Indonesia 235

Key indicators 4.2 Investment ..........................................................................................................33.2

TH
96
Population (millions).....................................................................................260.6 E
4.2.1 Ease of protecting minority investors* ..............................................56.7 67
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................................................941.0 GL
4.2.2 Market capitalization, % GDP ..................................................................41.0
GDP per capita, PPP$.............................................................................11,125.9 38 OB
Income group Lower-middleincome AL
4.2.3 Venture capital deals/bn PPP$ GDP .......................................................0.080
Region South East Asia, East Asia, andOceania INN
4.3 Trade, competition, & market scale .....................................................79.7 8 • OV
Score 0–100 4.3.1 Applied tariff rate, weighted mean, % ..............................................2.3 58 ATI
or value (hard data)Rank 4.3.2 Intensity of local competition† ..............................................................71.2 ON
Global Innovation Index (out of 127)................... 30.1 87 50 IND
Innovation Output Sub-Index...............................................................24.5 73 4.3.3 Domestic market scale, bn PPP$ ...................................................3,027.8 8 EX
Innovation Input Sub-Index..................................................................35.7 99 • 201
7 I:
Innovation Effi ciency Ratio...................................................................0.7 42
5 Business sophistication...............................26.2 96 Co
Global Innovation Index 2016 (out of 128) .........................................29.1 88 untr
5.1 Knowledge workers .........................................................................................9.7 123
y/E
Institutions 41.2. 120 5.1.1 Knowledge-intensive employment, %.................................................9.8 96 con
1.1Political environment .......................................................................... .........42.9 89 5.1.2 Firms offering formal training, % firms .................................................7.7 90 om
1.1.1Political stability & safety* ..........................................................................49.4 94 5.1.3 GERD performed by business, % of GDP ........................................0.0 76 y
1.1.2Government eff ectiveness* .............................................................. ........36.4 83 5.1.4 GERD financed by business, % ................................................................n/an/a Pro
5.1.5 Females employed w/advanced degrees, % total........................4.8 77 file
1.2Regulatory environment ............................................................................16.7 126 s
1.2.1Regulatory quality* ..... ........................................................................... ........36.7 82 5.2 Innovation linkages .......................................................................................34.744
1.2.2Rule of law* .........................................................................................................27.4 86 5.2.1 University/industry research collaboration † ..................................57.0 27
•
1.2.3 Cost of redundancy dismissal, salary weeks ..................................57.8 125
5.2.2 State of cluster development† ...............................................................57.6
1.3Business environment..................................................................................64.0 79 28 •
1.3.1Ease of starting a business* .............................................................. ........76.4 112 5.2.3 GERD financed by abroad, %....................................................................n/an/a
1.3.2Ease of resolving insolvency* ..................................................................46.5 70 5.2.4 JV–strategic alliance deals/bn PPP$ GDP ...........................................0.0 97
1.3.3Ease of paying taxes* .......................................................................... .........69.3 5.2.5 Patent families 2+ offices/bn PPP$ GDP .............................................0.0 117
77
5.3 Knowledge absorption ...............................................................................34.1 58
2 Human capital & research 23.0. . .92 5.3.1 Intellectual property payments, % total trade ................................0.9 36
2.1Education ..................................................................................................... ........33.5 103 5.3.2 High-tech imports less re-imports, % total trade ..........................8.5 58
2.1.1Expenditure on education, % GDP ........................................................ .3.3 94 5.3.3 ICT services imports, % total trade .........................................................1.0 66
2.1.2 Gov’t expenditure/pupil, secondary, % GDP/cap ........................ .9.9 97 5.3.4 FDI net inflows, % GDP...................................................................................2.6 70
2.1.3School life expectancy, years ...................................................................12.9 75 5.3.5 Research talent, % in business enterprise ...................................35.5 39
2.1.4 PISA scales in reading, maths, & science .................................. .....395.5 63
2.1.5 Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary............................................................15.5 66 6 Knowledge & technology outputs.................20.9 70
6.1 Knowledge creation .........................................................................................2.9 113
2.2Tertiary education ........ .......................................................................... .........27.5 87 6.1.1 Patents by origin/bn PPP$ GDP ................................................................0.4 81
2.2.1 Tertiary enrolment, % gross..................................................................31.1 77 6.1.2 PCT patent applications/bn PPP$ GDP ................................................0.0 103
2.2.2 Graduates in science & engineering, % ................................ ........21.7 47 6.1.3 Utility models by origin/bn PPP$ GDP .................................................0.1 53
2.2.3 Tertiary inbound mobility, %....... .......................................................... .0.1 104 6.1.4 Scientific & technical articles/bn PPP$ GDP .....................................0.7 124
2.3Research & development (R&D) ... ........................................................... .8.1 63 6.1.5 Citable documents H index .....................................................................11.8 55
2.3.1 Researchers, FTE/mn pop......................................................................89.5 87 6.2 Knowledge impact ...................................................................................... ..39.833
2.3.2Gross expenditure on R&D, % GDP ....... ............................................. .0.1 105 •
2.3.3 Global R&D companies, avg. expend. top 3, mn $US...................0.0 43 6.2.1 Growth rate of PPP$ GDP/worker, % . ................................................ ....4.69 •
2.3.4 QS u niversity ranking, average score top 3*..................................29.8 38 • 6.2.2 New businesses/th pop. 15–64....... ................................................ .....0.3 91
6.2.3 Computer software spending, % GDP ............................................. ....0.3 36
3 Infrastructure 42.0. . .81 •
3.1 Information & communication technologies (ICTs)..................35.6 99 6.2.4 ISO 9001 quality certificates/bn PPP$ GDP ................................... ....3.0 80
3.1.1ICT access* .................................................................................................. ........47.1 6.2.5 High- & medium-high-tech manufactures, % ........................ .....0.3 43
88 6.3 Knowledge diff usion ........ .......................................................................... ..19.9
3.1.2ICT use* .... ..................................................................................................... ........21.9 81
96 6.3.1 Intellectual property receipts, % total trade ................................. ....0.0 76
3.1.3Government’s online service*......... ................................................ ........36.2 102 6.3.2 High-tech exports less re-exports, % total trade .. ..................... ....3.5 43
3.1.4E-participation* ................................................................................................37.3101 6.3.3 ICT services exports, % total trade ...... ................................................ ....0.6
3.2General infrastructure .......................................................................... ........46.7 35 • 95
3.2.1Electricity output, kWh/cap ............................................................. ......898.2 96 6.3.4 FDI net outflows, % GDP ........................................................................... ....1.2
48
3.2.2Logistics perform an ce* ......... .............................................................. ........42.6
62
3.2.3Gross capital formation, % GDP ..... ................................................ ........34.7 8 • 7 Creative outputs.........................................28.1 77
7.1 Intangible
3.3Ecological sustainability ........ ............................................................. .........43.669 assets .... ........................................................................................ ..37.5 88
3.3.1 GDP/unit of energy use.............................................................. ........11.136 • 7.1.1 Trademarks by origin/bn PPP$ GDP . ................................................ ..13.2 95
3.3.2Environmental performance* .................................................................65.9 91 7.1.2 Industrial designs by origin/bn PPP$ GDP . ................................... ....0.9 64
3.3.3 ISO 14001 environmental certificates/bn PPP$ GDP....................0.8 72 7.1.3 ICTs & business model creation† ........ ................................................ ..62.9
52
4 Market sophistication 46.0. . .64 7.1.4 ICTs & organizational model creation† ......... .................................. ..59.8 38
4.1Credit ......................................................................................................................25.0 •
99
7.2 Creative goods & services ....................................................................... ..22.3 52
4.1.1Ease of getting credit* ......................................................................... ........60.055
7.2.1 Cultural & creative services exports, % of total trade...... ........ ..n/a n/a
4.1.2 Domestic credit to private sector, % GDP .......................................39.1 83
7.2.2 National feature films/mn pop. 15–69........................................ .....0.5 93
4.1.3Microfinance gross loans, % GDP . .......................................................... .0.0 68
7.2.3 Global ent. & media market/th pop. 15–69 .................................. ....1.8 52
7.2.4 Printing & publishing manufactures, %...................................... .....0.5 88
7.2.5 Creative goods exports, % total trade .............................................. ....3.9 13
• 7.3.1 Generic top-level domains (TLDs)/th pop. 15–69 .................... ....1.6 87
7.3.2 Country-code TLDs/th pop. 15–69 ..... ................................................ ....2.0 66
7.3 Online creativity ..... ........................................................................................ ..15.2
79 7.3.3 Wikipedia edits/mn pop. 15–69 ........................................................... ....3.6 94
7.3.4 Video uploads on YouTube/pop. 15–69 ....... ................................... .22.8 56

NOTES: • indicates a strength; a weakn ess; * an index; † a survey question.

indicates that the country’s data are older than the base year; see Appendix II for details, including the year of the data, at http://globalinnovationindex.org . Square brackets
indicate that the data minimum coverage (DMC) requirements were not met at the sub-pillar or pillar level; see page 181 of this appendix for details.