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Cloud Computing

Introduction
1 What is Cloud Computing
'If you only need milk , would you buy a cow ?' 

Cloud computing is a technology that uses the internet and central remote servers to
maintain data and applications. Cloud computing allows consumers and businesses to use
applications without installation and access their personal files at any computer with internet
access. This technology allows for much more efficient computing by centralizing storage,
memory, processing and bandwidth.

A simple example of cloud computing is Yahoo email or Gmail etc. You dont need a
software or a server to use them. All a consumer would need is just an internet connection
and you can start sending emails. The server and email management software is all on the
cloud ( internet) and is totally managed by the cloud service provider Yahoo , Google etc.
The consumer gets to use the software alone and enjoy the benefits. The analogy is , 'If
you only need milk , would you buy a cow ?' All the users or consumers need is to get
the benefits of using the software or hardware of the computer like sending emails etc. Just
to get this benefit (milk) why should a consumer buy a (cow) software /hardware?

Cloud computing comes into focus only when you think about what IT always needs: a way
to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructure,
training new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud computing encompasses any
subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends IT's
existing capabilities.

Furthermore, while avoiding maintenance costs, licensing costs and the costs of the
hardware required running servers on-site, companies are able to run applications much
more efficiently from a computing standpoint. 

On Demand software services come in a few different varieties which vary in their pricing
scheme and how the software is delivered to the end users. In the past, the end-user would
generally purchase servers and is accessed by the end user over the internet. While this is
the most common platform for On Demand software services, there are also some slightly
different offerings which can be described as a hybrid of these two platforms. For instance,
a program through which the end user pays a license fee, but then accesses the software
over the internet from centralized servers is considered a hybrid service.

2 Cloud Computing Architectural Layer


When talking about a cloud computing system, it's helpful to divide it into two sections:
the front endand the back end. They connect to each other through a network, usually
the Internet. The front end is the side the computer user, or client, sees. The back end is
the "cloud" section of the system. The front end includes the client's computer (or computer
network) and the application required to access the cloud computing system. Not all cloud
computing systems have the same user interface. Services like Web-based e-
mail programs leverage existing Web browsers like Internet Explorer or Firefox. Other
systems have unique applications that provide network access to clients. On the back end
of the system are the various computers, servers and data storage systems that create the
"cloud" of computing services. In theory, a cloud computing system could include practically
any computer program you can imagine, from data processing to video games. Usually,
each application will have its own dedicated server.
as
2.1 Client:
It is the system where access the cloud example: Browsers, Computers

2.2 Application [Service as Software: SaaS]:


Software as a service features a complete application offered as a service on demand. A single
instance of the software runs on the cloud and services multiple end users or client
organization.

The software that is deployed over the internet and/or is deployed to run behind a firewall on a
local area network. With SaaS, a provider licenses an application to customers as a service on
demand, through a subscription or a "pay-as-you-go" model.

The most widely known example of salesforce.com through many other examples have come to
market, including the google apps offering of basic business services including email and word
processing.

Below picture depicts you how Service Oriented is evolved into SaaS and PaaS

2.3 PlatForm: Platform as a Service


It encapsulates a layer of software and provides it as service that can be used to higher
level of service.

PaaS provides all the infrastructure needed to run applications over the Internet. It is
delivered in the same way as a utility like electricity or water. Users simply “tap in” and
take what they need without worrying about the complexity behind the scenes. And like a
utility, PaaS is based on a metering or subscription model so users only pay for what they
use.
With PaaS, ISVs and corporate IT departments can focus on innovation instead of
complex infrastructure. By leveraging the PaaS, organizations can redirect a significant
portion of their budgets from “keeping the lights on” to creating applications that provide
real business value.
This model is driving a new era of mass innovation. For the first time, developers around
the world can access unlimited computing power. Now, anyone with an Internet
connection can build powerful applications and easily deploy them to users wherever
they’re located.
Paas offering can provide for every phase of software development and testing, or they
can specialized around a particular area such as content management
Google apps /Microsoft Azure engine which serves applications on google’s intrastructure.

PaaS offerings may include facilities for application design, application development,
testing, deployment and hosting as well as application services such as team
collaboration, web service integration and marshalling, database integration, security,
scalability, storage, persistence, state management, application versioning, application
instrumentation and developer community facilitation. These services may be provisioned
s an integrated solution over the web.
2.4 Infrastructure: Infrastructure as a Platform
Infrastructure as a service delivers basic storage and compute capabilities as
standardized services over the network. Servers, storage systems, switches, routers, and
other systems are pooled and made available to handle workloads that range.

Cloud infrastructure services or "Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)"


delivers computer infrastructure, typically a platform virtualization environment as a
service. Rather than purchasing servers, software, data center space or network
equipment, clients instead buy those resources as a fully outsourced service. The service
is typically billed on a utility computing basis and amount of resources consumed (and
therefore the cost) will typically reflect the level of activity. It is an evolution of virtual
private server offerings.
Commercial examples of IaaS include Joyent, whose main product is a line of virtualized
servers that provide a highly available on-demand infrastructure.

2.5 SAAS  PAAS  IAAS


This picture depicts how IAAS, SAAS, PAAS is related.
3 Types of Clouds

Depends upon the environment the it operates Cloud can be divided into 2 categories

Most of the enterprise still dangling on the situation which environment it should apply

 Public Cloud
 Private Cloud
 Hybrid Cloud
3.1 Public Cloud
Public Cloud is the where cloud service provided though the internet. Private Cloud

3.2 Private Cloud


Private Cloud is where cloud service is operated within the local area. It is not allowed
within the enterprise.

3.3 Hybrid Cloud


Best of two cloud is used as the Hybrid cloud

4 Disadvantage

 Monthly fees
 Business data is stored off site.
 What happens to your data if your provider goes out of business?
 If the Internet is down locally then Cloud applications may be unavailable. 
 Encryption of data transmission and storage needs to be considered.
 Training of programmers with cloud standards.
 Intellectual Property stored off site

5 Cloud Platforms

 Microsoft.NET - A programming framework for Microsoft Windows computers. The group


of programming classes can be used by multiple programming languages. 
 Ruby on Rails - Web application platform with a database back end. Open Source
programming using Ruby which can work on Linux, Windows and Mac. Programs can
run from Apache or Microsoft IIS web servers.  Twitter is written in Ruby on Rails. 
 Google App Engine - Uses programming languages Python and Java. Access to your on
line database, applications, files. A 150 Mb file storage limit and 10 GB bandwidth / day
limits apply for the free service. Run your applications on Google hardware.
 Google Gears - Browser plug in to allow database access and synchronization of
information.  Google Docs and Zoho is written using this platform.

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