Probability and Statistics

Book - Series K-2

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 Probability and statistics
Student Book - Series K 2

Contents

Topics Date completed

Topic 1 - Review of simple probability __/__/__

Topic 2 - Tree diagrams __/__/__
Topic 3 - Probability trees __/__/__
Topic 4 - Dot diagrams __/__/__
Topic 5 - Venn diagrams __/__/__
Topic 6 - Review of statistics __/__/__
Topic 7 - Measures of spread, standard deviation __/__/__
Topic 8 - Measures of spread, interquartile range __/__/__

Practice Tests

Topic 1 - Topic test A __/__/__

Topic 2 - Topic test B __/__/__

Author of The Topics and Topic Tests: AS Kalra

Probability and statistics

Mathletics Instant Workbooks – Series K 2 Copyright © 3P Learning
CHAPTER 5
Probability and
Probability andstatistics
statistics EXCEL YEARS 9 & 10 ADVANCED MATHS
Page 25
UNIT
Topic 1 - Review of simple 1: Review of simple probability
probability

QUESTION 1 A card is drawn at random from a normal pack of 52 cards. Find the probability that
the card is:
a a club _________________ b a black card ___________ c an ace ________________
d not a spade ____________ e a black ace ____________ f a red card ____________

QUESTION 2 From the letters of the word ‘CHANCE’, one letter is selected at random. What is the
probability that the letter is:
a a vowel? ______________ b a consonant? ___________ c the letter C? ___________

QUESTION 3 A die is thrown once. Find the probability that the number is:
a a five _________________________________ b an odd number ________________________
c a number greater than 2 ________________ d zero __________________________________
e a prime number ________________________ f a square number _______________________

QUESTION 4 A bag contains 6 yellow, 4 blue and 5 red balls. If a ball is drawn at random, find the
probability that it is:
a yellow ________________ b red ___________________ c blue __________________
d not yellow _____________ e white _________________ f either blue or red ______

QUESTION 5 A three-digit number is to be formed from the digits 1, 5 and 9, written on three sepa-
rate cards. What is the probability that the number:
a formed is even? ________________________ b is odd? _______________________________
c is less than 500? ________________________ d is divisible by 3? _______________________
e is divisible by 5? _______________________ f is greater than 100? ____________________

QUESTION 6 The numbers 1 to 7 are written on separate cards. One card is chosen at random. What
is the probability that:
a the number is odd? _____________________ b the number is even? ____________________
c it is 6? ________________________________ d it is zero? _____________________________
e it is a prime number? ___________________ f it is divisible by 3? _____________________

QUESTION 7 A letter is chosen from the word ‘PROBABILITY’. What is the probability that the letter is:
a a vowel? ______________ b a consonant? ___________ c the letter B? ___________
d the letter P or B?________ e the letter M? ___________ f the letter Y? ___________

Chapter 5: Probability and statistics 41

Probability and statistics

Mathletics Instant Workbooks – Series K 2 Copyright © 3P Learning
1
Probability
Probabilityand
andstatistics
statistics EXCEL YEARS 9 & 10 ADVANCED MATHS
Page 28

Topic 2 - Tree diagrams UNIT 2: Tree diagrams

QUESTION 1 A coin is tossed three times and the results noted. Use a tree diagram to find the
probability of:
a three heads
_______________________________________
b two heads and one tail in any order
_______________________________________
c at least one head
_______________________________________

QUESTION 2 There are four cards marked with the numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4. They are put in a box. Two
cards are selected at random, one after the other, to form a two-digit number. Draw a
tree diagram to find:
a how many different two-digit
numbers can be formed _________________
b the probability that the
number formed is less than 34 ___________
c the probability that the
number formed is divisible by 3 _________
d the probability that the
number formed is even _________________

QUESTION 3 Three red balls and two blue balls are placed in a bag. Two balls are selected at
random, without replacement. What is the probability of having:
a two red balls? __________________________
b two blue balls? _________________________
c one red ball and one blue ball? ___________

QUESTION 4 In a family of three children, use a tree diagram to find the probability of:
a three boys _____________________________
b two boys and one girl ___________________
c one boy and two girls ___________________
d the eldest child being a boy ______________
e the youngest child being a girl ___________
f three girls _____________________________

42 EXCEL ESSENTIAL SKILLS: YEAR 10 MATHS REVISION AND EXAM WORKBOOK 2 – EXTENSION

Probability and statistics

Mathletics Instant Workbooks – Series K 2 Copyright © 3P Learning
2
Probability and
Probability andstatistics
statistics EXCEL YEARS 9 & 10 ADVANCED MATHS
Pages 30–31

Topic 3 - Probability trees UNIT 3: Probability trees

QUESTION 1 A box contains 4 yellow and 5 black balls. A ball is drawn from the box and is not
replaced, then a second ball is drawn. Find the probability of:
a yellow then black being drawn ___________
b black then yellow being drawn __________
c both balls being yellow _________________
d both balls being black __________________
e drawing yellow and black in any order
_______________________________________

QUESTION 2 Diana has a box containing three red and two green marbles. She selects two marbles
at random. Find the probability of two green marbles if she replaces the first marble
before she draws the second.

QUESTION 3 Roger buys three tickets in a raffle in which there is a total of 20 tickets. There are two
prizes. Find the probability of him winning:
a first prize _____________________________
b first prize only _________________________
c both prizes ____________________________
d no prizes ______________________________
e at least one prize _______________________
f one prize only _________________________

QUESTION 4 A jar contains five white and six red jelly beans. Kylie takes a bean at random and eats
it. She then takes another jelly bean and eats it. What is the probability that:
a the first bean eaten is white?
_______________________________________
b the two beans eaten are both red?
_______________________________________

Chapter 5: Probability and statistics 43

Probability and statistics

Mathletics Instant Workbooks – Series K 2 Copyright © 3P Learning
3
Probability
Probabilityand
andstatistics
statistics EXCEL YEARS 9 & 10 ADVANCED MATHS
Pages 26–27

Topic 4 - Dot diagrams UNIT 4: Dot diagrams

QUESTION 1 A pair of dice is rolled 36 sample

1 2 3 4 5 6
points
simultaneously. Complete the
diagram to show the total number 1 1, 1
of 36 sample points. The first 2 1, 2
column has been done for you.
3 1, 3
4 1, 4
5 1, 5
6 1, 6

QUESTION 2 Use the above diagram to find the probability of each event listed below.
a a double three _________________________ b any double ___________________________
c a total of 9 _____________________________ d a sum greater than 10 _________________
e a sum of either 2 or 3 __________________ f a sum less than 5 _____________________
g the sum of the numbers is 7 _____________ h the two numbers are odd _______________
i the sum of the numbers is 10 ____________ j at least one 6 __________________________
k the sum of the numbers is greater than 12 __________

QUESTION 3 Suppose we wish to throw a total of 6. Which is the better chance — rolling one die or
two dice?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

QUESTION 4 What is the probability of rolling two even numbers in one roll of a pair of dice?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

QUESTION 5 A coin and a die are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability of throwing a head
and an odd number.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

QUESTION 6 If we want to throw a score of 3, which would give a better chance — rolling one die or
two dice?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

44 EXCEL ESSENTIAL SKILLS: YEAR 10 MATHS REVISION AND EXAM WORKBOOK 2 – EXTENSION

Probability and statistics

Mathletics Instant Workbooks – Series K 2 Copyright © 3P Learning
4
Probability and
Probability andstatistics
statistics EXCEL YEARS 9 & 10 ADVANCED MATHS
Pages 31–32

Topic 5 - Venn diagrams UNIT 5: Venn diagrams

QUESTION 1 From a normal pack of 52 playing cards, one card is selected at random. Draw a Venn
diagram to find the probability of the card being either a black card or an ace.

QUESTION 2 The numbers from 1 to 15 are written on 15 cards and out of these a card is chosen at
random. Draw a Venn diagram to find the probability of the number on the card being:
a less than 3 or divisible by 5

b less than 7 or divisible by 3

QUESTION 3 Two dice are thrown simultaneously. Draw a Venn diagram to find the probability of:
a a double or a total of 10

b a total that is either odd or less than 4

QUESTION 4 From a pack of 52 playing cards, a card is selected at random. Draw a Venn diagram to
find the probability of it being a heart or a queen.

Chapter 5: Probability and statistics 45

Probability and statistics

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5
Probability
Probabilityand
andstatistics
statistics EXCEL YEARS 9 & 10 INTERMEDIATE MATHS
Pages 141–143

Topic 6 - Review of statisticsUNIT 6: Review of statistics

QUESTION 1 Fifty families were surveyed to find how many children each family has and the
following set of data was obtained.
5 3 2 4 1 5 0 2 3 2 2 1 1 3 3
4 1 3 2 1 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 1 3 1
2 3 0 1 1 5 3 4 5 0 3 0 2 0 2
2 1 5 4 3

Score Frequency Cumulative

Tally
(x) (f ) frequency
a Complete the frequency distribution table.
0
b Draw a frequency histogram.
1
c Draw a frequency polygon.
d Draw a cumulative frequency histogram. 2

e Draw a cumulative frequency polygon. 3

Σf =
Cumulative frequency
Frequency

Score Score

QUESTION 2 For the frequency distribution given above, calculate:

a the mean ______________________________ b the mode _____________________________
c the range ______________________________ d the median ___________________________
e the relative frequencies__________________

46 EXCEL ESSENTIAL SKILLS: YEAR 10 MATHS REVISION AND EXAM WORKBOOK 2 – EXTENSION

Probability and statistics

Mathletics Instant Workbooks – Series K 2 Copyright © 3P Learning
6
Probability and
Probability andstatistics
statistics EXCEL YEARS 9 & 10 INTERMEDIATE MATHS
Pages 141–143, 151–152
UNIT
Topic 7 - Measures 7: Measures
of spread, ofdeviation
standard spread, standard deviation

QUESTION 1 Use your calculator to find the mean and standard deviation, correct to one decimal
place, for the following sets of scores. Also find the range of each set of scores.
a 2, 4, 8, 9, 10 b 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
_______________________________________ ______________________________________
c 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 d 35, 46, 48, 40, 36, 41, 42, 37
_______________________________________ ______________________________________
e 8, 3, 7, 3, 9, 5, 8, 8, 6, 9, 3, 6, 2, 3 f 5, 8, 10, 15, 15, 10, 8, 9, 18, 20, 18, 15, 10, 15
_______________________________________ ______________________________________

g Score 5 7 9 11 13 15
Frequency 8 5 7 8 3 6 _____________________________________________________

h Score 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Frequency 3 4 3 2 5 2 3 _____________________________________________

QUESTION 2 Five students sat for a mathematics test and a science test. Their marks are given
below.
Science 56 60 69 59 65
Mathematics 70 75 86 82 80
a Find the mean and standard deviation for each set of scores.
______________________________________________________________________________________
b Michael scored 69 in science and 86 in mathematics. Which was the better mark?
______________________________________________________________________________________
c If Matthew scored 65 in science and 80 in mathematics, in which subject did Matthew perform
better compared with the class average?
______________________________________________________________________________________
d Use your calculator to find the standard deviation and the mean for each test.
Test A 8 10 13 13 14 15 16 18 16 17 _________________________
Test B 3 11 15 15 9 10 7 16 16 19 _________________________
For which test would the result 16 be better compared with the class average?
______________________________________________________________________________________

Chapter 5: Probability and statistics 47

Probability and statistics

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Probability
Probabilityand
andstatistics
statistics EXCEL YEARS 9 & 10 INTERMEDIATE MATHS
Pages 141–143, 147–148

UNIT
Topic 8 - Measures 8: Measures
of spread, of spread,
interquartile range interquartile range

QUESTION 1 For the following set of scores, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 9, 10, 11, 12, 12, find:
a the 1st quartile (Q1) b the 2nd quartile (Q2) – (the median)
_______________________________________ ______________________________________
c the 3rd quartile (Q3) d the interquartile range
_______________________________________ ______________________________________

QUESTION 2 Complete the cumulative frequency table and draw a cumulative frequency histogram
from the completed table.

Score 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63
Frequency 1 2 4 6 7 12 8 5 3
Cumulative
frequency

From the graph find:

a the median
________________________________________
b the lower quartile
________________________________________
c the 80th percentile
________________________________________
d the interquartile range
________________________________________
e the mode
________________________________________

QUESTION 3 Find the interquartile range of the following sets of scores.

a 5, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 6, 8
______________________________________________________________________________________
b 8, 10, 12, 10, 12, 11, 13, 12, 10, 12, 10, 12, 10, 11, 13, 14, 13, 12, 10, 11
______________________________________________________________________________________

48 EXCEL ESSENTIAL SKILLS: YEAR 10 MATHS REVISION AND EXAM WORKBOOK 2 – EXTENSION

Probability and statistics

Mathletics Instant Workbooks – Series K 2 Copyright © 3P Learning
8
Probability and statistics
Topic
TOPICTest
TEST PART A1
SECTION
Probability
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andand statistics
This part consists of 10 multiple-choice questions
Probability
Each question is worth 1 mark
statistics
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Fill in only ONE CIRCLE for ALL
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Time allowed: 15 minutes • Fill in only ONE CIRCLE for each question Total marks = 10

Marks
Marks
1 From a pack of 52 cards, one card is drawn at random. Find the probability of
drawing a diamond.
1 2 1 3 1
A B C D
13 13 4 4
2 In a single throw of one die, find the probability of throwing an odd number.
1 1 1 2
A B C D 1
6 3 2 3
3 In a single throw of two dice, find the probability of throwing a double.
1 2 1 3 1
A B C D
6 3 2 4
4 For the set of scores, 5, 8, 3, 1, 9, 5, 6, 7, find the range.
A 6 B 7 C 8 D 9 1

5 For the set of scores, 10, 20, 50, 10, 60, what is the difference between the mean and
the mode?
A 10 B 20 C 30 D 40 1

6 The test marks of 10 students are 5, 9, 5, 7, 3, 7, 8, 7, 9, 7. What is the modal mark?

A 6 B 7 C 8 D 9 1

7 For the following set of scores, 3, 1, 4, 6, 5, 5, 7, 3, 4, 5, 4, 5, 7, the mode is

A 6 B 4.538 C 5 D 4 1

8 Find the range of the set of scores 8, 9, 12, 7, 9, 11, 8, 9, 5, 13, 7, 9.

A 7 B 9 C 4 D 8 1

9 The median of the numbers 6, 4, 9, 7, 4, 2, 8, is

A 8 B 6 C 5 D 4 1

10 The mean of the numbers 8, 10 and x is the same as the mean of the numbers 6, 8, 10
and 12. Find the value of x.
A 6 B 9 C 10 D 12 1

Total marks achieved for SECTION 1

10
Total marks achieved for PART A
10
Chapter 5: Probability and statistics Probability and statistics 49
Mathletics Instant Workbooks – Series K 2 Copyright © 3P Learning
9
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5 A 6 B 9 C 10Total marks achieved
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30 2
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What
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95 For A
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6, 7, find C
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Total of
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2 ESSENTIAL
throwing
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40
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4numbers for PART 1
1 B 22 –– EXTENSION
10
8
9 The
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Find
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median
6
of
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B 6
of
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REVISION
REVISION AND
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EXAM
10
WORKBOOK
WORKBOOK
115
EXTENSION
110
7 For
6 A
The
and
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61 following
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12.
6 marks
Find the of setstudents
10
value
of scores,
B
B of 7
7
2 are
x.
3, 1,
5, 4,
9, 6,
5, 5,
7, C
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7,
8
13,8, 4,
7, 5,
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7. 5,
What7, the D
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the
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is mark?
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1
4 5:For 10 and
the 5, 8, 20 30 40 for SECTION 1 149
10
Chapter
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Find 7
86 set
Probability
mean
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range
ofthescores,
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numbers
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set 9
6
3,
of
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Probability
9, 12, C7,
the
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and
9,
Total
4
5
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13,
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8
4 4numbers 6, 8, 10 1
11010
7 A
For 6
the following set B
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1
65 A
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Find of scores,
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9
20,
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Mathletics 50, are10,
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Workbooks 7, C
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4
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Chapter
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numbers 8,scores
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as the 1
8
7
A
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Find
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For
7
mode?
6
thethe range
following of the
set
B
set
B
of
9
of
4.538
scores, 3, 1, 4, 6, 5,
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C7,
5, 9,
7,
4
5 11,
3, 8,5,
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13,7,7,the
5,
of
D
D 9. the
8
4
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numbers 6, 8, 10
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1
5 For A 6
the set ofthescores, B
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Bof20,9
7x. 50, 10, 60, what C 10
8
C is 8the difference between D 12
9
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Chapter 5:and
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6 Find value 7 1
9 The
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Find
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8
Probability
median
10
7the
and statistics
range of the of numbers
the B
set 6
20
9
of 6, 4, 9,8,7,9,4,12,
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9, 5
30
4 11, 8, 9, 5, 13, 7, D 9. 4
40
8 1
7 For A the 6 following set B 4.538 3, 1, 4, 6, 5,C5, 7,5Total
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5, 4, 5, 7, achieved
D mode
the 4 for is SECTION 1 1
1