis in water. Hydrolysis produces
OH-, then the solution is alkaline (pH> 7).

h) CH3COONa solution consisting of Na + cation and anion CH3COO-. Na + ions

derived from a strong base (NaOH), so it is not hydrolyzed. Ion CH3COO-is the
conjugate base of the weak acid CH3COOH, so it is hydrolysed.
CH 3COONa (aq) → CH 3COO - (aq) + Na + (aq)
Na + (aq) + H 2 O (l) → (no reaction)
CH 3 COO - (aq) + H 2 O (l) → CH 3 COOH (aq) + OH - (aq)
CH3COONa partially hydrolyzed (partial) and OH-ions, then the solution is
alkaline with a pH> 7.

7. Question
1) Write the ionization reaction and hydrolysis!
2) Divide in acidic, alkaline, neutral on the table!

8. Answer
1) Ionization and hydrolysis reactions:
 MgCl2 → neutral properties, pH = 7
Ion reaction: MgCl2 (aq) → Mg 2 + (aq) + 2Cl-(aq)
Hydrolysis reaction: Mg 2 + (aq) + H2O (l) → (no reaction)
Cl-(aq) + H2O (l) → (no reaction)
 Na2HPO4 → alkalinity, pH> 7
Ion reactions: Na2HPO4 (aq) → 2 Na + (aq) + HPO42-(aq)
Hydrolysis reaction: Na + (aq) + H 2 O (l) → (no reaction)
HPO42-(aq) + H 2 O (l) → H2PO4 (aq) + OH-(aq)
 NaCl → neutral properties, pH = 7
Ion reaction: NaCl (aq) → Na + (aq) + Cl - (aq)
 Hydrolysis reaction: Na + (aq) + H 2 O (l) → (no reaction)
Cl - (aq) + H 2 O (l) → (no reaction)
 Al2 (SO4) 3 → acidic properties, pH <7
Ion reaction: Al2 (SO4) 3 (aq) → 2Al3 + (aq) + 3SO42-(aq)
Hydrolysis reaction: Al3 + (aq) + H 2 O (l) → H + (aq) + Al (OH) 3 (aq)
SO42-(aq) + H 2 O (l) → (no reaction)
 NH 4Cl → acidic properties, pH <7
Ion reaction: NH 4 Cl (aq) → NH 4 + (aq) + Cl - (aq)
Hydrolysis reaction: Cl - (aq) + H 2 O (l) → (no reaction)
NH 4 + (aq) + H 2 O (l) → NH 4 OH (aq) + H + (aq)

 (NH4) 2SO4 → acidic properties, pH <7

Ion reaction: (NH4) 2SO4 (aq) → 2 NH 4 + (aq) + SO42-(aq)
Hydrolysis reaction: NH 4 + (aq) + H 2 O (l) → NH 4 OH (aq) + H + (aq)
SO42-(aq) + H 2 O (l) → (no reaction)
 Na2CO3 → alkalinity, pH> 7
Ion reaction: Na2CO3 (aq) → CO32-(aq) + 2Na + (aq)
Hydrolysis reaction: Na + (aq) + H 2 O (l) → (no reaction)
CO32-(aq) + H 2 O (l) → H2CO3 (aq) + OH - (aq)
 CH 3COONa → alkalinity, pH> 7
Ion reactions: CH 3COONa (aq) → CH 3COO - (aq) + Na + (aq)
Hydrolysis reaction: Na + (aq) + H 2 O (l) → (no reaction)
CH 3 COO - (aq) + H 2 O (l) → CH 3 COOH (aq) + OH -
(aq)
2) A solution is acidic = Al2 (SO4) 3, NH 4Cl, (NH4) 2SO4
Alkaline solution = Na2HPO4, Na2CO3, CH 3COONa
The solution is neutral = MgCl2, NaCl

9. Conclusion
 salts of a strong acid solution and a strong base in water does not undergo 
hdidrolisis, and is netrat. pH = 7 
 salt of a strong base solution and a weak acid water daam experiencing partial 
hydrolysis, and alkaline. pH> 7 
 lmah salts of alkaline solutions and strong sasam daam water undergoes hydrolysis 
of cations, and acidic. pH <7 
 In the current trial solution spilled red litmus paper will change color to blue. As for 
the blue litmus when spilled solution will not change color. Indicates the solution is 
alkaline and pH> 7 
 At the time of trial drops of a solution of blue litmus paper will change color to red. 
As for when spilled red litmus solution will not change color. Shows the acidic 
solution and a pH <7 
 In the current experiment litmus paper red and blue drops of solution, the second 
paper does not change color (fixed). Indicates the solution is neutral and pH = 7

APPENDIX
Plate drops Pipette red litmus

blue litmus universal litmus Paper labels

 \
MgCl2 Na2HPO4 NaCl

Al2(SO4)3 NH4Cl (NH4)2SO4

Na2CO3 CH3COONa

REFERENCES

 http://regalinzasr.blog.com/2011/05/31/larutan/ (27 Maret 2014; pukul 20.16

WIB)
 Purba, Michael dan Sunardi. 2012. Kimia Untuk SMA/MA Kelas XI. Jakarta:
Erlangga.
 Utami, Budi Dkk. 2009. Kimia 2 : Untuk SMA/MA Kelas XI, Program Ilmu
Alam. Jakarta : Pusat Perbukuan, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.
 https://www.google.com/hidrolisis garam/All In Journal Student PRAKTIK
HIDROLISIS GARAM.htm (31 Maret 2014, pukul 14.56 WIB)
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