Computer and Internet Related Methodologies

ASSIGNMENT-1

Q.1. Explain find and replace in excel.

Ans:- To replace certain characters, text or numbers in an Excel sheet, make use of the
Replace tab of the Excel Find & Replace dialog. The detailed steps follow below. Select the
range of cells where you want to replace text or numbers. To replace k character(s) across the
entire worksheet, click any cell on the active sheet

The Find and Replace features are time-saving techniques that allow you to rapidly change the
content of your worksheets. Excel's Find and Replace function will search your documents for
specific text, which can then be highlighted, replaced with different text or formatting, or left as-
is. This function provides many advanced options to help make your search as specific as
necessary to find what you are looking for

Using the Find Feature

The Find feature can be helpful if you are trying to locate information not currently visible on
the screen. You can search for information used in formulas, values, and comments.

Finding Information
1. From the Ribbon, select the Home command tab
2. In the Editing group, click FIND & SELECT» select Find...
The Find and Replace dialog box appears, with the Find tab selected.

3. In the Find what text box, type the text or data to be found
4. OPTIONAL: Adjust the searching options
5. Click FIND NEXT
The information is found and selected.
NOTES:

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 Clicking FIND NEXT again finds subsequent occurrences of the information in the
document.
If Excel cannot find the information you are looking for, a message to that effect
will be displayed.
6. OPTIONAL: To see the each location that this text or data is located,
click FIND ALL A pane opens below the Find and
Replace dialog box with a list of each location.
7. To close the dialog box, click CLOSE

Searching Options
If you would like to narrow your search to find more specific results, you can limit your results
by using the available search options.

1. From the Find and Replace dialog box, click OPTIONS >>
Additional options appear in the Find and Replace dialog box.

Using the Replace Feature

The Replace feature is useful when you want to change the same piece of information throughout
your worksheet.

WARNING: Use the Replace All option with caution. If you do not first select specific cells to
change, this option will replace the specified information throughout the entire document. This
can change the meaning of your document if text is replaced where it should not be.

1. OPTIONAL: If you want to find and/or replace information in a specific section of your
document, select the desired portion of the document
HINTS:
To select contiguous cells, click the desired cells
To select non-contiguous cells, hold down [Ctrl] + click the desired cell(s)
2. In the Editing group, click FIND & SELECT» select Replace...
OR

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 Press [Ctrl] + [H]
The Find and Replace dialog box appears.
3.

4. In the Find what text box, type the text or data to be found
5. In the Replace with text box, type the text or data to replace the information found
6. OPTIONAL: Adjust the searching options
7. Click FIND NEXT
The first occurrence is highlighted.
8. To replace only that occurrence, click REPLACE
To replace all occurrences, click REPLACE ALL
The old information is replaced with the new.
WARNING: Use the Replace All option with caution. If you do not first select specific
cells to change, this option will replace the specified information throughout
the entire document. This can change the meaning of your document if text is replaced
where it should not be.
9. To find and replace additional instances of your text or data, repeat steps 6–7
10. To close the dialog box, click CLOSE

Q.2 What is the difference between formula and function?

Ans:- A formula is statement written by the user to be calculated. Formulas can be as simple or
as complex as the user wants. A formula can contain values, references to cells, defined names,
and functions. All formulas must start with the equals sign. =1+2+3

A function is a piece of code designed to calculate specific values and are used inside formulas.
Functions to sum values, calculate a trigonometric cosine, and to calculate the current time are
built into excel. Additional functions can be defined using Visual Basic.

Functions are typed alongside parenthesizes, where in the arguments if any are listed in between.
To use functions in a formula, for example:- =COS(3.14) will return the calculated cosine.
=NOW() returns the current time. =SUM(1+2+3) *2 will multiply the sum by 2.

Q. 3 Explain the auto sum feature with examples.

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Ans:- AutoSum is a function in Microsoft Excel and other spreadsheet programs that
automatically enters the appropriate formula or function into your spreadsheet. For example, if
you want to add the values of cells A1 though A5, highlight cells A1 through A5 and click the
AutoSum button, as shown in the picture to the right. Clicking this button after highlighting the
cells creates the formula =SUM (A1:A5) in cell A6 (first cell after last highlighted cell) and
gives you the total of all those cells.

The AutoSum feature makes entering formulas easy without the need to memorize the syntax for
each formula.Formulas are what helped make spreadsheets so popular. By creating formulas, you
can have quick calculations even if the information changes in the cells relating to the formula.
For example, you could have a total cell that adds all values in a column.

The basics

 All spreadsheet formulas begin with and equal sign (=) symbol.
 After the equal symbol either a cell or formula function is entered. The function tells the
spreadsheet the type of formula.
 If a math function is being performed the math formula is surrounded in parentheses.
 Using the colon (:) allows you to get a range of cells for a formula. For example, A1:A10
is cells A1 through A10.

Entering a spreadsheet formula

Below is an animated visual example of how an excel formula can be inserted into a spreadsheet.
In our first formula entered into the cell "D1," we manually enter a =sum formula to add 1+2 (in
cells A1 and B2) to get the total of "3." With the next example, we use the mouse to highlight
cells A2 to D2 and then instead of typing the formula use the formula button in Excel to
automatically create the formula. Next, we show how you can manually enter a formula and then
with the help of a mouse get the cell values (you can also highlight multiple cells to create a
range). Finally, we manually enter a times ( * ) formula using sum function to find the value of 5
* 100.

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Q.4. What are the various types of charts available in excel?

Ans.- In Microsoft Excel, you can represent numbers in a chart. On the Insert tab, you can
choose from a variety of chart types, including column, line, pie, bar, area, and scatter. The
basic procedure for creating a chart is the same no matter what type of chart you choose. Excel
Chart Types: Pie Chart, Column Chart, Line Chart, Bar Chart, Area Chart, Scatter Chart, Other
Chart Types

The Pie Chart

A Pie Chart can only display one series of data. Excel uses the series identifier as the chart title
(e.g. Flowers) and displays the values for that series as proportional slices of a pie. If we had
selected multiple series of data, Excel would ignore all but the first series.

There are sub-types of the Pie Chart available. The second chart above is the Pie in 3-D and the
third chart is an Exploded Pie Chart; an Exploded Pie in 3-D is also available.

Several other sub-types include the Pie of Pie and Bar of Pie - in which a second pie is created
from certain values in the first pie in order to emphasize them. To customize the values that the

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second pie contains, right-click on the segment in the first pie, select "Format Data Point," and
specify how to split the series.

The Column Chart

The Column Chart very effectively shows the comparison of one or more series of data points.
But the Clustered Column Chart is especially useful in comparing multiple data series.

In a Column Chart, the vertical axis (Y-axis) always displays numeric values, and the horizontal
axis (X-axis) displays time or other category. The horizontal axis (X-axis) in our charts displays
our time segments, and the series type (Flowers, Shrubs, and Trees) is plotted per time segment.
Excel has designed the chart in this manner because the number of time segments (4) is greater
than the number of series (3). Whichever has the highest quantity will be placed on the
horizontal axis (X-axis).

In newer versions of Excel, cylinders, pyramids, and cones can be used instead of bars for most
of the Column charts. The second chart above shows a 3-D Pramid Chart.

The Line Chart

The Line Chart is especially effective in displaying trends. In a Line Chart, the vertical axis (Y-
axis) always displays numeric values and the horizontal axis (X-axis) displays time or other
category. The Line Chart is equally effective in displaying trends for multiple series as shown in
our chart at right. As you will notice, each line is a different color. This image shows a Line
Chart without markers.

Though not as colorful as the other charts, it is easy to see how effective the Line Chart in
showing a trend for a single series, and comparing trends for multiple series of data values.

The Bar Chart

The Bar Chart is like a Column Chart lying on its side. The horizontal axis of a Bar Chart
contains the numeric values. The first chart below is the Bar Chart for our single series, Flowers.

When to use a Bar Chart versus a Column Chart depends on the type of data and user preference.
Sometimes it is worth the time to create both charts and compare the results. However, Bar
Charts do tend to display and compare a large number of series better than the other chart types.
All of the Bar Charts are available in 2-D and 3-D formats, but only the bars are 3-D. There is no
3-D Bar chart containing three axes.

The Area Chart

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 Area Charts are like Line Charts except that the area below the plot line is solid. And like Line
Charts, Area Charts are used primarily to show trends over time or other category. The chart at
left is an Area Chart for our single series. There are three charts available: the Area Chart, the
Stacked Area Chart, and the 100% Stacked Area Chart. Each of these charts come in 2-D format
and in true 3-D format with X, Y, and Z axes.

The Scatter Chart

The purpose of a Scatter Chart is to observe how the values of two series compares over time or
other category. To illustrate the Scatter Chart, we will use the worksheet values shown below:
The Scatter Chart comes in several different formats: markers can indicate the data points; and
the points can be unconnected, or connected with smooth or straight lines.

Other Chart Types

Excel offers other chart types, depending on the version, but the average user will not use these
types of charts. Some of the other available chart types are: Stock, Surface, Doughnut, Bubble,
and Radar.

Customizing Excel Charts

Creating a standard chart in Excel takes a minute, but customizing a chart can take a long time
unless you follow a logical order. When Microsoft revised its Office products for the 2007
versions, it greatly enhanced the charting function. In some ways there are too many options.

Q. 5. What is spreadsheet and its applications in excel?

Ans. A spreadsheet is an interactive computer application for organization, analysis and storage
of data in tabular form. Spreadsheets are developed as computerized simulations of paper
accounting worksheets. The program operates on data entered in cells of a table.

A spreadsheet is a sheet of paper that shows accounting or other data in rows and columns;
a spreadsheet is also a computer application program that simulates a physical spreadsheet by
capturing, displaying, and manipulating data arranged in rows and columns.

In a spreadsheet, spaces that hold items of data are called cells. Each cell is labeled according to
its placement (for example, A1, A2, A3...) and may have an absolute or relative reference to the
cells around it. A spreadsheet is generally designed to hold numerical data and short text strings.
Spreadsheets usually provide the ability to portray data relationships graphically. Spreadsheets
generally do not offer the ability to structure and label data items as fully as a database and
usually do not offer the ability to query the database. In general, a spreadsheet is a much simpler
program than a database program.

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Q.6 Explain the concept of absolute &relative addressing.

Ans. Excel uses two types of cell references to create formulas. Each has its own purpose. Read
on to determine which type of cell reference to use for your formula.

Relative Cell References

This is the most widely used type of cell reference in formulas. Relative cell references are basic
cell references that adjust and change when copied or when using AutoFill.

Example: =SUM(B5:B8), as shown below, changes to =SUM(C5:C8) when copied across to the
next cell.

Absolute Cell References

Situations arise in which the cell reference must remain the same when copied or when using
AutoFill. Dollar signs are used to hold a column and/or row reference constant.

Example:

In the example below, when calculating commissions for sales staff, you would not want cell
B10 to change when copying the formula down. You want both the column and the row to
remain the same to refer to that exact cell. By using $B$10 in the formula, neither changes when
copied.

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 Q. 7 How to connect excel to access database?

Ans.- Microsoft Access is a database management system that serves as an electronic filing
system. With Microsoft Access, the user is easily able to modify any data within the database,
produce reports from the database and submit queries about all information stored into it.

1. Start Excel, and then open the worksheet that contains the data that you want to copy.
2. Select the rows that you want to copy.
3. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click Copy . ...
4. Start Access, and then open the table, query, or form in which you want to paste the rows.
If you want to work with data in Access, but still maintain the data in Excel, you need to link to
the data rather than import it. This process is a bit shorter:

1. Create a blank database or open an existing file in Access.

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 2. Select File, Get External Data, Link Tables.

3. Select Microsoft Excel as the file type.

4. Select a worksheet or named range to import (see Figure 4), and then click Next. You can
import only one worksheet or named range at a time, and each one will become an Access
table.

Figure 4

5. In the next dialog box, select or deselect the check box First Row
Contains Column Headings, depending on whether your worksheet has
headings. Then click Next.

6. Enter a name for the table (or accept the default name that Access suggests), click Finish,
and click OK.

Now you have an Access table that looks almost exactly like the imported table. The advantage
is that it maintains a live link to the Excel worksheet and can be edited in either application.

Q.8 What various data types are in excel

Ans.- In Excel 2010, the worksheet consists of a grid of columns and rows that form cells. You
enter three types of data in cells: labels, values, and formulas. Labels (text) are descriptive pieces
of information, such as names, months, or other identifying statistics, and they usually include
alphabetic characters.

Data type in Microsoft Excel

Data type Length Description

BYTE 1 byte Number from 0 to 255 for storing binary data
INTEGER 2 Integer from -32 768 to 32 767.
LONG 4 Integer from -2 147 483 648 to 2 147 483 647
SINGLE 4 Numeric data type with float precision to 6 decimal digits

In Excel 2010, the worksheet consists of a grid of columns and rows that form cells. You enter
three types of data in cells: labels, values, and formulas.

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  Labels (text) are descriptive pieces of information, such as names, months, or other
identifying statistics, and they usually include alphabetic characters.

 Values (numbers) are generally raw numbers or dates.

 Formulas are instructions for Excel to perform calculations.

Q. 9 Explain the steps to get help from office assistantace.

Ans.- The Office Assistant was an intelligent user interface for Microsoft Office that assisted
users by way of an interactive animated character, which interfaced with the Office help content.
It was included in Microsoft Office for Windows (versions 97 to 2003), in Microsoft
Publisher (versions 98 to 2003), and Microsoft Office for Mac (versions 98 to 2004).
HELP: WHAT’S AVAILABLE?
Microsoft Office supplies a Help system that makes it easy for you to look up information on
application commands and features as you work in a particular Office application. Because every
person is different, the Office Help system can be accessed in several ways. You can
• Ask a question in the Ask a Question box.
• Ask the Office Assistant for help.
• Get help on a particular element you see onscreen with the
What’s This? tool.
• Use the Contents, Answer Wizard, and Index tabs in the Help window to get help.
• Access the Office on the Web feature to view Web pages containing help information
(if you are connected to the Internet).
USING THE ASK A QUESTION BOX
 The Ask a Question box is a new way to access the Office Help system that Microsoft
Office XP provides. It is also the easiest way toquickly get help. An Ask a Question box
resides at the top right ofevery Office application.
 For example, if you are working in Excel and would like to get somehelp with Excel
functions, type functions into the Ask a Questionbox. Then press the Enter key.
shortcut menu appears below the
 The Ask a Question box provides a list of Help topics that you can quicklyaccess.
 To access one of the Help topics supplied on the shortcut menu, clickthat particular topic.
The Help window opens with topical matches forthat keyword or phrase displayed.
 In the case of the “functions” question used in this figure (which was really just keyword;
you can type more complete questionsinto the box, such as How do I format
numbers?), the Help windowopens and displays a list of the Excel functions by category
 The Ask a Question box provides a quick way to access the Help window.
 In the Help window, you can use the links provided to navigate theHelp system. You can
also use the Contents, Answer Wizard, andIndex tabs to find additional information or
look for new informationin the Help window. You learn more about these different Help
windowtabs later in this lesson.

USING THE OFFICE ASSISTANT

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  Another way to get help in an Office Application is to use the Office
 Assistant. The Office Assistant supplies the same type of access to theHelp system as the
Ask a Question box. You ask the Office Assistant aquestion, and it supplies you with a
list of possible answers that providelinks to various Help topics. The next two sections
discuss howto use the Office Assistant.

TURNING THE OFFICE ASSISTANT ON AND OFF

 By default, the Office Assistant is off. To show the Office Assistant inyour application
window, select the Help menu and then select Showthe Office Assistant.
 You can also quickly hide the Office Assistant if you no longer want it
 in your application window. Right-click the Office Assistant and select
 Hide. If you want to get rid of the Office Assistant completely so it
 isn’t activated when you select the Help feature, right-click the Office
 Assistant and select Options. Clear the Use the Office Assistant
 check box, and then click OK. You can always get the Office Assistant
 back by selecting Help, Show Office Assistant.
 ASKING THE OFFICE ASSISTANT A QUESTION
 When you click the Office Assistant, a balloon appears above it. Typea question into the
text box. For example, you might type How do Iprint? for help printing your work.
Click the Search button.
 The Office Assistant provides some topics that reference Help topicsin the Help system.
Click the option that best describes what you’retrying to do. The Help window appears,
containing more detailedinformation. Use the Help window to get the exact information
thatyou need.
 Although not everyone likes the Office Assistant because having itenabled means that it
is always sitting in your application window, itcan be useful at times. For example, when
you access particular featuresin an application, the Office Assistant can automatically
provideyou with context-sensitive help on that particular feature. If you arebrand new to
Microsoft Office, you might want to use the OfficeAssistant to help you learn the various
features that the Office applicationsprovide.

Q. 10. How multiple worksheets can be connected in excel?

Ans.- Copying and pasting data from one workbook to another is a quick and easy way to gather
related data in one place, but there is a substantial limitation: If the data from the original cell
changes, the change is not reflected in the cell to which the data was copied. In other words,
copying and pasting a cell’s contents doesn’t create a relationship between the original cell and
the target cell.

You can ensure that the data in the target cell reflects any changes in the original cell by creating
a link between the two cells. Instead of entering a value into the target cell by typing or pasting,
you create a formula that identifies the source from which Excel derives the target cell’s value,
and that updates the value when it changes in the source cell.

You can link to a cell in another workbook by starting to create your formula, displaying the
worksheet that contains the value you want to use, and then selecting the cell or cell range you
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 want to include in the calculation. When you press Enter and switch back to the workbook with
the target cell, the value in the formula bar shows that Excel has filled in the formula with a
reference to the cell you clicked.

To create a link to a cell or cell range on another worksheet

1. Start creating a formula that will include a value from a cell or cell range on another worksheet.
2. Click the sheet tab of the worksheet with the cell or cell range you want to include in the
formula.
3. Select the cell or cells to include in the formula.
4. Press Enter.

To create a link to a cell or cell range in another workbook

1. Open the workbook where you want to create the formula that references an external cell or cell
range.
2. Open the workbook that contains the cell or cell range you want to include in your formula.
3. Switch back to the original workbook and start creating a formula that will include a value from
a cell or cell range in the other workbook.
4. Display the workbook that contains the cell or cell range you want to include in the formula.
5. Click the sheet tab of the worksheet with the cell or cell range you want to include in the
formula.
6. Select the cell or cells to include in the formula.
7. Press Enter.

To create a link to cells in an Excel table

1. Start creating a formula that will include a value from cells in an Excel table.
2. Click the sheet tab of the worksheet with the Excel table that contains the cells you want to
include in the formula.
3. Select the cell or cells to include in the formula.
4. Press Enter.

To open the source of a linked value

1. Open a workbook that contains a link to an external cell or cell range.

2. On the Data tab of the ribbon, in the Connections group, click the Edit Links button.

Manage workbook links by using the Edit Links dialog box

3. In the Edit Links dialog box, click the link you want to work with.
4. Click the Open Source button.

To fix a link that returns an error because it references the wrong workbook

1. Click the Edit Links button.

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2. In the Edit Links dialog box, click the link that returns an error.
3. Click Change Source.
4. Click the workbook that contains the correct source value.
5. If the Select Sheet dialog box appears, click the worksheet that contains the correct source value,
and click OK.
6. Click Close.

To break a link

1. In a workbook that contains a link to a cell on another worksheet or in another workbook, click
the Edit Links button.
2. In the Edit Links dialog box, click the link you want to edit.
3. Click the Break Link button. When prompted, click Break Links to confirm that you want to
break the link.
4. Click Close.

Q. 11 Explain the steps to run a macro in excel.

Ans. Run the macro

1. Open the workbook that contains the macro.
2. On the Developer tab, in the Code group, click Macros.
3. In the Macro name box, click the macro that you want to run.
4. Do one of the following: To run a macro in an Excel workbook, click Run. Tip You can also
press CTRL+F8 to run the macro.

Run a macro

1. If the Developer tab is not available, do the following to display it:

a. Click the Microsoft Office Button , and then click Excel Options.
b. In the Popular category, under Top options for working with Excel, select the Show Developer
tab in the Ribbon check box, and then click OK.
2. To set the security level temporarily to enable all macros, do the following:
a. On the Developer tab, in the Code group, click Macro Security.

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b. In the Macro Settings category, under Macro Settings, click Enable all macros (not
recommended, potentially dangerous code can run), and then click OK.
3. Open the workbook that contains the macro.
4. On the Developer tab, in the Code group, click Macros.
5. In the Macro name box, click the macro that you want to run.
6. Do one of the following:
a. To run a macro in an Excel workbook, click Run.

You can also press CTRL+F8 to run the macro. You can interrupt the execution of the macro by
pressing ESC.

b. To run a macro from a Microsoft Visual Basic module, click Edit, and then on the Run menu,
click Run Sub/UserForm , or press F5.

Q. 12 How to change view of outlining a worksheet, outlining a worksheet, customize

workspace using template to create default workbooks, protecting workbook?

Ans.

If the amount of data in worksheet becomes overwhelming, creating an outline can help. Not
only does this allow us to organize the data into groups and then show or hide them from
view, but it also allows us to summarize data for quick analysis using the Subtotal command
(for example, subtotaling the cost of office supplies depending on the type of product)

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Outlining data

Video: Outlining Data in Excel 2010

Outlines give the ability to group data one may want to show or hide from view, as well as
to create a quick summary using the Subtotal command. Because outlines rely on grouping
data that is related, one must sort before one can outline.

To outline data using Subtotal:

1. Sort according to the data you want to outline. Outlines rely on grouping data that
is related. In this example, we will outline the worksheet by T-Shirt Size, which
has been sorted from smallest to largest.

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2. Select the Data tab, then locate the Outline group.
3. Click the Subtotal command to open the Subtotal dialog box.

4. In the At each change in field, select the column you want to use to outline your
worksheet. In this example, we'll choose T-Shirt Size.
5. In the Use function field, choose from the list of functions that are available for
subtotaling. Use the COUNT function to tally the number of each size.

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6. Select the column you want the subtotal to appear in. We'll choose the T-Shirt
Size column.
7. Click OK.

8. The contents of your worksheet will be outlined. Each T-shirt size will be placed
in its own group, and the subtotal (count, in this case) will be listed below each
group.

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Showing and hiding data

To show or hide a group:

1. Click the minus sign—also known as the Hide Detail symbol—to collapse the
group.

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2. Click the plus sign—also known as the Show Detail symbol—to expand the group
again.

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 You can also use the or commands on the Data tab in the
Outline group. Select a cell in the group you want to show or hide, then click the
appropriate command.

To view groups by level:

The groups in your outline, based on their hierarchy, are placed on different levels. You
can quickly display as little or as much information as you want by clicking the level
symbols to the left of your worksheet. In this example, we will view levels in
descending order, starting with the entire worksheet on display, then finishing with the
grand total. While this example contains only three levels, Excel can accommodate up to
eight.

1. Click the highest level (level 3 in this example) to view and expand all of your
groups. Viewing groups at the highest level will display the entirety of your
worksheet.

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2. Click the next level (level 2 in this example) to hide the detail of the previous
level. In this example, level 2 contains each subtotal.

3. Click the lowest level (level 1 in this example) to display the lowest level of detail.
In this example, level 1 contains only the grand total.

Creating your own groups

The Group command allows you to group any range of cells—either columns or rows. It
does not calculate a subtotal or rely on your data being sorted. This gives you the ability to
show or hide any part of your worksheet and display only the information you need.

To create and control your own group:

In this example, we will prepare a list of T-shirt colors and sizes that need to be
distributed to each homeroom. Some of the data in the worksheet is not relevant to the
distribution of T-shirts; however, instead of deleting it, we'll group it, then temporarily
hide it from view.

1. Select the range of cells you want to group. In this example, we will group the
First Name, Last Name, and Payment columns.

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2. From the Data tab, click the Group command.

3. Excel will group the selected columns or rows.

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 4. Click the minus sign—also known as the Hide Detail symbol—to hide the group.
5. The group will be hidden from view.

Click the plus sign—also known as the Show Detail symbol—to show the group
again.

Q. 13 How to edit copy move cells paste format a worksheet in excel?

Ans:- To move or copy cell data using the toolbar:

1. Select the cells that you want to cut or copy.

2. Click on the cut or the copy button.
3. Select the new location.
4. Click on the paste button.
Prevent copied blank cells from replacing data
1. Select the range of cells that contains blank cells. ...
2. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click Copy . ...
3. Select the upper-left cell of the paste area.
4. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow below Paste , and then click Paste
Special.
Excel
1. Select the shape, text, picture, or worksheet cell with the formatting you want to copy.
2. Click Home, and in the Clipboard group, click Format Painter.
3. After the pointer changes to a paintbrush, click and drag to select the shape, text, or worksheet
cell that you want to format, and then release the mouse button.

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 To include multiple consecutive rows, click on the top row's number, hold down the [Shift]
key and then click on the bottom row's number to highlight all of the rows in between. To
include multiple non-consecutive rows, hold down the [Ctrl] key and then click on each row
number you'd like to copy.

In Microsoft Excel, you can enter the same data or text into multiple cells at once using the
below simple steps.
1. Highlight all the cells that you want to have the same text.
2. Type the text you want.
3. After typing the text, instead of pressing Enter, press Ctrl+Enter.

Q. 14. What do you understand by character and paragraph format in excel?

Ans:- A paragraph in Word is any text that ends with a hard return. You insert a hard return
anytime you press the Enter key. Paragraph formatting lets you control the appearance if
individual paragraphs. For example, you can change the alignment oftext from left to center or
the spacing between lines form single to double.

Character formatting controls the appearance of the individual letters in your publication. ... We
refer to all formatting that can be applied to a selected range of text as “character” formatting,
and refer to formatting that InDesign applies at the paragraph level as “paragraph” formatting.

Q. 15. Give the description of view menu.

Ans:- View Menu

 Normal - Displays the worksheet in normal view from Page break review(has no effect if
the worksheet is already in normal view)
 Page Break Review - Displays the worksheet in Page break review from normal view
(has no effect if the worksheet is already in page break review)
 Task Pane - Shows or hides the task pane. If it is shown, a tick mark would be displayed
to the left. - CTRL+F1
 Toolbars - Shows the toolbars available in excel. If a toolbar is shown, a tick mark would
be displayed to the left
 Formula Bar - Shows or hides the formula bar. If it is shown, a tick mark would be
displayed to the left.

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  Status Bar - Shows or hides the status bar. If it is shown, a tick mark would be displayed
to the left.
 Header and Footer - Displays the header and footer to be printed (Triggers the Page Setup
dialog box)
 Comments - Displays all the comments in the worksheet and also triggers the reviewing
toolbar
 Custom Views - Displays the custom views dialog
o Show - Shows all the custome views available
o Close - Closes the dialog box
o Add - Adds the present view to the custom views coolection
 Name - Name for the custom view
 Print Settings - If this box is checked, then print settings would be
included in the custom view.
 Hidden rows,columns and filter settings - If this box is checked, then
hidden rows, columns and filter settings would be included in the custom
view
o Delete - Deletes the selected custom views
 Full Screen - Removes all the toolbars except the worksheet menu bar so as to give you
more space with work with
 Zoom - Zooms the worksheet to the specified size(anything between 10 to 400)
o Fit Selection - Zooms the selected area to a particular size so as to cover the entire
screen
o Custom - Zooms the worksheet to the value of your choice

Among the above, Task pane, Formula Bar, Status Bar,Comments, Full Screen are toggle
buttons.

Q.16. Differentiate between save and save as in Microsoft word.

Ans:- Choosing "Save" simply saves your work by updating the last saved version of the file to
match the current version you see on your screen.

Choosing "Save As..." brings up a prompt to save your work as a file with a different name. For
example, you might choose to save a document called "Paper - rev. 3" as "Paper - rev. 4". This
way, you can save you file at different stages and keep multiple versions on your hard drive.

Choosing "Save" and then "Save As..." is also a good way to make a backup of your file. Just be
sure to rename the file something new when you choose "Save As..." or you will overwrite the
current saved version, just like choosing the "Save" command would do.

Q.17. Give steps to use thesaurus.

Ans. Open your Word document if it isn't open. To do so, you can double-click the file itself, or you can
open Microsoft Word and then select the file name from the list of recent documents.

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  Find a word for which you wish to use the thesaurus. Using the thesaurus feature in Microsoft
Word will present you with a list of alternatives for your selected word.
 Select the word. To do so, click and drag your mouse across the section of text, then release the
mouse when you're done. A blue background will appear behind the text in question.
 Two-finger click (Mac) or right-click (Windows) the selected word. Doing so will invoke a drop-
down menu.
 Select Synonyms. This option is near the middle of the drop-down menu. You should see a
window pop out to the left or right of the drop-down menu.
 Click Thesaurus. It's near the bottom of the pop-out window.
 You can also click a word in the pop-out menu, since the words listed here are synonyms for
your selected word.
 Find a word in the "Thesaurus" tab. This section is on the right side of the Word window; any
words listed in this pane are considered synonyms of the selected word.
 Click ▼ to the right of a word. Doing so will prompt a drop-down menu.
 You'll first have to select the word with your mouse cursor for this icon to appear.
 You can also click the word in question to view its synonyms.
 Click Insert. It's at the top of the drop-down menu. This will replace your selected word with its
synonym.

Q.18. What is the use of internet to meet the research requirement?

Ans.- The World Wide Web is an extraordinary resource for gaining access to information of all
kinds, including historical, and each day a greater number of sources become available online.
The advantages that the internet offers students are tremendous; so much so that some may be
tempted to bypass the library entirely and conduct all of their research on the web. The History
Department wants CU students to pursue knowledge with every tool available, including the
internet, so long as they do so judiciously.

It is important to know that the Web is an unregulated resource. Because many unreliable
sources exist on the internet, anyone – even people who have no expertise at all in your subject –
can post anything at anytime. Many sources on the web have proven to be unreliable, biased, and
inaccurate. Too much reliance on the web could do more damage than good. Checking the
reliability and accuracy of information taken from random sites could take more time than going
to the library. And using information you have not checked from such sources could have a
detrimental impact on your final grade.

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Traditional information research tools and sources found in library media centers have been
recently supplemented by the information available on the Internet. In some cases, students at
almost all instructional levels from elementary schools to universities are doing all of the
information access portion of their research projects and papers on the Internet. This raises a
number of questions that are clearly in need of attention from educational researchers. The
Internet in general, and the World Wide Web in specific, offer easy access to almost unlimited
information. A growing number of students have access to this incredible resource from their
homes while others use it in school libraries and classrooms. While Internet access offers a
number of advantages, it also offers a number of serious concerns to educators who wish to
allow their students to explore its possibilities.

Q.19. How can you explain the use of email in your research work?

Ans. Using e-mail as a research tool potentially offers researchers many advantages such as easy
access to world-wide samples, low administration costs (both financially and temporally) and its
unobtrusiveness and 'friendliness' to respondents.

 However, e-mail's application as a research tool is constrained by its, as yet, limited and
biased population of users (in terms of age, income, gender and race).
 Response rates to e-mail questionnaires appear favourable as does the ease of distribution
and response times. Nevertheless, ensuring respondents' anonymity is virtually
impossible.
 Using e-mail as an interview tool eschews the conventional constraints of spatial and
temporal proximity between interviewer and respondent and offers the considerable
practical advantage of providing 'ready-transcribed' data. However, e-mail interviews
suffer from a lack of tacit communication.

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Q.20 Write an e-mail letter to editor of journal, requesting to publish your article for publication.

Ans:

May 20, 2017

Dr. Hemendra Chandalia

Rajasthan Association for Studies in English

Udaipur(Rajasthan)

Dear Dr Chandalia,

I am writing in regards to my 2,000-word manuscript, tentatively titled,Sophia’s Cooking Class.

Sophia’s Cooking Class is about a two-year-old girl, Sophia, who desperately wants to help her
mother make dinner before her father gets home from work. However, everything that Sophia
tries to do to help ends up causing a great big mess! Her mother is patient with her, but Sophia
gets more and more frustrated. In the end, her mother explains to her that right now there are
things “mommies” can do and things that “Sophias” can do. One day she’ll be able to do
everything that “mommies” can do, but right now she can only try to be the best Sophia she can
be. Sophia cheers up, helps her mother clean the kitchen, and surprises her father with an art
project instead!
This book is geared toward one- to three-year-olds, and I have enclosed my manuscript for your
perusal. I believe that Children’s House Publishing would be the best publishing house for this
type of story because of your focus on books that help children who want to grow up too quickly.
I also know that Children’s House Publishing strives to help unknown and first-time writers get
their start.
Although this is my first attempt at publishing a full book, I have had two of my short children’s
stories published, “A Time to Play” and “A Time to Read,” published in The Literary Journal. I
am extremely excited about this process and think that Children’s House Publishing would be a
great home for Sophia’s Cooking Class.
Thank you for your consideration!

Sincerely,
Divya Bajpai

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