 What Is Microwave?

Answer :

Electromagnetic waves having frequencies between 1 GHz to 300 GHz (it may be 300 MHz to
300 GHz) are called microwaves.

 What Are The Properties Of Microwaves?

Answer :

Microwave are unidirectional. This means that when an antenna transmits microwaves, they
travel in one direction. That is why microwave propagation is line of sight (LOS) propagation.
They are not reflected by ionosphere. High frequency microwaves can not penetrate an object
like wall.

Properties of Microwaves

Following are the main properties of Microwaves.

 Microwaves are the waves that discharge electromagnetic energy with smaller wavelength.
 Microwaves are not replicated by Ionosphere.
 Microwaves travel in a straight line and are replicated by the conducting surfaces.
 Microwaves are effortlessly weakened within shorter distances.
 Microwave currents can flow through a thin layer of a cable.

 What Are The Merits And Demerits Of Microwaves?

Answer :

Due to above properties microwaves have following advantages and disadvantages:

1. Due to line of sight propagation, a pair of antennas can be aligned without interfering
with another pair of aligned antennas.
2. Due to wide frequency bandwidth, high data transfer rate is possible.
3. Due to line of sight propagation, it can be transmitted long distance. But a problem is
faced due to its penetration properties.It can not be transfer inside a bound area. Also its
transformation has obstacles like hills trees, mountains, earth curvature etc. That is why
we need repeaters or tall towers for long distance transmission.
4. As they are not reflected by ionosphere, they can be used for space transmission.

 What Are The Applications Of Microwave?

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Answer :

They are used in several applications. Some of these are:

1. Communication (astronomy, satellite, WLAN, mobile,cellular, radar, TV etc)

2. Remote sensing and navigation (prediction/monitoring/guidence- traffic control, weather,
missile, aircraft etc)
3. Medical applications (cautery imaging, heart stimulation, therapy etc)

 What Are The Reasons For Using Microwave In Communication?

Answer :

1. Wider bandwidth due to higher frequency

2. Better resolution due to smaller wavelength
3. Higher speed of operation
4. Higher antenna gain (size reducing)
5. As the production of frequency in microwave range by natural resources are less , it is
more available and less crowed frequency spectrum.
6. Lower interference due to lower signal crowding.

 What Is Velocity Of Microwave?

Answer :

All electromagnetic wave has velocity of light. (Light,microwave,radio wave, infrared ray all are
electromagnetic wave).

Write The Applications Of Microwave Engineering?

Answer :

Following are the applications of microwave engineering:

1. Antenna gain is proportional to the electrical size of the antenna. At higher frequencies,
more antenna gain is therefore possible for a given physical antenna size, which has
important consequences for implementing miniaturized microwave systems.
2. More bandwidth can be realized at higher frequencies. Bandwidth is critically important
because available frequency bands in the electromagnetic spectrum are being rapidly
depleted.
3. Microwave signals travel by line of sight are not bent by the ionosphere as are lower
frequency signals and thus satellite and terrestrial communication links with very high
capacities are possible.

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