Authors of Presentation Vipin Das Sreejith Saranya S R Renjil Mathew Rinto Mathew Likhitha Jishnu Lijo Stalin FOREX Risk Management Manu C Pillali
FOREX-Management of exposure risks
Foreign-Exchange Risk
• The risk of an investment's value changing due
to changes in currency exchange rates.
• The risk that an investor will have to close out
a long or short position in a foreign currency at a loss due to an adverse movement in exchange rates. Also known as "currency risk" or "exchange-rate risk".
FOREX-Management of exposure risks
• This risk usually affects businesses that export and/or import • But also affect investors making international investments • Financial risk management is the practice of creating economic value in a firm by using financial instruments to manage exposure to risk
FOREX-Management of exposure risks
Foreign Exchange Exposure
• Foreign Exchange Exposure is a measure of
the potential change in a firm's profitability, • net cash flow and /or market value of net assets due to a change in exchange rates.
“When a US company sells to a foreign buyer and accepts the
buyers currency for payment, the US company bears the risk that the foreign currency depreciates and that it will receive fewer dollars once the foreign currency is converted back into the dollar.”
payable in a foreign currency the foreign exchange rate may change, causing an increase in the liability of the home country's currency or a decrease in receipts in the home country's currency.
FOREX-Management of exposure risks
Transaction Risk
• The risk of changes in the expected value of a
contract between its signing and its execution as a result of unexpected changes in foreign exchange rates. • Whoever makes a contract denominated in a foreign currency bears transaction risk. “Ocean Drilling has transaction risk if it borrows money in French francs or Japanese yen, and Hintz-Kessels- Kohl has transaction risk if it agrees to accept future payments for its vehicles in U.S. dollars.” FOREX-Management of exposure risks Passive Transaction Risk Management
• Denominate all contracts in domestic
currency. This is a possible strategy for companies with market power. • Do nothing about transaction risk. This is a possible strategy for companies with a large number of small contracts in a large number of currencies
FOREX-Management of exposure risks
Hedging
• Insuring against transaction risk to reduce or
eliminate the effects of unexpected changes in exchange rates. • You can hedge only at market rates. The effects of expected changes in exchange rates are incorporated in these market rates. Hedging is insurance. The purpose of hedging is to reduce or eliminate risks, not to make profits.
FOREX-Management of exposure risks
Hedging
The purpose of hedging is to manage a firm's
foreign exchange exposure by minimizing home currency outflows (payables/liabilities) and maximizing home currency inflows (receivables/assets).
FOREX-Management of exposure risks
Natural Transaction Risk Hedging
• Centralize cash management to net all
offsetting transactions, transactions which are long and short the same currency. • Time, lead and lag, offsetting business transactions in the same currency. • Create offsetting business transactions in the same currency.
FOREX-Management of exposure risks
Translation Risk
When a home country entity is required to
consolidate its foreign subsidiaries' income statements and balance sheets into the home currency. Exchange rates may change, causing an increase in liabilities or a decrease in assets as measured in home country currency terms.
FOREX-Management of exposure risks
Translation Risk
• Gains or losses from exchange rate changes that
occur as a result of converting financial statements from one currency to another in order to consolidate them. • Every company having at least one subsidiary using a different functional currency bears translation risk. “MSDI has translation risk from having a subsidiary, MSDI Alcala de Henares, whose financial statements are kept in Spanish pesetas and not in U.S. dollars.”
FOREX-Management of exposure risks
Hedging Translation Risk
• Translation risk is hedged in the same ways as
transaction risk. • It appears as if investors are indifferent to foreign currency translation gains and losses.
1. Any currency, any amount, 1. Selected currencies, standard
any maturity contracts, standard maturities 2. Illiquid 2. Liquid 3. Self-regulated OTC market 3. Government-regulated 4. Contract with dealer exchange-based market 5. Requires credit-worthiness 4. Contract with exchange 6. Cash flow only at maturity 5. Requires margin account 7. Settled by executing 6. Marked to market daily contract 7. Settled by offsetting trade 8. Hedge by buying forward 8. Hedge by making a the short currency or selling forward the long transaction whose gains or currency losses offset those of the underlying position
FOREX-Management of exposure risks
Forward and Money Markets
• Money markets can always be used to synthesize
forward markets. • Money market rates are used to set forward market rates. • Money market transactions are likely to be more costly than forward market transactions, since three transactions having their own bid-ask spreads are required to duplicate one forward market transaction with one bid-ask spread. • Money market transactions appear on the balance sheet; forward market transactions do not.
FOREX-Management of exposure risks
Economic Risk
The effect of exchange rate changes on the long
term expected income streams, i.e., expected net wealth of home country stockholders. This risk is usually managed with physical location of assets and liabilities.
FOREX-Management of exposure risks
Economic Risk
• Changes in competitive position as a result of
permanent changes in exchange rates. • Every company buying or selling abroad or even just competing with foreign companies has economic risk. “Maybach has economic risk from manufacturing its automobiles in Germany for export to the United States, where it competes with Rolls Royces manufactured in England.”
FOREX-Management of exposure risks
CONCLUSION
By incorporating foreign exchange risk solutions
into broader business strategy, we can help protect your profitability by managing your exposure to exchange rates – whatever your risk appetite maybe.