20.

2 Classification of Plants

KEY CONCEPT
Plants can be classified into nine phyla.
20.2 Classification of Plants
Mosses and their relatives are seedless nonvascular
plants.
• Nonvascular plants:
– must grow close to the ground to absorb
water and nutrients.
– rely on free-standing water for reproduction.
20.2 Classification of Plants
Plant Group Phylum Names Common Names
Hepatophyta Liverworts
Seedless Anthocerphyta Hornworts
nonvascular
Bryophyta Mosses
Seedless vascular Lycophyta Club mosses
Pterophyta Ferns
•Liverworts belong to phylum
Cycadophyta Cycads
Hepatophyta.
Cone-bearing seed Ginkgophyta Ginkgo
plants
•often grow on wet rocks or
in greenhouses
Conifera Conifers
Flowering seed Anthophyta Angiosperm
plants
20.2 Classification of Plants
Plant Group Phylum Names Common Names
Hepatophyta Liverworts
Seedless Anthocerphyta Hornworts
nonvascular
Bryophyta Mosses
•Seedless
Hornworts
vascularbelong to phylum Anthocerophyta.
Lycophyta Club mosses

– found in tropical
Pterophyta
forests Ferns
Cycadophyta
and along streams Cycads
Cone-bearing seed Ginkgophyta Ginkgo
– flat, lobed body with little
plants
green “horns” Conifera Conifers
Flowering seed Anthophyta Angiosperm
plants
20.2 Classification of Plants
Plant Group Phylum Names Common Names
Hepatophyta Liverworts
Seedless Anthocerphyta Hornworts
nonvascular
Bryophyta Mosses
Seedless vascular Lycophyta Club mosses
• Mosses belong to phylum Bryophyta.
Pterophyta Ferns
Cycadophyta Cycads – most common
Cone-bearing seed Ginkgophyta Ginkgo seedless
plants
nonvascular
Conifera Conifers
plants
Flowering seed Anthophyta Angiosperm
plants – Used as “peat”
20.2 Classification of Plants

Club mosses and ferns are seedless vascular plants.

• A vascular system allows club mosses and ferns to grow
higher off the ground.
• Both still need free-standing water for reproduction.
20.2 Classification of Plants
Plant Group Phylum Names Common Names
Hepatophyta Liverworts
Seedless Anthocerphyta Hornworts
nonvascular
Bryophyta Mosses
Seedless vascular Lycophyta Club mosses
Pterophyta Ferns
Cycadophyta Cycads
• Clubseed
Cone-bearing Ginkgophyta
mosses belong Ginkgo
plants
to phylum Lycophyta.
Conifera Conifers
– not trueAnthophyta
Flowering seed
mosses Angiosperm
plants – oldest living group
of vascular plants
20.2 Classification of Plants
Plant Group Phylum Names Common Names
Hepatophyta Liverworts
Seedless Anthocerphyta Hornworts
nonvascular
Bryophyta Mosses
Seedless vascular Lycophyta Club mosses
Pterophyta Ferns
• Ferns and their relatives belong
Cycadophyta to phylum Pterophyta.
Cycads
Cone-bearing seed Ginkgophyta Ginkgo
plants – whisk ferns and horsetails
Conifera
frond are close relatives of ferns
Conifers
Flowering seed Anthophyta – ferns have large leaves
Angiosperm
plants
fiddlehead called fronds
20.2 Classification of Plants
Seed plants include cone-bearing plants and flowering
plants.
• Seed plants have several advantages over their seedless
ancestors.
– can reproduce without free-standing water, via
pollination
– pollination
occurs when
pollen meets
female plant
parts
– seeds
nourish and
protect plant
embryo
– seeds allow plants to disperse to new places
20.2 Classification of Plants

• Gymnosperms do not have seeds enclosed in fruit.

– most gymnosperms are cone-bearing and evergreen.
– the cone is reproductive structure of most
gymnosperms.
– pollen is produced
in male cones.
– eggs are produced
in female cones.
– seeds develop on
scales of female
cones.
20.2 Classification of Plants
Plant Group Phylum Names Common Names
Hepatophyta Liverworts
Seedless Anthocerphyta Hornworts
nonvascular
Bryophyta Mosses
Seedless vascular Lycophyta Club mosses
Pterophyta Ferns
Cycadophyta Cycads
Cone-bearing seed Ginkgophyta Ginkgo
plants
Conifera Conifers
• Flowering
Cycadsseed
are gymnosperms
Anthophyta in phylum
Angiosperm
plants
Cycadophyta.
– look like palm trees with large
cones
– grow in tropical areas
20.2 Classification of Plants
Plant Group Phylum Names Common Names
Hepatophyta Liverworts
Seedless Anthocerphyta Hornworts
nonvascular
Bryophyta Mosses
Seedless vascular Lycophyta Club mosses
Pterophyta Ferns
Cycadophyta Cycads
Cone-bearing seed Ginkgophyta Ginkgo
plants
• Ginkgos are gymnosperms in phylum Ginkgophyta.
Conifera Conifers
– onlyseed
Flowering one species alive today,Angiosperm
Anthophyta Ginkgo
plantsbiloba

– grown in gardens and used in urban

landscaping
20.2 Classification of Plants
Plant Group Phylum Names Common Names
Hepatophyta Liverworts
Seedless Anthocerphyta Hornworts
nonvascular
Bryophyta Mosses
Seedless vascular Lycophyta Club mosses
Pterophyta Ferns
Cycadophyta Cycads
Cone-bearing seed Ginkgophyta Ginkgo
plants
Coniferophyta Conifers
Flowering seed Anthophyta Angiosperm
• plants
Conifers aregymnosperms in phylum Coniferophyta.
– most common gymnosperms alive
today
– includes pines, spruce, cedar, fir,
and juniper
20.2 Classification of Plants

• Angiosperms have seeds enclosed in some type of fruit.

– A flower is the reproductive structure of angiosperms.
– A fruit is a mature ovary of a flower.

• Angiosperms, or flowering plants, belong in phylum

Anthophyta.
20.2 Classification of Plants

Plant Group Phylum Names Common Names

Hepatophyta Liverworts
Seedless nonvascular Anthocerphyta Hornworts
Bryophyta Mosses
Seedless vascular Lycophyta Club mosses
Pterophyta Ferns
Cycadophyta Cycads
Cone-bearing seed Ginkgophyta Ginkgo
plants
Coniferophyta Conifers
Flowering seed plants Anthophyta Angiosperm