1. Making a word!

A. Do you remember the principle? We could make a letter with mixing characters.
Making word is the same like the previous principle.

Korean words consists of word and a postposition.

Examples:

나(Na) = I / 나의(Na+eui) = My / 내것(Nae+geot) = Mine

너(Neo) = You / 너의(Neo+eui) = Your / 네것(Ne+geot) = Yours
그남자(Geu+nam+ja) = He / 그남자의(GeuNamJa+eui) = His / 그남자의 것(GeuNamJa+eui+geot) = His
그여자(Geu+Yeo+ja) = She / 그여자의(GeuYeoJa+eui) = Her / 그여자의 것 (GeuYeoJa+eui+geot) = Hers

Here, you can see " eui" as seen in the words above.
Korean language has a few postpositions and this postposition is located at the end of word.
I think that if you know some postpositions, it will be very useful to make words and sentences.

To speak Korean, you should know the following postpositions.

Examples:

~(pronoun)은(~eun), ~(pronoun)는(~Neun), ~(pronoun)이(~i) or ~(pronoun)가(~Ga) : the subjective

ex) I am a boy = 나(I)[는] 소년(boy) 이다(am)

Time is gold = 시간(time)[은] 금(gold) 이다(is)
You should do it = 네(you)[가] 그것(it)을 해야한다(should do)

~(noun)의 ( ~eui ) : the possessive " equal to 's or of "

ex) This is my father's car.

~(noun)를(~Reul) or ~(noun)을( ~eul ) : the ob-ject

- I can't exactly explain the ob-jective to you but it's similar with this ex-pression
ex) I buy a car = 나(I)는 차(car)[를] 산다(buy)
I love you = 나(I)는 너(you)[를] 사랑한다(love)
Give it to me = 그것(it)[을] 나에게(to me) 주어라(give)

~(noun)으로(~eu+Ro), ~(noun)에게(~e+ge) are equal to "to (place)" but we attach it to end of noun
ex) Give it to me = 그것(it)을 나[에게](to me) 주어라(give)
I'm going to my home = 나(I)는 나의(my) 집(home)[으로](to) 가는 중이다(am going).

~(noun)로부터(~RoBuTeo), ~(noun)에서(~e+seo) is equal to "From (place)"

ex) They are coming from school = 그들(They)은 학교(school)[로부터] 오고 있는중이다(are coming).

~다(~Da) means end of sentence

 ex) I am a boy = 나(I)는 소년(boy) 이[다](am).
I love you = 나(I)는 너(you)를 사랑한[다](love)

~입(습)니까? (~ImNiGGa? or SeumNiGGa?) , ~니?(~Ni?), ~야?(~Ya?) mean a question

ex) What is it? = 그것은 무엇[입니까?]
Did you have a meal? = 너는 밥은 예매[니?]

~라 (~Ra) means command

ex) Do your homework = 네 점심 해[라]

~자(~Ja) means suggestion

ex) Let's swim = 에서 하[자]

Please remember!
We usually attach postposition to the end of a word!

Exercise :

Fill in the blank with the correct word.

- 나( ? ) 밥을 먹는다 = I'm having a meal

- 나는 너( ? ) 사랑한다 = I love you.

- 너( ?? ) 편지를 보냈다 = I sent a letter to you.

- 나는 커피를 마셨( ? ) = I had a cup of coffee.

- 너는 숙제를 했( ? )? = Did you finish your homework?

05.08.2012 added
~은 : after consonant (example 사람은 : after ㅁ )
~는 : after vowel (example 영수는 : after ㅜ )
~이 : after consonant ( example 사람이 : after ㅣ)
~가 : after vowel (example 셜리가 : after l)
~을 : after consonant (example 영인을 : after ㄹ)
~를 : after vowel (example 차를 : after ㅏ)

Edited by Sam
* NOTICE : You need active points to read all my notes. Just be our friends and hangout with us then you don't need
to mind of it.

how to get active points : http://mindpasta.com/minds/?mind=ActivePoint

Part 3 - Grammar Sentences

Hi, There! How’s your Korean learning coming along?
Is it good? It is just as well if it is not going well. ;-)
You don’t need to be an expert in learning Korean now.
Take it easy! ;-P

The English language uses a lot of “a” in its sentences.

I don't know why we should need to use it in sentences. In the Korean language, we don’t typically use 'a' in
sentences.
Look at this!
I'm a Korean. = 나는 한 한국사람이다.(Na+neun Han HanGook+Saram+ida)
Let’s change that ex-pression in Korean properly!

We say, "I'm Korean."

This is my house = 이것은 나의 집이다.(I+Geot+eun Na+eui Jib+ida)

This is book = 이것은 책이다.(I+Geot+eun Check+ida)
He is boy = 그는 소년이다.(Geu+neun SoNyeon+ida)

Err? Where is 'a'? Is it a correct ex-pression in Korean?

Exactly, you're right!
I think, it is similar to verb "Be". We cannot skip 'be' in a sentence. By the way, are you having trouble in the ex-
pression?
Absolutely No!

We don’t need to use "a" in a sentence except when it means a number in Korean.

We will look into a Korean sentence at this time.

Are you ready? Okay, let’s have fun with it together!

OMG!! Wait a second! We should know about "Be" before we study any sentences. ---;;;

A few "Be" are in Korean. Look at these!

(이)다 (Ida or da) = am, are //// present

있다 (Idda) = be //// present
있었다 (ISseodda) = been //// past
이었다 (Ieodda) = was, were //// past
일 것이다 (Il Geot+ida) = will be //// future or guess
that's all and we use it without dividing such as between 'am' and 'are'

ex )
a. 나는 한국인이다 (Na+neun HanGook+In+Ida) = I am a Korean
vs 우리는 한국인이다 (WooRi+neun HanGook+In+Ida) = We are Korean
b. 사과 한개가 있다 (SaGwa HanGae+ga Idda) = One apple is (on the table)
vs 사과 두개가 있다 (SaGwa DooGae+ga Idda) = Two apples are (in the box)

Okay, let's continue!

First of all, sentences are combination of words and postpositions in the Korean language.
And we can send a MSG to other people correctly and directly with using postposition than other languages.
So we don’t need to think of the meaning what we heard.
The standard ex-pression is noun verb noun in English. correct?
In Korean, noun+postposition noun(+postposition) verb
Do you understand the difference between them?

See the organization below: ;-)

1. Sentences

1. Basic sentence

Basic organizations are bit a simple ;-P

Examples :
a. noun+postposition (space) noun+verb"Be"
b. noun+postposition (space) noun+postposition (space) verb
c. noun+postposition (space) noun+postposition (space) verb (space) verb"Be"
d. noun+postposition (space) noun+noun+postposition (space) verb (space) verb"Be"

Practice
a type : 나는 남자이다 : Na+neun NamJa+IDa means I am (a) man
b type : 나는 공부를 한다 : Na+neun GongBu+reul HanDa means I do study
c type : 나는 공부를 하고 있다 : Na+neun GongBu+reul Hago Idda means I am studying (now)
d type : 나는 한국어공부를 하고 있다 : Na+neun HanGookEo+GongBu+reul Hago Idda means I am studying
(about) Korean

2. Advanced sentence
To learn about advanced sentences, we should know a few conjunctives
such as and, but, by the way, so, then....
Okay, let's see them!
---- especially we are using often
former sentence + 그리고( GeuRiGo ) or verb+고(Go) or verb'Be'+이고(IGo) = and

former sentence + 그러나( GeuReoNa ) or verb+으나(EuNa) or verb'Be'+이나(INa) = but

former sentence + 그래서( GeuRaeSeo ) or verb+서(Seo) or verb'Be'+이라서(IRaSeo) or noun+라서(RaSeo)

= so

former sentence + 그런데( GeuReonDae ) or verb+는데(NeunDe) = by the way

former sentence + 하지만( HaJiMan ) or noun+(이)지만(IJiMan) or verb+지만(Jiman) =but, however, though

---- to good know

그러므로( GeuReoMeuRo ) = therefore
반면에 ( BanMyeonE ) = on the other hand
and etc... ;-)

Examples
a-a. noun+postposition (space) noun+verb"Be" (space) conjunctive (space) verb(or verb'Be') : more write
a-b. noun+postposition (space) noun+conjunctive (space) verb(or verb'Be') : more speak
b-a. noun+postposition (space) noun+verb'Be' (space) conjunctive (noun) verb : more write
b-b. noun+postposition (space) noun+conjuctive (space) (noun) verb : more speak

Practice
a-a type : 나는 남자다 그래서 강하다 : Na+neun NamJa+Da GeuReSeo GangHaDa
- means I am (a) man so I'm strong
a-b type : 나는 남자라서 강하다 : Naneun NamJaRaSeo GangHaDa
- measns I am a man so I'm strong

b-a type : 나는 남자다 그러나 (그것을) 할 수 없다 : NaNeun NamJaDa GeuReoNa (GeuGeoSeul) Hal Su EobDa
- means I'm a man but I can't do (it).
b-b type : 나는 남자지만 (그것을) 할 수 없다 : NaNeun NamJaJiMan (GeuGeoSeul) Hal Su EobDa
- means I'm a man but I can't do (it)

Exercise :

What is a correct conjunctive in the blank?

나는 밥을 먹었다 ( ??? ) (나는) 배가 부르다 = I had a meal ( ??? ) (I'm) full

나는 밥을 먹었( ?? ) (나는) 여전히 배가 고프다 = I had a meal (???) (I'm) still hungry
나는 책이 있다 ( ??? ) 노트도 있다. = I have a book (???) note too

Hmm.... can you understand them?

Anyway, I hope these can help your Korean language skills :-)

Added 27.01.2012
When a sentence comprises two different sentences we use these words below to connect the following sentences.
Conjunctions : 그리고, 그래서,그러나, 그런데, 그렇지만, 그래도 ..
Example:
그리고 : A는 a다 그리고 B는 b다 or A는 a(이)고 B는 b다
그래서 : 배가 고프다 그래서 밥을 먹어야겠다. or 배가 고파서 밥을 먹어야겠다.
그런데 : 배가 고프다 그런데 참을 수 있다. or 배가 고픈데 참을 수 있다.
그러나 : 배가 고프다 그러나 참아야 한다. or 배가 고프나 참아야 한다.
그렇지만 : 배가 고프다 그렇지만 참을 수 있다. or 배가 고프지만 참을 수 있다.
그래도 : 배가 고프다 그래도 참아야 한다. or 배가 고프더라도 참아야 한다.

Edited by Sam
Part 4 - Emotions & Grammar
Hi, it’s been a long time.
Nowadays, I'm dead busy and tired. ㅠㅠㅠ
Emoticons of Korean are different from English.
So if Korean saw English's one then, they can't understand just by looking at it.
Because, English's rotated about -90 degrees but not in Korean.
I don't know all about emoticons, anyway let's look at them ;-)
웃음(smile) ^^
수줍(shy) ^^*
뭥미(What the hell is that???) -_- , =_=;;
헐(shocked) -0-
눈 반짝(eyes are shining brightly) +_+
돈밝힘(show me the money) $_$
헤롱헤롱(dizziness) @@;; , @-@
깜찍(cute) ; >_<
인사(bow) (--)(__)
꺄악(lol) >0
멀뚱(o_0) O_O
난감(embarrassing) -_-;;;
모르는 척(shut one's eyes to) ('' )( ..)
울다(cry) ㅠㅠ
도망가다(run away) =33
화난(angry) --^ --+

and more... ;-)

Okay, we will see some postpositions more thoroughly at this time.

We saw that some postpositions in the last lesson but I thought that's insufficient to use them.
So, this time, we will see and learn how to use them correctly.

Go go! ( this Korenglish means move on! or let's start!)

About 은 , 는 , 이 , 가

We can find out the subject in the sentence through these postpositions 은,는,이,가

pronoun+은 , 는 , 이, 가
noun+은 , 는 , 이 , 가

이것은(는,가 can't use) 컴퓨터+입니다. This(+은) is a computer.

그것은(는,가 can't use) 책+입니다. It(+은) is a book.
당신은(는,가 can't use) 아름답+습니다. You(+은) are beauty.

엄마는(이,은 can't use) 요리를 합니다. Mother is cooking.

나는(이,은,가 can't use) 사람+입니다. I am a human.
너는(이,은 can't use) 누구니? Who are you? (니=이니)

이름이(는,가 can't use) 뭐니? What is (your) name? (뭐=무엇) (니=이니)

물이(는,가 can't use) 차갑다. The water is cold.

그가(이,은 can't use) 간다. He is going

그녀가(이,은 can't use) 책을 읽는다. She is reading the book.

By the way, we should find a pattern about using 은,는,이,가

Can you find it?

가 and 는 following vowel

그가 -> ㄱ + ㅡ after 가
내가 -> ㄴ + ㅐ after 가
너는 -> ㄴ + ㅓ after 는
그녀는 -> ㄴ + ㅕ after 는

이 and 은 following consonant

바람이 -> ㄹ + ㅏ + ㅁ after 이
꽃은 -> ㄲ + ㅗ + ㅊ after 은
이것은 -> ㄱ + ㅓ + ㅅ after 은
책이 -> ㅊ + ㅐ + ㄱ after 이

Phew~ You are doing ver well.. I think XD

About ~을, ~를

을, 를 are easy to use than 은,는,이,가 Let's see them.

We can find the ob-ject in the sentence through these postpositions 을,를

pronoun+을 , 를
noun+을 , 를

I will just show you some examples about 을, 를 ;P

You should find the differences.

Example:

What is it(은)? = 그것은 무엇입니까?

What(을) are you doing? 너는 무엇을 합니까?

I can do it(을) 나는 그것을 할 수 있습니다.

I love you(를) 나는 너를 사랑합니다.

We can see the two patterns. Found them? ;-)

1. To use 을, 를 should be subject in the sentence

I can do it - I(subject) can do it(ob-ject)
* We can use 을,를 without sbject but must can know that subject.
such as (I) Can do it!

2. 을 following consonant and 를 following vowel

and next about ~로,~으로,~에,~에서,~으로부터,~에서부터,~까지

We can learn and find the adverb in a sentence through these postpositions
~로,~으로,~에,~에서,~으로부터,~에서부터,~까지

About ~로,~으로,~에

~로,~으로,~에 ususally means to , at

그곳에(or 으로) 가고싶다. I want to go there.

어디로(or 에) 가는 중이니? Where are you going?

and another using 에

time or date after 에 = on

3시에 갈 것이다 = I will go on 3pm

수요일에 수업이 있다 = I have a class on Wednesday.

About ~에서,~으로부터,~에서부터

~에서,~으로부터,~에서부터 means from

About ~까지

~까지 means until or to

time or date after 까지 = until

place after 까지 = to
Edited by Sam

PART 5
Hey~
Take a break at this time!! ;-)
So I will write briefly! Haha!

I didn't know about over, under, below, on... as well till about a few months ago.
How about you in Korean?

Okay, let us learn about them!

over here : 바로+여기

here : 여기
there : 저기(거기,그곳)
over there : 바로+저기(바로거기,바로그곳)

Btw, we are usually say 여기, 저기.

That means we are just say here and there!

We, Koreans can understand with only 여기 or 저기.

If you want to say 'over here' then, say 여기(here) with accent. That's all!. ;-P

Another example:

over : 위
on : 바로+위 -
below : 바로+아래
under : 아래
bottom : 바닥(밑바닥) or 맨+아래 or 제일+아래

Hey, do you know that all we need to say is the position or where things are found?
That's right!
We just need to know 위 and 아래. Got it? ;-)

Haha and then let's start!

I want to let you know about respectful ex-pressions in the Korean language.

This is a definitely different compared to the English language.

Let's look at them!

Do you know? 너는 알아?

Do you know? 당신은 알아요?

Do you see the difference in each of them?

너는 알아? is usually use to friends, younger people

당신은 알아+요? is usually use to older people, unfamiliar people , unfamiliar younger people

When usually say it differently depending on who the audience is.

I recommend that you study the proper use of respectful ex-pressions.
Because if you were to visit Korea, you would meet some unfamiliar people at first.

So then, is learning proper ex-pression easy?

You're right! It's easy!

We need to learn a few letters:

: 저, ~님, 당신
: ~요?, ~ㅂ+니까?, ~습니까?, ~요. , ~ㅂ+니다. , ~습니다.

For examples:
나는 소녀다(이다). -> 저는 소녀입니다. ( I am a girl )
너는 누구니? -> 당신은 누구입니까? ( Who are you? )
선생은 어디에 있니? -> 선생님은 어디에 있나요? (Where is your teacher? )
나는 한국에 도착했다 -> 저는 한국에 도착했습니다. ( I arrived at Korea )

Okay. Do you understand?

Exercise :
Fill in the blanks with the correct words

1. 나는 바쁘다 -> ( ? )는 바쁩( ?? ). = I am busy.

2. 너는 사람이니? -> ( ?? )은 사람( ??? )? = Are you a human?
3. 그것은 책이다 -> 그것은 책( ??? ) = It is a book.
I will finish this on here, because I promised you guys it will be a short document this time! Haha.

Edited by Sam

Mmm. Anyways, let's start Part 6!

I will teach you guys how to write “a” and read “A".
What a freaking Korenglish??? Haha.

You probably have some strange experience when you reading Korean.
Such as writing :물을 마십니다 -> reading : 물을 마심니다 (someone drink water)

The Korean language uses a few difficult grammar, such as; 자음동화,구개음화,두음법칙,모음조화,자음접변...
Er? Why does the Korean language have these annoying methods between writing and reading?
Please don't ask me. I'm not a linguist. ;-P

There are some ways we can learn it. A lot of Koreans didn't know these concepts as well, despite Hangul being their
native tongue.
It is because it’s too hard to learn them more than just use them.
So we don't have to learn the exact grammars in order to use them.

Just read as easily as you can speak.

Okay, it's time to see some examples.

I will show you some ex-pressions that we are normally use.
Important thing is that you should notice the changing consonants.
One of them should be the letter below and another should follow letter as first. ;-)

These are examples:

1.writing: 있습니다. -> reading: 이씀니다 (is)

: ㅆ+ㅅ and ㅂ+ㄴ -> moved+ㅆ and ㅁ+ㄴ

2. writing: 합니다. -> reading: 함니다 (do)

: ㅂ+ㄴ -> ㅁ+ㄴ

3. writing: 갑니다 -> reading: 감니다 (go)

: ㅂ+ㄴ -> ㅁ+ㄴ

4. writing: 같습니다 -> reading: 가씀니다 (same)

: ㅌ+ㅅ and ㅂ+ㄴ -> moved+ㅆ and ㅁ+ㄴ
5. writing: 있다 -> reading: 이따 (is)
: ㅆ+ㄷ -> moved+ㄸ

6. writing: 먹다 -> reading: 먹따 (eat)

: ㄱ+ㄷ -> ㄱ+ㄸ

7. writing: 입다 -> reading: 입따 (wear)

: ㅂ+ㄷ ->ㅂ+ㄸ

8. writing: 먹는다 -> reading: 멍는다 ( eating )

: ㄱ+ㄴ -> ㅇ+ㄴ

9. writing: 강릉 -> reading: 강능 ( name of Gang-Reung City )

: ㅇ+ㄹ -> ㅇ+ㄴ

10. writing: 없다 -> reading: 업따

: ㅂㅅ+ㄷ -> ㅂ+ㄸ

11. writing:없습니다 -> reading: 업슴니다

: ㅂㅅ+ㅅ and ㅂ+ㄴ -> ㅂ and ㅁ+ㄴ

12. writing: 먹고 -> reading: 머꼬

: ㄱ+ㄱ -> moved+ㄲ

13. writing: 당신은 -> reading: 당시는

: ㄴ+ㅇ -> moved+ㄴ

and more advanced ex-pressions ( but rarely used )

1. writing : 갇히다 -> reading: 가치다

: ㄷ+ㅎ -> moved+ㅊ

2. writing : 년도 -> reading: 연도

: ㄴ should be first location in that letter will change ㅇ

3. writing : 식히다 -> reading : 시키다

: ㄱ+ㅎ -> moved+ㅋ

Okay, Part 6 will be a bit difficult for you guys but no problem because it's too difficult for us Koreans also. ;-)
Exercise:

Fill in the blanks with the correct letter for proper term.

1. 나는 학교에 갑니다 -> 나는 학교에 ( )니다 : I'm on the way to school

2. 나는 사과를 먹습니다 -> 나는 사과를 먹( )니다 : I'm having apple

3. 나는 당신을 사랑합니다 -> 나는 당( ) 사랑( )니다 : I do love you

See you later~ ;-)

Edited by Sam