Beruflich Dokumente
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0
Rev
Client :
Project :
Designer
For approval
Description
Date
03-01-2015
MR
Checked
OPGS
TS
Approved
2*150MW COAL BASED TPP
VOLTECH ENGINEERS PVT LTD
Tilte :
Doc.No :
Description:
VE-J-234-D-E-001
LINE PROTECTION
INPUT DETAILS
system voltage 220 kV
CT Details
CT Ratio 1600-800/1A
Adopted CT Ratio 800/1A 1600
CT Primary 1600 A
CT Secondary 1 A
Class PS
System Details
VT Ratio 220kV/√3 2000
110V/√3
VT Primary 220000 V
VT Secondary 110 V
Frequency 50HZ
fault current 40.00 kA
OHL Details
Condutor type AL-59
Line Length 14 km
Line impedence
Positive sequence impedence (Z1) 0.0021 +j 0.219
Zero sequence impedence ( Z0 ) 0.0063 +j 0.657
Line Length 14 km
Current rating in Amps 1600 (Max.CT Primary Current is considered)
Line impedences
Z1 0.219 L 89.450 Ω/km
Z0 0.657 L 89.450 Ω/km
Z0/Z1 3.000 L 0.000 °
Therefore set Line Impedence and Line Angle = 2.45 L 89.0 Ω secondary
Zone 1 Phase Reach Settings
Required Zone 1 reach is to be 85% of the Protected line
Zone 1 Reach = (0.85*2.45)
°
Z1= 2.08 L 89 Ω secondary
The Line Angle = 89 °
Therefore actual Zone 1 reach, Z1 2.08 L 89 Ω secondary
(0.0063+j0.657)-(0.0021+j0.219)
Z0-Z1 = 0.0042 +j 0.438
0.438 L 89.450
(0.438/(3*0.219)) L 89.45-89.45
(Z0-Z1) / 3Z1 =
0.667 L 0.00 °
kZ0 Res. Comp, │kZ0│ = 0.667
kZ0 Angle, L kZ0 = 0.0 °
(110V/√3 /1)
Minimum Load impedence to the relay =
63.51 Ω secondary
Typically,phase fault distance zones would avoid the minimum load impedence by a margin of ≥ 40%,earth fault zones
would use a ≥ 20% margin.
This allows maximum resistive reaches for Phase faults = 38.11 Ω secondary
This allows maximum resistive reaches for Earth faults = 50.81 Ω secondary
Ra = (28710 x L) / If^1.4
Where: If = Minimum expected phase-phase fault current (A);
L = Maximum phase conductor separation (m);
Ra = Arc resistance, calculated from the van Warrington formula (W).
3-phase faults:
Source Impedance, Zs = kV/ √3 * I SCC
= 220/(1.732*40)
= 3.18 Ω
positive sequence Line Impedance = 3.066
Ztot = 6 Ω
The minimum three-phase fault current without fault resistance
I 3ph min = 220000/(1.732*6)
= 20350.48 A
fault current = 20.350 kA
Conductor spaces = 5 mtrs
Primary resistive coverage for phase
0.133 Ω
faults
assuming a typical earth fault coverage 40 Ω
RPH (min)-secondary 0.133*0.8 0.107 Ω
RG (min) 40*0.8 32 Ω
SOTF
SOTF Protection operates 120% of fault current with breaker closing command
Fault current = 20350 A
= 1.2*20350.4794062777
= 24420.5753
= 15.2628596 A
Breaker Fail
GROUP 1 SUPERVISION
VT Supervision
VTS Time Delay 5 s
VTS I2>IO>inhibit 0.2 A
Detect 3P Enabled
Threshold 3P 10V
Delta I> 0.2 A
PROJECT: 2*150MW COAL BASED TPP DOC.NO
CLIENT: OPGS VE-J-234-D-E-001
PRPD: AJ
TITLE: Relay setting calculation DATE REV
CKD: MR
220KV MOKHA LINE FEEDER 03-01-2015 0 APPRVD TS
220kV MOKHA LINE DISTANCE PROTECTION RELAY TYPE : REL650
INPUT DETAILS
System Data
System Voltage 220 kV
System Frequency 50 Hz
Fault Level 40 kA
CT Details
CT Primary 1600 A
CT Secondary 1A
PT Details:
PT Ratio = 220000/110V
PT Primary Voltage = 220000 V
PT Secondary Voltage = 110 V
System Frequency = 50 HZ
Zone 1 Settings
Required Zone 1 reach is to be 85% of the Protected line
X1-Z1 prim = 85% * X1prim = 2.606
X1-Z1 sec = Nct/Nvt * X1prim = 2.085
Zone 2 Settings
Zone 2 element setting with a reach of 120% of Protected line reactance accounts for effect of infeed.This point must be verified
using a fault study to calculate
the apparent ohms at the local terminal for a fault at the remote end of transmission line. In our case 120% is considered for the
assurance that all faults in the protected line are detectable,even with infeed from remote terminals.
Assuming the zone-1 reach for the adjacent line protection is set at 85% of that line reactance, and it is to be verified such that the
zone-2 reach of 120%
(protected line) shall not extend beyond the max.effective zone-1 reach of the adjacent line protection.
Zone-2 setting limit = Protected line reactance + 0.85 * adjacent line reactance
= 15.437
Zone-2 setting with 120% reach = 2.943
Since 120%, 2.701 is lower than zone-2 limit, 8.744, then the zone-2 setting of 120% will not overreach beyond zone-1 setting of
adjacent line protection.
Therefore we can consider 120% of protected line reactance for zone-2.
Hence set X1 -Z2 prim = 3.679
Hence set X1-Z2 sec = 2.943
Zone 3 Settings
For Zone3 setting , it is customery to select (Protected line + 50% Adjacent longest line)
X1-Z3 prim, reach = 14.644
X1-Z3 sec = Nct/Nvt * X1prim*IN/A = 11.715
Zone 5 Settings
For Zone5 setting, reverse reach impedence is typically 20% Zone 1 reach Impedance.
X1-Z5 prim, reach = 0.521
X1-Z5 sec = Nct/Nvt * X1prim*IN/A = 0.417
Zone-2 setting
zone-2 time delay should be set to discreminative with the primary line protection of the next line sections
including circuit breaker trip time
Adjoining line protection operating time = 0.04
Breaker opening time = 0.08
Local relay reset = 0.03
Grading margin = 0.25
Required zone-2 time delay = 0.4
set zone-2 at = 0.4 sec
Zone-3 setting
zone-3 time delay shall be such that zone-2 time delay plus grading margin
zone-2 time delay = 0.4
Grading margin = 0.4
Required zone-3 time delay = 0.8
set zone-3 at = 0.8 sec
Zone-5 setting
zone-5 might be used to provide back up protection for the local bus bar. zone-5 time delay shall be such that LBB time delay
plus grading margin
LBB time delay = 0.2
Grading margin = 0.25
Required zone-5 time delay = 0.45
set zone-5 at = 0.5 sec
Ifault = Usource
Arc Resistance Calculation: √3*Ztot
3-phase faults:
Source Impedance, Zs = kV/ √3 * I SCC
= 220/(1.732*40)
= 3.18 Ω
positive sequence Line Impedance = 0.029 +J 3.066
= 3.066 Ω
Ztot = 6 Ω
The minimum three-phase fault current without fault resistance
I 3ph min = 220000/(1.732*6)
= 20350.48 A
The arc resistance will be calculated with the following equation
Rarc = Uarc/IF1.4
The arc voltage will be calculated using the following rule of thumb which provides a very conservative estimate
(the estimate Rarc is larger than the actual value)
Uarc = 28707 * L
Where
L = Length of the arc(for Phase to phase faults)
= 5.00 m (Assumed)
∴Rarc (Primary) = (28707*5)/(20350.48)^1.4
= 0.13 Ω
Setting of the resistive reach for the under reaching zone-1 should follow this condition.
Fault resistance for Ph-E fault Rf < 4.5 * X1PE
< 4.5*2.085
< 9.38 Ω
Total Fault resistance (RFPE) for Ph-E fault zone 1 = RT + Rarc + R1PE
= 8+0.189+0.02
= 8.21 Ω
Rf is lower than 80% of the load, we take Rf value,
Maximum allowable Resistive reach for Zone 1 = 9.38 Ω
Our set value should be less than the above value and to get Zone segrication.
Setting of RFPE- Zone 1 = 4.00 Ω
Setting of the resistive reach for the under reaching zone-2 should follow this condition.
Fault resistance for Ph-E fault Rf < 4.5 * X2PE
< 4.5*2.943
< 16.56 Ω
Total Fault resistance (RFPE) for Ph-E fault zone 2 = RT + Rarc + R2PE
= 8+0.19+0.028
= 8.22 Ω
Rf is lower than 80% of the load, we take Rf value,
Maximum allowable Resistive reach for Zone 2 = 16.56 Ω
Our set value should be less than the above value and to get Zone segrication.
Setting of RFPE- Zone 2 = 8.00 Ω
Setting of the resistive reach for the under reaching zone-3 should follow this condition.
Fault resistance for Ph-E fault Rf < 4.5 * X3PE
< 4.5*11.715
< 52.72 Ω
Total Fault resistance (RFPE) for Ph-E fault zone 3 = RT + Rarc + R3PE
= 8+0.19+1.867
= 10.06 Ω
Rf is lower than 80% of the load, we take Rf value,
Maximum allowable Resistive reach for Zone 3 = 52.72 Ω
Our set value should be less than the above value and to get Zone segrication.
Setting of RFPE- Zone 3 = 16.00 Ω
Setting of the resistive reach for the under reaching zone-5 should follow this condition.
Fault resistance for Ph-E fault Rf < 4.5 * X5PE
< 4.5*0.417
< 1.88 Ω
Total Fault resistance (RFPE) for Ph-E fault zone 5 = RT + Rarc + R5PE
= 8+0.19+0.004
= 8.19 Ω
Rf is lower than 80% of the load, we take Rf value,
Maximum allowable Resistive reach for Zone 5 = 1.88 Ω
Our set value should be less than the above value and to get Zone segrication.
Setting of RFPE- Zone 5 = 0.40 Ω
To avoid load encroachment for the phase to earth measuring elements, the set resistive reach of any distance zone must be less
than 80%of the
minimum load impedance.
RFPE = 0.8 * Zload
= 0.8*57.159
= 45.73 Ω
Limit the setting of the zone 1 reach in resistive direction for ph-ph loop measurement
Fault resistance for Ph-Ph fault Rf < 3* X1Z1
< 3*2.085
< 6.25 Ω
Total fault resistance (RFPP) for Ph-Ph Fault (Zone 1) = Rarc + R1PP
= 0.107+0.02
= 0.13 Ω
Rf is lesser than 160% of the load, we take Rf value,
Maximum allowable Resistive reach for Zone 1 = 6.25 Ω
Our set value should be less than the above value and to get Zone segrication.
Setting of RFPP- Zone 1 = 6.00 Ω
Limit the setting of the zone 2 reach in resistive direction for ph-ph loop measurement
Fault resistance for Ph-Ph fault Rf < 3 * X1Z2
< 3*2.943
< 8.83 Ω
Total fault resistance (RFPP) for Ph-Ph Fault (Zone 2) = Rarc + R2PP
= 0.107+0.028
= 0.13 Ω
Rf is lesser than 160% of the load, we take Rf value,
Maximum allowable Resistive reach for Zone 2 = 8.83 Ω
Our set value should be less than the above value and to get Zone segrication.
Setting of RFPP- Zone 2 = 4.00 Ω
Limit the setting of the zone 3 reach in resistive direction for ph-ph loop measurement
Fault resistance for Ph-Ph fault Rf < 3 * X1Z3
< 3*11.715
< 35.14 Ω
Total fault resistance (RFPP) for Ph-Ph Fault (Zone 3) = Rarc + R3PP
= 0.107+1.867
= 1.97 Ω
Rf is lesser than 160% of the load, we take Rf value,
Maximum allowable Resistive reach for Zone 3 = 35.14 Ω
Our set value should be less than the above value and to get Zone segrication.
Setting of RFPP- Zone 3 = 8.00 Ω
Limit the setting of the zone 5 reach in resistive direction for ph-ph loop measurement
Fault resistance for Ph-Ph fault Rf < 3 * X1Z3
< 3*0.417
< 0.06 Ω
Total fault resistance (RFPP) for Ph-Ph Fault (Zone 5) = Rarc + R3PP
= 0.107+0.004
= 0.11 Ω
Rf is lesser than 160% of the load, we take Rf value,
Maximum allowable Resistive reach for Zone 5 = 0.06 Ω
Our set value should be less than the above value and to get Zone segrication.
Setting of RFPP- Zone 5 = 0.02 Ω
To avoid load encroachment for the phase to phase measuring elements, the set resistive reach of any distance zone must be less
than 160%of the
minimum load impedance.
RFPP = 1.6 * Zload
= 1.6*57.159
= 91.45 Ω
PHASE SELECTION:
It is possible to set the reach of the phase- selection elements to cover with sufficient margin only the protected line and secure tripping of a
correct phase for the faults on the protected line only.
setting instructions:
The phase selection elements need not cover all distance protection zones with in the terminal. The main goal should be a correct
and
realiable phase selection for faults on the entire protected line.
The phase selection measuring elements must always cover the first corresponding overreaching zone (in most application cases :
zone-2)
for different fault loops.
A safety margin between 10% and 15% is recommended.
X1PP > X1PPZm2
> 2.94 Ω
> 3.00 Ω
X1InFw = 12.89 Ω
R1LIn = 2.05 Ω
R1FInFw = 8.80 Ω
Set the used principle forback-up tripping, with or without contact resp current checks
FunctionMode = Current
Set an additional time delay for a second back-up trip step if used. Will be added to t2 B-u trip time without checks
t3 = 0.03 Sec
Set the current level above which the contact base operation (if selected) is blocked
I>BlkCont = 20 %IB
SOTF
Setting of under current
Iph< = 20 %UB
Setting of the U< voltage
Uph< = 70 %UB
Set the required duration of low UI check to achieve operation
tDuration = 0.02 Sec
Set the time during which the fault is considered being a Switch Onto Fault case
tSOTF = 1 Sec
Set the required time for all currents and all voltages to be low to Auto Initiate the SOTF function.
tDLD = 0.2 Sec
Settings Table
DISTANCE PROTECTION:
NAME RECOMMENDED SETTING
General
GlobalBaseSel 1
Setting Group1
Operation On
IMinOpPP 20 %IB
IMinOpPE 20 %IB
IMinOpiN 5 %IB
Line Angle 0 Deg
ZONE-1
NAME RECOMMENDED SETTING
RFPE1 4.00 ohm/l
RFPP1 6.00 ohm/l
Z1 2.08
KNMag1 0.67
KNAng1 0 Deg
OpModetPE1 On
OpModetPP1 On
DirMode1 Forward
tPE1 0.000 s
tPP1 0.000 s
OpMode1 Enable Ph-E PhPh
ZONE-2
NAME RECOMMENDED SETTING
RFPE2 8.00 ohm/l
RFPP2 4.00 ohm/l
Z2 2.94
KNMag2 0.67
KNAng2 0 Deg
OpModetPE2 On
OpModetPP2 On
DirMode2 Forward
tPE2 0.400 s
tPP2 0.400 s
OpMode2 Enable Ph-E PhPh
ZONE-3
NAME RECOMMENDED SETTING
RFPE3 16.00 ohm/l
RFPP3 8.00 ohm/l
Z3 11.86
OpModetPE3 On
OpModetPP3 On
DirMode3 Forward
tPE3 0.800 s
tPP3 0.800 s
OpMode3 Enable Ph-E PhPh
ZONE-5
NAME RECOMMENDED SETTING
RFPE5 0.02 ohm/l
RFPP5 0.40 ohm/l
Z5 0.42
OpModetPE5 On
OpModetPP5 On
DirMode5 Reverse
tPE5 0.500 s
tPP5 0.500 s
OpMode5 Enable Ph-E PhPh
PHASE SELECTION:
NAME RECOMMENDED SETTING
OperationZ< ON
OperationI< OFF
INBlockPP 40.00 %Iph
INReleasePE 20.00 %Iph
RLdFw 43.73 ohm/p
RLdRv 43.73 ohm/p
ArgLd 32.00 0
Iph> 120.00 %IB
IN> 20.00 %IB
X1 3.00 ohm/l
X0 9.00 ohm/l
RFFwPP 4.00 ohm/l
RFRvPP 4.00 ohm/l
RFFwPE 9.00 ohm/l
RFRvPE 9.00 ohm/l
TimerPP Off
tPP 3.00 s
TimerPE Off
tPE 3.00 s
IMinOpPP 10.00 %IB
IMinOpPE 5.00 %IB
POWER SWING DETECTION:
NAME RECOMMENDED SETTING
Operation ON
X1InFw 12.89 ohm
R1LIn 2.05 ohm
R1FInFw 8.80 ohm
X1InRv 12.89 ohm
R1FInRv 8.80 ohm
OperationLdCh ON
RLdOutFw 43.73 ohm
ArgLd 32.00 0
RLdOutRv 43.73 ohm
kLdRFw 0.75 Multi
kLdRRv 0.75 Multi
tP1 0.045 S
tP2 0.015 S
tW 0.25 S
tH 0.50 S
tR1 0.30 S
tR2 0.20 S
BROKEN CONDUCTOR:
NAME RECOMMENDED SETTING
IBase 1600.00 A
Iub> 10.00 % IM
IP> 20.00 % IB
tOper 5.00 s
BREAKER FAILURE:
NAME RECOMMENDED SETTING
Ibase 1600.00 A
FunctionMode Current
BUTripMode 1 Out of 3
RetripMode CB Position check
IP> 10.00 %IB
IN> 10.00 %IB
t1 0.06 sec
t2 0.12 sec
t2MPh 0.12 sec
t3 0.03 sec
tPulse 0.20 sec
I>BlkCont 20.00 %IB
tCBAlarm 2.00 sec
SOTF
NAME RECOMMENDED SETTING
Mode impedance
AutoInit On
Iph< 20.00 % IB
Uph< 70.00 % UB
tDuration 0.02 sec
tSOTF 1.00 sec
tDLD 0.20 sec