received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynazMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may beMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynazMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may beMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to the transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to themics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturityMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to the of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to theMultiphase flows are encountered in a wide range of applications involving heat exchange, cavitation, sprays, porous media, etc. The computation of multiphase flows has received growing research attention in recent years, due in part to the evolving maturity of single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms. There remain, however, several physical and modeling challenges. A primary issue is the strong coupling of acoustic phenomena [1–5] due to the fact that the speed of sound in two-phase mixtures can be extremely low compared to the sound speeds in the individual component phases. Thus, multiphase flows are frequently characterized by local regions, wherein the flow may be transonic or even supersonic with the presence of shocks, although the bulk of the flow may remain essentially incompressible. This situation presents a unique challenge to the