Raise your hand if you think NBDP is more ignored

equipment of GMDSS system.

If I was with a group of deck officers right now, I am

sure I would see many hands raised. NBDP is surely an

ignored equipment.

But it is ignored because NBDP is a dead horse, hardly

used and gathering dust at one corner of the bridge.

Even only few coast stations these days have the NBDP

facility.

All agreed but if we have this equipment on board, we

must know about it. That remains the logic for all the

equipments on board.

So in this post, I will go through all that one may have

to know about NBDP.

Let’s start.

What is NBDP ?
 In simple terms, NBDP (Narrow Band Direct Printing) is

a telex. A way to communicate with text rather than by

voice.

It is said that NBDP was introduced in the GMDSS to

help seafarers whose first language was not English.

They did not have to speak to broadcast their distress

message, instead they could type and send.

If we go by the literal meaning of the NBDP, then we

can understand that

 It uses narrow band width for transmitting the message

and

 When a message is received, it prints the message on

the screen and on the printer connected with NBDP

So what can NBDP do..

 NBDP can send and receive text messages with to and

from a single station

 NBDP can transmit text message stored in the

equipment (SD card or floppy)

 NBDP can broadcast a message to all the stations that

have their NBDP tuned in to the frequency on which

message is transmitted

You can easily draw an analogy between NBDP and

whatsapp or viber.

Is NBDP really required on board ?

NBDP is required for sea area A2 as per SOLAS chapter

IV, regulation 9.3.1

But if you had noticed, on some ships you will find that

there is no NBDP.

This is because as per SOLAS chapter IV, regulation 9.3,

the requirement of having NBDP can be fulfilled by

providing an additional Inmarsat ship earth station.

So on the ships with no NBDP, you may find additional

Sat-C terminal.

What is ARQ and FEC mode ?

If you wish to know about NBDP, you must know about

ARQ and FEC.

These are two modes of transmission for NBDP.

ARQ Mode

ARQ mode is used for one to one communication. For

example when our ship wish to communicate with a

specific ship or coast station.

 With ARQ,

 you send an information (text) when you are

transmitting station

 You press Over key (F9) and you become receiving

station. You now can read the message what other

station is sending

 When other station presses “Over”, you again become

the transmitting station and this process goes on.

FEC Mode

FEC (Forward error correction) mode is for one

station to one or many stations type of communication.

This mode is used for broadcasting the message. For

example if a ship need to broadcast a distress telex

message, FEC mode should be used.

 Unlike ARQ mode, FEC is only one way. That is,

with FEC we can transmit our message and then end the

communication.

With FEC mode

 You send the information you wish to send

 Once the information is sent, you disconnect the

connection

 You cannot switch between transmission and receiving

mode

So if you want to communicate with other station, you

need to choose ARQ mode. But if you just want to

transmit your message, you can choose FEC mode.

So when transmitting a distress message to all station

through NBDP, you must use FEC mode

Options on NBDP screen and what these
mean ?

A NBDP screen typically looks like this.

The options you see on top of the screen are accessed

by function keys. I see sometimes the keyboard

functions keys marked with these options for ease of

use. Even if it is not there, we can always mark it like

this.
Lets see what each of these functions are for

WRU, HR and OVER keys

The literal meaning of the first two terms is

WRU (Function Key F7): who are you ?

HR (Function Key F8): Here is…

This is the way identity is exchanged between the

stations interacting with each other.

When you are connected with a station and before you

start transmitting any telex message, you need to press

these two keys.

This will send your identity and ask for the identity of

another station.

Logically this is similar to how we start any

communication. For example, during R/T communication

we pronounce the ships name and call sign.

The Over (Function key F9) is used to switch the

direction of traffic. The information sending station

becomes the information receiving station and vice

versa. As two way communication is only possible in

ARQ mode, Over key is used when communicating in

ARQ mode.

One station finishes his message, presses “over” and

then waits for receiving the message of other station.

The function of this key is similar to saying “over” over

walkie talkie after we finish our message.

GA+?

This is the code that you will see when communicating

through NBDP. The meaning of this code is “Go ahead”.

When you see this code on you screen, this means that

now you are the transmission station and you are ready

to send your message. Again this code will appear in

ARQ mode.

Methods of sending message

 On NBDP, we can either

 Send a message file stored in floppy or SD card of the

NBDP or

 Manually type the message on the keyboard.

In ARQ mode, when you are the transmitting station,

you can just start to type the message and it will be

received by other station as you type.

Or you can choose the file to send and it will be

transmitted to the receiving station.

To choose the file on Furuno NBDP, after exchanging the

answer back (WRU, HR)

 Press the function key F3 then 3 key to open the [File to

Send] window
 Choose the file to send from the list by pressing

up/down arrow

 Press enter to send the file

How to send / Receive a routine message

on NBDP ?

Now that we know something about NBDP, let us

discuss how we can send a routine message to another

ship on NBDP.
I will show this on Furuno GMDSS station.

First thing is to know the MMSI number of the other

ship and agree on the working frequency.

To communicate with another ship, both your station

and station of other ship need to be on same frequency

and NBDP station should be active.

To make the connection with other ship station (on

Furuno equipment).

Press the function key F3 to open operate menu and set

the working frequency by choosing option 9.

After operating frequency is set, press function key F3

(Operate) and choose “manual calling” option

 Select the ARQ mode (remember for one to one

communication we have to use ARQ mode) and then

input the ship’s MMSI number in the ID.

Press enter. After you hit “Enter” one of these two

message will appear. It will either show

 Channel busy check, if the frequency is busy. or

 Connect Send Lock, if the frequency is open for

communication

Now if “Connect send Lock” is highlighted on screen,

you are all done to communicate with the other ship.

When you are connected with the other station, it will

show the station’s ID and frequency you are

communicating on.

Exchange answer back by pressing F7 (WRU) and then

F8 (HR) keys and start communicating.

 As I said earlier, when you are done with sending your

message, press F9 (over) key to switch the transmission

to other ship.

When you see GA+? on your screen, it mean that the

other station has switched the transmission to you and

you can again start to transmit your message.

To end the conversation

 Exchange the answer back by pressing F7(WRU) and F8

(HR) keys

 After exchange of answer back, press F10 (End) key to

disconnect the line.

How to transmit a distress message on

NBDP ?

Usual way of GMDSS distress communication is

 Send the DSC alert to all ships and coast station on an

appropriate distress DSC frequency

 Switch to corresponding Radio Telephony (RT)

frequency and broadcast your distress message starting

with Mayday Mayday Mayday

Now when we have transmitted the DSC alert, how a

ship receiving it know where they can listen to your

distress call ?

This information is right there in the DSC alert message.

In the DSC alert message that a ship sends, it need to

mention

First is the Mode of communication it will broadcast its

message. That is if the message will be broadcasted on

RT or NBDP. J3E is the code for RT communication and

F1B is for NBDP.

Second, the frequency on which the receivers need to

switch on. The frequency will be the corresponding

frequency on which DSC alert is received.

So now if you want to communicate the distress

message on NBDP, first step will be to let that know to

 ships and coast stations who would receive your DSC

alert by choosing the Telecommand as “F1B”

After you have sent the DSC alert, switch to NBDP

corresponding frequency.

To transmit your Mayday message,

 You can either type and save the Mayday message in

floppy drive or SD card of NBDP, or

 You can type directly while transmitting your message

Either way, you have to follow these steps.

Press Function key F3 and select manual call.

Choose the FEC option. Remember for broadcasting to

all the parties we cannot use ARQ mode which is for one

to one communication.

Leave the station ID as blank. This is to be entered only

if we are sending the message to a particular station.

Press enter. If the frequency is clear, you will see

Connect Send as highlighted.

Now you are ready to either send your message by

input to the keyboard or by choosing a pre-typed file.

To Send the stored message, press function key F3 and

then select “File to send” option.

Press enter and your file will be transmitted.

How to receive a distress communication

on NBDP ?

When you receive a distress DSC alert. Check if the

telecommand is J3E or F1B. If it is F1B, you need to be

on NBDP to receive the distress message.

To receive the distress message on NBDP, switch to

NBDP frequency corresponding to the frequency on

which DSC alert was received.

Press the function key F3 and choose “Manual

Reception”.

Select FEC mode and press enter key. When a call is

detected, Lock will get highlighted.

When the line is connected, [Connect] is highlighted.

When the receiving the message is complete, the NBDP

connection will automatically cancel.

The received message will be stored in the Floppy (or

SD card) of the NBDP.

NBDP Test procedures

Now that we know how to operate NBDP, testing of

NBDP should not be an issue.

Actually NBDP does not require much of the testing.

There is a self test in the equipment that should be

done as per the maker guidelines.

Apart from that, it is a good practice to communicate

with another ship at least monthly and keep the

records.
Conclusion

NBDP is hardly put in use onboard ships. Many ship

owners are now preferring to have another set of Sat-C

on board rather than having NBDP fitted on board.

In spite of all that, if we have NBDP on board, we must

know about how to operate it. After all if it is on board,

it is very much a part of GMDSS station.