Cervical Cancer
 Cancer is confined to the cervix
 Usually caused by HPV (genital
warts)
 Some reports itchiness
MOT: Mode of Transmission
- Sexual – intercourse, genital-
genital contact, manual-genital
contact, oral-genital contact
- Non-sexual – fomites, infected
underwear, surgical gloves, biopsy
forceps
Risk Factors:
1. Multiple Sex Partners
2. Poor Hygiene
3. Hereditary
Clinical Manifestations:
- Asymptomatic until late in disease
state
- Thin, watery discharge, sometimes
with smell
- Dyspareunia – painful sex
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding
- Low back pain - may indicate the
spreading
- Dark, foul smelling discharge axs
disease advances
Stages
I – Mild aplasia
II – Moderate dysplasia
III – Severe dysplasia
Pap Smear Test Result (Bethesda) appear normal thus delaying the
 Normal limits – minimal/no diagnosis.
inflammation
 Significant inflammation – no Factors:
malignant cells - Hereditary
 CIN I – suggestive of malignancy - Testosterone-dependent (it does
(inconclusive) not occur in men who have
 CIN II – Increased indication of undergone orchidectomy).
malignancy - Adenocarcinoma of the prostate
 CIN III – Strongly suggests does not arise from benign
malignancy prostatic hyperplasia
Treatment
Surgical
- Vaginal hysterectomy (Uterus)
- TAHBSO
- Radical hysterectomy
(panhysterectomy (+) LN)
- Pelvic exenteration (radical
hysterectomy (+) bladder)
Non-Surgical
- Internal Radiation therapy
Cancer of the Prostate – provides
alkaline environment
 Malignancy of the prostate gland,
which is a hormone dependent
adenocarcinoma, growth of
hormone is usually related to the
presence of androgen hormone
 Common among men ages 50-60
years old and above
 Usually found in the posterior lobe
of the prostate gland. A malignant
tumour arising from glandular
epithelium of the prostate gland.
 Tumour grows slows and confined
to capsule, therefore prostate may