MATHEMATICS (EXTENSION 2)

2013 HSC Course Assessment Task 1

November 30, 2012

General instructions SECTION I

• Working time – 1 hour.
(plus 5 minutes reading time) • Mark your answers on the answer grid
provided on page 3.
• Write using blue or black pen. Where
diagrams are to be sketched, these may be
done in pencil. SECTION II

• Board approved calculators may be used.

• Commence each new question on a new page.
• Attempt all questions. Write on both sides of the paper.
• At the conclusion of the examination, bundle
the booklets + answer sheet used in the • All necessary working should be shown in
correct order within this paper and hand to every question. Marks may be deducted for
examination supervisors. illegible or incomplete working.

STUDENT NUMBER: .......................... # BOOKLETS USED: . . . . .

Class (please ✔)

12M4A – Mr Fletcher 12M4B – Mr Lam 12M4C – Ms Ziaziaris

Marker’s use only.

QUESTION 1–5 6 7 8 Total %

MARKS
5 15 15 15 50
2 2013 Mathematics (Extension 2) HSC Course Assessment Task 1

Section I: Objective response

Mark your answers on the multiple choice sheet provided. Marks

1. The point W on the Argand diagram below represents a number w where |w| = 1.5. 1
The number w−1 is best represented by
Im(z)

2
(A) P

b
(B) R
W
O
Re(z)
(C) S
−2 b b
2
b P R b

S T (D) T

−2

 
4π 4π
2. Which of the following gives the value of z if = 4 cos z2
+ i sin ? 1
3 3
√ √ √ √
(A) 3 + i or − 3 − i (C) 3 − i or 3 + i
√ √ √ √
(B) 1 − 3i or −1 + 3i (D) 1 − 3i or 1 + 3i

5π 5π
3. Let z = cos + i sin . What is the imaginary part of z − i? 1
6 6
i 3i 1 3
(A) − (B) − (C) − (D) −
2 2 2 2

NOVEMBER 30, 2012 NORTH SYDNEY BOYS’ HIGH SCHOOL

2013 Mathematics (Extension 2) HSC Course Assessment Task 1 3

4. What inequality given could define the shaded area? 1

Im(z)

−1

O
Re(z)
1

√ π
(A) |z − 1| ≤ 2 and 0 ≤ Arg(z − i) ≤ .
4
√ π
(B) |z − 1| ≤ 2 and 0 ≤ Arg(z + i) ≤ .
4
π
(C) |z − 1| ≤ 1 and 0 ≤ Arg(z − i) ≤ .
4
π
(D) |z − 1| ≤ 1 and 0 ≤ Arg(z + i) ≤ .
4

5. Which of the following statement(s) is false, given z = a + ib where a 6= 0 and 1

b 6= 0?

(A) z − z = 2bi (C) |z| + |z| = |z + z|

(B) |z|2 = |z| |z| (D) Arg(z) + Arg(z) = 0

Answer grid for Section I

Mark answers to Section I by fully blackening the correct circle, e.g “●”

1– A B C D

2– A B C D

3– A B C D

4– A B C D

5– A B C D

End of Section I.
Examination continues overleaf.

NORTH SYDNEY BOYS’ HIGH SCHOOL NOVEMBER 30, 2012

4 2013 Mathematics (Extension 2) HSC Course Assessment Task 1

Section II: Short answer

Glossary

• Z = {· · · , −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, · · · } – set of all integers.

• Z+ – all positive integers (excludes zero)

• R – set of all real numbers

Question 6 (15 Marks) Commence a NEW page. Marks

4 + 3i
(a) Find the exact value of a and b if √ = a + ib such that a, b ∈ R. 2
1 + 2i
√
(b) i. Express z = 1 + i 3 in modulus-argument form. 2
ii. Hence show that z 10 + 512z = 0. 2
  
π π 5π 5π
(c) Given z1 = 4 cos + i sin and z2 = 2 cos + i sin
12 12 12 12
# » # » # »
i. On an Argand diagram, draw the vectors OA, OB, OC 2
representing z1 , z2 and z1 + z2 respectively.
ii. Hence or otherwise, find |z1 + z2 | in simplest exact form. 2

(d) i. Solve z 4 + 1 = 0, giving your answers in modulus-argument form. 3

ii. Plot these solutions on the Argand diagram. 1
iii. Find the exact area of the quadrilateral that they form. 1

NOVEMBER 30, 2012 NORTH SYDNEY BOYS’ HIGH SCHOOL

2013 Mathematics (Extension 2) HSC Course Assessment Task 1 5

Question 7 (15 Marks) Commence a NEW page. Marks

1
(a) i. If z = cos θ + i sin θ, show that z n +
= 2 cos nθ. 1
zn
1 √ 1
ii. Given that z + = 2, find the value of z 10 + 10 . 2
z z

(b) Given that 1,
ω and ω 2 are
the cube roots of unity, find the value of 3
1 + 2ω + 3ω 2 1 + 2ω 2 + 3ω .

(c) i. Solve w2 = −11 − 60i for w, writing your answer in the form w = x + iy 2
where x, y ∈ R.
ii. Hence or otherwise, solve the equation 3

z 2 − (1 + 4i)z − (1 − 17i) = 0

(d) In the Argand diagram below, vectors a, b, c represent the complex numbers
z1 , z2 and z1 + z2 respectively, where z1 = cos θ + i sin θ and z1 + z2 = (1 + i)z1 .

Im
C

B c

b A

a
Re
O

i. Express z2 in terms of z1 , and show that OACB is a square. 2

ii. Show that (z1 + z2 ) (z1 − z2 ) = 2i. 2

NORTH SYDNEY BOYS’ HIGH SCHOOL NOVEMBER 30, 2012

6 2013 Mathematics (Extension 2) HSC Course Assessment Task 1

Question 8 (15 Marks) Commence a NEW page. Marks

(a) i. On the same diagram, sketch the locus of both |z − 2| = 2 and |z| = |z − 4i|. 2
ii. What is the complex number represented by the point of intersection of 1
these two loci?

(b) i. On an Argand diagram, sketch the locus of the point P representing z such 2
that  √ 
 
z − 3+i =1

ii. Find the set of possible values of |z| and the set of possible values for Arg z. 2

(c) Let z = x + iy, where x, y ∈ R be the complex number satisfying the inequality 4

zz + (1 − 2i)z + (1 + 2i)z ≤ 4

Sketch the locus of z on an Argand diagram.

π
(d) arg(z − 2) = arg(z + 2) + is the locus of the point P representing z on an
4
Argand diagram.
i. Show with a diagram why this locus is an arc of a circle. 2
ii. Find the centre and radius of this circle. 2

End of paper.

NOVEMBER 30, 2012 NORTH SYDNEY BOYS’ HIGH SCHOOL

2013 Mathematics (Extension 2) HSC Course Assessment Task 1 7

BLANK PAGE

NORTH SYDNEY BOYS’ HIGH SCHOOL NOVEMBER 30, 2012

8 2013 Mathematics (Extension 2) HSC Course Assessment Task 1

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NOVEMBER 30, 2012 NORTH SYDNEY BOYS’ HIGH SCHOOL

2013 Mathematics (Extension 2) HSC Course Assessment Task 1 9

Suggested Solutions (c) i. (2 marks)

Im(z)
C(z1 + z2 )
Section I b

1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (B) 5. (C) B(z2 )

b

2π
3
b
A(z1 )

2
5π
12 π
Section II 12
Re(z)
b
4
O
Question 6 (Ziaziaris)
ii. (2 marks) In OACB,
(a) (2 marks) 4π π
∠AOB = =
12 3
4 + 3i √ As OACB is a parallelogram, then
√ × 1−√2i
1 + 2i 1− 2i ∠OBC = π − π3 = 2π3 . Applying the
√ √
cosine rule in △OBC,
4+3 2+i 3−4 2
=
1+2 OC 2 = |z1 + z2 |
√ √ !
4+3 2 3−4 2 2π
= +i = 22 + 42 − 2(2)(4) cos
3 3   3
√ √ ! 1
4+3 2 3−4 2 = 20 − 8 × − = 28
a= b= 2
3 3 √ √
∴ OC = |z1 + z2 | = 28 = 2 7

(b) i. (2 marks) (d) i. (3 marks)

z4 + 1 = 0
√  π π
z = 1 + i 3 = 2 cos + i sin z 4 = −1
3 3
Letting z = cos θ + i sin θ,
ii. (2 marks)
(cos θ + i sin θ)4
 π π 10 = cos(π + 2kπ) + i sin(π + 2kπ)
z 10 = 210 cos + i sin
 3 3  By De Moivre’s Theorem,
10 10π 10π
=2 cos + i sin
3 3 ∴ cos θ + i sin θ
     
10 −2π −2π π + 2kπ π + 2kπ
=2 cos + i sin = cos + i sin
3 3 4 4
 π π
512z = 512 × 2 cos + i sin where k = 0, 1, 2, 3
 3 3
10 π π π π
=2 cos + i sin z1 = cos + i sin k=0
3 3   4  
4
10 3π 3π
∴ z + 512z
√ √ ! z2 = cos + i sin k=1
4 4
10 1 3 1 3    
=2 − −i + +i −3π −3π
2 2 2 2 z3 = cos + i sin k=2
4 4
=0 
−π
 
−π

z4 = cos + i sin k=3
4 4

NORTH SYDNEY BOYS’ HIGH SCHOOL LAST UPDATED DECEMBER 10, 2012
10 2013 Mathematics (Extension 2) HSC Course Assessment Task 1

ii. (1 mark) Also, ω 3 = 1. Use these properties to

Im(z) reduce higher powers of ω to lower powers:



1 1 + 2ω + 3ω 2 1 + 2ω 2 + 3ω
z2 z1 ✘
✘✘
 
✘+
b b

= ✘ 1+✘ω ω 2 + ω + 2ω 2

✘✘ ✘ 
π π
✘ω
1+ ✘+ ω 2 + ω 2 + 2ω
4 4
Re(z) ✘
π π


−1 4 4 1 = 2ω 2 + ω ω 2 + 2ω
b b
= ω 2 (2ω + 1) (ω + 2)
z3 z4

−1 = ω 2 2ω 2 + 5ω + 2
= 2ω 4 + 5ω 3 + 2ω 2
iii. (1 mark) Shape formed is a = 2ω ω 3 + 5ω 3 + 2ω 2
rhombus, with diagonals of length
= 2ω + 5 + 2(−ω − 1)
2
=5−2=3
1 1
A = xy = × 2 × 2 = 2
2 2
(c) i. (2 marks)
Question 7 (Fletcher)
ω 2 = −11 − 60i
(a) i. (1 mark)
Let ω = x + iy
z = cos θ + i sin θ
∴ z n = cos nθ + i sin nθ ∴ (x + iy)2 = −11 − 60i
z −n = cos(−nθ) + i sin(−nθ) x2 − y 2 + i(2xy) = −11 − 60i
= cos nθ − i sin nθ Equating real and imaginary parts,
∴ z n + z −n = 2 cos(nθ) (
x2 − y 2 = −11 (1)
ii. (2 marks)
2xy = −60 (2)
1 √
z+ = 2 = 2 cos θ
z √ From (2),
2 1
∴ cos θ = =√ xy = −30
2 2
π 30
∴θ= y=−
4 x
 2
Now, −30
∴ x2 − = −11
x
1 900
z 10 + 10 = 2 cos(10θ) x2 − 2 = −11
z   x
 π 5π
∴ 2 cos 10 × = 2 cos x − 900 = −11x2
4
4 2
π x4 + 11x2 − 900 = 0
= 2 cos = 0
2
Letting u = x2 ,

(b) (3 marks) u2 + 11u − 900 = 0

1, ω, ω 2 are cube roots of unity, i.e. (u + 36)(u − 25) = 0u = −36, 25
3
ω −1=0 ∴ x2 = 25


(ω − 1) ω 2 + ω + 1 = 0 x = ±5 y = ∓6
2
∴ ω = −ω − 1 ∴ ω = ±(5 − 6i)

LAST UPDATED DECEMBER 10, 2012 NORTH SYDNEY BOYS’ HIGH SCHOOL
2013 Mathematics (Extension 2) HSC Course Assessment Task 1 11

ii. (3 marks) • As c is the diagonal of

a square, then C will be
z 2 − (1 + 4i)z − (1 − 17i) = 0
p representing
√ the complex
(1 + 4i) ± (1 + 4i)2 + 4(1 − 17i) number 2 (cos θ + i sin θ).
z=
p 2 • Also, b − a is also the diagonal
(1 + 4i) ± 1 + 8i + 16i2 + 4(1 − 17i) of the square OACB,
√ it will also
=
2 have modulus 2. In addition, it
√
(1 + 4i) ± −15 + 8i + 4 − 68i is a rotation of −90◦ of the vector
= c, hence b − a (representing the
√ 2
(1 + 4i) ± −11 − 60i complex number z1 − z2 ) is
=
2 √   π  π 
(1 + 4i) ± (5 − 6i) 2 cos θ − + i sin θ −
= 2 2
2
• z1 − z2 is therefore
Positive solution:
√   π  π 
1 + 4i + 5 − 6i 2 cos θ − − i sin θ −
z=
2 √  π 2   π 2 
6 − 2i = 2 cos − θ + i sin −θ
= =3−i 2 2
2
• Multiplying z1 + z2 with z1 − z2 ,
Negative solution: √
2 (cos θ + i sin θ)
1 + 4i − (5 − 6i) √  π  π 
z=
2 × 2 cos − θ + i sin −θ
−4 + 10i  2 2
= = −2 + 5i π π
2 = 2 cos + i sin
2 2
= 2i
(d) i. (2 marks)
Alternatively, expand via
z1 + z2 = (1 + i)z1
algebraic method:
z1 + z2 = z1 + iz1
∴ z2 = iz1 z2 = iz1


(z1 + z2 ) (z1 − z2 ) = (z1 + iz1 ) z1 − iz1
• Hence z2 is a rotation of z1 by
90◦ , i.e. ∠AOB = π2 . = z1 (1 + i)z1 (1 − i)
• As OA = OB and ∠AOB = 90◦ , = z1 z1 (1 + i)2
OACB is a square.
= |z1 |2 ×2i = 2i
|{z}
ii. (2 marks) =1

Question 8 (Lam)
Im
C (a) i. (2 marks)
Im(z)
|z| = |z − 4i|
B 2
c
b−a
b A
b
Re(z)
a 2 4
Re
O
b−a −2
B2
|z − 2| = 2

NORTH SYDNEY BOYS’ HIGH SCHOOL LAST UPDATED DECEMBER 10, 2012
12 2013 Mathematics (Extension 2) HSC Course Assessment Task 1

ii. (1 mark) • arg(z − 2) = θ results in a

2 + 2i straight line, commencing at
x = 2 where the line makes an
angle of θ with the positive x axis
(b) i. (2 marks) (similarly for arg(z + 2) = φ).
Im(z)
• Angle between the line from
z = 2 & z = −2 respectively is
2 π
4.
y
2 1
1 b
b b
3
√

π π π
6 1 b
4 4
b

π π π
6 4 4
Re(z)
√ b b

3 π π
4 b
4
b b

ii. (2 marks) π π
4 4
π bc b bc x
0 ≤ Arg z ≤ 1 ≤ |z| ≤ 3
3 −2 2π4
• Hence the locus is a major arc
(c) (4 marks) of a circle above the x axis with
AB being a chord of the circle,
zz + (1 − 2i)z + (1 + 2i)z ≤ 4
excluding z = −2 and z = 2.
Let z = x + iy. Then z = x − iy: ii. (2 marks)
y
(x + iy)(x − iy)
+ (1 − 2i)(x + iy) + (1 + 2i)(x − iy)
π
= x + y 2 + x + 2y + i(−2x + y)
2 4

+ x + 2y + i(2x − y)
= x + y 2 + 2x + 4y
2
b

= x2 + 2x + 1 + y 2 + 4y + 4 − 5 ≤ 4 r
2
∴ (x + 1) + (y + 2) ≤ 9 2 r
bc bc x
Locus is the disc with centre (−1, −2) and 4
r = 3:
• One of these “angles at the
Im(z)
circumference” will be made by
−4 1 2 the diameter of the circle. Hence
Re(z) the angle at the centre of the
−1 circle will be π2 .
b
−2
• By Pythagoras’ Theorem on the
right angled triangle,
−5
r 2 + r 2 = 42
2r 2 = 16
(d) i. (2 marks) r2 = 8
√
π ∴r=2 2 C (0, 2)
arg(z − 2) − arg(z + 2) =
4

LAST UPDATED DECEMBER 10, 2012 NORTH SYDNEY BOYS’ HIGH SCHOOL