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Introduction to
LOINC
Daniel J. Vreeman, PT, DPT, MS, FACMI
Regenstrief-McDonald Scholar in Data Standards
Indiana University School of Medicine
© 2017
Disclosure
I’m the author of the book LOINC Essentials published by Blue Sky Premise, LLC
where I serve as President.
McDonald et al. Canopy Computing: using the Web in Clinical Practice. JAMA. 1998;280(15):1325-1329.
Collect once. Use many.
Health history
Patient-generated
EHR
Genetics
Basic science
photo via Heather | cc-by-sa
Problems
Health IT systems often lack
common mechanisms for MO DATA MO PROBLEMS
exchanging data.
Semantic Standards
Vocabulary/code systems
LOINC, SNOMED CT, RxNorm, ATC, ICD, etc
What is LOINC really
all about?
A freely available global standard…
delivered with a rich set of
implementation tools…
Est. 1994
Forrey AW, McDonald CJ, DeMoor G, et al. Logical observation identifier names and codes (LOINC) database: a public use set of codes and names for electronic
reporting of clinical laboratory test results. Clin Chem. 1996 Jan;42(1):81-90. PMID: 8565239.
A big toolbox:
LOINC Table
Accessory Files
RELMA
search.loinc.org
Community resources
Reference material
LForms
FHIR Vocabulary server
…and more!
photo via Robert S Donovan | cc-by-nc
59,000+ registered users from 171 countries
100,000
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
6/23/ 19995
7/ 28 19 5 | 1
9
9/14//19 5 || 1.0.0
12 15 19 95 1 a
4 /2 /1 95 | 1.0b
8/ / 1/ 99 | .0
1229/28/ 19 5 | 1.0 c
/3 19 19 95 1.0d
/ 1 96 96 | 1 e
1
10 /899 | 1 | 1 .0f
/9 /1 6 | .0 .0g
5//199991.0h(2
2 1 9 7h )
LOINC Codes
7/ /12/197 | | 1(3)
8/23/ /1 98 1.0 .0i
6/ 1999 | 1 j- a
2 1 9 9 .0
6/ /4/9999 | | 1 k
1 2 1 .0
Only Lab LOINC Codes
17|2. 8
|2 61
.6
3
LOINC grows
because USERS ask
We do measurements
LOINC is focused on one piece of
the interoperability puzzle
75547-0 Noninvasive prenatal fetal aneuploidy 75296-4 Carbohydrate intake 24 hour Estimated
and microdeletion panel based on Plasma cell- 82289-0 Rating of perceived exertion [Score]
free+WBC DNA by Dosage of chromosome-specific
circulating cell free (ccf) DNA 72166-2 Tobacco smoking status NHIS
Units
{
"resourceType": "Observation",
"id": "body-height",
"meta": {
"profile": [
"http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/
vitalsigns"
]
},
"text": {
"status": "generated",
"div": ""
},
Same thing.
"status": "final",
"code": {
"coding": [
{
"system": "http://loinc.org",
Different format.
"code": "8302-2",
"display": "Body height"
}
],
"text": "Body height"
},
LOINC Code
LOINC Fully Specified Name
NOT part of a LOINC Name
Reason for the test (disease it diagnoses)
Testing instrument
Specific details about the specimen
Priority (e.g. STAT)
Where testing was done
Who did the test
Test interpretation
Anything not part of naming the test
Stuff carried in other parts of HL7 message
Anatomy of a LOINC Term
8640-5:Pupil diameter:Len:Pt:Eye.left:Qn:Auto
Property Len
Timing Pt
System Eye.left
Scale Qn
Method Auto
Property Len
Timing 6M
System ^Patient
Scale Qn
Method
Vreeman DJ, McDonald CJ, Huff SM. Representing patient assessments in LOINC®. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2010;832-836. PMID: 21347095 .
Vreeman DJ, McDonald CJ, Huff SM. LOINC® - A Universal Catalog of Individual Clinical Observations and Uniform Representation of Enumerated Collections. Int J Funct Inform
Personal Med. 2010;3(4):273-291.
Item-level Attributes
Question Text
Question Source
External Copyright
Terms of Use
Description/Definition
Units of Measure (UCUM)
Data Types
Structured Answer Lists
Answer List Attributes
ID (contains “LL” prefix)
OID
External Link
Class Chem
Status Active
Order/Obs Both
LOINC Accessory Files
Special representations of LOINC content
Accessory Files
LOINC Part File
LOINC Answer File
LOINC Panels and Forms File
LOINC Document Ontology File
LOINC Multiaxial Hierarchy File
LOINC/IEEE Medical Device Code Mapping File
LOINC/RSNA Radiology Playbook File
LOINC/SNOMED CT Expression Association and Map Sets