HOW ARE ALKANES AND FACTS ABOUT

ALKENES DIFFERENT?
ALKANES! FACTS ABOUT
ALKENES ARE UNSATURATED
HYDROCARBONS. THEY ALKENES!
CONTAIN A DOUBLE BOND, • any of a group of aliphatic
WHICH IS SHOWN AS TWO hydrocarbons whose molecules • Alkenes contain contain at least
LINES BETWEEN TWO OF THE
contain only single bonds which is one double bond between the
CARBON ATOMS. THE
the chemical bond. carbon atoms.
PRESENCE OF THIS DOUBLE
• said to have a continuous chain • Alkenes are unsaturated, as they
BOND ALLOWS ALKENES TO
have spare bonds that they can
R E AALKANES
CT IN WA Y S T H A TPROPERTIES
PHYSICAL ALKANES if each carbon atom in its
CA N N O T . use. This is especially useful in
it is a saturated hydrocarbon and all of its molecule is joined to at most two
making polymers.
bond is a complete covalent bond. other carbon atoms
• Alkenes decolourise bromine
ALKANES CHEMICAL PROPERTIES • it is said to have a branched water.
Alkanes is a covalent compound which has a chain if any of its carbon atoms is • Alkenes form polymers. This is
relatively low boiling and melting point. The joined to more than two other because their double bonds open
more the carbon atom or the longer the carbon atoms up to join other monomers, but
chain in an alkane compound, the higher its • The first four continuous-chain this will be explained in more
alkanes are methane, CH4; ethane,
detail further down the article.
boiling and melting point.The more the
• Alkenes burn with a smoky
branches in the carbon chain, the lower its C2H6; propane, C3H8; and butane,
flame. This means that is
boiling and melting point. C4H10
incomplete combustion, where
• alkanes with 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 not enough oxygen is getting to
ALKENES PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
carbon atoms in their molecules the burning object, which means
The physical properties of alkenes are
are pentane, hexane, heptane, that it produces carbon dioxide,
comparable with those of alkanes. The
octane, nonane, and decane, carbon monoxide, water and

ALKANES &
physical state depends on molecular carbon (soot).
respectively
mass (gases from ethene to butene - • The general formula for alkenes
• Chemically, the alkanes are
liquids from pentene onwards). The is CnH2n.
relatively unreactive

ALKENES
simplest alkenes, ethene, propene and
• They are obtained by fractional
butene are gases. Linear alkenes of
distillation from petroleum and
approximately five to sixteen carbons are
are used extensively as fuels.
liquids, and higher alkenes are waxy
• sometimes referred to as the
solids. HYDROCARBONS ARE COMPOUNDS MADE FROM
methane series (after the
ALKENES CHEMICAL PROPERTIES CARBON AND HYDROGEN ATOMS JOINED BY
simplest alkane) or as paraffins. COVALENT BONDS.
Combustion of Alkenes
• highly flammable compound at -ALKANES ARE SATURATED - THEY HAVE ONLY
The alkenes are highly flammable and SINGLE BONDS. ALKENES HAVE A DOUBLE BOND
high temperatures
burn readily in air, forming carbon - THEY ARE UNSATURATED.
• it is a saturated hydrocarbon
dioxide and water ALKENES REACT WITH BROWN BROMINE WATER
and all of its bond is a complete AND DECOLOURISE IT, BUT ALKANES DO NOT.
covalent bond. -ALKENES CAN ACT AS MONOMERS. UNDER HIGH
• Alkanes have lower acidity level PRESSURE AND IN THE PRESENCE OF A
CATALYST MANY MONOMER MOLECULES JOIN
if you compare it with the acidity
TOGETHER TO MAKE POLYMER MOLECULES.
level of alkenes. THESE POLYMER MOLECULES ARE SATURATED.

Alkane:
Butane
Butane in either its refined
form, n-butane, or its purer
form, also known as
isobutane, is used in
industries such as plumbing,
construction, culinary arts as
well as in jewelry making,
glassmaking, welding, and
other crafty ventures.
BUTANE BOTTLES ARE USED FOR A WIDE RANGE OF
DEVICES AND PURPOSES, INCLUDING:
• PORTABLE CAMPING STOVES
• OUTDOOR GRILLS
• PATIO HEATERS
• PORTABLE SPACE HEATERS
• CABINET HEATERS
• CARAVAN AND MOTORHOME COOKING AND HEATING
• MOBILE CATERING
• REFILLING LIGHTERS
WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF BUTANE?
• Low Price
• Fast burn
• Ease of use
• Low toxicity
• Energy efficiency
WHAT ARE THE BEST BUTANE BRANDS?
• Colibri
• Newport
• Power
• Puretane
• Vector
Alkene:
ETHENE (C2H4) AKA
ETHYLENE
Ethene is the smallest alkene and is a
colorless gas at room temperature. Unlike
its cousin ethane, ethane does have an odor
that is often described as “sweet and
musky.” It is sometimes called ethylene,
which is technically a misnomer, but is part
of common parlance and so remains.
USES
Ethene is a very important industrial
chemical. Its primary use is in the
production of polyethylene plastic, the
mostly widely-used plastic in the world.
Polyethylene is used to make everything
from shopping bags to packing peanuts,
lubricants, and even some detergents. More
than half of all ethane is used to make
polyethylene
Oxidation of ethane produces various
components including ethylene glycol,
the primary ingredient in antifreeze.
Halogenation of ethene produces a
range of molecules such as ethyl
chloride and ethylene dibromide. These
molecules are found in produces like
polyvinyl chloride, another widely used
plastic. Finally, alkylation of ethane (the
addition of an alkyl group), is the first
step in the production of styrene, which
is used to make the plastic polystyrene
for insulation and packaging. Ethene,
without modification, is also a plant
hormone that produces a number of
different effects including ripening of
fruit, pollination, leaf abscission (falling
off), seed germination, and more.