SM CH07

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7–1. Determine the resultant internal normal force acting

1–1. 5 kip
kN 8 kN
on the cross section through point A in each column. In
(a), segment BC weighs 300 lb>ft and segment CD weighs
180 kg/m
B
250 lb>ft. In
400 kg/m. In(b),
(b),the
thecolumn
columnhas
hasaamass
massof
of200
200kg >m.
kg/m. 200 mm 200 mm
6 kN 6 kN
(a) + c ©Fy = 0; FA - 1.0
4.7 - 3 - 3 - 1.8
8.8 - 5 = 0
10
3m ft 3m
FA = 24.5
13.8 kN
kip Ans. 8200
in. 8200
in.mm
mm 200 mm 200 mm
(b) + c ©Fy = 0; FA - 4.5 - 4.5 - 5.89 - 6 - 6 - 8 = 0 3 kip
kN 3 kip
kN 4.5 kN 4.5 kN
C
FA = 34.9 kN Ans.
4 ftm
1.2
5 kN A A
4 ftm
1.2 1m
0.300(9.81)(3)
D
= 8.8 kN
3 kN 3 kN (a) (b)
0.400(9.81)(1.2)
= 4.7 kN
7–2. Determine the resultant internal torque acting on the

1–2. A
cross sections through points C and D. The support bearings 250 N�m
at A and B allow free turning of the shaft.
150 N�m
©Mx = 0; TC - 250 = 0 300 mm C
400 N�m
250 N # m
200 mm
TC = Ans.
150 mm
©Mx = 0; TD = 0 Ans. 200 mm D B
250 mm
150 mm
7–3. Determine the resultant internal torque acting on the

1–3.
cross sections through points B and C.
A 600 N�m
lb�ft
©Mx = 0; TB + 350 - 500 = 0 B
350 N�m
lb�ft
N ·# ft
TB = 150 lb m Ans. 0.39 ftm
C
©Mx = 0; TC - 500 = 0
ft
0.31 m 500 N�m
lb�ft
lb ·# ft
TC = 500 N m Ans. 0.26 ftm
0.26 ftm
350 N · m 500 N · m
500 N · m
4351
SM_CH07A.indd 435 4/11/11 9:52:37 AM

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This materialisisprotected
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material may
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*7–4. A force of 80 N is supported by the bracket as

*1–4.
shown. Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on
the section through point A. 0.3 m
A
30�
0.1 m
80 N 45�
Equations of Equilibrium:
+
Q©Fx¿ = 0; NA - 80 cos 15° = 0
NA = 77.3 N Ans.
a+ ©Fy¿ = 0; VA - 80 sin 15° = 0
VA = 20.7 N Ans.
a+ ©MA = 0; MA + 80 cos 45°(0.3 cos 30°)
- 80 sin 45°(0.1 + 0.3 sin 30°) = 0
MA = - 0.555 N # m Ans.
or
a+ ©MA = 0; MA + 80 sin 15°(0.3 + 0.1 sin 30°)
-80 cos 15°(0.1 cos 30°) = 0
MA = - 0.555 N # m Ans.
Negative sign indicates that MA acts in the opposite direction to that shown on FBD.
2436
SM_CH07A.indd 436 4/11/11 9:52:38 AM

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••7–5.
1–5. Determine the resultant internal loadings in the 315kip
kN
beam at cross sections through points D and E. Point E is
1.5 kip/ ft
25 kN/m
just to the right of the 3-kip
15-kNload.
load.
A
D B E C
62 ft
m 26m
ft 4 ftm
1.5 4 ftm
1.5
Support Reactions: For member AB
a + ©MB = 0; 50(4/3)
9.00(4) –-AA
y(4) = 0= 0
y(12) Ayy ==16.67 kN
3.00 kip
: ©Fx = 0;
+
Bx = 0
+ c ©Fy = 0; By ++ 16.67
3.00 –- 50 = 0= 0
9.00 Byy == 33.33
6.00 kip
kN
Equations of Equilibrium: For point D
: ©Fx = 0;
+
ND = 0 Ans.
+ c ©Fy = 0; 3.00 -– 12.5

16.67 2.25 –-VV
DD==0 0
VDD == 4.17
V kN
0.750 kip Ans.
a + ©MD = 0; MD ++ 12.25( 2 - 3.00(6)

2.25(2) 0
3 ) – 16.67(2) = 0
MD == 25.17 kN #· ftm
13.5 kip Ans.
Equations of Equilibrium: For point E
: ©Fx = 0;
+
NE = 0 Ans.
+ c ©Fy = 0; –33.33
- 6.00 -– 15
3 -– V
VEE=
= 00
VEE == –48.33
- 9.00 kN
kip Ans.
a + ©ME = 0; ME ++33.33(1.5)
M 6.00(4) ==00
ME = –50.00 kN #· ft
- 24.0 kip m Ans.
Negative signs indicate that ME and VE act in the opposite direction to that shown
on FBD.
1
2 (25)(4) = 50 kN 15 kN 1 33.33 kN 15 kN
2 (12.5)(2) = 12.5 kN
1.5 m
2m 2m 4 2
8 4 3 m 3 m
3 m 3 m
16.67 kN
4373
SM_CH07A.indd 437 4/11/11 9:52:39 AM

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1–6.
7–6. Determine the normal force, shear force, and moment B
at a section through point C. Take P = 8 kN .
0.1 m
Support Reactions: 0.5 m
C A
a + ©MA = 0; 8(2.25) - T(0.6) = 0 T = 30.0 kN
: ©Fx = 0;
+ 0.75 m 0.75 m 0.75 m
30.0 - A x = 0 A x = 30.0 kN
P
+ c ©Fy = 0; Ay - 8 = 0 A y = 8.00 kN
Equations of Equilibrium: For point C
: ©Fx = 0;
+
- NC - 30.0 = 0
NC = - 30.0 kN Ans.
+ c ©Fy = 0; VC + 8.00 = 0
VC = - 8.00 kN Ans.
a + ©MC = 0; 8.00(0.75) - MC = 0
MC = 6.00 kN # m Ans.
Negative signs indicate that NC and VC act in the opposite direction to that shown
on FBD.
1–7.
7–7. The cable will fail when subjected to a tension of 2 kN. B
Determine the largest vertical load P the frame will support
and calculate the internal normal force, shear force, and
moment at the cross section through point C for this loading. 0.1 m
0.5 m
C A
Support Reactions:
0.75 m 0.75 m 0.75 m
a + ©MA = 0; P(2.25) - 2(0.6) = 0
P
P = 0.5333 kN = 0.533 kN Ans.
: ©Fx = 0;
+
2 - Ax = 0 A x = 2.00 kN
+ c ©Fy = 0; A y - 0.5333 = 0 A y = 0.5333 kN
: ©Fx = 0;
+
- NC - 2.00 = 0
NC = - 2.00 kN Ans.
+ c ©Fy = 0; VC + 0.5333 = 0
VC = - 0.533 kN Ans.
a + ©MC = 0; 0.5333(0.75) - MC = 0
MC = 0.400 kN # m Ans.
Negative signs indicate that NC and VC act in the opposite direction to that shown
on FBD.
4438
SM_CH07A.indd 438 4/11/11 9:52:39 AM

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Allrights
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*1–8.
*7–8. Determine the resultant internal loadings on the 6 kN
cross section through point C. Assume the reactions at 3 kN/m
the supports A and B are vertical.
Referring to the FBD of the entire beam, Fig. a,

A B
1 C D
a + ©MB = 0; - A y(4) + 6(3.5) + (3)(3)(2) = 0 A y = 7.50 kN
2
1.5 m 1.5 m
0.5 m 0.5 m
Referring to the FBD of this segment, Fig. b,
: ©Fx = 0;
+
NC = 0 Ans.
+ c ©Fy = 0; 7.50 - 6 - VC = 0 VC = 1.50 kN Ans.
a + ©MC = 0; MC + 6(0.5) - 7.5(1) = 0 MC = 4.50 kN # m Ans.
••7–9.
1–9. Determine the resultant internal loadings on the 6 kN
cross section through point D. Assume the reactions at 3 kN/m

A B
C D
1
a + ©MA = 0; By(4) - 6(0.5) - (3)(3)(2) = 0 By = 3.00 kN
2 1.5 m 1.5 m
0.5 m 0.5 m
: ©Fx = 0;
+
ND = 0 Ans.
1
+ c ©Fy = 0; VD - (1.5)(1.5) + 3.00 = 0 VD = - 1.875 kN Ans.
2
(1.5)(1.5)(0.5) - MD = 0 MD = 3.9375 kN # m
1
a + ©MD = 0; 3.00(1.5) -
2
= 3.94 kN # m Ans.
4395
SM_CH07A.indd 439 4/11/11 9:52:40 AM

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2010 Pearson
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1–10.
7–10. The boom DF of the jib crane and the column DE D B A F
have aauniform
uniformweight
wieghtofof
50750
lb/ft.N/m.
If theIfhoist
the and
hoistload
andweigh
load
weigh
300 lb, 1500 N, determine
determine the resultant
the resultant internal in
internal loadings loadings in
the crane 2 ft 2.4
8 ftm 0.9
3 ftm
thecross
on cranesections
on crossthrough
sectionspoints
throughA, B,points
and C.A, B, and C. 1.5
5 ftm 0.6 m
C
1500 N
300 lb
2.1
7 ftm
Equations of Equilibrium: For point A 0.750(0.9) = 0.675 kN
; © Fx = 0;
+
NA = 0 Ans.
+ c © Fy = 0; VA –-0.675
150 - 300 == 00
– 1.500
0.45 m 0.45 m
VA == 2.175
450 lbkN Ans. 1.500 kN
a + ©MA = 0; –M
- MAA –-0.675(0.45)
150(1.5) -– 300(3)
1.500(0.9)
= 0= 0
lb #· ftm = - 1.125 kip # ft

0.750(3.3) = 2.475 kN
MA == –1.654
- 1125kN Ans.
Negative sign indicates that MA acts in the opposite direction to that shown on FBD.
1.65 m 1.65 m
Equations of Equilibrium: For point B
1.500 kN
; © Fx = 0;
+
NB = 0 Ans.
+ c © Fy = 0; VBB –- 2.475
550 -– 1.5
300==0 0
0.750(3.9) = 2.925 kN
VBB = 3.98
850 kN
lb Ans.
a + © MB = 0; - MBB–-2.475(1.65)
–M 550(5.5) -– 300(11)
1.500(3.3)
= =0 0 0.750(1.5) = 1.125 kN
MBB = –9.034
M lb # ·ftm= - 6.325 kip # ft
- 6325kN Ans. 1.95 m 1.95 m
1.500 kN
Negative sign indicates that MB acts in the opposite direction to that shown on FBD.
; © Fx = 0;
+
VC = 0 Ans.
+ c © Fy = 0; - NCC –-1.125
–N 250 –- 2.925
650 -– 1.500
300 ==00
NCC == –5.55
- 1200
kNlb = - 1.20 kip Ans.
a + ©MC = 0; –M
- MCC –-2.925(1.95)
650(6.5) -– 300(13)
1.500(3.9)
= =0 0
MC –=11.554 lb ·# ft
- 8125kN m = - 8.125 kip # ft Ans.
Negative signs indicate that NC and MC act in the opposite direction to that shown
on FBD.
6440
SM_CH07A.indd 440 4/11/11 9:52:40 AM

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2010Pearson
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1.11.
1–11.
7–11. The force FF== 400
The force 80 lbN acts
acts on
on the
the gear
gear tooth. a
� 400
FF  N
80 lb
Determine the resultant internal loadings on the root of the
tooth, i.e., at the centroid point A of section a–a. 30
30�
Equations of Equilibrium: For section a–a
+
Q©Fx¿ = 0; VA –-400
80 cos 15° = 0
5.75
0.23mm
in.
VA = 386.37
77.3 lb N Ans.
A
a+ ©Fy¿ = 0; NA –-400
80 sin 15° = 0 4 mm
0.16 in.
103.53
NA = 20.7 lb N Ans.
a + ©MA = 0; -
–MMAA –-400
80 sin 15°(0.16) ++ 400
sin 15°(0.004) 80 cos
cos15°(0.23) = 0= 0
15°(0.00575)
45
45�
1.808lbN# in.
MA = 14.5 ·m Ans. a
400 N
0.00575 m
0.004 m
*1–12.
*7–12. The sky hook is used to support the cable of a 0.2 m 0.2 m
scaffold over the side of a building. If it consists of a smooth
B
rod that contacts the parapet of a wall at points A, B, and C,
determine the normal force, shear force, and moment on 0.2 m 0.2 m
the cross section at points D and E.
D E
Support Reactions:
0.3 m 0.2 m
+ c ©Fy = 0; NB - 18 = 0 NB = 18.0 kN
A C
d+ ©MC = 0; 18(0.7) - 18.0(0.2) - NA(0.1) = 0
NA = 90.0 kN 0.3 m
: ©Fx = 0;
+
NC - 90.0 = 0 NC = 90.0 kN
Equations of Equilibrium: For point D 18 kN
: © Fx = 0;
+
VD - 90.0 = 0
VD = 90.0 kN Ans.
+ c © Fy = 0; ND - 18 = 0
ND = 18.0 kN Ans.
d+ © MD = 0; MD + 18(0.3) - 90.0(0.3) = 0
MD = 21.6 kN # m Ans.
Equations of Equilibrium: For point E
: © Fx = 0;
+
90.0 - VE = 0
VE = 90.0 kN Ans.
+ c © Fy = 0; NE = 0 Ans.
d + © ME = 0; 90.0(0.2) - ME = 0
ME = 18.0 kN # m Ans.
4417
SM_CH07A.indd 441 4/11/11 9:52:41 AM

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•7–13.
•1–13. The 800-lb
4-kN loadloadisisbeing
beinghoisted
hoisted atat aa constant speed M
M
using the
the motor
motorM, M,which
whichhas hasa weight
a weight ofof
0.45
90kN.lb. Determine
the resultant internal loadings acting on the cross section 1.5
0.45ft m
through point B in the beam. The beam has a weight of A
A
0.6
40 lb >ft and
kN/m and
is is fixedtotothe
fixed thewall
wallatatA.A. D
D C
C B
B
4 ftm
1.2 4 ftm
1.2 3 ftm
0.9 3 ftm
0.9 4 ftm
1.2
: ©Fx = 0;
+ –NN ( 42 )0.4
- BB– - = 0= 0
0.25 ftm
0.075
N = –2-kN
NBB = 0.4 kip Ans.
+ c ©Fy = 0; VBB –- 40.8

V – 0.6(1.2)
- 0.16 ==00
V = 4.72
VBB = 0.960kN
kip Ans.
a + ©MB = 0; BB– -
–MM
- 0.6(1.2)(0.6) – 4(1.275)++ 0.4(1.5)
0.16(2) - 0.8(4.25) 2(0.45) ==00
MBB =
M = 4.632
- 3.12kN # ft
kip· m Ans.
0.45 m
4 kN
0.675 m
0.6 m 4 kN
7–14. Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on

1–14. M
M
the cross section through points C and D of the beam in
7–13.
Prob. 1–13. 0.45ftm
1.5
A
A
D
D C
C B
B
1.2
4 ftm 1.2
4 ftm 0.9
3 ftm 0.9
3 ftm 1.2
4 ftm
For point C:
0.075
0.25 ftm
; ©Fx = 0;
+ 4
NCC ++ (0.4
2 ) ==0;0; NC == –2-kN
N 0.4kip Ans.
+ c ©Fy = 0; VC =- –0.8
V 4 –-0.6(2.1)
0.04 (7) = 0;
= 0; VCC == 5.26
V 1.08kN
kip Ans.
a + ©MC = 0; - CC– -
–MM 4(2.175) – 0.6(2.1)(1.05)
0.8(7.25) + 2(0.45)
- 0.04(7)(3.5) =0 = 0
+ 0.4(1.5)
MC ==–9.123
M kip·# m
- 6.18 kN ft Ans.
For point D:
; ©Fx = 0;
+
ND = 0 Ans. 2 kN
0.45 m
+ c ©Fy = 0; VDD -– 0.45

0.09 –-0.6(4.2)
0.04(14)–4 -= 0;
0.8 = 0; VD == 6.97
V 1.45kN
kip Ans.
0.6(2.1) = 1.26 kN
a + ©MD = 0; –M
-D - 0.09(4)
M–D0.45(1.2) - 0.04(14)(7)– 4(4.275)
– 0.6(4.2)(2.1) - 0.8(14.25)
=0 = 0 1.05 m 1.125 m
MD = - 15.7kN
M=D –22.932 # ft
kip· m Ans.
4 kN
0.45 kN
1.2 m
0.6(4.2) = 2.52 kN
4 kN
2.1 m 2.175 m
8442
SM_CH07A.indd 442 4/11/11 9:52:42 AM

©©2011
2010Pearson
PearsonEducation,
Education,Inc.,
Inc.,Upper
UpperSaddle
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Allrights
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Thismaterial
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1–15.
7–15. Determine the resultant internal loading on the 20 N
cross section through point C of the pliers. There is a pin at 120 mm 40 mm
A, and the jaws at B are smooth. 15 mm
C
+ c ©Fy = 0; - VC + 60 = 0; VC = 60 N Ans.
B
: ©Fx = 0;
+ A
NC = 0 Ans.
D
+d ©MC = 0; - MC + 60(0.015) = 0; MC = 0.9 N.m Ans.
80 mm
30�
20 N
*1–16.
*7–16. Determine the resultant internal loading on the 20 N
cross section through point D of the pliers. 120 mm 40 mm
15 mm
R+ ©Fy = 0; VD - 20 cos 30° = 0; VD = 17.3 N Ans. C
+ b©Fx = 0; ND - 20 sin 30° = 0; ND = 10 N Ans. B

A
+d ©MD = 0; MD - 20(0.08) = 0; MD = 1.60 N.m Ans.
D
80 mm
30�
20 N
4439
SM_CH07A.indd 443 4/11/11 9:52:43 AM

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2010 Pearson
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1–17.
••7–17. Determine resultant internal loadings acting on
section a–a and section b–b. Each section passes through 5 kN
B
the centerline at point C.
b
Referring to the FBD of the entire beam, Fig. a, a
1.5 m
a + ©MA = 0; NB sin 45°(6) - 5(4.5) = 0 NB = 5.303 kN C
1.5 m
Referring to the FBD of this segment (section a–a), Fig. b, 45�
b a
+ b©Fx¿ = 0; Na - a + 5.303 cos 45° = 0 Na - a = - 3.75 kN Ans. 45�
A 3m
+a ©Fy¿ = 0; Va - a + 5.303 sin 45° - 5 = 0 Va - a = 1.25 kN Ans.
a + ©MC = 0; 5.303 sin 45°(3) - 5(1.5) - Ma - a = 0 Ma - a = 3.75 kN # m Ans.
Referring to the FBD (section b–b) in Fig. c,
; ©Fx = 0;
+
Nb - b - 5 cos 45° + 5.303 = 0 Nb - b = - 1.768 kN
= - 1.77 kN Ans.
+ c ©Fy = 0; Vb - b - 5 sin 45° = 0 Vb - b = 3.536 kN = 3.54 kN Ans.
a + ©MC = 0; 5.303 sin 45° (3) - 5(1.5) - Mb - b = 0
Mb - b = 3.75 kN # m Ans.
10
444
SM_CH07A.indd 444 4/11/11 9:52:44 AM

©©2011
2010Pearson
PearsonEducation,
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1–18.
7–18. The bolt shank is subjected to a tension of 400
80 lb.
N
Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on the
cross section at point C. C
6 in.
150 mm
90�
A B
Segment AC:
: ©Fx = 0;
+
NC ++ 400
N 80 = 0;
0; NCC == –400
- 80 N
lb Ans.
150 mm
+ c ©Fy = 0; VC = 0 Ans.
400 N
a + ©MC = 0; MC ++ 400(0.150)(6)
80(6) = 0; = M = –60lbN# in.
=C -480
0 C M ·m Ans.
1–19.
7–19. Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on 100 kN/m
6 kip/ft 100 kN/m
6 kip/ft
the cross section through point C. Assume the reactions at
A C B
D
13 m
ft 13 m
ft 26 m
ft

1 2 11 10
a + ©MB = 0; (6)(6)(2) +b + (6)(6)(10)
(100)(2)a (100)(2)a - bA–y(12)
Ay(4)==00 AAyy = 100
18.0kN
kip
2 3 22 3
: ©Fx = 0;
+
NC = 0 Ans.
11
+ c ©Fy = 0; 18.0–- (50)(1)
100 (3)(3)– -(50)(1)
(3)(3)– -VCVC= 0
= 0VC =V25
C kN
= 4.50 kip Ans.
22
11 2
a + ©MC = 0; (3)(3)(1.5) + (50)(1)a
MC ++ (50)(1)(0.5) (3)(3)(2)b-– 100(1)
18.0(3)==0 0
22 3
MC == 58.33 kN #· ft
31.5 kip m Ans.
2
1 1 m
2 (100)(2) kN 2 (100)(2) kN 3
1 50 (1) kN
2 (50)(1) kN
0.5 m
50 kN/m
2 8 2
3 m 3 m 3 m 1m
Ay = 100 kN
11
445
SM_CH07A.indd 445 4/11/11 9:52:45 AM

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lawsasasthey
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material may
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from the
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publisher.
*1–20.
*7–20. Determine the resultant internal loadings acting 6 kip/ft
100 kN/m 6 kip/ft
100 kN/m
on the cross section through point D. Assume the reactions
at the supports A and B are vertical.
Referring to the FBD of the entire beam, Fig. a, A B

C D
1 2 1 1 10
a + ©MB = 0; (6)(6)(2)a +b +(6)(6)(10)
(100)(2) (100)(2)a- Ab y–(12) = =0 0 AA
Ay(4) y y== 18.0
100 kN
kip
2 3 2 2 3 13 m
ft 13 m
ft 26 m
ft
: ©Fx = 0;
+
ND = 0 Ans.
11
+ c ©Fy = 0; 100 –- (100)(2)
18.0 (6)(6) –- VVDD ==0 0 VD =VD0 = 0 Ans.
22
kip ·# m
2
a + ©MA = 0; MD –-(100)a
18.0 (2)b = 0
0 MMDD ==66.67
36.0 kN ft Ans.
3
1
2 (100)(2) kN
1 1
2 (100)(2) kN 2 (100)(2) kN
2
3 m
Ay = 100 kN
2 8 2
3 m 3 m 3 m
•1–21. The forged steel clamp exerts a force of F = 900 N 200 mm

on the wooden block. Determine the resultant internal
loadings acting on section a–a passing through point A. F � 900 N
Internal Loadings: Referring to the free-body diagram of the section of the clamp
shown in Fig. a, a
F � 900 N
©Fy¿ = 0; 900 cos 30° - Na - a = 0 Na - a = 779 N Ans.
A
©Fx¿ = 0; Va - a - 900 sin 30° = 0 Va - a = 450 N Ans. 30�
a + ©MA = 0; 900(0.2) - Ma - a = 0 Ma - a = 180 N # m Ans.

a
12
446
SM_CH07A.indd 446 4/11/11 9:52:46 AM

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1–31.
7–21. The column is subjected to an axial force of 8 kN, 8 kN
which is applied through the centroid of the cross-sectional
area. Determine the average normal stress acting at section 75 mm
a–a. Show this distribution of stress acting over the area’s 10 mm 75 mm
10 mm
cross section.
10 mm 70 mm
70 mm
a
a
A = (2)(150)(10) + (140)(10)
= 4400 mm2 = 4.4 (10-3) m2
P 8 (103)
s = = = 1.82 MPa Ans.
A 4.4 (10 - 3)
7–22. The lever is held to the fixed shaft using a tapered

*1–32. B 12 mm
pin AB, which has a mean diameter of 6 mm. If a couple is
applied to the lever, determine the average shear stress in
A
the pin between the pin and lever.
250 mm 250 mm
20 N 20 N
a + ©MO = 0; - F(12) + 20(500) = 0; F = 833.33 N
V 833.33
tavg = = p 6 = 29.5 MPa Ans.
A 2
4 (1000 )
21
447
SM_CH07A.indd 447 4/11/11 9:52:47 AM

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lawsasasthey
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material may
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means, without
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the publisher.
publisher.
1–33. The bar has a cross-sectional area A and is

••7–23.
subjected to the axial load P. Determine the average P P
normal and average shear stresses acting over the shaded
u
section, which is oriented at u from the horizontal. Plot the
A
variation of these stresses as a function of u 10 … u … 90°2.
Equations of Equilibrium:
R+ ©Fx = 0; V - P cos u = 0 V = P cos u
Q+ ©Fy = 0; N - P sin u = 0 N = P sin u
A
Average Normal Stress and Shear Stress: Area at u plane, A¿ = .
sin u
N P sin u P
s = = A
= sin2 u Ans.
A¿ sin u
A
V P cos u
tavg = = A
A¿ sin u
P P
= sin u cos u = sin 2u Ans.
A 2A
*7–24. The built-up shaft consists of a pipe AB and solid

1–34. A B 6 kN
4 kN C
rod BC. The pipe has an inner diameter of 20 mm and outer 8 kN
diameter of 28 mm. The rod has a diameter of 12 mm. D 6 kN E
Determine the average normal stress at points D and E and
represent the stress on a volume element located at each of
these points.
At D:
P 4(103)
sD = = 2
= 13.3 MPa (C) Ans.
A p
4 (0.028 - 0.02 2)
At E:
P 8(103)
sE = = = 70.7 MPa (T) Ans.
A p
4 (0.012 2)
22
448
SM_CH07A.indd 448 4/11/11 9:52:47 AM

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7–25.
1–35. The bars of the truss each have a cross-sectional B C
area of 780
1.25mmin2.2.Determine
Determine the
the average
average normal
normal stress in
each member due to the loading P == 40 kN. State whether
8 kip.
the stress is tensile or compressive. 3 ftm
0.9
A E D
4 ftm
1.2 4 ft
1.2 m
0.75 P
P
Joint A: FAB = 66.67 kN
FAB 3 FAE = 53.333 kN

13.33
66.67(10 )
sAB = = = 10.7
= 85.47 (T)
ksi MPa (T) Ans.
A AB 1.25
780
40 kN
FAE 3
10.67
53.333(10 )
sAE = = = 8.53= ksi
68.376 MPa
(C) (C) Ans.
A AE 1.25780 FEB =30 kN
FED = 53.333 kN
Joint E:
FED 3
10.67
53.333(10 ) 30 kN
sED = = = 8.53= ksi (C)
68.376 MPa (C) Ans.
A ED 1.25780
FEB 30(103)
6.0
sEB = = = 4.80 ksi MPa
= 38.462 (T) (T) Ans. FBC =146.67 kN
A EB 1.25
780
66.67 kN FBD =176.67 kN
30 kN
Joint B:
FBC 146.67(103)
29.33
sBC = = = 23.5= ksi
188.034 (T)
MPa (T) Ans.
A BC 1.25780
FBD 3
23.33
116.67(10 )
sBD = = = 18.7= ksi
149.573 MPa
(C) (C) Ans.
A BD 1.25780
23
449
SM_CH07A.indd 449 4/11/11 9:52:48 AM

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Saddle River,
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lawsasasthey
theycurrently
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exist. NoNo portion
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publisher.
7–26. The bars of the truss each have a cross-sectional

*1–36. B C
area of 780
1.25mmin2.2.IfIfthe
the maximum
maximum average
average normal
normal stress in
any bar
bar isisnot
nottotoexceed
exceed140
20MPa, determine the
ksi, determine the maximum
magnitude P of the loads that can be applied to the truss. 0.9
3 ftm
A E D
1.2
4 ftm 1.2 m
4 ft
0.75 P
P
Joint A:
3
+ c ©Fy = 0; - P + a b FAB = 0
5
FAB = (1.667)P
: ©Fx = 0;
+ 4
- FAE + (1.667)Pa b = 0
5
FEB =30 kN
FAE = (1.333)P
53.333 kN FED = 53.333 kN
Joint E:
30 kN
+ c ©Fy = 0; FEB - (0.75)P = 0
FEB = (0.75)P
: ©Fx = 0;
FBC =146.67 kN
+
(1.333)P - FED = 0
66.67 kN FBD =116.67 kN
30 kN
FED = (1.333)P
Joint B:
3 3
+ c ©Fy = 0; a b FBD - (0.75)P - (1.667)Pa b = 0
5 5
FBD = (2.9167)P
(2.917)P
: ©Fx = 0;
+ 4 4
- –(2.9167)Pa
FBC
FBC (2.917) b - (1.667)P a b = 0
5 5
FBC = (3.67)P
(3.667)P
The highest stressed member is BC:

(3.67)P
(3.667)P(103)
sBC = = 20= 140
1.25
780
P = 6.82
29.78kip
kN Ans.
24
450
SM_CH07A.indd 450 4/11/11 9:52:48 AM

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•1–37. The plate has a width of 0.5 m. If the stress distri-

•7–27. 4m
bution at the support varies as shown, determine the force P P
applied to the plate and the distance d to where it is applied. d
s � (15x1/2) MPa 30 MPa
The resultant force dF of the bearing pressure acting on the plate of area dA = b dx
= 0.5 dx, Fig. a,
1 1
dF = sb dA = (15x2)(106)(0.5dx) = 7.5(106)x2 dx
L
+ c ©Fy = 0; dF - P = 0
4m
L0
1
7.5(106)x2 dx - P = 0
P = 40(106) N = 40 MN Ans.
Equilibrium requires
L
a + ©MO = 0; xdF - Pd = 0
4m
L0
1
x[7.5(106)x2 dx] - 40(106) d = 0
d = 2.40 m Ans.
25
451
SM_CH07A.indd 451 4/11/11 9:52:49 AM

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publisher.
1–38. The two members used in the construction of an

*7–28. 37.5
1.5 mm
in. 30
30�
aircraft fuselage are joined together using a 30° fish-mouth
weld. Determine the average normal and average shear 4 kN
800 lb 251 mm
in. 4 kN
800 lb
stress on the plane of each weld. Assume each inclined 251 mm
in.
2 kN.
plane supports a horizontal force of 400 lb.
30
30�
N –-2 400
N sin 30° = 0; = 0;
sin 30° N ==1200
kN lb
2400
coscos – V-=V0; = 0;
30°30° V ==1.732 kNlb
346.41
1.5(1)
37.5(25)
A9 5
A¿ = in2 mm2
=531875
sin
sin30°
30°
2 kN
N 200 3)
1(10
=
s =
5 = =66.7 psi kPa
533.33 Ans. 2 kN
A¿ 3
1875
V 1.732(103)
346.41
t = =
5 = 923.76
= 115 psi kPa Ans.
A¿ 31875
7–29. If the block is subjected to the centrally applied

1–39. 150 mm 50 mm
force of 600 kN, determine the average normal stress in the 600 kN 100 mm
150 mm 100 mm
material. Show the stress acting on a differential volume
50 mm
element of the material. 150 mm
150 mm
The cross-sectional area of the block is A = 0.6(0.3) - 0.3(0.2) = 0.12 m2.
P 600(103)
savg = = = 5(106) Pa = 5 MPa Ans.
A 0.12
The average normal stress distribution over the cross-section of the block and the
state of stress of a point in the block represented by a differential volume element
are shown in Fig. a
26
452
SM_CH07A.indd 452 4/11/11 9:52:49 AM

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7–30.
*1–40. The pins on the frame at B and C each have a 13 m
ft 13 m
ft
6 mm.
diameter of 0.25 in. IfIf these
these pins
pins are
are subjected to double 500kN
2.5 lb
A
shear, determine the average shear stress in each pin.
13 m
ft
Support Reactions: FBD(a)
a + ©Mg = 0; 2.5(2) ++1.5(1)

500(6) 300(3) -y(2)
–D Dy =(6)0 = 0 B C
Dyy == 3.25
650 kN
lb
1.5 m
0.5 ft 1.5 m
0.5 ft
13 m
ft
; ©Fx = 0;
+
500–-ExE=x 0
2.5 = 0 Ex == 2.5
500kN
lb
300kN
1.5 lb
E
+ c ©Fy = 0; 3.25 -
650 300– -
– 1.5 = 0
EyE=y 0 Eyy == 1.75
350 kN
lb D
From FBD (c),
a + ©MB = 0; (3)–-1.5(0.5)
Cy(1) = 0 = 0
300(1.5) Cyy == 0.75
150 kN
lb
2.5 kN
+ c ©Fy = 0; Byy ++ 0.75

150 –-1.5
300 = 0
= 0 150 kN
Byy = 0.75
B lb
1m
From FBD (b)
a + ©MA = 0; 0.75(0.5) ++ Bxx(1)

150(1.5) (3) –-3.25(1)
650(3)==0 0 1.5 kN 1m
Bx ==2.875 kN
575 lb
1m 1m
From FBD (c),
: ©Fx = 0;
+
Cx –-2.875
575 = 0
0 Cx == 2.875
575 lbkN
87522 ++ 0150
Hence, FB = FC == 22.575 .7522 == 2.971
594.24kN
lb
2.5 kN
Average shear stress: Pins B and C are subjected to double shear as shown on FBD (d)
V 297.12 3)
1.4855(10 1m
(tB)avg = (tC)avg = = p p 2
4 (0.25
A 4 (6 )
0.5 m 0.5 m
= 6053
5 52.5 psi2 = 6.05 ksi
N/mm Ans. 1m 1.5 kN
0.5 m 0.5 m
3.25 kN
V = 1.4855 kN
FB = FC = 2.971 kN
27
453
SM_CH07A.indd 453 4/11/11 9:52:51 AM

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means, without
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•1–41. Solve Prob. 7–30

•7–31. 1–40 assuming that pins B and C are 13 m
ft 13 m
ft
subjected to single shear. 500kN
2.5 lb
A
13 m
ft
B C
Support Reactions: FBD(a) 1.5 m

0.5 ft 1.5 m
0.5 ft
13 m
ft
a + ©Mg = 0; 500(6)++1.5(1)
2.5(2) – D-y(2)
300(3) Dy = 0 = 0
(6)
300kN
1.5 lb
E
Dy == 3.25
650 kN
lb D
; ©Fx = 0;
+
500–-ExE=x 0
2.5 = 0 Exx ==2.5
500kN
lb
+ c ©Fy = 0; 3.25
650 -– 1.5
300– -
EyE=y 0
= 0 Ey == 1.75
350 kN
lb 2.5 kN
From FBD (c), 1m
a + ©MB = 0; y(1)
CC – 1.5(0.5)
y (3) = 0 = 0 CyC=y 0.75
- 300(1.5) kNlb
= 150
1.5 kN 1m
+ c ©Fy = 0; By ++ 0.75
150 –-1.5 = 0
300 = 0 Byy == 0.75
150 kN
lb
From FBD (b) 1m 1m
d+ ©MA = 0; 0.75(0.5) ++ Bx(1)

150(1.5) (3) –-3.25(1)
650(3)==0 0
BBx x==2.875
575 kN
lb
From FBD (c), 2.5 kN
: ©Fx = 0;
+
Cx –-2.875
575 = 0
0 = 575kN
CxC=x 2.875 lb
1m
22 22
Hence, FB = FC = 0.75 == 2.971
.875 ++ 150
= 22575 594.24kN
lb
0.5 m 0.5 m
Average shear stress: Pins B and C are subjected to single shear as shown on FBD (d) 1m 1.5 kN
V 594.24 3)
2.971(10
(tB)avg = (tC)avg = = p p 22
4 (0.25
A 4 (6 ) 0.5 m 0.5 m
2
5 105.1 N/mm
= 12106 psi = 12.1 ksi Ans. 3.25 kN
V = 2.971 kN
FB = FC = 2.971 kN
28
454
SM_CH07A.indd 454 4/11/11 9:52:51 AM

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1–42. The pins on the frame at D and E each have a

*7–32. 31 ft
m 31 ft
m
diameter of 0.25
6 mm.in. IfIf these
these pins
pins are
are subjected
subjected to double 500kN
2.5 lb
A
shear, determine the average shear stress in each pin.
31 ft
m
B C
1.5 m
0.5 ft 1.5 m
0.5 ft
31 ft
m
300kN
1.5 lb
a + ©ME = 0; 500(6)++1.5(1)
2.5(2) – D-y(2)
300(3) =0= 0
Dy(6) E
D
Dyy = 3.25
D kN
650 lb
; ©Fx = 0;
+
2.5 –-EE
500 x= = 0
x 0 Exx == 2.5
500kN
lb
2.5 kN
+ c ©Fy = 0; 3.25 -– 1.5
650 300– -EyE=y 0
= 0 350 kN
Eyy = 1.75
E lb
1m
Average shear stress: Pins D and E are subjected to double shear as shown on FBD
(b) and (c).
FF 1.5 kN 1m
DD
For Pin D, FD = Dyy == 3.25 lb then
650 kN DD==
thenVV z ==325 lb kN
1.625
2
VD 325 3)
1.625(10
(pD)avg = = p p 22 1m 1m
4 (0.25)
AD 4 (6 )
2
=
5 57.47 = 6.62
N/mm
6621 psi ksi Ans.
F Fg VD = 1.625 kN
.52 2++1.75
For Pin E, FE = 2 2500 35022
==3.05 kN lb
610.32 then VEV=E =g z= =
then 1.525 kN lb
305.16
2
VE 305.16 3)
1.525(10
(tE)avg = = p p 22
4 (0.25
4 (6 ))
AE
FD = 3.25 kN
=5 6217 psi = 26.22 ksi
53.9 N/mm Ans.
FE = 3.05 kN
VE = 1.525 kN
29
455
SM_CH07A.indd 455 4/11/11 9:52:52 AM

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1–43. Solve Prob.*7–32

7–33. 1–42 assuming that pins D and E are 31 ft
m 31 ft
m
subjected to single shear. 500kN
2.5 lb
A

31 ft
m
a + ©ME = 0; 500(6)++1.5(1)
2.5(2) – D-y(2)
300(3) =0= 0
Dy(6)
B C
Dyy = 3.25
650 kN
lb
; ©Fx = 0;
+ 1.5 m
0.5 ft 1.5 m
0.5 ft
2.5 –-EE
500 x= = 0
x 0 EEx x= =2.5500
kNlb 31 ft
m
+ c ©Fy = 0; 650– -1.5300

3.25 - =Ey0 = 0
– Ey y y= =
EE 350kN
1.75 lb 300kN
1.5 lb
E
D
Average shear stress: Pins D and E are subjected to single shear as shown on FBD
(b) and (c).
For Pin D, VD = FD = Dy = 650

3.25lb
kN 2.5 kN
VD 650 3)
3.25(10 1m
(tD)avg = = p p 22
4 (0.25
4 (6 ))
AD
2
= 114.9.1
5 N/mm
13242 psi = 13.2 ksi Ans. 1.5 kN 1m
For Pin E, VE = FE = .52 2++1.75

= 2 2500 35022
==3.05 kN lb
610.32
1m 1m
VE 610.32 3)
3.05(10
(tE)avg = = p p 22
AE 4 (6 ))
4 (0.25
= 107.9
5 psi =2 12.4 ksi
12433N/mm Ans. VD = 3.25 kN FE = 3.05 kN
FD = 3.25 kN VE = 3.05 kN
7–34.
*1–44. AA85-kg
175-lbwoman
womanstands
standson
on aa vinyl
vinyl floor
floor wearing
stiletto high-heel shoes. If the heel has the dimensions
shown, determine the average normal stress she exerts on
the floor and compare it with the average normal stress
developed when a man having the same weight is wearing
flat-heeled shoes. Assume the load is applied slowly, so that
dynamic effects can be ignored. Also, assume the entire
weight is supported only by the heel of one shoe.
Stiletto shoes:
1.2mm
30 in. 0.3mm
7.5 in.
11 2 2 0.1
2.5 in.
mm
A5
A (p)(0.3)2 ++ 15(2.5)
= (p)(7.5) (0.6)(0.1) = 0.2014
5 125.86 mmin
22
0.5 mm
12.5 in.
P 85(9.81)N
175 lb 2
s5
s = 5
= 6.625
= 5869 psi mm Ans.
A 125.86 in2 2
0.2014 mm
Flat-heeled shoes:
Flat-heeled shoes:
1
A 5 1 (p)(30)2 + 60(12.5) 5 2163.7 mm2
A = 2 (p)(1.2)2 + 2.4(0.5) = 3.462 in2
2
P 85(9.81)N
s 5 P 5 175 lb 2 5 0.385 mm2
s = A = 2163.7 mm = 50.5 psi Ans.
A 3.462 in2
30
456
SM_CH07A.indd 456 4/11/11 9:52:53 AM

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1–45.
••7–35. The truss is made from three pin-connected 500 lb
2.5 kN
members having the cross-sectional areas shown in the 3 ftm
0.9
figure. Determine the average normal stress developed in C
B
each member when the truss is subjected to the load shown. AABC
BC�500 in.2 2
0.8 mm
State whether the stress is tensile or compressive.
mmin.22
m2
� 0.6
.2
Joint B:
 400
m
00in
10.5
FAB 625
AAC
3 4 ftm
1.2
3.125(10 )
sAB = = = 417 5 N/mm2
psi3.125(C) (C) Ans.
�

AAC
A AB 1.51000
AB
A
FBC 375
1.875(103)
sBC = = = 469 5 N/mm2
psi3.516(T) (T) Ans.
A BC 0.8 500
Joint A:
A
œ
FAC 500 3)
2.5(10
sAC = = = 833
5 6.25 (T) 2
psi N/mm (T) Ans.
A AC 0.6400
2.5 kN
FBC = 1.875 kN
FAB = 3.125 kN
FAC = 2.5 kN
3.125 kN
*7–36.
1–46. Determine the average normal stress developed in
links AB and CD of the smooth two-tine grapple that
A C
supports the log having a mass of 3 Mg. The cross-sectional 20�
area of each link is 400 mm2.
B E D
+ c ©Fy = 0; 2(F sin 30°) - 29.43 = 0

0.2 m
F = 29.43 kN
a + ©ME = 0; P cos 20°(0.2) - (29.43 cos 30°)(1.2) + (29.43 sin 30°)(0.4 cos 30°) 1.2 m
= 0
P = 135.61 kN 30� 30�

0.4 m
P 135.61(103)
s = = = 339 MPa Ans.
A 400(10 - 6)
31
457
SM_CH07A.indd 457 4/11/11 9:52:54 AM

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1–47. Determine the average shear stress developed in pins

7–37.
A and B of the smooth two-tine grapple that supports the log
A C
having a mass of 3 Mg. Each pin has a diameter of 25 mm and 20�
is subjected to double shear.
B E D
+ c ©Fy = 0; 2(F sin 30°) - 29.43 = 0

0.2 m
F = 29.43 kN
a + ©ME = 0; P cos 20°(0.2) - (29.43 cos 30°)(1.2) + (29.43 sin 30°)(0.4 cos 30°) 1.2 m
= 0
P = 135.61 kN 30� 30�

135.61(103)
0.4 m
V 2
tA = tB = = p 2
= 138 MPa Ans.
4 (0.025)
A
7–38.
*1–48. The beam is supported by a pin at A and a short
link BC. If P = 15 kN, determine the average shear stress
developed in the pins at A, B, and C. All pins are in double P 4P 4P 2P
shear as shown, and each has a diameter of 18 mm. 0.5m 0.5 m
1m 1.5 m 1.5 m
C
30�
B
A
For pins B and C:

V 82.5 (103)
tB = tC = = p 18 2 = 324 MPa Ans.
A 4 (1000 )
For pin A:
FA = 2 (82.5)2 + (142.9)2 = 165 kN
V 82.5 (103)
tA = = p 18 2 = 324 MPa Ans.
A 4 (1000 )
32
458
SM_CH07A.indd 458 4/11/11 9:52:56 AM

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1–49. The beam is supported by a pin at A and a short

••7–39.
link BC. Determine the maximum magnitude P of the loads
the beam will support if the average shear stress in each pin P 4P 4P 2P
is not to exceed 80 MPa. All pins are in double shear as 0.5m 0.5 m
shown, and each has a diameter of 18 mm. 1m 1.5 m 1.5 m
C
30�
B
A
a + ©MA = 0; 2P(0.5) + 4P(2) + 4P(3.5) + P(4.5) - (TCB sin 30°)(5) = 0
TCB = 11P
: ©Fx = 0;
+
A x - 11P cos 30° = 0
A x = 9.5263P
+ c ©Fy = 0; A y - 11P + 11P sin 30° = 0
A y = 5.5P
FA = 2 (9.5263P)2 + (5.5P)2 = 11P
Require;
V 11P>2
t = ; 80(106) = p 2
4 (0.018)
A
P = 3.70 kN Ans.
33
459
SM_CH07A.indd 459 4/11/11 9:52:56 AM

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*7–40.
1–50. The block is subjected to a compressive force of 50 mm
2 kN. Determine the average normal and average shear
stress developed in the wood fibers that are oriented along a
section a–a at 30° with the axis of the block.
150 mm 2 kN
2 kN
30�
a
Force equilibrium equations written perpendicular and parallel to section a–a gives
+ Q©Fx¿ = 0; Va - a - 2 cos 30° = 0 Va - a = 1.732 kN
+ a©Fy¿ = 0; 2 sin 30° - Na - a = 0 Na - a = 1.00 kN
0.15
The cross sectional area of section a–a is A = a b(0.05) = 0.015 m2. Thus
sin 30°
Na - a 1.00(103)
(sa - a)avg = = = 66.67(103)Pa = 66.7 kPa Ans.
A 0.015
Va - a 1.732(103)
(ta - a)avg = = = 115.47(103)Pa = 115 kPa Ans.
A 0.015
34
460
SM_CH07A.indd 460 4/11/11 9:52:56 AM

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1–51. During the tension test, the wooden specimen is

7–41. P
subjected to
to an
anaverage
averagenormal
normalstress
stressofof
15 2MPa.
ksi. Determine
the axial force P applied to the specimen. Also, find the
average shear stress developed along section a–a of
the specimen.
a
4 in.
100 mm a
50 2mm
in.
125in.mm
Internal Loading: The normal force developed on the cross section of the middle
portion of the specimen can be obtained by considering the free-body diagram
shown in Fig. a.
P P 100 4mm
in.
+ c ©Fy = 0; + - N = 0 N = P
2 2
Referring to the free-body diagram shown in fig. b, the shear force developed in the
shear plane a–a is
P
P P
+ c ©Fy = 0; - Va - a = 0 Va - a =
2 2
Average Normal Stress and Shear Stress: The cross-sectional area of the specimen is
2
A == 25(50) in2. We
1(2) ==21250 mmhave
. We have
N P P
savg = ; = 3) =
2(10
15
A 1250 2
P 4(103N
P ==18750 )lb= =18.75
4 kip
kN Ans.
4(103)
P 18.75 3
Using the result of P, Va - a = =
5 5=9.375
2(10kN.
) lbThe
. Thearea
areaofofthe
theshear
shearplane
planeisis
2 22
2 2
a - a==50(100)
Aa–a 2(4) = =85000
in . We
mmobtain
. We obtain
Va - a 2(103) 3)
9.375(10
A ta - a B avg = = = 250 psi N/mm2
5 1.875 Ans.
Aa - a 85000
35
461
SM_CH07A.indd 461 4/11/11 9:52:57 AM

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*1–52. If the joint is subjected to an axial force of

7–42.
P = 9 kN, determine the average shear stress developed in P
each of the 6-mm diameter bolts between the plates and the
members and along each of the four shaded shear planes.
P
100 mm
100 mm
Internal Loadings: The shear force developed on each shear plane of the bolt and
the member can be determined by writing the force equation of equilibrium along
the member’s axis with reference to the free-body diagrams shown in Figs. a. and b,
respectively.
©Fy = 0; 4Vb - 9 = 0 Vb = 2.25 kN
©Fy = 0; 4Vp - 9 = 0 Vp = 2.25 kN
Average Shear Stress: The areas of each shear plane of the bolt and the member
p
are A b = (0.0062) = 28.274(10 - 6)m2 and A p = 0.1(0.1) = 0.01 m2, respectively.
4
We obtain
Vb 2.25(103)
A tavg B b = = = 79.6 MPa Ans.
Ab 28.274(10 - 6)
Vp 2.25(103)
A tavg B p = = = 225 kPa Ans.
Ap 0.01
36
462
SM_CH07A.indd 462 4/11/11 9:52:58 AM

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1–53.
••7–43. The average shear stress in each of the 6-mm diameter
bolts and along each of the four shaded shear planes is not P
allowed to exceed 80 MPa and 500 kPa, respectively.
Determine the maximum axial force P that can be applied
to the joint.
P
100 mm
100 mm
Internal Loadings: The shear force developed on each shear plane of the bolt and
the member can be determined by writing the force equation of equilibrium along
the member’s axis with reference to the free-body diagrams shown in Figs. a. and b,
respectively.
©Fy = 0; 4Vb - P = 0 Vb = P>4
©Fy = 0; 4Vp - P = 0 Vp = P>4
Average Shear Stress: The areas of each shear plane of the bolts and the members
p
are A b = (0.0062) = 28.274(10 - 6)m2 and A p = 0.1(0.1) = 0.01m2, respectively.
4
We obtain
Vb P>4
A tallow B b = ; 80(106) =
Ab 28.274(10 - 6)
P = 9047 N = 9.05 kN (controls) Ans.
Vp P>4
A tallow B p = ; 500(103) =
Ap 0.01
P = 20 000 N = 20 kN
37
463
SM_CH07A.indd 463 4/11/11 9:52:59 AM

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1–54.
*7–44. The shaft is subjected to the axial force of 40 kN. 40 kN
Determine the average bearing stress acting on the collar C
and the normal stress in the shaft.
30 mm
40 mm
Referring to the FBDs in Fig. a,
+ c ©Fy = 0; Ns - 40 = 0 Ns = 40 kN
+ c ©Fy = 0; Nb - 40 = 0 Nb = 40 kN
Here, the cross-sectional area of the shaft and the bearing area of the collar are
p p
A s = (0.032) = 0.225(10 - 3)p m2 and A b = (0.04 2) = 0.4(10 - 3)p m2. Thus,
4 4
Ns 40(103)
A savg B s = = = 56.59(106) Pa = 56.6 MPa Ans.
As 0.225(10 - 3)p
Nb 40(103)
A savg B b = = = 31.83(106)Pa = 31.8 MPa Ans.
Ab 0.4(10 - 3)p
38
464
SM_CH07A.indd 464 4/11/11 9:52:59 AM

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1–55.
7–45. Rods AB and BC each have a diameter of 5 mm. If
the load of P = 2 kN is applied to the ring, determine the
average normal stress in each rod if u = 60°. A
u
P
B
Consider the equilibrium of joint B, Fig. a,
: ©Fx = 0;
+
2 - FAB sin 60° = 0 FAB = 2.309 kN C
+ c ©Fy = 0; 2.309 cos 60° - FBC = 0 FBC = 1.155 kN
p
The cross-sectional area of wires AB and BC are A AB = A BC = (0.0052)
4
= 6.25(10 - 6)p m2. Thus,
FAB 2.309(103)
A savg B AB = = = 117.62(106) Pa = 118 MPa Ans.
A AB 6.25(10 - 6)p
FBC 1.155(103)
A savg B BC = = = 58.81(106) Pa = 58.8 MPa Ans.
A BC 6.25(10 - 6)p
39
465
SM_CH07A.indd 465 4/11/11 9:52:59 AM

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7–46.
*1–56. Rods AB and BC each have a diameter of 5 mm.
Determine the angle u of rod BC so that the average
normal stress in rod AB is 1.5 times that in rod BC. What is A
the load P that will cause this to happen if the average u
normal stress in each rod is not allowed to exceed 100 MPa?
P
B
Consider the equilibrium of joint B, Fig. a,
+ c ©Fy = 0; FAB cos u - FBC = 0 (1)
: ©Fx = 0;
+
P - FAB sin u = 0 (2)
p C
The cross-sectional area of rods AB and BC are A AB = A BC = (0.0052)
4
= 6.25(10 - 6)p m2. Since the average normal stress in rod AB is required to be
1.5 times to that of rod BC, then
A savg B AB = 1.5 A savg B BC

FAB FBC
= 1.5 a b
A AB A BC
FAB FBC
-6
= 1.5 c d
6.25(10 )p 6.25(10 - 6)p
FAB = 1.5 FBC (3)
Solving Eqs (1) and (3),
u = 48.19° = 48.2° Ans.
Since wire AB will achieve the average normal stress of 100 MPa first when P
increases, then
FAB = sallow A AB = C 100(106) D C 6.25(10 - 6)p D = 1963.50 N
Substitute the result of FAB and u into Eq (2),
P = 1.46 kN Ans.
40
466
SM_CH07A.indd 466 4/11/11 9:53:00 AM

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1–57. The specimen failed in a tension test at an angle of

••7–47.
52�
52
the axial
52° when the axialload
loadwas
was19.80
100 kN.
kip.IfIf the
the diameter
diameter of the
specimen is 12 0.5 mm, determine the
in., determine the average normal and
average shear stress acting on the area of the inclined 0.5mm
12 in.
failure plane. Also, what is the average normal stress acting
on the cross section when failure occurs?
+
b © Fx = 0; V –-100
V 19.80
coscos =0= 0
52°52°
V ==61.57
12.19kN
kip
+a © Fy = 0; N –-100 sin sin

19.80 52°52°
= 0= 0
100 kN
N ==78.80
N kNkip
15.603
Inclined plane:
P 15.603 3)
78.80(10
s¿ = ; s9 5
s¿ = p(6)22
5 549.05
= 62.6 ksi MPa Ans.
A p(0.25)
sinsin
52°52°
œ V œ 12.19 3)
61.57(10
tavg = ; 5 = p(0.25)
tavg
s9 p(6)2
2 =5
48.9 ksi MPa
428.96 Ans.
A
sin 52°
52°
Cross section:
P 19.803)
100(10
s = ; s =
s 5 = 884.2
5 MPa
101 ksi Ans.
A p(6)2 2
p(0.25)
V
tavg = ; tavg = 0 Ans.
A
1–58.
*7–48. The anchor bolt was pulled out of the concrete wall P
and the failure surface formed part of a frustum and
cylinder. This indicates a shear failure occurred along the
cylinder BC and tension failure along the frustum AB. If
the shear and normal stresses along these surfaces have the A
magnitudes shown, determine the force P that must have
been applied to the bolt. 45� 45�
50 mm
Average Normal Stress:
3 MPa 3 MPa
B
For the frustum, A = 2pxL = 2p(0.025 + 0.025) A 2 0.05 + 0.05 2 2
B
30 mm
= 0.02221 m2 4.5 MPa
P F1 C
s = ; 3 A 106 B =
A 0.02221
F1 = 66.64 kN 25 mm 25 mm
Average Shear Stress:
For the cylinder, A = p(0.05)(0.03) = 0.004712 m2

V F2
tavg = ; 4.5 A 106 B =
A 0.004712
F2 = 21.21 kN
Equation of Equilibrium:
+ c ©Fy = 0; P - 21.21 - 66.64 sin 45° = 0
P = 68.3 kN Ans.
41
467
SM_CH07A.indd 467 4/11/11 9:53:01 AM

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1–59.
7–49. The open square butt joint is used to transmit a 50 kip
250 kN
force of 250 kNfrom
50 kip fromone
one plate
plate to
to the
the other. Determine the
average normal and average shear stress components that
30�
30
this loading creates on the face of the weld, section AB. 30�
30
Equations of Equilibrium: 2 in.

50 mm
B
a+ © Fy = 0; N –-250
N 50 cos 30° ==0 0 N == 216.5
N 43.30kN
kip A
+
Q© Fx = 0; –V
- V++250
50sin
sin30°
30°==0 0 VV= =125 kNkip
25.0 6 in.mm
150
50
250kip
N
Average Normal and Shear Stress:

50
2 2 2
A¿ = a (150)
b (6) = =13.86
8660inmm
sin 60°
N 43.30
216.5(103) 250 kN
s = =
5 = 3.125
5 25
ksiMPa Ans.
A¿ 13.86
8660
V 25.0 3)
125(10
tavg = =
5 = 1.80 ksi MPa
5 14.434 Ans.
A¿ 13.86
8660
7–50. If P = 20 kN, determine the average shear stress

*1–60.
developed in the pins at A and C. The pins are subjected to
double shear as shown, and each has a diameter of 18 mm. C
Referring to the FBD of member AB, Fig. a

30�
a + ©MA = 0; FBC sin 30° (6) - 20(2) - 20(4) = 0 FBC = 40 kN B
A
: ©Fx = 0;
+ 2m 2m 2m
A x - 40 cos 30° = 0 A x = 34.64 kN
+ c ©Fy = 0; A y - 20 - 20 + 40 sin 30° A y = 20 kN P P
Thus, the force acting on pin A is

FA = 2 A x 2 + A y 2 = 2 34.64 2 + 202 = 40 kN
Pins A and C are subjected to double shear. Referring to their FBDs in Figs. b and c,
FA 40 FBC 40
VA = = = 20 kN VC = = = 20 kN
2 2 2 2
p
The cross-sectional area of Pins A and C are A A = A C = (0.0182)
4
= 81(10 - 6)p m2. Thus
VA 20(103)
tA = = = 78.59(106) Pa = 78.6 MPa Ans.
AA 81(10 - 6)p
VC 20(103)
tC = = = 78.59(106) Pa = 78.6 MPa Ans.
AC 81(10 - 6)p
42
468
SM_CH07A.indd 468 4/11/11 9:53:03 AM

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1–61. Determine the maximum magnitude P of the load

••7–51.
the beam will support if the average shear stress in each pin
is not to allowed to exceed 60 MPa. All pins are subjected to C
double shear as shown, and each has a diameter of 18 mm.
Referring to the FBD of member AB, Fig. a, 30�

B
a + ©MA = 0; FBC sin 30°(6) - P(2) - P(4) = 0 FBC = 2P A 2m 2m 2m
: ©Fx = 0;
+
A x - 2P cos 30° = 0 A x = 1.732P
P P
+ c ©Fy = 0; A y - P - P + 2P sin 30° = 0 Ay = P
FA = 2 A x 2 + A y 2 = 2 (1.732P)2 + P2 = 2P
All pins are subjected to same force and double shear. Referring to the FBD of the
pin, Fig. b,
F 2P
V = = = P
2 2
p
The cross-sectional area of the pin is A = (0.0182) = 81.0(10 - 6)p m2. Thus,
4
V P
tallow = ; 60(106) =
A 81.0(10 - 6)p
P = 15 268 N = 15.3 kN Ans.
43
469
SM_CH07A.indd 469 4/11/11 9:53:03 AM

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lawsasasthey
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publisher.
•1–73. Member B is
*7–52. is subjected
subjectedto toaacompressive
compressiveforce forceofof
4
800 If
kN. lb.AIfand
A and B are
B are both
both made
made of wood
of wood andand 10 38mm
areare in. thick,
determine to the nearest 14multiples
the nearest in. the smallest
of 5 mm dimension h of
the smallest
the horizontal
dimension h ofsegment so that it
the horizontal does not
segment sofail
thatinitshear.
does Thenot
average
fail shearThe
in shear. stress for the shear
average segment is tallow
stress for the= 300 psi. is
segment B 800
4 kNlb
tallow = 2.1 MPa.
13
307.7 3)
300== 1.538(10
5
t = 2.1
tallow = 3
allow ((10)
2) h h
12
h
= 73.2
hh = 2.74 mm
in. A
se h = 75 3mm
U
Use h = 2 in. Ans.
4
4 kN
H = 3.692 kN
V = 1.538 kN
1–74. The lever is attached to the shaft A using a key that

7–53. d
has a width d and length of 25 mm. If the shaft is fixed and a a
a vertical force of 200 N is applied perpendicular to the A
handle, determine the dimension d if the allowable shear 20 mm
stress for the key is tallow = 35 MPa. 500 mm
200 N
a + ©MA = 0; Fa - a (20) - 200(500) = 0
Fa - a = 5000 N
Fa - a 5000
tallow = ; 35(106) =
Aa - a d(0.025)
d = 0.00571 m = 5.71 mm Ans.
7–54.
1–75. The joint is fastened together using two bolts. 30 mm 80 kN
Determine the required diameter of the bolts if the failure
shear stress for the bolts is tfail = 350 MPa. Use a factor of
30 mm
safety for shear of F.S. = 2.5.
350(106)
= 140(105)
2.5
40 kN
3
20(10 )
tallow = 140(106) = 40 kN
p
4 d2
d = 0.0135 m = 13.5 mm Ans.
50
470
SM_CH07A.indd 470 4/11/11 9:53:04 AM

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NJ.All
Allrights
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Thismaterial
protectedunder
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lawsasasthey
theycurrently
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exist.No
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7–55.
*1–76. The lapbelt assembly is to be subjected to a force 800 N
of 800 N. Determine (a) the required thickness t of
the belt if the allowable tensile stress for the material 45 mm
is (st)allow = 10 MPa, (b) the required lap length dl t
if the glue can sustain an allowable shear stress of dl
(tallow)g = 0.75 MPa, and (c) the required diameter dr of
the pin if the allowable shear stress for the pin is
(tallow)p = 30 MPa. dr
800 N
Allowable Normal Stress: Design of belt thickness.
P 800
(st)allow = ; 10 A 106 B =
A (0.045)t
t = 0.001778 m = 1.78 mm Ans.
Allowable Shear Stress: Design of lap length.

VA 400
(tallow)g = ; 0.750 A 106 B =
A (0.045) dt
dt = 0.01185 m = 11.9 mm Ans.
Allowable Shear Stress: Design of pin size.

VB 400
(tallow)P = ; 30 A 106 B = p 2
A 4 dr
dr = 0.004120 m = 4.12 mm Ans.
•1–77. The wood specimen is subjected to the pull of

*7–56. 10 kN
10 kN in a tension testing machine. If the allowable normal
stress for the wood is (st)allow = 12 MPa and the allowable
shear stress is tallow = 1.2 MPa, determine the required
dimensions b and t so that the specimen reaches these A t
stresses simultaneously. The specimen has a width of 25 mm.
Allowable Shear Stress: Shear limitation b

3
V 5.00(10 )
tallow = ; 1.2 A 106 B =
A (0.025) t
t = 0.1667 m = 167 mm Ans.
Allowable Normal Stress: Tension limitation

10 kN
P 10(103)
sallow = ; 12.0 A 10 6
B =
A (0.025) b
b = 0.03333 m = 33.3 mm Ans.
51
471
SM_CH07A.indd 471 4/11/11 9:53:04 AM

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lawsasasthey
theycurrently
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exist. NoNo portion
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material may
any formformoror
byby any
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means, without
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writing from
from the
the publisher.
publisher.
7–57.
1–78. Member B is subjected to a compressive force of 3600
kNlb
3600kN.
lb. If AAandandB Bareare
bothboth
made made
of woodof wood
and are and1.5are
in.
40 mm
thick, thick, to
determine determine
the nearestto1>8the nearest
in. the multiples
smallest dimension of
5a of
mmthe thesupport
smallest
so dimension a of the
that the average support
shear stresssoalong
that the 5
3
average
blue lineshear
does stress alongtthe
not exceed = 50line
allow blue psi. does notfriction.
Neglect exceed 4 B a
tallow = 0.35 MPa. Neglect friction.
A
Consider the equilibrium of the FBD of member B, Fig. a,
: ©Fx = 0;
+ 4
6003 a b - Fh = 0 2.4 kN
Fh = 480 lb
5
Referring to the FBD of the wood segment sectioned through glue line, Fig. b
: ©Fx = 0;
+
2.4 - V = 0
480 V = 2.4
480kN
lb
The area of shear plane is A = 1.5(a). Thus,

V 4802.4(103)
tallow = ; 0.35 5
50 =
A 1.5a 40
6.40171.4
a =a = in mm
UUse
se a = 612 mm
a =175 in. Ans.
3 kN
Fh = 2.4 kN
52
472
SM_CH07A.indd 472 4/11/11 9:53:05 AM

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Allrights
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Thismaterial
protectedunder
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lawsasasthey
theycurrently
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exist.No
Noportion
portionofofthis
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formor
orby
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writingfrom
publisher.
7–58.
1–79. The joint is used to transmit a torque of
T = 3 kN # m. Determine the required minimum diameter 100 mm
of the shear pin A if it is made from a material having a T
shear failure stress of tfail = 150 MPa. Apply a factor of
safety of 3 against failure.
Internal Loadings: The shear force developed on the shear plane of pin A can be
determined by writing the moment equation of equilibrium along the y axis with
reference to the free-body diagram of the shaft, Fig. a.
©My = 0; V(0.1) - 3(103) = 0 V = 30(103)N
Allowable Shear Stress:

tfail 150
tallow = = = 50 MPa
F.S. 3
Using this result,
V 30(103)
tallow = ; 50(106) =
A p
d 2
4 A
dA = 0.02764 m = 27.6 mm Ans.
7–59. Determine the maximum allowable torque T that

*1–80.
can be transmitted by the joint. The shear pin A has a 100 mm
diameter of 25 mm, and it is made from a material having a T
failure shear stress of tfail = 150 MPa. Apply a factor of
safety of 3 against failure.
Internal Loadings: The shear force developed on the shear plane of pin A can be
A
determined by writing the moment equation of equilibrium along the y axis with
reference to the free-body diagram of the shaft, Fig. a.
T
©My = 0; V(0.1) - T = 0 V = 10T

tfail 150
tallow = = = 50 MPa
F.S. 3
p
The area of the shear plane for pin A is A A = (0.0252) = 0.4909(10 - 3)m2. Using
4
these results,
V 10T
tallow = ; 50(106) =
AA 0.4909(10 - 3)
T = 2454.37 N # m = 2.45 kN # m Ans.
53
473
SM_CH07A.indd 473 4/11/11 9:53:06 AM

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protectedunder
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lawsasasthey
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exist. NoNo portion
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material may
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writing from
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publisher.
*7–60.
•1–81. The tension member is fastened together using two
bolts, one on each side of the member as shown. Each bolt 60�
has a diameter of 0.37.5 in.mm. Determine
Determinethethemaximum
maximum load
load
P
P P
that
P can
that canbebeapplied
appliedtotothethemember
member ifif the
the allowable shear
for the
stress for the bolts tallow==8412MPa
bolts isistallow ksi and
and the allowable
average normal stress is sallow ==140 ksi.
20 MPa.
a + ©Fy = 0; N - P sin 60° = 0
P = 1.1547 N (1)
b+ ©Fx = 0; V - P cos 60° = 0
P = 2V (2)
Assume failure due to shear:

VV
tallow = 12
84 == pp 2 2
(2)
(2)4 (7.5)
4 (0.3)
V ==7422
V 1.696Nkip
= 7.422 kN
From Eq. (2),
P == 14.844 kN
3.39 kip
Assume failure due to normal force:

NN
sallow = 140
20 == p 22
(2) 4p4(7.5)
(0.3)
N ==12370
2.827N
kip
= 12.370 kN
From Eq. (1),
P ==14.28 kN
3.26 kip (controls) Ans.
54
474
SM_CH07A.indd 474 4/11/11 9:53:06 AM

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7–61. The three steel wires are used to support the

1–82.
load. If the wires have an allowable tensile stress of A
sallow = 165 MPa, determine the required diameter of each
C
wire if the applied load is P = 6 kN.
45� B
The force in wire BD is equal to the applied load; ie, FBD = P = 6 kN. Analysing 30�
the equilibrium of joint B by referring to its FBD, Fig. a,
: ©Fx = 0;
+
FBC cos 30° - FAB cos 45° = 0 (1)
D
+ c ©Fy = 0; FBC sin 30° + FAB sin 45° - 6 = 0 (2) P
Solving Eqs. (1) and (2),
FAB = 5.379 kN FBC = 4.392 kN
For wire BD,

FBD 6(103)
sallow = ; 165(106) = p 2
A BD 4 dBD
dBD = 0.006804 m = 6.804 mm
Use dBD = 7.00 mm Ans.
For wire AB,

FAB 5.379(103)
sallow = ; 165(106) =
A AB p
4 dAB 2
dAB = 0.006443 m = 6.443 mm
Use dAB = 6.50 mm Ans.
For wire BC,

FBC 4.392(103)
sallow = ; 165(106) =
A BC p
4 dBC 2
dBC = 0.005822 m = 5.822 mm
dBC = 6.00 mm Ans.
55
475
SM_CH07A.indd 475 4/11/11 9:53:07 AM

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2010 Pearson
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lawsasasthey
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exist. NoNo portion
portion ofof this
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material may
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any means,
means, without
without permission
writing from
from the
the publisher.
publisher.
7–62.
1–83. The three steel wires are used to support the
load. If the wires have an allowable tensile stress of A
sallow = 165 MPa, and wire AB has a diameter of 6 mm, BC
C
has a diameter of 5 mm, and BD has a diameter of 7 mm,
determine the greatest force P that can be applied before
one of the wires fails. 45� B
30�
The force in wire BD is equal to the applied load; ie, FBD = P. Analysing the
equilibrium of joint B by referring to its FBD, Fig. a,
D
: ©Fx = 0;
+
FBC cos 30° - FAB cos 45° = 0 (1) P
+ c ©Fy = 0; FBC sin 30° + FAB sin 45° - P = 0 (2)
Solving Eqs. (1) and (2),
FAB = 0.8966 P FBC = 0.7321 P
For wire BD,

FBD P
sallow = ; 165(106) =
A BD p
4 (0.0072)
P = 6349.94 N = 6.350 kN
For wire AB,

FAB 0.8966 P
sallow = ; 165(106) =
A AB p
4 (0.0062)
P = 5203.42 N = 5.203 kN
For wire BC,

FBC 0.7321 P
sallow = ; 165(106) =
A BC p
4 (0.0052)
P = 4425.60 N = 4.43 kN (Controls!) Ans.
56
476
SM_CH07A.indd 476 4/11/11 9:53:07 AM

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7–63. The assembly consists of three disks A, B, and C

*1–84. 140 kN
that are used to support the load of 140 kN. Determine the
d1 20 mm
smallest diameter d1 of the top disk, the diameter d2 within
the support space, and the diameter d3 of the hole in the A 10 mm
B
bottom disk. The allowable bearing stress for the material
C
is 1sallow2b = 350 MPa and allowable shear stress is
tallow = 125 MPa. d3
d2
Solution
Allowable Bearing Stress: Assume bearing failure for disk B.
P 140(103)
(sb)allow = ; 350 A 106 B =
A p
4 d21
d1 = 0.02257 m = 22.6 mm
Allowable Shear Stress: Assume shear failure for disk C.
V 140(103)
tallow = ; 125 A 106 B =
A pd2 (0.01)
d2 = 0.03565 m = 35.7 mm Ans.
Allowable Bearing Stress: Assume bearing failure for disk C.

P 140(103)
(sb)allow = ; 350 A 106 B =
A p
A 0.035652 - d23 B
4
d3 = 0.02760 m = 27.6 mm Ans.
Since d3 = 27.6 mm 7 d1 = 22.6 mm, disk B might fail due to shear.
V 140(103)
t = = = 98.7 MPa 6 tallow = 125 MPa (O. K !)
A p(0.02257)(0.02)
Therefore, d1 = 22.6 mm Ans.
•1–85. The boom is supported by the winch cable that has

*7–64. B
a diameter of of 0.25
6 mmin. and
and an
an allowable
allowable normal
normal stress of
sallow == 168
24 ksi.
MPa.Determine
Determinethe thegreatest
greatestload
loadthat
that can
can be
supported without causing the cable to fail when u = 30°
and f = 45°. Neglect the size of the winch. u
6 mft
20
P T T
s = ; 168 =3)p =2 p;
24(10 2
; A f
A 4 (6 )4 (0.25)
T ==4750 .1 Nlb
1178.10
d
: ©Fx = 0;
+
-–4750.1
1178.10cos 30°+ +FAB
cos30° sinsin
FAB = 0= 0
45°45°
+ c ©Fy = 0; - W + FAB cos 45° -

– 4750.1 sinsin
1178.10 30° = 0= 0
30°
W ==1.739 kN
431 lb Ans.
FAB ==5.818
F kNlb
1442.9
57
477
SM_CH07A.indd 477 4/11/11 9:53:08 AM

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material may
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writing from
from the
the publisher.
publisher.
7–65.
1–86. The boom boom isissupported
supportedbyby thethe winch
winch cablecable
thatthat
has B
has an allowable
an allowable normalstress
normal stressofof sallow == 168 MPa.IfIfitit is
24 ksi.
required that it be able
able to
to slowly
slowly lift
lift 25 kN,lb,
5000 from
from u=
u 20°
= 20°to
to=u 50°,
s determine
= 50°, determinethe the
smallest diameter
smallest of the
diameter cable
of the to the
cable to
1
nearest multiples
the nearest 16 in.of 5
The mm.
boomThe boom
AB hasABa has
lengtha length
of 20of 6
ft. u
m. Neglect
Neglect thethe
sizesize of the
of the winch.
winch. SetSet
d =d = 123.6
ft. m. 6 mft
20
A f
Maximum tension in cable occurs when u = 20°.
sin 20° sin c
=
20
6 12
3.6 d
c = 11.842°
: © Fx = 0;
+
- T cos 20° + FAB cos 31.842° = 0
+ c ©Fy = 0; FAB sin 31.842° - T sin 20° - 5000

25 = 0= 0
T ==103.491
T 20 698.3kN
lb
F = 114.478 kN
AB = 22 896 lb
FAB
3
P 20 698.3
103.491(10 )
s = ; = 3) = p p 2 2
24(10
168
A (d)
4 4 (d)
d =mm
d = 28.0 1.048 in.
1
Use dd ==301 mmin. Ans.
16
1–87.
7–66. The 60 mm * 60 mm oak post is supported on P
the pine block. If the allowable bearing stresses for
these materials are soak = 43 MPa and spine = 25 MPa,
determine the greatest load P that can be supported. If
a rigid bearing plate is used between these materials,
determine its required area so that the maximum load P can
be supported. What is this load?
For failure of pine block:

P P
s = ; 25(106) =
A (0.06)(0.06)
P = 90 kN Ans.
For failure of oak post:

P P
s = ; 43(106) =
A (0.06)(0.06)
P = 154.8 kN
Area of plate based on strength of pine block:

P 154.8(10)3
s = ; 25(106) =
A A
A = 6.19(10 - 3)m2 Ans.
Pmax = 155 kN Ans.
58
478
SM_CH07A.indd 478 4/11/11 9:53:09 AM

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exist.No
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orby
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7–67. The frame is subjected to the load of 4 kN which

*1–88. 4 kN
acts on member ABD at D. Determine the required 1m 1.5 m
diameter of the pins at D and C if the allowable shear stress 45�
for the material is tallow = 40 MPa. Pin C is subjected to E
C D
double shear, whereas pin D is subjected to single shear.
1.5 m
Referring to the FBD of member DCE, Fig. a,
a + ©ME = 0; Dy(2.5) - FBC sin 45° (1) = 0 (1)
: ©Fx = 0
+ B
FBC cos 45° - Dx = 0 (2)
Referring to the FBD of member ABD, Fig. b, 1.5 m
a + ©MA = 0; 4 cos 45° (3) + FBC sin 45° (1.5) - Dx (3) = 0 (3)
A
Solving Eqs (2) and (3),
FBC = 8.00 kN Dx = 5.657 kN
Substitute the result of FBC into (1)
Dy = 2.263 kN
Thus, the force acting on pin D is
FD = 2 Dx 2 + Dy 2 = 2 5.6572 + 2.2632 = 6.093 kN
Pin C is subjected to double shear white pin D is subjected to single shear. Referring
to the FBDs of pins C, and D in Fig c and d, respectively,
FBC 8.00
VC = = = 4.00 kN VD = FD = 6.093 kN
2 2
For pin C,
VC 4.00(103)
tallow = ; 40(106) =
AC p
4 dC 2
dC = 0.01128 m = 11.28 mm
Use dC = 12 mm Ans.
For pin D,
VD 6.093(103)
tallow = ; 40(106) =
AD p
4 dD 2
dD = 0.01393 m = 13.93 mm
Use dD = 14 mm Ans.
59
479
SM_CH07A.indd 479 4/11/11 9:53:09 AM

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1–89. The
•*7–68. The eyeeyeboltboltis used
is usedto support
to support the loadthe of 5 kip.
load of 25 mm
1 in.
Determine its diameter
25 kN. Determine its diameter d to the18 nearest
d to the nearest in. and the required
multiples of
1
thickness
5 mm andhthe to required
the nearest 8 in. ofh the
thickness to thesupport
nearest somultiples
that the h
washer
of 5 mmwill notsupport
of the penetrate so or
thatshear throughwill
the washer it. The allowable
not penetrate
normal
or shearstress for the
through it. The is sallow =normal
boltallowable 21 ksi andstressthe allowable
for the bolt
shear stress
is sallow for MPa
= 150 the supporting material isshear
and the allowable = 5 ksi.
tallow stress for the d
supporting material is tallow = 35 MPa.
525 kN
kip
Allowable Normal Stress: Design of bolt size

3 3)
5(10
P 25(10 )
sallow = ; 150 =3) =p 2p 2
21.0(10
Ab d
4 4 d
d =14.57
d = mmin.
0.5506
Use d = 15dmm5
Use = in. Ans.
8
Allowable Shear Stress: Design of support thickness
V 5(1033))
25(10
tallow = ; 35 =
5(10 3
) =
A p(25)(h)
p(1)(h)
3
h = 9.09 mm
Use h = in. Ans.
Use h = 10 mm 8
60
480
SM_CH07A.indd 480 4/11/11 9:53:10 AM

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portionofofthis
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orby
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7–69.
1–90. The soft-ride suspension system of the mountain P 100 mm
bike is pinned at C and supported by the shock absorber 300 mm
BD. If it is designed to support a load P = 1500 N, A
determine the required minimum diameter of pins B and C.
Use a factor of safety of 2 against failure. The pins are made
of material having a failure shear stress of tfail = 150 MPa,
and each pin is subjected to double shear.
Internal Loadings: The forces acting on pins B and C can be determined by

considering the equilibrium of the free-body diagram of the soft-ride suspension B C
system shown in Fig. a. 30 mm
a + ©MC = 0; 1500(0.4) - FBD sin 60°(0.1) - FBD cos 60°(0.03) = 0 60� D
FBD = 5905.36 N
: ©Fx = 0;
+
Cx - 5905.36 cos 60° = 0 Cx = 2952.68 N
+ c ©Fy = 0; 5905.36 sin 60° - 1500 - Cy = 0 Cy = 3614.20 N
Thus,
FB = FBD = 5905.36 N FC = 2 Cx 2 + Cy 2 = 2 2952.682 + 3614.202
= 4666.98 N
Since both pins are in double shear,

FB 5905.36 FC 4666.98
VB = = = 2952.68 N VC = = = 2333.49 N
2 2 2 2
tfail 150
tallow = = = 75 MPa
F.S. 2
Using this result,
VB 2952.68
tallow = ; 75(106) =
AB p 2
d
4 B
dB = 0.007080 m = 7.08 mm Ans.
VC 2333.49
tallow = ; 75(106) =
AC p 2
d
4 C
dC = 0.006294 m = 6.29 mm Ans.
61
481
SM_CH07A.indd 481 4/11/11 9:53:11 AM

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lawsasasthey
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material may
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1–91.
7–70. The soft-ride suspension system of the mountain P 100 mm
bike is pinned at C and supported by the shock absorber 300 mm
BD. If it is designed to support a load of P = 1500 N, A
determine the factor of safety of pins B and C against
failure if they are made of a material having a shear failure
stress of tfail = 150 MPa. Pin B has a diameter of 7.5 mm,
and pin C has a diameter of 6.5 mm. Both pins are subjected
to double shear.
Internal Loadings: The forces acting on pins B and C can be determined by B C

considerning the equilibrium of the free-body diagram of the soft-ride suspension 30 mm
system shown in Fig. a.
60� D
+ ©MC = 0; 1500(0.4) - FBD sin 60°(0.1) - FBD cos 60°(0.03) = 0
FBD = 5905.36 N
: ©Fx = 0;
+
Cx - 5905.36 cos 60° = 0 Cx = 2952.68 N
+ c ©Fy = 0; 5905.36 sin 60° - 1500 - Cy = 0 Cy = 3614.20 N
Thus,
FB = FBD = 5905.36 N FC = 2 Cx 2 + Cy 2 = 2 2952.682 + 3614.202
= 4666.98 N
Since both pins are in double shear,
FB 5905.36 FC 4666.98
VB = = = 2952.68N VC = = = 2333.49 N
2 2 2 2
Allowable Shear Stress: The areas of the shear plane for pins B and C are
p p
A B = (0.00752) = 44.179(10 - 6)m2 and A C = (0.00652) = 33.183(10 - 6)m2.
4 4
We obtain
VB 2952.68
A tavg B B = = = 66.84 MPa
AB 44.179(10 - 6)
VC 2333.49
A tavg B C = = = 70.32 MPa
AC 33.183(10 - 6)
Using these results,
tfail 150
(F.S.)B = = = 2.24 Ans.
A avg B B
t 66.84
tfail 150
(F.S.)C = = = 2.13 Ans.
A tavg B C 70.32
62
482
SM_CH07A.indd 482 4/11/11 9:53:11 AM

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exist.No
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formor
orby
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7–71
*1–92. The compound wooden beam is connected together 2 kN
3 kN 1.5 kN
by a bolt at B. Assuming that the connections at A, B, C, and
2m 2m 1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m
D exert only vertical forces on the beam, determine the
required diameter of the bolt at B and the required outer C D
diameter of its washers if the allowable tensile stress for the A
bolt is 1st2allow = 150 MPa and the allowable bearing stress B
for the wood is 1sb2allow = 28 MPa. Assume that the hole in
the washers has the same diameter as the bolt.
From FBD (a):

a + ©MD = 0; FB(4.5) + 1.5(3) + 2(1.5) - FC(6) = 0
4.5 FB - 6 FC = - 7.5 (1)
From FBD (b):
a + ©MD = 0; FB(5.5) - FC(4) - 3(2) = 0
5.5 FB - 4 FC = 6 (2)
Solving Eqs. (1) and (2) yields
FB = 4.40 kN; FC = 4.55 kN
For bolt:
4.40(103)
sallow = 150(106) = p 2
4 (dB)
dB = 0.00611 m
= 6.11 mm Ans.
For washer:
4.40(103)
sallow = 28 (104) = 2
p
4 (d w - 0.006112)
dw = 0.0154 m = 15.4 mm Ans.
*7–72. The assembly is used to support the distributed

•1–93. The assembly is used to support the distributed
loading
loading of ww==500
of 10 lb>ft
kN/m. Determine
. Determine thethe factor
factor of safety
of safety with C
with respect to yielding for the steel rod BC
respect to yielding for the steel rod BC and the pins at and theBpins
and
at andyield
C ifB the C ifstress
the yield stress
steelforin the steelisins tension is
for the tension y = 36 ksi
s y =in
and 250 MPa
shear ty and
= 18inksi
shear y = has
. Thetrod 125aMPa. The of
diameter rod hasin.,
0.40 a
diameter of 13 mm, and the pins each
and the pins each have a diameter of 0.30 in. have a diameter of
10 mm.
1.2
4 ftm
For rod BC:
3 A
P 10(10
1.667 )
s = = p 2 2 ==75.34
13.26MPa
ksi
A 44 (13
(0.4) )
sy 250
36
F. S. = = ==3.32
2.71 Ans.
s 13.26
75.34 B
For pins B and C: 0.9

3 ftm
3
w
V 5(10
0.8333 )
t = = p 2 2 ==63.66
11.79MPa
ksi 0.3
1 ftm
A 44 (10
(0.3 ))
ty 125
18 FBC = 10 kN
F. S. = =
= ==1.96
1.53 Ans.
t 63.66
11.79 Az = 6 kN
5 kN
5 kN
Ay = 4 kN
10(1.2) = 12 kN
10 kN
63
483
SM_CH07A.indd 483 4/11/11 9:53:13 AM

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lawsasasthey
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exist. NoNo portion
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material may
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writing from
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publisher.
1–94.
7–73. If the the allowable
allowableshear
shearstress
stressfor
foreach
each
of of
thethe 0.30-
10-mm-
in.-diameter
diameter steel steel
pinspins
at A,at B, B, and
A,and C is Ctallow = 90=MPa,
is tallow 12.5 and
ksi, C
and the allowable
the allowable normalnormal
stressstress for13-mm-diameter
for the the 0.40-in.-diameter
rod is
rod
sallowis =sallow = 22 ksi
150 MPa, , determine
determine the the largest
largest intensity
intensity of
w ofwthe
the uniform
uniform distributed
distributed loadload
that that
can can be suspended
be suspended fromfrom
the
the
beam.beam.
4 ftm
1.2
Assume failure of pins B and C:
3
1.667w
0.5w(10 ) A
tallow == 90 = =p p 2 2
12.5
(10
4 4 (0.3
) )
w == 14.14
0.530kN/m
kip>ft (controls)
(controls) Ans.
B
Assume
Assumefailure
failureof
ofpins
pinsA:
A:
3 ftm
0.9
.6 w)2 + ((1.333w)
FFAA = 2(0(2w) 0.4 w)2 =2 0.721w
= 2.404 w
w
1.202w 3)
0.3605w(10 1 ftm
0.3
allow = 90
ttallow = = pp 22
12.5
44(0.3
(10 ))
ww = 19.61
0.735 kN/m
kip>ft 0.3605w
0.5w 0.3605w
0.5w
Assumefailure
Assume failureof
ofrod
rodBC:
BC:
3.333w 3)
1.0w(10 1.0w
allow = 150
22 ==
ssallow 0.721w
p p 22
4 (0.4
4 (13 ))
FBC = 1.0w
ww = 19.91
0.829 kN/m
kip>ft
Ax = 0.6w
Ay = 0.4w
1.2w
1–95.
7–74. If the allowable bearing stress for the material 40 kN/m P
under the supports at A and B is 1sb2allow = 1.5 MPa,
determine the size of square bearing plates A¿ and B¿
required to support the load. Dimension the plates to the
nearest mm. The reactions at the supports are vertical. Take
A B
P = 100 kN. A¿ B¿
Referring to the FBD of the bean, Fig. a 1.5 m 3m 1.5 m
a + ©MA = 0; NB(3) + 40(1.5)(0.75) - 100(4.5) = 0 NB = 135 kN
a + ©MB = 0; 40(1.5)(3.75) - 100(1.5) - NA(3) = 0 NA = 25.0 kN
For plate A¿ ,
NA 25.0(103)
(sb)allow = ; 1.5(106) =
A A¿ a2A¿
aA¿ = 0.1291 m = 130 mm Ans.
For plate B¿ ,
NB 135(103)
sallow = ; 1.5(106) =
A B¿ a2B¿
aB¿ = 0.300 m = 300 mm Ans.
64
484
SM_CH07A.indd 484 4/11/11 9:53:14 AM

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orby
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7–75 If the allowable bearing stress for the material under

*1–96. 40 kN/m P
the supports at A and B is 1sb2allow = 1.5 MPa, determine
the maximum load P that can be applied to the beam. The
bearing plates A¿ and B¿ have square cross sections of
150 mm * 150 mm and 250 mm * 250 mm, respectively.
A B
A¿ B¿
1.5 m 3m 1.5 m
Referring to the FBD of the beam, Fig. a,
a + ©MA = 0; NB(3) + 40(1.5)(0.75) - P(4.5) = 0 NB = 1.5P - 15
a + ©MB = 0; 40(1.5)(3.75) - P(1.5) - NA(3) = 0 NA = 75 - 0.5P
For plate A¿ ,
NA (75 - 0.5P)(103)
(sb)allow = ; 1.5(106) =
A A¿ 0.15(0.15)
P = 82.5 kN
For plate B¿ ,
NB (1.5P - 15)(103)
(sb)allow = ; 1.5(106) =
A B¿ 0.25(0.25)
P = 72.5 kN (Controls!) Ans.
1–97. The rods AB and CD are made of steel having a

•*7–76.
failure tensile stress of sfail = 510 MPa. Using a factor of
safety of F.S. = 1.75 for tension, determine their smallest B D
diameter so that they can support the load shown. The
beam is assumed to be pin connected at A and C. 6 kN
5 kN
4 kN
Support Reactions:
a + ©MA = 0; FCD(10) - 5(7) - 6(4) - 4(2) = 0

A C
FCD = 6.70 kN
2m 2m 3m 3m
a + ©MC = 0; 4(8) + 6(6) + 5(3) - FAB(10) = 0
FAB = 8.30 kN
Allowable Normal Stress: Design of rod sizes
For rod AB
sfail FAB 510(106) 8.30(103)

sallow = = ; = p 2
F.S A AB 1.75 4 d AB
dAB = 0.006022 m = 6.02 mm Ans.
For rod CD
sfail FCD 510(106) 6.70(103)

sallow = = ; = p 2
F.S A CD 1.75 4 d CD
dCD = 0.005410 m = 5.41 mm Ans.
65
485
SM_CH07A.indd 485 4/11/11 9:53:15 AM

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publisher.
7–77.
1–98. The aluminum
aluminum bracket
bracketAAis is usedused to support
to support the
the centrally
centrally applied
applied load ofload of If
8 kip. 40itkN.
has If it has a thickness
a constant constant
thickness
of 0.5 in.,ofdetermine
12 mm, determine
the smallest theheight
smallest height
h in orderh toin
order
prevent to prevent
a sheara shear
failure.failure.
The The failure
failure shearstress
shear stress is A h
tfail == 160 MPa.
23 ksi. Use
Use a afactor
factorofofsafety
safetyfor
forshear F.S. == 2.5.
shearofofF.S.
+ c ©Fy = 0; V –-408 ==00 V –=408.00

kNkip
Allowable Shear Stress: Design of the support size

3 3 3)
tfail V 23(10
160) 40(10
8.00(10
) 840kip
kN
tallow = = ; ==
F.S A 2.52.5 h(0.5)
h(12)
h =
h = 52.1 mm
1.74 in. Ans. 40 kN
V = 40 kN
1–99.
7–78. The hanger is supported using the rectangular pin. 20 mm
Determine the magnitude of the allowable suspended load 75 mm
P if the allowable bearing stress is (sb)allow = 220 MPa, the
allowable tensile stress is (st)allow = 150 MPa, and the 10 mm
allowable shear stress is tallow = 130 MPa. Take t = 6 mm,
a b
a = 5 mm, and b = 25 mm. a
Allowable Normal Stress: For the hanger

P P
(st)allow = ; 150 A 106 B = 37.5 mm
A (0.075)(0.006) t
P
P = 67.5 kN 37.5 mm
P
Allowable Shear Stress: The pin is subjected to double shear. Therefore, V =
2
V P>2
tallow = ; 130 A 106 B =
A (0.01)(0.025)
P = 65.0 kN
Allowable Bearing Stress: For the bearing area
P P>2
(sb)allow = ; 220 A 106 B =
A (0.005)(0.025)
P = 55.0 kN (Controls!) Ans.
66
486
SM_CH07A.indd 486 4/11/11 9:53:16 AM

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7–79.
*1–100. The hanger is supported using the rectangular 20 mm
pin. Determine the required thickness t of the hanger, and 75 mm
dimensions a and b if the suspended load is P = 60 kN.
The allowable tensile stress is (st)allow = 150 MPa, the 10 mm
allowable bearing stress is (sb)allow = 290 MPa, and the
a a b
allowable shear stress is tallow = 125 MPa.
37.5 mm
t
P
37.5 mm
Allowable Normal Stress: For the hanger

P 60(103)
(st)allow = ; 150 A 106 B =
A (0.075)t
t = 0.005333 m = 5.33 mm Ans.
Allowable Shear Stress: For the pin
V 30(103)
tallow = ; 125 A 106 B =
A (0.01)b
b = 0.0240 m = 24.0 mm Ans.
Allowable Bearing Stress: For the bearing area
P 30(103)
(sb)allow = ; 290 A 106 B =
A (0.0240) a
a = 0.00431 m = 4.31 mm Ans.
67
487
SM_CH07A.indd 487 4/11/11 9:53:16 AM

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© 2010 Pearson
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Saddle River,
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AllAll rights
rights reserved.
reserved. This
This material
material is is protected
protected under
under allall copyright
copyright laws
laws asas they
they currently
currently
exist.
exist. NoNo portion
portion of of this
this material
material maymay
bebe reproduced,
reproduced, in in
anyany form
form or or
byby
anyany means,
means, without
without permission
permission in in writing
writing from
from thethe publisher.
publisher.
*7–80. AnAn
2–1. air-filledrubber
air-filled rubber ball
ball hashas a diameter
a diameter of 6ofin.150
If
mm. air
the If the air pressure
pressure within
within it isit increased
is increaseduntil
untilthe
the ball’s
diameter becomes
becomes 175 mm,determine
7 in., determinethe theaverage
average normal
strain in the rubber.
rubber.
d0 == 150
6 in.mm
d == 175
7 in.mm
pd – pd0 1757 –-150
e 5 pd - pd 5
0 6 = 0.167 mm/mm
e = pd0 = 150 = 0.167 in./in. Ans.
pd0 6
2–2.
7–81. AAthin thinstrip
strip of
of rubber
rubber has
has an
an unstretched
unstretched length of
15
375in.mm.
If it is
Ifstretched aroundaround
it is stretched a pipe having
a pipean outer diameter
having an outer
of 5 in., determine
diameter of 125 mm,the average
determinenormal strain innormal
the average the strip.
strain
in the strip.
L0 = 15 in.
L0 = 375 mm
L = p(5 in.)
L = p(125 mm)
L –-LL
L 5p -
0 0 125p 15
– 375
e5= 5= == 0.0472 mm/mm
in.>in. Ans.
LL00 15
375
2–3. The rigid beam is supported by a pin at A and wires

7–82.
BD and CE. If the load P on the beam causes the end C to D E
be displaced 10 mm downward, determine the normal strain
developed in wires CE and BD.
4m
P
¢LBD ¢LCE
= A B C
3 7
3 (10)
¢LBD = = 4.286 mm 3m 2m 2m
7
¢LCE 10
eCE = = = 0.00250 mm>mm Ans.
L 4000
¢LBD 4.286
eBD = = = 0.00107 mm>mm Ans.
L 4000
73
488
SM_CH07B.indd 488 4/11/11 9:53:45 AM

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Allrights
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Thismaterial
materialis isprotected
protectedunder
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lawsasasthey
theycurrently
currently
exist.
exist.No
Noportion
portionofofthis
thismaterial
materialmay
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formororbybyany
anymeans,
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fromthe
thepublisher.
publisher.
7–83.
*2–4. The two wires are connected together at A. If the
force P causes point A to be displaced horizontally 2 mm,
C
determine the normal strain developed in each wire.
300
mm
œ 2 2
LAC = 2300 + 2 - 2(300)(2) cos 150° = 301.734 mm
œ
30�
LAC - LAC 301.734 - 300 P
eAC = eAB = = = 0.00578 mm>mm Ans. 30� A
LAC 300
mm
300
*7–84.
•2–5. The rigid beam is supported by a pin at A and wires
BD and CE. If the distributed load causes the end C to be E
displaced 10 mm downward, determine the normal strain
developed in wires CE and BD. D
2m
1.5 m
2m 3m
A B C
w
Since the vertical displacement of end C is small compared to the length of member
AC, the vertical displacement dB of point B, can be approximated by referring to the
similar triangle shown in Fig. a
dB 10
= ; dB = 4 mm
2 5
The unstretched lengths of wires BD and CE are LBD = 1500 mm and
LCE = 2000 mm.
dB 4
A eavg B BD = = = 0.00267 mm>mm Ans.
LBD 1500
dC 10
A eavg B CE = = = 0.005 mm>mm Ans.
LCE 2000
74
489
SM_CH07B.indd 489 4/11/11 9:53:46 AM

© 2011
© 2010 Pearson
Pearson Education,
Education, Inc.,
Inc., Upper
Upper Saddle
Saddle River,
River, NJ.NJ.
AllAll rights
rights reserved.
reserved. This
This material
protected under
copyright laws
laws asas they
they currently
currently
exist.
exist. NoNo portion
portion of of this
this material
material maymay
bebe reproduced,
reproduced, in in
anyany form
form or or
byby
anyany means,
means, without
without permission
writing from
publisher.
7–85. Nylon strips are fused to glass plates. When

2–6. y
moderately heated the nylon will become soft while the
glass stays approximately rigid. Determine the average 2 mm
shear strain in the nylon due to the load P when the
assembly deforms as indicated. P
3 mm
5 mm
3 mm
5 mm
3 mm
x
2
g = tan - 1 a b = 11.31° = 0.197 rad Ans.
10
7–86. IfIfthethe
2–7. unstretched
unstretched length
length of theofbowstring
the bowstring is
is 35.5 in.,
887.5 mm, determine
determine the averagethe average
normal normal
strain strain
in the in when
string the string
it is
when it is to
stretched stretched to theshown.
the position position shown.
18 mm
450 in.
6 in.
150 mm
18 mm
450 in.
Geometry: Referring to Fig. a, the stretched length of the string is
L = 2L¿ = 2 218 62 2= =37.947

4502 + 150 948.68in.
mm
Average Normal Strain:
L - L0 37.947 –-887.5
948.68 35.5
eavg = = == 0.0689
0.0689mm/mm
in.>in. Ans.
L0 35.5
887.5
450 mm
450 mm
150 mm
75
490
SM_CH07B.indd 490 4/11/11 9:53:47 AM

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Allrights
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reserved.This
Thismaterial
protectedunder
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lawsasasthey
theycurrently
currently
exist.
exist.No
Noportion
portionofofthis
thismaterial
materialmay
maybebereproduced,
reproduced,ininany
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formororbybyany
anymeans,
means,without
withoutpermission
writingfrom
fromthe
thepublisher.
publisher.
7–87. Part of a control linkage for an airplane consists of a

*2–8. u
rigid member CBD and a flexible cable AB. If a force is D P
applied to the end D of the member and causes it to rotate
by u = 0.3°, determine the normal strain in the cable.
Originally the cable is unstretched. 300 mm
AB = 24002 + 3002 = 500 mm 300 mm

AB¿ = 24002 + 3002 - 2(400)(300) cos 90.3° A C
= 501.255 mm
AB¿ - AB 501.255 - 500
eAB = =
AB 500 400 mm
= 0.00251 mm>mm Ans.
2–9. Part of a control linkage for an airplane consists

•*7–88. u
of a rigid member CBD and a flexible cable AB. If a force is
D P
applied to the end D of the member and causes a normal
strain in the cable of 0.0035 mm>mm, determine the
displacement of point D. Originally the cable is unstretched. 300 mm
B
AB = 23002 + 4002 = 500 mm
AB¿ = AB + eABAB 300 mm
= 500 + 0.0035(500) = 501.75 mm A C
501.752 = 3002 + 4002 - 2(300)(400) cos a
a = 90.4185° 400 mm
p
u = 90.4185° - 90° = 0.4185° = (0.4185) rad
180°
p
¢ D = 600(u) = 600( )(0.4185) = 4.38 mm Ans.
180°
76
491
SM_CH07B.indd 491 4/11/11 9:53:47 AM

© 2011
© 2010 Pearson
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Education, Inc.,
Inc., Upper
Upper Saddle
Saddle River,
River, NJ.NJ.
AllAll rights
rights reserved.
reserved. This
This material
protected under
copyright laws
laws asas they
they currently
currently
exist.
exist. NoNo portion
portion of of this
this material
material maymay
bebe reproduced,
reproduced, in in
anyany form
form or or
byby
anyany means,
means, without
without permission
writing from
publisher.
7–89. The corners B and D of the square plate are given

2–10. y
the displacements indicated. Determine the shear strains at
A and B. A
16 mm
D B
x
3 mm
3 mm 16 mm
C
16 mm 16 mm
Applying trigonometry to Fig. a

13 p rad
f = tan - 1 a b = 39.09° a b = 0.6823 rad
16 180°
16 p rad
a = tan - 1 a b = 50.91° a b = 0.8885 rad
13 180°
By the definition of shear strain,
p p
A gxy B A = - 2f = - 2(0.6823) = 0.206 rad Ans.
2 2
p p
A gxy B B = - 2a = - 2(0.8885) = - 0.206 rad Ans.
2 2
77
492
SM_CH07B.indd 492 4/11/11 9:53:48 AM

©©2011
2010Pearson
PearsonEducation,
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NJ.All
Allrights
rightsreserved.
reserved.This
Thismaterial
protectedunder
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lawsasasthey
theycurrently
currently
exist.
exist.No
Noportion
portionofofthis
thismaterial
materialmay
maybebereproduced,
reproduced,ininany
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formororbybyany
anymeans,
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withoutpermission
writingfrom
fromthe
thepublisher.
publisher.
2–11. The corners B and D of the square plate are given

7–90. y
the displacements indicated. Determine the average normal
strains along side AB and diagonal DB. A
16 mm
D B
x
3 mm
3 mm 16 mm
C
16 mm 16 mm
Referring to Fig. a,
LAB = 2162 + 162 = 2512 mm
LAB¿ = 2162 + 132 = 2425 mm
LBD = 16 + 16 = 32 mm
LB¿D¿ = 13 + 13 = 26 mm
Thus,
LAB¿ - LAB 2425 - 2512

A eavg B AB = = = -0.0889 mm>mm Ans.
LAB 2512
LB¿D¿ - LBD 26 - 32
A eavg B BD = = = - 0.1875 mm>mm Ans.
LBD 32
78
493
SM_CH07B.indd 493 4/11/11 9:53:48 AM

© 2011
© 2010 Pearson
Pearson Education,
Education, Inc.,
Inc., Upper
Upper Saddle
Saddle River,
River, NJ.NJ.
AllAll rights
rights reserved.
reserved. This
This material
protected under
copyright laws
laws asas they
they currently
currently
exist.
exist. NoNo portion
portion of of this
this material
material maymay
bebe reproduced,
reproduced, in in
anyany form
form or or
byby
anyany means,
means, without
without permission
writing from
publisher.
7–91. The piece of rubber is originally rectangular.

*2–12. y
Determine the average shear strain gxy at A if the corners B
and D are subjected to the displacements that cause the 3 mm C
rubber to distort as shown by the dashed lines. D
2
u1 = tan u1 = = 0.006667 rad 400 mm
300
3
u2 = tan u2 = = 0.0075 rad
400
gxy = u1 + u2 x
A 300 mm B
= 0.006667 + 0.0075 = 0.0142 rad Ans. 2 mm
•2–13. The piece of rubber is originally rectangular and

*7–92. y
subjected to the deformation shown by the dashed lines.
Determine the average normal strain along the diagonal 3 mm C
DB and side AD. D
AD¿ = 2(400)2 + (3)2 = 400.01125 mm

400 mm
-1 3
f = tan a b = 0.42971°
400
AB¿ = 2(300)2 + (2)2 = 300.00667
x
2 A 300 mm B
-1
w = tan a b = 0.381966° 2 mm
300
a = 90° - 0.42971° - 0.381966° = 89.18832°
D¿B¿ = 2(400.01125)2 + (300.00667)2 - 2(400.01125)(300.00667) cos (89.18832°)
D¿B¿ = 496.6014 mm
DB = 2(300)2 + (400)2 = 500 mm

496.6014 - 500
eDB = = - 0.00680 mm>mm Ans.
500
400.01125 - 400
eAD = = 0.0281(10 - 3) mm>mm Ans.
400
79
494
SM_CH07B.indd 494 4/11/11 9:53:49 AM

©©2011
2010Pearson
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Allrights
rightsreserved.
reserved.This
Thismaterial
protectedunder
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lawsasasthey
theycurrently
currently
exist.
exist.No
Noportion
portionofofthis
thismaterial
materialmay
maybebereproduced,
reproduced,ininany
anyform
formororbybyany
anymeans,
means,without
withoutpermission
writingfrom
fromthe
thepublisher.
publisher.
2–14. Two bars are used to support a load. When unloaded,

7–93. y
AB isis125
5 in.
mmlong, ACisis 8200
long,AC in.mm
long, and
long, andthethering
ringatatA
A has
coordinates (0, 0). If a load P acts on the ring at A, the normal
strain in AB becomes ePAB
AB becomes AB==0.02 in .>in ., and the normal
0.02mm/mm, B C
60
60�
in AC
strain in becomeseAC
AC becomes PAC= =0.035
0.035mm/mm.
in .>in . Determine the
coordinate position
position of
of the
thering
ringdue
duetotothe
theload.
load.
1255mm
in. 200
8 in.mm
A x

œ
LAB = LAB + eAB LAB = 125
5 + +(0.02)(5)
(0.02)(125) = 127.5
= 5.10 in. mm
œ
LAC = LAC + eACLAC = 8200
+ +(0.035)(8)
(0.035)(200) = 207.0
= 8.28 in. mm
Geometry:
a =2 -200
a = 28 2
4.3301 2
− 108=.25 2
6.7268 in. mm
= 168.17
5.10 12 27.522
= 9.2268 2 2 2
+ 8.28
= 230.67 2
- 2(9.2268)(8.28)
+ 207.02 cos u
– 2(230.67)(207.0)
u = 33.317°
u = 33.317°
= 8.28
x¿ x9 = cos 33.317°
207.0 = 6.9191
cos 33.317° in. mm
= 172.98
= 8.28
y¿ y9 = sin 33.317°
207.0 = 4.5480
sin 33.317° in. mm
= 113.70
x = -(x¿ - a)
x = (x9 – a)
= - (6.9191
= - 6.7268)
–(172.98 = =
– 168.17) - 0.192
–4.81 in.
mm Ans.
= -y =
y - 4.3301)
(y¿ (y9 – 108.25)
= -(4.5480
= - 4.3301)
–(113.70 = -
– 108.25) = 0.218
–5.45 in.
mm Ans.
230.67 mm
62.5 mm
108.25 mm 127.5 mm 207.0 mm

125 mm 200 mm
80
495
SM_CH07B.indd 495 4/11/11 9:53:50 AM

© 2011
© 2010 Pearson
Pearson Education,
Education, Inc.,
Inc., Upper
Upper Saddle
Saddle River,
River, NJ.NJ.
AllAll rights
rights reserved.
reserved. This
This material
protected under
copyright laws
laws asas they
they currently
currently
exist.
exist. NoNo portion
portion of of this
this material
material maymay
bebe reproduced,
reproduced, in in
anyany form
form or or
byby
anyany means,
means, without
without permission
writing from
publisher.
2–15.
7–94. Two bars are used to support a load P. When y
unloaded, AB ABisis5 125
in. long,
mmAC is 8AC
long, in. long,
is 200and
mmthelong,
ring at
and
A
has
the coordinates
ring at A has (0,coordinates
0). If a load (0,
is applied
0). If a to theisring
load at A, so
applied to
that it moves
the ring at A, soitthat
to itthe
movescoordinate position (0.25
it to the coordinate in.,
position B C
60�
60
-0.73mm,
(6.25 in.),–18.25
determine
mm),the normal strain
determine in eachstrain
the normal bar. in each
bar.
1255mm
in. 8 in.mm
200
A x
Geometry:
282200
a = a = − 1082.25
- 24.3301 =2 6.7268
= 168.17
in. mm
LA¿B
A9B = (62.5 ++6.25
= 2(2.5 )2 +2 (+108
0.25) .25 + 18+.25
(4.3301 )2 2
0.73)
= 143.98
= 5.7591 mm
in.
L A¿C == (2(6.7268
LA9C )2 + (2108
168.17 − 6.-250.25) 25 + 18.25
+ .(4.3301 2
+ )0.73)2
= 205 .48 mm
==205.48
8.2191mm
in.
LA¿B - LAB
eAB =
LAB
5.7591 –-125
143.98 5
= == 0.152 in.>in.
mm/mm Ans.
5
125
LA¿C - LAC
eAC =
LAC
8.2191 –-200
205.48 8
= == 0.0274 in.>in.
mm/mm Ans.
8
200
230.67 mm
62.5 mm
108.25 mm
108.25 mm
125 mm 200 mm
18.25 mm
6.25 mm
62.5 mm
81
496
SM_CH07B.indd 496 4/11/11 9:53:51 AM

©©2011
2010Pearson
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Allrights
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Thismaterial
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lawsasasthey
theycurrently
currently
exist.
exist.No
Noportion
portionofofthis
thismaterial
materialmay
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reproduced,ininany
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formororbybyany
anymeans,
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withoutpermission
writingfrom
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thepublisher.
publisher.
7–95. The square deforms into the position shown by the

*2–16. y
dashed lines. Determine the average normal strain along
each diagonal, AB and CD. Side D¿B¿ remains horizontal. 3 mm
D¿ B¿
B
Geometry: D
AB = CD = 2502 + 502 = 70.7107 mm

53 mm 50 mm
C¿D¿ = 2532 + 582 - 2(53)(58) cos 91.5°
91.5�
= 79.5860 mm
C
B¿D¿ = 50 + 53 sin 1.5° - 3 = 48.3874 mm x
A C¿
AB¿ = 2532 + 48.38742 - 2(53)(48.3874) cos 88.5° 50 mm

8 mm
= 70.8243 mm
AB¿ - AB
eAB =
AB
70.8243 - 70.7107
= = 1.61 A 10 - 3 B mm>mm Ans.
70.7107
C¿D¿ - CD
eCD =
CD
79.5860 - 70.7107
= = 126 A 10 - 3 B mm>mm Ans.
70.7107
•2–17. The three cords are attached to the ring at B. When

*7–96. A¿ B¿
a force is applied to the ring it moves it to point B¿ , such
that the normal strain in AB is PAB and the normal strain in A
CB is PCB. Provided these strains are small, determine the B
normal strain in DB. Note that AB and CB remain
horizontal and vertical, respectively, due to the roller guides
at A and C.
L
Coordinates of B (L cos u, L sin u)

u
Coordinates of B¿ (L cos u + eAB L cos u, L sin u + eCB L sin u) C¿
2 2
D C
LDB¿ = 2(L cos u + eAB L cos u) + (L sin u + eCB L sin u)
LDB¿ = L2cos2 u(1 + 2eAB + e2AB) + sin2 u(1 + 2eCB + e2CB)
Since eAB and eCB are small,
LDB¿ = L21 + (2 eAB cos2 u + 2eCB sin2 u)

Use the binomial theorem,
1
LDB¿ = L ( 1 + (2 eAB cos2 u + 2eCB sin2 u))
2
= L ( 1 + eAB cos2 u + eCB sin2 u)
L( 1 + eAB cos2 u + eCB sin2 u) - L
Thus, eDB =
L
eDB = eAB cos2 u + eCB sin2 u Ans.
82
497
SM_CH07B.indd 497 4/11/11 9:53:52 AM

© 2011
© 2010 Pearson
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Inc., Upper
Upper Saddle
Saddle River,
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rights reserved.
reserved. This
This material
protected under
copyright laws
laws asas they
they currently
currently
exist.
exist. NoNo portion
portion of of this
this material
material maymay
bebe reproduced,
reproduced, in in
anyany form
form or or
byby
anyany means,
means, without
without permission
writing from
publisher.
2–18.
7–97 The piece of plastic is originally rectangular. y
Determine the shear strain gxy at corners A and B if the 5 mm
plastic distorts as shown by the dashed lines. 2 mm
4 mm
2 mm B
C
300 mm
Geometry: For small angles,
2 mm x
2 D A
a = c = = 0.00662252 rad 400 mm
302 3 mm
2
b = u = = 0.00496278 rad
403
Shear Strain:
(gB)xy = a + b
= 0.0116 rad = 11.6 A 10 - 3 B rad Ans.
(gA)xy = -(u + c)
= -0.0116 rad = - 11.6 A 10 - 3 B rad Ans.
2–19.
7–98 The piece of plastic is originally rectangular. y
Determine the shear strain gxy at corners D and C if the 5 mm
plastic distorts as shown by the dashed lines. 2 mm
4 mm
2 mm B
C
300 mm
2 mm x
D A
400 mm
3 mm
Geometry: For small angles,
2
a = c = = 0.00496278 rad
403
2
b = u = = 0.00662252 rad
302
Shear Strain:
(gC)xy = -(a + b)
= -0.0116 rad = - 11.6 A 10 - 3 B rad Ans.
(gD)xy = u + c
= 0.0116 rad = 11.6 A 10 - 3 B rad Ans.
83
498
SM_CH07B.indd 498 4/11/11 9:53:53 AM

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Allrights
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Thismaterial
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lawsasasthey
theycurrently
currently
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exist.No
Noportion
portionofofthis
thismaterial
materialmay
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formororbybyany
anymeans,
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thepublisher.
publisher.
7–99. The piece of plastic is originally rectangular.

*2–20. y
Determine the average normal strain that occurs along the 5 mm
diagonals AC and DB. 2 mm
4 mm
2 mm B
Geometry: C
AC = DB = 24002 + 3002 = 500 mm 300 mm
DB¿ = 24052 + 3042 = 506.4 mm

2 mm x
D A
A¿C¿ = 24012 + 3002 = 500.8 mm 400 mm
3 mm
A¿C¿ - AC 500.8 - 500

eAC = =
AC 500
= 0.00160 mm>mm = 1.60 A 10 - 3 B mm>mm Ans.
DB¿ - DB 506.4 - 500

eDB = =
DB 500
= 0.0128 mm>mm = 12.8 A 10 - 3 B mm>mm Ans.
•2–21. The force applied to the handle of the rigid lever

arm causes the arm to rotate clockwise through an angle of D
3° about pin A. Determine the average normal strain
developed in the wire. Originally, the wire is unstretched.
600 mm
Geometry: Referring to Fig. a, the stretched length of LB¿D can be determined using
the consine law,
45� C
A
LB¿D = 2(0.6 cos 45°)2 + (0.6 sin 45°)2 - 2(0.6 cos 45°)(0.6 sin 45°) cos 93°
B
= 0.6155 m
Average Normal Strain: The unstretched length of wire BD is LBD = 0.6 m. We
obtain
LB¿D - LBD 0.6155 - 0.6

eavg = = = 0.0258 m>m Ans.
LBD 0.6
84
499
SM_CH07B.indd 499 4/11/11 9:53:55 AM

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
1–101. The 200-mm-diameter aluminum cylinder supports

•*7–100. 300 kN
a compressive load of 300 kN. Determine the average normal
and shear stress acting on section a–a. Show the results on a
differential element located on the section.
a
Referring to the FBD of the upper segment of the cylinder sectional through a–a
shown in Fig. a,
30�
+ Q©Fx¿ = 0; Na - a - 300 cos 30° = 0 Na - a = 259.81 kN
a
+ a©Fy¿ = 0; Va - a - 300 sin 30° = 0 Va - a = 150 kN
0.1
Section a–a of the cylinder is an ellipse with a = 0.1 m and b = m. Thus,
cos 30°
0.1
A a - a = pab = p(0.1)a b = 0.03628 m2. d
cos 30°
Na - a 259.81(103)
A sa - a B avg = = = 7.162(106) Pa = 7.16 MPa Ans.
Aa - a 0.03628
Va - a 150(103)
A ta - a B avg = = = 4.135(106) Pa = 4.13 MPa Ans.
Aa - a 0.03628
The differential element representing the state of stress of a point on section a–a is
shown in Fig. b
7–101. The long bolt passes through the 30-mm-thick

1–102.
plate. If the force in the bolt shank is 8 kN, determine the 8 mm a
average normal stress in the shank, the average shear stress 7 mm
along the cylindrical area of the plate defined by the section b 8 kN
lines a–a, and the average shear stress in the bolt head along 18 mm
the cylindrical area defined by the section lines b–b. b
a
P 8 (103) 30 mm
ss = = = 208 MPa Ans.
A p
4 (0.007)2
V 8 (103)
(tavg)a = = = 4.72 MPa Ans.
A p (0.018)(0.030)
V 8 (103)
(tavg)b = = = 45.5 MPa Ans.
A p (0.007)(0.008)
500
68
SM_CH07B.indd 500 4/11/11 9:53:56 AM

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theycurrently
currently
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exist.No
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portionofofthis
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materialmay
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formororby
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7–102.
1–103. Determine the required thickness of member BC
and the diameter of the pins at A and B if the allowable C
normal stress
stress for
formember
memberBC BCis issallow = 29MPa
= 200
sallow and the
ksi and
allowable shear stress for the pins is tallow == 70
10MPa.
ksi.
1.5mm
40 in.
Referring to the FBD of member AB, Fig. a,
a + ©MA = 0; 2(8)(4) - F
30(2.4)(1.2) –BC sinsin
FBC 60°60° = 0= 0
(8)(2.4) FBC F=BC9.238 kipkN
= 41.57 60�
60
B
: ©Fx = 0;
+ 8 ftm
2.4 A
41.57 cos 60° –-AAx x= =
9.238 0 0 A x = 4.619
Ax kip
= 20.785 kN
+ c ©Fy = 0; 41.57 sin 60° –- 30(2.4)

9.238 2(8) + +AAyy = 0
0 y y==8.00
AA kip
36.00 kN
2 kip/ft
30 kN/m
FA == 2Ax2A+2x A+y2 A
F = 2y =202 2
4.619
.785 2
+ 36 2 2
+.008.00 = 9.238
= 41.57 kN kip
Pin A is subjected to single shear, Fig. c, while pin B is subjected to double shear,
Fig. b.
FBCFBC 41.57
9.238
VA ==FF
V AA= =
41.57 kN
9.238 kip VBV=
B = = = = 20.785 kN kip
= 4.619
2 2 2 2
For member BC
FBC 41.57(103)
9.238
sallow = ; 200==
29 t = t = 5.196in.
0.2124 mm
A BC 1.5(t)
40(t)
1
UseUse 6 mm
t = t =in. Ans.
4
For pin A,
VA 9.238
41.57(103)
tallow = ; 1070== p 2p 2 d A d=A =
1.085
27.5in.
mm
AA 4 d A4 dA
1
dA d=A =
UseUse 1 28inmm Ans.
8
For pin B,
VB 4.619
20.785(103)
tallow = ; 1070== p 2 p =B =
dB d 0.7669
19.4 in
mm
AB 2
4 d B4 dB
13
dB d=B = 20
UseUse inmm Ans.
16
FBC = 41.57 kN
1.2 m 1.2 m
30(2.4) kN FA = 41.57 kN
69
501
SM_CH07B.indd 501 4/11/11 9:53:58 AM

©©
2010 Pearson
2011 Pearson Education,
Education,Inc., Upper
Inc., UpperSaddle River,
Saddle NJ.
River, NJ.All
Allrights
rightsreserved.
reserved.This
Thismaterial
protectedunder
copyrightlaws
lawsasasthey
theycurrently
currently
exist. No
exist. portion
No ofof
portion this material
this may
material bebe
may reproduced,
reproduced,ininany
anyform
formoror
byby
any
anymeans,
means,without
without permission inin
permission writing from
writing fromthe publisher.
the publisher.
7–103. Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on

*1–104. 2.5
150kN/m
lb/ft
the cross sections located through points D and E of the frame.
Segment AD: D B
0.45
1.5 ftm
: ©Fx = 0;
+ A
ND –-61.2
N = 0; = 0; ND = 1.20 kipND = 6 kN Ans. 1.2
4 ftm
E
+ T ©Fy = 0; 0.225 ++2 0.4

VDD + 1.125 = 0; = 0; VD = V-0.625 kipkN
D = –3.13 Ans.
2.5 ftm
0.75
a + ©MD = 0; D+
MM + 0.225(0.75)
D 1.125(0.225) + 0.4(1.5)
+ 2(0.45) =0= 0
C
MD = –1.153 = -
MD kN ·m0.769 kip # ft Ans. 0.9
3 ftm 1.5
5 ftm
Segment CE:
Q+ ©Fx = 0; NE ++ 10
N 2.0= =
0; 0; NE = - 2.00 kip
NE = –10 kN Ans.
R + ©Fy = 0; VE = 0 Ans.
a + ©ME = 0; ME = 0 Ans.
2.5(2.4) = 6 kN
6 kN
2 kN 10 kN
2.5(0.45) = 1.125 kN
6 kN
0.45 m
2 kN
*7–104.
•1–105. The pulley is held fixed to the 20-mm-diameter
shaft using a key that fits within a groove cut into the pulley a a
and shaft. If the suspended load has a mass of 50 kg,
determine the average shear stress in the key along section
a–a. The key is 5 mm by 5 mm square and 12 mm long. 75 mm
a + ©MO = 0; F (10) - 490.5 (75) = 0
F = 3678.75 N
V 3678.75
tavg = = = 61.3 MPa Ans.
A (0.005)(0.012)
70
502
SM_CH07B.indd 502 4/11/11 9:53:59 AM

7–105.
1–106. The bearing pad consists of a 150 mm by 150 mm 6 kN
block of aluminum that supports a compressive load of
6 kN. Determine the average normal and shear stress acting
on the plane through section a–a. Show the results on a
differential volume element located on the plane. a
+ Q©Fx = 0; Va - a - 6 cos 60° = 0 Va - a = 3.00 kN

30�
a+ ©Fy = 0; Na - a - 6 sin 60° = 0 Na - a = 5.196 kN
a
150 mm
Averge Normal Stress And Shear Stress: The cross sectional Area at section a–a is
0.15
A = a b (0.15) = 0.02598 m2.
sin 60°
Na - a 5.196(103)
sa - a = = = 200 kPa Ans.
A 0.02598
Va - a 3.00(103)
ta - a = = = 115 kPa Ans.
A 0.02598
1–107. The yoke-and-rod connection is subjected to a 40 mm

5 kN
tensile force of 5 kN. Determine the average normal stress
in each rod and the average shear stress in the pin A
between the members.
For the 40 – mm – dia rod:

30 mm
P 5 (103)
s40 = = p 2
= 3.98 MPa Ans. A
A 4 (0.04)
25 mm
For the 30 – mm – dia rod: 5 kN
V 5 (103)
s30 = = p 2
= 7.07 MPa Ans.
4 (0.03)
A
Average shear stress for pin A:
P 2.5 (103)
tavg = = p 2
= 5.09 MPa Ans.
4 (0.025)
A
71
503
SM_CH07B.indd 503 4/11/11 9:54:00 AM

© 2011
© 2010 Pearson
Pearson Education,
Education, Inc.,
Inc., Upper
Upper Saddle
Saddle River,
River, NJ.NJ.
AllAll rights
rights reserved.
reserved. This
This material
protected under
copyright laws
laws asas they
they currently
currently
exist.
exist. NoNo portion
portion of of this
this material
material maymay
bebe reproduced,
reproduced, in in
anyany form
form or or
byby
anyany means,
means, without
without permission
writing from
publisher.
2–26. The material distorts into the dashed position

7–106 y
shown. Determine (a) the average normal strains along
sides AC and CD and the shear strain gxy at F, and (b) the 15 mm 25 mm
average normal strain along line BE. C D
10 mm
B
E
90 mm 75 mm
x
A 80 mm F
Referring to Fig. a,
LBE = 2(90 - 75)2 + 802 = 26625 mm
LAC¿ = 21002 + 152 = 210225 mm
LC¿D¿ = 80 - 15 + 25 = 90 mm
25 p rad
f = tan-1 ¢ ≤ = 14.04° ¢ ≤ = 0.2450 rad.
100 180°
When the plate deforms, the vertical position of point B and E do not change.
LBB¿ 15
= ; LBB¿ = 13.5 mm
90 100
LEE¿ 25
= ; LEE¿ = 18.75 mm
75 100
LB¿E¿ = 2(90 - 75)2 + (80 - 13.5 + 18.75)2 = 27492.5625 mm
Thus,
LAC¿ - LAC 210225 - 100

A eavg B AC = = = 0.0112 mm>mm Ans.
LAC 100
LC¿D¿ - LCD 90 - 80
A eavg B CD = = = 0.125 mm>mm Ans.
LCD 80
LB¿E¿ - LBE 27492.5625 - 26625

A eavg B BE = = = 0.0635 mm>mm Ans.
LBE 26625
Referring to Fig. a, the angle at corner F becomes larger than 90° after the plate
deforms. Thus, the shear strain is negative.
0.245 rad Ans.
87
504
SM_CH07B.indd 504 4/11/11 9:54:00 AM

©©2011
2010Pearson
PearsonEducation,
Education,Inc.,
Inc.,Upper
UpperSaddle
SaddleRiver,
River,NJ.
NJ.All
Allrights
rightsreserved.
reserved.This
Thismaterial
protectedunder
copyrightlaws
lawsasasthey
theycurrently
currently
exist.
exist.No
Noportion
portionofofthis
thismaterial
materialmay
maybebereproduced,
reproduced,ininany
anyform
formororbybyany
anymeans,
means,without
withoutpermission
writingfrom
fromthe
thepublisher.
publisher.
2–27. The material distorts into the dashed position

7–107 y
shown. Determine the average normal strain that occurs
along the diagonals AD and CF. 15 mm 25 mm
C D
10 mm
The undeformed length of diagonals AD and CF are B
2 2 E
LAD = LCF = 280 + 100 = 216400 mm
The deformed length of diagonals AD and CF are
90 mm 75 mm
2 2
LAD¿ = 2(80 + 25) + 100 = 221025 mm
LC¿F = 2(80 - 15)2 + 1002 = 214225 mm x

A 80 mm F
Thus,
LAD¿ - LAD 221025 - 216400
A eavg B AD = = = 0.132 mm>mm Ans.
LAD 216400
LC¿F - LCF 214225 - 216400
A eavg B CF = = = -0.0687 mm>mm Ans.
LCF 216400
*2–28. The wire is subjected to a normal strain that is 2

2 P � xe�x
defined by P = xe - x , where x is in millimeters. If the wire
x
has an initial length L, determine the increase in its length.
x
2
dL = e dx = x e-x dx
L
L0
2
¢L = x e-x dx
L
1 1 1
= - c e-x d � = - c e-L - d
2 2
2 0 2 2
1 2
= [1 - e-L ] Ans.
2
88
505
SM_CH07B.indd 505 4/11/11 9:54:01 AM

©© 2011
2010 Pearson
Pearson Education,
Education, Inc.,
Inc., Upper
Upper Saddle
Saddle River,
River, NJ.All
NJ. Allrights
rightsreserved.
reserved.This
Thismaterial
protectedunder
copyrightlaws
lawsasasthey
theycurrently
currently
exist.
exist. NoNo portion
portion ofof this
this material
material may
any form
form oror
byby any
any means,
means, without
without permission
writing from
from the
the publisher.
publisher.
*7–108. The cable has a specific weight g (weight>volume)

*1–108. A B
and cross-sectional area A. If the sag s is small, so that its
length is approximately L and its weight can be distributed s
uniformly along the horizontal axis, determine the average C
normal stress in the cable at its lowest point C.
L/2 L/2
gAL L
a + ©MA = 0; Ts - a b = 0
2 4
gAL2
T =
8s
Average Normal Stress:
gAL2
T 8s gL2
s = = = Ans.
A A 8s
72
506
SM_CH07B.indd 506 4/11/11 9:54:01 AM

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7–1. Determine the resultant internal normal force acting

7–2. Determine the resultant internal torque acting on the

7–3. Determine the resultant internal torque acting on the

SM_CH07A.indd 435 4/11/11 9:52:37 AM

*7–4. A force of 80 N is supported by the bracket as

a+ ©Fy¿ = 0; VA - 80 sin 15° = 0

a+ ©MA = 0; MA + 80 cos 45°(0.3 cos 30°)

- 80 sin 45°(0.1 + 0.3 sin 30°) = 0

a+ ©MA = 0; MA + 80 sin 15°(0.3 + 0.1 sin 30°)

-80 cos 15°(0.1 cos 30°) = 0

SM_CH07A.indd 436 4/11/11 9:52:38 AM

Support Reactions: For member AB

Equations of Equilibrium: For point D

+ c ©Fy = 0; 3.00 -– 12.5

a + ©MD = 0; MD ++ 12.25( 2 - 3.00(6)

Equations of Equilibrium: For point E

SM_CH07A.indd 437 4/11/11 9:52:39 AM

Equations of Equilibrium: For point C

+ c ©Fy = 0; A y - 0.5333 = 0 A y = 0.5333 kN

Equations of Equilibrium: For point C

SM_CH07A.indd 438 4/11/11 9:52:39 AM

Referring to the FBD of the entire beam, Fig. a,

+ c ©Fy = 0; 7.50 - 6 - VC = 0 VC = 1.50 kN Ans.

a + ©MC = 0; MC + 6(0.5) - 7.5(1) = 0 MC = 4.50 kN # m Ans.

Referring to the FBD of the entire beam, Fig. a,

Referring to the FBD of this segment, Fig. b,

SM_CH07A.indd 439 4/11/11 9:52:40 AM

Equations of Equilibrium: For point A 0.750(0.9) = 0.675 kN

lb #· ftm = - 1.125 kip # ft

Equations of Equilibrium: For point C

SM_CH07A.indd 440 4/11/11 9:52:40 AM

SM_CH07A.indd 441 4/11/11 9:52:41 AM

+ c ©Fy = 0; VBB –- 40.8

7–14. Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on

+ c ©Fy = 0; VDD -– 0.45

SM_CH07A.indd 442 4/11/11 9:52:42 AM

+ b©Fx = 0; ND - 20 sin 30° = 0; ND = 10 N Ans. B

SM_CH07A.indd 443 4/11/11 9:52:43 AM

a + ©MC = 0; 5.303 sin 45°(3) - 5(1.5) - Ma - a = 0 Ma - a = 3.75 kN # m Ans.

Referring to the FBD (section b–b) in Fig. c,

+ c ©Fy = 0; Vb - b - 5 sin 45° = 0 Vb - b = 3.536 kN = 3.54 kN Ans.

a + ©MC = 0; 5.303 sin 45° (3) - 5(1.5) - Mb - b = 0

SM_CH07A.indd 444 4/11/11 9:52:44 AM

Referring to the FBD of the entire beam, Fig. a,

SM_CH07A.indd 445 4/11/11 9:52:45 AM

Referring to the FBD of the entire beam, Fig. a, A B

•1–21. The forged steel clamp exerts a force of F = 900 N 200 mm

a + ©MA = 0; 900(0.2) - Ma - a = 0 Ma - a = 180 N # m Ans.

SM_CH07A.indd 446 4/11/11 9:52:46 AM

= 4400 mm2 = 4.4 (10-3) m2

7–22. The lever is held to the fixed shaft using a tapered

a + ©MO = 0; - F(12) + 20(500) = 0; F = 833.33 N

SM_CH07A.indd 447 4/11/11 9:52:47 AM

1–33. The bar has a cross-sectional area A and is

R+ ©Fx = 0; V - P cos u = 0 V = P cos u

Q+ ©Fy = 0; N - P sin u = 0 N = P sin u

*7–24. The built-up shaft consists of a pipe AB and solid

SM_CH07A.indd 448 4/11/11 9:52:47 AM

Joint A: FAB = 66.67 kN

FAB 3 FAE = 53.333 kN

SM_CH07A.indd 449 4/11/11 9:52:48 AM

7–26. The bars of the truss each have a cross-sectional