WRITTEN COMMUNICATION:

Written communication involves any type of message that makes use of the written word.
Written communication is the most important and the most effective of any mode of business
communication. Some of the various forms of written communications that are used internally
for business operations include: ... Instant messages.

ADVANTAGES OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION:

Easy to preserve: The documents of written communication are easy to preserve. Oral and non-
verbal communication cannot be preserved. If it is needed, important information can be
collected from the preserved documents.

Easy presentation of complex matter: Written communication is the best way to represent any
complex matter easily and attractively.

Permanent record: The documents of written communication act as a permanent record. When
it is needed, important information can be easily collected from the preserved documents.

Prevention of wastage of time and money: Written communication prevents the waste of money
and time. Without meeting with each other the communicator and communicate can exchange
their views.

Accurate presentation: Through the documents of the written communication top executive can
present the information more accurately and clearly. As it is a legal document everybody takes
much care does draft it.

Use as a reference: If it is needed, written communication can be used as future reference.

Delegation of authority: Written communication can help the authority to delegate the power
and authority to the subordinate. It is quite impossible to delegate power without a written
document.

Longevity: Written document can be preserved for a long time easily. That is why; all the
important issues of an organization should be back and white.

Effective communication: Written communication helps to make communication effective. It is

more dependable and effective than those of other forms of communication.

Maintaining image: Written communication helps to maintain the images of both the person and
the organization. It also protects the images of the company or organization.

Proper information: It is a proper and complete communication system. There is no opportunity

to include any unnecessary information in a written document.

Less distortion possibility: In this communication system information is recorded permanently.

So, there is less possibility of distortion and alteration of the information.

No opportunity to misinterpret: there is any opportunity to misinterpret the information or

messages of written communication.

Controlling tool: Written communication can help to control the organizational activity. The
written document may be used as a tool for controlling.

Easy to verify: The information and messages that are preserved can be verified easily. If there
arises any misunderstanding any party can easily verify the information.

Others: Clear understanding, Legal document, Acceptability, Reduction of risk, Creating

confidence, Easy circulation, Wide access or coverage etc.

DISADVANTAGES OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

The limitations and disadvantages of written communication are given below:

Expensive: Written communication is comparatively expensive. For this communication paper,

pen, ink, typewriter, computer and a large number of employees are needed.

Time consuming: Written communication takes time to communicate with others. It is a time
consuming media. It costs the valuable time of both the writer and the reader.

Red-Taoism: Red-Taoism is one of the most disadvantages of written communication. It means to

take time for approval of a project.

Useless for illiterate person: It messages receiver is illiterate, written communication is quite
impossible. This is major disadvantage written communication.

Difficult to maintain secrecy: It is an unexpected medium to keep business secrecy. Secrecy is not
always possible to maintain through written communication. Because here needs to discuss
everything in black and white.

Lack of flexibility: Since writing documents cannot be changed easily at any time. Lack of
flexibility is one of the most important limitations of written communication.

Delay in response: It takes much time to get a response from the message receiver; prompt
response is not possible in case of written communication that is possible in oral
communication.

Delay in decision making: Written communication takes much time to communicate with all the
parties concerned. So the decision maker cannot take decisions quickly.

Cost in record keeping: It is very difficult and expensive to keep all the records in written
communication.
Complex words: Sometimes the writer uses complex words in writing a message. It becomes
difficult to meaning out to the reader. So the objectives of the communication may lose.

Lack of direct relation: If there is no direct relation between the writer and the reader, writer
communication cannot help to establish a direct relation between them.

Other: Prompt feedback is impossible, Slowness, Bureaucratic attitude, Understanding problem

between boos and subordinates, lack in quick clarification and correction, formality problem,
lack of personal intimacy, etc.

ORAL COMMUNICATION:

Oral communication is the process of expressing information or ideas by word of mouth. Learn
more about the types and benefits of oral communication, and find out how you can improve
your own oral communication abilities.

The advantages of oral communication are as follows:

Time saving: When action is required to be taken immediately it is best to transmit a message
orally. If the executives work load is high then they stop writhing and by oral instructions they
complete their message transmission and released their work load and also it saves time.

Cost savings: Cost is involved in any communication. When the communication is needed within
the organization and if it and is completed in orally, it has not needed any paper, pen or stamp or
computer. So it saves the money of the organization.

More powerful: Speech is a more powerful means of persuasion and control. Therefore,
executives often prefer to transmit messages orally.

Effectiveness: With the help of variations in the tone, pitch and intensity of voice, the speaker
can convey shades of meaning. This factor also contributes to the effectiveness of oral
communication.

Immediate feedback: The speaker can get immediate feedback on whether it is creating a
favorable impression on the receiver or whether the receiver will protest or whether the
receiver has receiver has clearly understood his meaning or is feeling perplexed or baffled and he
can mold and adjust his message accordingly.

More suitable: The employees felt more suitable when the message transmits in orally. They get
an opportunity for feedback and clarification.

A relationship develops: Oral communication is mostly carried out helps to promote friendly
relations between the parties communicating with each other.

Flexibility: By the demand of the situations, oral instructions can be changed easily and for these
cases maintain the formalities are not necessary. So it is very much flexible and effective.

Easiness: It is so easy method of communication. It needs little preparation to send a message.

No need of pens, pencils and other writing equipment’s which are needed in written
communication.

Correction of errors: If any error is expressed at the time of oral communication. It was possible
to rectify at that time or within a very short time.

Informal communication: In oral communication, no need to maintain such formalities which are
needed in written communication. So it is easy and helpful to any organization.

Motivation: In oral communication system, top executives and sub ordinates staff can sit face-to-
face and exchange their views directly, so sub-ordinates are motivated day by day.

Special applications: Oral communication is more helpful in communicating messages to groups

of people at assembly meetings etc.

Maintaining secrecy: Interested parties of oral communication can maintain the secrecy of
messages easily.

DISADVANTAGES OF ORAL COMMUNICATION:

No record: In oral communication, messages are difficult to record. So it is impossible to

preserve the message for future.

Expensive: It is also expensive media of communication. Sometimes the audience can be

managed by paying T. A and D. A. On the other hand Technological devices that are used in this
system are costly.

Distortion of the word: If distortion of the word occurs in oral communication, then main goals
of the organization may be filed.

Inaccuracy: There is very possibility of inaccurate messages to reach the destination. So, the
reverse result of expected plan may be occurred.

Limited use: The scope of usage of oral communication is limited. It is not suitable for lengthy
messages. It should be sued for short message.

Probability of omitting main subject: Sometimes, main subject may be omitted to express a word
for communicating. So, expected result may not be achieved.

Confused speech: Sometimes the receiver fails to understand the meaning of a message due to
habitual productions of the speaker.

No legal validity: there is any legal validity of the oral message. As, the oral messages are not
taped and kept records, so it can be denied easily if the situation goes against the speaker.
Late decision: It takes time to reach a decision. At the beginning stage, sometime is killed in the
discussion of any personal matters. Besides some time is also wasted for irrelevant discussion. In
this way decision making is delayed.

Less important: In oral communication, meaningless speech can mislead the main effects of the
communication. But when the information comes out in written, we take it seriously.

Lack of secrecy: In oral communication, the important and secret information may be disclosed.

Defective: Oral communication is defective for company’s policy, procedure, programs, law and
other important information.

Creates misunderstanding: The speaker often gives message without having properly organized it
earlier. So, it is possible that he may not be able to make himself properly to communicate with
the receiver. As a result, misunderstanding May develops.

NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION:

Nonverbal communication (NVC) between people is

communication through sending and receiving wordless clues. It
includes the use of visual cues such as body language (kinesics),
distance (proxemics) and physical environments/appearance, of
voice (paralanguage) and of touch (haptics).

Communication without the use of spoken language. Nonverbal

communication includes gestures, facial expressions, and body
positions (known collectively as “body language”), as well as
unspoken understandings and presuppositions, and cultural and
environmental conditions that may affect any encounter between
people.

ADVANTAGES:

Complementary: Non-verbal cues complement a verbal message

by adding to its meaning. You can pat someone you offended at
the back as you say sorry to him or her.
Easy presentation: Information can be easily presented in non-
verbal communication through using visual, audio-visual and silent
means of non-verbal communication.

Substituting: Non-verbal message may substitute for the verbal

message especially if it is blocked by noise, interruption, long
distance etc. for example: gestures-finger to lips to indicate need
for quite, facial expressions- a nod instead of a yes.

Accenting: Often used to accent a verbal message. Verbal tone

indicates the actual meaning of the specific words.

Repeat: Used to repeat the verbal message (e.g. point in a

direction while stating directions.)

Help to illiterate people: This type of communication use gestures,

facial expressions, eye contact, proximity, touching etc. and
without using any spoken or written word. So, it is very much
helpful for illiterate people.

Help to handicapped people: Non-verbal cues of communication

greatly help in handicapped people especially to deaf people. Deaf
people are exchange message through the movements of hands,
fingers, eye ball etc.

Attractive presentation: Non-verbal communication is based on

visual, picture, graph, sign etc. that can be seen very much
attractive.

Reducing wastage of time: The message of non-verbal

communication reached the receiver very fast. For this reason it
reduces the wastage of valuable time of the communicator.
Quick expression of message: Non-verbal cues of communication
like sign and symbol can also communicate some messages very
quickly than written or oral messages.

DISADVANTAGES OR LIMITATIONS OF NON-VERBAL

COMMUNICATION:

Despite of advantages of non-verbal communication, it is not free

from its limitations or disadvantages which are:

Vague and imprecise: Non-verbal communication is quite vague

and imprecise. Since in this communication there is no use of
words or language which expresses clear meaning to the receiver.
No dictionary can accurately classify them. Their meaning varies
not only by culture and context but by degree of intension.

Continuous: It is possible to stop talking in verbal communication,

but it is generally not possible to stop nonverbal cues. Also,
spoken language has a structure that makes it easier to tell when a
subject has changed, for instance or to analyze its grammar.
Nonverbal does not lend itself to this kind of analysis.

Multi-channel: while watching someone’s eyes, you may miss

something significant in a hand gesture. Everything is happening
at once and therefore it may be confusing to try to keep up with
everything. Most of us simply do not do so, at least not
consciously.

Culture-bound: Non-verbal communication is learnt in childhood,

passed on to you by your parents and others with whom you
associate. A few other gestures seem to be universal. Evidence
suggests that humans of all cultures smile when happy and frown
when unhappy. However, most nonverbal symbols seem to be
even further disconnected from any “essential meaning” than
verbal symbols. Gestures seen as positive in one culture (Like the
thumbs-up gesture in the USA) may be seen as obscene in another
culture.

Long conversations are not possible: In non-verbal

communication, long conversation and necessary explanations are
not possible. No party can discuss the particular issues of the
messages.

Difficult to understand: Difficult to understand and requires a lot

of repetitions in non-verbal communication. Since it uses gestures,
facial expressions eye contact, touch etc. for communicating with
others which may not be understandable for the simple and
foolish people.

Not everybody prefers: Everybody not prefers to communicate

through non-verbal communication with others. Sometimes it
cannot create an impression upon people or listeners. It is less
influential and cannot be used everywhere. It is cannot be used as
a public tool for communication.

Lack of formality: Non-verbal communication does not follow any

rules, formality or structure like other communication. Most of
the cases people unconsciously and habitually engaged in non-
verbal communication by moving the various parts of the body.

Costly: In some cases non-verbal communication involves huge

cost. For example, neon sign, power point presentation, cinema
etc are very much costly compared to others form of
communication.

Distortion of information: Since it uses gestures, facial

expressions, eye contact, touch, sign, sound, paralanguage etc. for
communicating with others, there is a great possibility in
distortion of information in non-verbal communication.