Organizational Culture

Relationship among Organizational Theory and

Organizational Structure, Culture, Design & Change

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What is Culture?
 “The collective programming of the mind
which distinguishes the members of one
group or category of people from
another.”
- Geert Hofstede

Organizational Culture:
 The pattern of basic assumptions, values, norms,
and artifacts shared by organization members

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Components of Culture
 Values
 Broad tendencies to prefer certain states of affairs over
others
 Rituals
 Customary behavior, collective activities
 Heroes
 Represent models of behavior
 Symbols
 Non-verbal communication;
 artefacts
 Practices
 Observed and Analyzed

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Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions
 Individualism / Collectivism
 Power Distance Index
 Uncertainty Avoidance Index
 Masculinity / Femininity
 Long-term Orientation / Short-term
Orientation

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 The Competing Values Framework

Flexibility, Discretion & Dynamism

External Focus & Differentiation

Collaborate Create

Internal Focus & Integration

Clan Adhocracy

Control Compete

Hierarchy Market

Stability, Order & Control

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The Competing Values Framework
Clan Adhocracy Hierarchy Market
Focus on Long-term Breakthrough Incremental Short-term
development performance

Orientation Collaborate Create Control Compete

Value Commitment, Innovative Efficiency, Market share,

Drivers Communication, outputs, Timeliness, Goal
Development Transformation, Consistency & achievement,
Agility Uniformity Profitability

Bottomline Do things Do things first Do things right Do things fast

together

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