Drilling Operation & Hazards Analysis PDF

Drilling Operation
&
Hazards Analysis
-TRAINING MATERIAL-
Sinopec Service
1st Jul, 2013
Forward
Focusing on employee’s training and improvement, and in order to effectively
improve the basic knowledge of drilling & workover operations of Sinopec
employee, systematically help you to make a general understanding of rig site
operations, clearly recognize and protect yourself from potential hazarders in
these operations, well know about drilling procedures, easily read & write daily
reports, and skillfully use basic calculations etc., Sinopec Service collects and
edits the Drilling Operation & Hazards Analysis, which covers the important
elements of drilling a well, Potential Hazards & related Possible Solutions,
Safety Alerts, DDR & DWR and Basic Calculations for Drilling etc.
The training material is composed of 16 Parts; you can easily read each part
with pdf label :
Part 1 is general illustrated glossary of drilling rig components. With reference

to the picture of important drilling rig component, you can read their general
description and learn their basic functions and principles.
Part 2 is job description of main positions in rig site, each crew member should
be familiar with his job and responsibilities, and understand other’s job, so that
one crew could cooperate together to work well and efficiently.
Part 3-9 are descriptions of general drilling and workover operations, which
calls for all the crew member to work together and make a good cooperation.
Moreover, worker safety awareness is necessary for injury prevention during
all phases of drilling operations. Potential hazards and related solutions are
necessary knowledge for involved crew member. Procedures and processes
will include safety meetings, JSAs, and general task-specific training. At the
end of each part, resources are identified which provide more details for
establishing safe work practices and procedures.
Part 10 is general safety and health in rig site, lists many general safety and
health concerns, safety programs. Safety is most important issue in drilling
operations, each member should obey regulations regarding HSE meeting,
safety inspections, JSA, Incident reporting procedures, PPE, PTW, H2S
precautions etc.
Part 11 is 14 safety alerts to review Safety Risk, Health Risk & Environment.
By learning these safety alerts, crew member should remember what went
wrong there and follow recommended corrective actions in the future work.
Part 12 is DDR & DWR of one well for drilling and workover, which describes
the whole operation in one well including drilling, bop test, trip in & out,
cementing, wire line logging, well test etc.
1
Part 13 is Safety Hazards Identification and Rectification, by comparing
unsafe action with safe action on pictures one by one , helps crew member to
clearly identify and prevent from safety hazards.
Part 14 is basic calculation for drilling and workover, which helps crew
member have a good knowledge of well pressure, pump output, capacity and
annular velocity etc. Only being familiar with these calculations, crew member
can easily identify drilling status and make a good cooperation.
Part 15 & Part 16 are only for key personnel in rig site (Tool Pusher, Driller,
and Assist Driller).
Part 15 is drill string and stuck pipe basis, it describes the capability of
downhole tubulars to withstand the maximum expected hookload, torque,
bending stresses, internal pressure, and external collapse pressure. Stuck
pipe is a common problem in drilling and workover operations, crew member
should understand the importance of preventing stuck pipe, understand how
the various forms of stuck pipe can be prevented, recognize the indications of
stuck pipe, calculate the pulling force required to free stuck pipe, calculate the
stuck pipe location and understand the remedial actions taken when stuck
pipe problems arise.
Part 16 in excel format is kill sheet for key personnel in rig site ((Tool Pusher,
Driller, and Assist Driller)), who should learn the example in this part and
skillfully use it in daily operations, so as to keep the well control in accordance
with company standard. There are exact calculation formula in the excel
document.
This material is structured to provide an easily understood, orderly flow of

learning experiences. This material is designed to review those general
operations that are unique to drilling or workover a well and to increase your
knowledge and understanding of wellsite operations.
The aim of the training you receive now is to develop your individual skills and
knowledge to make you become a competent, reliable professional within the
oil industry.
There is a lot to learn, and remember, the learning process will never end.
There are no real shortcuts. You will be required to learn for yourself, with
guidance and assistance from experienced rig site personnel or other
technicians.
This material is inter training document in Sinopec, Sinopec personnel

undertakes to keep the training material strictly confidential and not disclose to
any third party, if it is received accidently outside Sinopec, please delete it
immediately and do not transfer to any third party.
2
Should you have any questions, please feel free to contact the following
Email:
linl.sips@sinopec.com; guojj.sips@sinopec.com.
3
Contents
Forward.......................................................................................................................... 1
Contents .......................................................................................................................... I
1. Drilling Rig Components ........................................................................................ 1
2. Job Description ...................................................................................................... 23
2.1 Toolpusher ................................................................................................. 23
2.2 Driller ........................................................................................................ 23
2.3 Assistant Driller......................................................................................... 24
2.4 Derrickman ................................................................................................ 25
2.5 Floorman ................................................................................................... 25
2.6 Roustabout ................................................................................................. 26
3. Rigging Up ............................................................................................................ 27
3.1 Setting Up the Substructure....................................................................... 27
3.2 Setting Up the Rig Floor and Mast or Derrick .......................................... 28
3.3 Installing Handrails, Guardrails, Stairs, Walkways, and Ladders ............. 31
3.4 Installing the Power System ...................................................................... 32
3.5 Rigging Up the Circulating System .......................................................... 33
3.6 Installing the Auxiliary Equipment ........................................................... 33
3.7 Inspecting the Rig ...................................................................................... 34
3.8 Rigging Down ........................................................................................... 35
4. Drilling Ahead ....................................................................................................... 36
4.1 Handling Tubulars ..................................................................................... 36
4.2 Preparing Drilling Fluid ............................................................................ 38
4.3 Starting Drilling ......................................................................................... 40
4.4 Making a connection ................................................................................. 41
4.5 Resuming Drilling ..................................................................................... 47
4.6 Coring ........................................................................................................ 48
4.7 Drilling Fluid ............................................................................................. 48
4.8 MSDS ........................................................................................................ 51
5. Tripping Out/In ...................................................................................................... 52
5.1 Setting Slips ............................................................................................... 52
5.2 Breaking Out and Setting Back the Kelly ................................................. 53
5.3 Attaching Elevators to the Elevator Links ................................................ 54
5.4 Latching Elevators to Pipe ........................................................................ 55
5.5 Working on the Monkeyboard................................................................... 55
5.6 Maneuvering Pipe to Racking Area .......................................................... 57
5.7 Tripping in - Latching Elevators to Top of Stand ..................................... 58
6. Casing Operations ................................................................................................. 59
6.1 Installing Casing Tools .............................................................................. 59
6.2 Running Casing into the Hole ................................................................... 61
6.3 Installing Casing Accessories .................................................................... 61
6.4 Circulating and Cementing........................................................................ 63
7. Maintenance Activities .......................................................................................... 64
I
7.1 Rig Floor.................................................................................................... 64
7.2 Drilling Line Maintenance ........................................................................ 65
7.3 Wire Rope Maintenance ............................................................................ 66
7.4 Mud Circulating System............................................................................ 67
7.5 Generator, Electric Motors, and Electrical Systems ................................. 68
7.6 Engines ...................................................................................................... 69
7.7 Derrick Equipment Maintenance .............................................................. 70
8. Well Control .......................................................................................................... 72
8.1 Blowout Prevention Program .................................................................... 72
8.2 Monitoring and Maintaining Mud System ................................................ 74
8.3 Installing BOPs, Accumulator, and Choke Manifold................................ 75
8.4 Testing BOPs, Accumulators, and Choke Manifold ................................. 76
8.5 Maintaining Surface Control System ........................................................ 77
9. Drill and Procedure ............................................................................................... 78
9.1 First-Aid Drill ............................................................................................ 78
9.2 Trip Drill Procedure .................................................................................. 79
9.3 Shut-In Procedure ...................................................................................... 80
9.4 Pit Drill Procedure ..................................................................................... 81
9.5 Bop Drill Procedure .................................................................................. 82
9.6 H2S Drill Procedure ................................................................................... 83
10. General Safety and Health............................................................................... 84
10.1 HSE Meeting ............................................................................................. 84
10.2 Safety Inspections ..................................................................................... 84
10.3 Job Safety Analysis（JSA） ..................................................................... 85
10.4 Incident Reporting Procedures .................................................................. 85
10.5 Personal Protective Equipment ................................................................. 86
10.6 Safety and Health Program ....................................................................... 89
10.7 Hot Work/Welding ..................................................................................... 91
10.8 Hydrogen Sulfide Gas ............................................................................... 98
10.9 H2S Special Precautions .......................................................................... 102
11. Safety Alert .................................................................................................... 105
12. DDR & DWR ................................................................................................ 122
13. Safety Hazards Identification and Rectification ........................................... 158
14. Basic Drilling Calculation ............................................................................. 294
14.1 Pressure Gradient .................................................................................... 295
14.2 Hydrostatic Pressure (HP) ....................................................................... 295
14.3 Converting Pressure into Mud Weight .................................................... 295
14.4 Specific Gravity (SG) .............................................................................. 295
14.5 Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD), ppg ........................................... 296
14.6 Pump Output (PO) ................................................................................... 296
14.7 Annular Velocity (AV) ............................................................................. 296
14.8 Capacity Formulas ................................................................................... 297
14.9 Buoyancy Factor (BF) ............................................................................. 298
14.10 Hydrostatic Pressure (HP) Decrease When POOH ................................. 299
II
14.11 Drill Pipe/Drill Collar Calculations ........................................................ 300
14.12 Volumes and Strokes ............................................................................... 300
14.13 Slug Calculations..................................................................................... 301
14.14 Accumulator Capacity — Usable Volume Per Bottle ............................. 302
14.15 Stuck Pipe Calculations ........................................................................... 303
14.16 APPENDIX A.......................................................................................... 306
14.17 APPENDIX B.......................................................................................... 307
15. Drill String & Stuck Pipe Basis (Only For Key Personnel) ....................... 310
15.1 Drill String Basics ................................................................................... 311
15.2 Buoyancy & Hookload ............................................................................ 316
15.3 Stuck Pipe ................................................................................................ 322
16. Kill Sheet (Only For Key Personnel) ............................................................ 336
III
1. Drilling Rig Components
1
U.S. Department of Labor
Occupational Safety & Health Administration
[skip navigational links]
Search Advanced Search | A-Z Index
Home General Safety Site Preparation Drilling Well Completion Servicing Plug and Abandon the Well
Illustrated Glossary
Drilling Rig Components
Click on the name below or a number on the

graphic to see a definition and a more detailed
photo of the object.
1. Crown Block and Water Table

2. Catline Boom and Hoist Line
3. Drilling Line
4. Monkeyboard
5. Traveling Block
6. Top Drive
7. Mast
8. Drill Pipe
9. Doghouse
10. Blowout Preventer
11. Water Tank
12. Electric Cable Tray
13. Engine Generator Sets
14. Fuel Tank
15. Electrical Control House
16. Mud Pumps
17. Bulk Mud Component Tanks
18. Mud Tanks (Pits)
19. Reserve Pit
20. Mud-Gas Separator
21. Shale Shakers
22. Choke Manifold
23. Pipe Ramp
24. Pipe Racks
25. Accumulator
Additional rig components not illustrated at right.
26. Annulus
27. Brake
28. Casing Head
29. Cathead
30. Catwalk
31. Cellar
32. Conductor Pipe Equipment used in drilling
33. Degasser
34. Desander 48. Ram BOP
35. Desilter 49. Rathole
36. Drawworks 50. Rotary Hose
2
37. Drill Bit 51. Rotary Table
38. Drill Collars 52. Slips
39. Driller's Console 53. Spinning chain
40. Elevators 54. Stairways
41. Hoisting Line 55. Standpipe
42. Hook 56. Surface Casing
43. Kelly 57. Substructure
44. Kelly Bushing 58. Swivel
45. Kelly Spinner 59. Tongs
46. Mousehole 60. Walkways
47. Mud Return Line 61. Weight Indicator
eTool Home | Site Preparation | Drilling | Well Completion | Servicing | Plug & Abandon Well
General Safety | Additional References | Viewing/Printing Instructions | Credits | JSA
Safety and Health Topic | Site Map | Illustrated Glossary | Glossary of Terms
www.osha.gov www.dol.gov
Back to Top
Contact Us | Freedom of Information Act | Information Quality | Customer Survey

Privacy and Security Statement | Disclaimers

200 Constitution Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20210
3
U.S. Department of Labor
[skip navigational links]
Search Advanced Search | A-Z Index
Home General Safety Site Preparation Drilling Well Completion Servicing Plug and Abandon the Well
Accumulator
The storage device for nitrogen pressurized

hydraulic fluid, which is used in operating the
blowout preventers.
Annular Blowout Preventer
A large valve, usually installed above the ram preventers,

that forms a seal in the annular space between the pipe
and well bore. If no pipe is present, it forms a seal on the
well bore itself.
Annulus
The space around a pipe in a well bore, the outer wall of

which may be the wall of either the bore hole or the
casing; sometimes termed the annular space.
4
Blowout Preventer
A large valve, usually installed above the ram preventers,

that forms a seal in the annular space between the pipe
and well bore or, if no pipe is present, on the well bore
itself.
Brake
The braking device on the drawworks to stop a load being

lifted.
Bulk Mud Components in Storage
Hopper type tanks for storage of drilling fluid components.
5
Casing Head
A heavy, flanged steel fitting connected to the first string

of casing. It provides a housing for slips and packing
assemblies, allows suspension of intermediate and
production strings of casing, and supplies the means for
the annulus to be sealed off. Also called a spool.
Cathead
A spool-shaped attachment on a winch around which rope

for hoisting and pulling is wound.
Catline Boom and Hoist Line
A structural framework erected near the top of the derrick

for lifting material.
Catwalk
The ramp at the side of the drilling rig where pipe is laid to
be lifted to the derrick floor by the catline or by an air
hoist.
6
Cellar
A pit in the ground to provide additional height between

the rig floor and the well head to accommodate the
installation of blowout preventers, ratholes, mouseholes,
and so forth. It also collects drainage water and other
fluids for disposal.
Choke Manifold
The arrangement of piping and special valves, called

chokes, through which drilling mud is circulated when the
blowout preventers are closed to control the pressures
encountered during a kick.
Conductor Pipe
The largest diameter casing and the topmost length of

casing. It is relatively short and encases the topmost
string of casing.
7
Crown Block and Water Table
An assembly of sheaves or pulleys mounted on beams at

the top of the derrick. The drilling line is run over the
sheaves down to the hoisting drum.
Degasser
The equipment used to remove unwanted gas from a

liquid, especially from drilling fluid.
Desander
A centrifugal device for removing sand from drilling fluid to

prevent abrasion of the pumps. It may be operated
mechanically or by a fast -moving stream of fluid inside a
special cone-shaped vessel, in which case it is sometimes
called a hydrocyclone.
Desilter
A centrifugal device, similar to a desander, used to remove

very fine particles, or silt, from drilling fluid. This keeps
the amount of solids in the fluid to the lowest possible
level.
8
Doghouse
A small enclosure on the rig floor used as an office for the

driller or as a storehouse for small objects. Also, any small
building used as an office or for storage.
Drawworks
The hoisting mechanism on a drilling rig. It is essentially a

large winch that spools off or takes in the drilling line and
thus raises or lowers the drill stem and bit.
Drill Bit
The cutting or boring element used in drilling oil and gas

wells. Most bits used in rotary drilling are roller-cone bits.
The bit consists of the cutting elements and the circulating
element. The circulating element permits the passage of
drilling fluid and uses the hydraulic force of the fluid
stream to improve drilling rates.
9
Drill Collar
A heavy, thick-walled tube, usually steel, used between

the drill pipe and the bit in the drill stem. It is used to put
weight on the bit so that the bit can drill.
Drill Pipe
The heavy seamless tubing used to rotate the bit and

circulate the drilling fluid. Joints of pipe 30 feet long are
coupled together with tool joints.
Driller's Console
The control panel, located on the platform, where the

driller controls drilling operations.
Drilling Line
A wire rope hoisting line, reeved on sheaves of the crown

block and traveling block (in effect a block and tackle). Its
primary purpose is to hoist or lower drill pipe or casing
from or into a well. Also, a wire rope used to support the
drilling tools.
10
Electric Control House
On diesel electric rigs, powerful diesel engines drive large

electric generators. The generators produce electricity that
flows through cables to electric switches and control
equipment enclosed in a control cabinet or panel.
Electricity is fed to electric motors via the panel.
Electric Cable Tray
Supports the heavy electrical cables that feed the power

from the control panel to the rig motors.
Elevators
A set of clamps that grips a stand, or column, of casing,

tubing, drill pipe, or sucker rods, so the stand can be
raised or lowered into the hole.
Engine Generator Sets
A diesel, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), natural gas, or

gasoline engine, along with a mechanical transmission and
generator for producing power for the drilling rig. Newer
rigs use electric generators to power electric motors on
the other parts of the rig.
11
Fuel Tanks
Fuel storage tanks for the power generating system.
Hoisting Line
A wire rope used in hoisting operations. Must conform to

the API standards for its intended uses.
Hook
A large, hook-shaped device from which the elevator bails

or the swivel is suspended. It is designed to carry
maximum loads ranging from 100 to 650 tons and turns
on bearings in its supporting housing.
12
Kelly
The heavy square or hexagonal steel member suspended

from the swivel through the rotary table. It is connected to
the topmost joint of drill pipe to turn the drill stem as the
rotary table turns.
Kelly Bushing
A device fitted to the rotary table through which the kelly

passes. It is the means by which the torque of the rotary
table is transmitted to the kelly and to the drill stem. Also
called the drive bushing.
Kelly Spinner
A device for spinning the drill pipe. Replaces the spinning

chain.
13
Mast
A portable derrick capable of being erected as a unit, as

distinguished from a standard derrick, which cannot be
raised to a working position as a unit.
Monkeyboard
The derrickman's working platform. Double board, tribble

board, fourable board; a monkey board located at a height
in the derrick or mast equal to two, three, or four lengths
of pipe respectively.
Mousehole
Shallow bores under the rig floor, usually lined with pipe,
in which joints of drill pipe are temporarily suspended for
later connection to the drill string.
14
Mud-Gas Separator
A device that removes gas from the mud coming out of a

well when a kick is being circulated out.
Mud Pits
A series of open tanks, usually made of steel plates,

through which the drilling mud is cycled to allow sand and
sediments to settle out. Additives are mixed with the mud
in the pit, and the fluid is temporarily stored there before
being pumped back into the well. Mud pit compartments
are also called shaker pits, settling pits, and suction pits,
depending on their main purpose.
Mud Pump
A large reciprocating pump used to circulate the mud

(drilling fluid) on a drilling rig.
15
Mud Return Line
A trough or pipe, placed between the surface connections

at the well bore and the shale shaker. Drilling mud flows
through it upon its return to the surface from the hole.
Pipe Racks
A horizontal support for tubular goods.
Pipe Ramp
An angled ramp for dragging drill pipe up to the drilling

platform or bringing pipe down off the drill platform.
16
Ram Blowout Preventer
A blowout preventer that uses rams to seal off pressure on

a hole that is with or without pipe. It is also called a ram
preventer. Ram -type preventers have interchangeable ram
blocks to accommodate different O.D. drill pipe, casing, or
tubing.
Rathole
A hole in the rig floor 30 to 35 feet deep, lined with casing

that projects above the floor. The kelly is placed in the
rathole when hoisting operations are in progress.
Reserve Pits
A mud pit in which a supply of drilling fluid has been

stored. Also, a waste pit, usually an excavated, earthen -
walled pit. It may be lined with plastic to prevent soil
contamination.
Rotary Hose
The hose on a rotary drilling rig that conducts the drilling

fluid from the mud pump and standpipe to the swivel and
kelly; also called the mud hose or the kelly hose.
17
Rotary Table
The principal component of a rotary, or rotary machine,

used to turn the drill stem and support the drilling
assembly. It has a beveled gear arrangement to create the
rotational motion and an opening into which bushings are
fitted to drive and support the drilling assembly.
Note the pipe spinner (in red) on the side of the swivel.
Shale Shaker
A series of trays with sieves or screens that vibrate to

remove cuttings from circulating fluid in rotary drilling
operations. The size of the openings in the sieve is
selected to match the size of the solids in the drilling fluid
and the anticipated size of cuttings. Also called a shaker.
Slips
Wedge-shaped pieces of metal with teeth or other gripping

elements that are used to prevent pipe from slipping down
into the hole or to hold pipe in place. Rotary slips fit
around the drill pipe and wedge against the master
bushing to support the pipe. Power slips are pneumatically
or hydraulically actuated devices that allow the crew to
dispense with the manual handling of slips when making a
connection. Packers and other down hole equipment are
secured in position by slips that engage the pipe by action
directed at the surface.
Spinning Chain
A relatively short length of chain attached to the tong pull

chain on the manual tongs used to make up drill pipe. The
spinning chain is attached to the pull chain so that a crew
member can wrap the spinning chain several times around
the tool joint box of a joint of drill pipe suspended in the
rotary table. After crew members stab the pin of another
tool joint into the box end, one of them then grasps the
end of the spinning chain and with a rapid upward motion
of the wrist "throws the spinning chain"—that is, causes it
18
to unwrap from the box and coil upward onto the body of
the joint stabbed into the box. The driller then actuates
the makeup cathead to pull the chain off of the pipe body,
which causes the pipe to spin and thus the pin threads to
spin into the box.
Stairways
Stairs leading from one level to another. Protected with

handrails.
Standpipe
A vertical pipe rising along the side of the derrick or mast.

It joins the discharge line leading from the mud pump to
the rotary hose and through which mud is pumped going
into the hole.
Substructure
The foundation on which the derrick or mast and usually

the drawworks sit; contains space for storage and well
control equipment.
Surface Casing
Usually the first casing to be run in a well. This is done

after spudding-in so a blowout preventer can be installed
before drilling is started.
19
Swivel
A rotary tool that is hung from the rotary hook and

traveling block to suspend and permit free rotation of the
drill stem. It also provides a connection for the rotary hose
and a passageway for the flow of drilling fluid into the drill
stem.
Tongs
The large wrenches used for turning when making up or

breaking out drill pipe, casing, tubing, or other pipe;
variously called casing tongs, rotary tongs, and so forth
according to the specific use. Power tongs are
20
pneumatically or hydraulically operated tools that spin the
pipe up and, in some instances, apply the final makeup
torque.
Top Drive
The top drive rotates the drill string end bit without the
use of a kelly and rotary table. The top drive is operated
from a control console on the rig floor.
Traveling Block
An arrangement of pulleys or sheaves through which

drilling cable is reeved, which moves up or down in the
derrick or mast.
21
Walkways
An area cleared for moving through by personnel and

protected with a handrail.
Water Tank
Is used to store water that is used for mud mixing,

cementing, and rig cleaning.
Weight Indicator
A device for measuring the weight of the drill string.

Monthly calibration to calculated drill string weight is
required by API.
eTools eTool
Page |Home
eTool| Home
Site Preparation | Drilling
| Site Preparation | Well Completion
| Drilling | Servicing
| Well Completion | Plug &| Abandon
| Servicing Well
Plug & Abandon Well
General Safety | Additional References | Viewing/Printing Instructions | Credits
General Safety | Additional References | Viewing/Printing Instructions | Credits | JSA | JSA
Safety
Safety and
and Health
Health Topic
Topic || Site
Site Map
Map || Illustrated
Glossary || Glossary
Glossary of
of Terms
Terms
eTool Home | Site Preparation | Drilling www.osha.gov | Plug & Abandon Well www.dol.gov
Back to Top
General Safety | Additional | Credits
| Site Map
Contact Us | Freedom of Information Act | Information Quality | Customer Survey
Privacy and Security Statement | Disclaimers

200 Constitution Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20210
22
2. Job Description
2.1 Toolpusher
The toolpusher oversees the drilling operations. He also ensures that the necessary
equipment and materials are available.
 Responsible for every aspect of the rig and its operations
 Responsible for the safety of all workers
 Ensures that rig operations comply with environmental and other government
regulations
 Responsible for the rig's production and costs
 Responsible for planning rig moves around road bans and other obstacles
 Plans and organizes final site preparation before the rig is assembled and site
clean up after the rig is dismantled
 Organizes and supervises the setup and dismantling of the rig
 Pay varies
 Accommodation and meals paid
 Reports to head office and Company man
2.2 Driller
The Driller is the person who carries out the actual drilling. He works in the driller’s
cabin, from where he can run the entire drilling operation. Here he can take readings
of all the necessary parameters, and perform corrections if necessary. He keeps a
constantly updated journal concerning the drilling progress and supervises the
number of pipes in the hole. To obtain the position as a Driller, good mathematics
skills are required. The Driller is the daily leader of the drill floor and reports directly
to the Tourpusher or the Toolpusher on duty.
 Meet and communicate with Toolpusher and give them updates of the rig
operations.
 Manage the set up and take down of rigs.
 Coordinate between different rig crews.
 Assist in setting up, taking down and transporting drilling and service rigs and
service equipment.
 Handle, sort and move drill tools, pipe, cement and other materials.
 Maintain drilling equipment on the drill floor.
 Supervises the drill team members on the oil rig and also looks after the drilling
activities and equipment.
 Provides leadership and ensures safety training and practices.
 Resolves disputes and helps in solving operational issues.
23
 Other duties as assigned.
2.3 Assistant Driller
The assistant driller co-ordinates the activities on the drill floor, reports to the driller
and communicates instructions and information from the driller to those working on
the drilling.
After a period as a Derrickman, there is an opportunity for promotion to Assistant
Driller. An Assistant Driller is the Driller’s right-hand man. He is the person on the
drill floor who must ensure that all the equipment, which is to be used in connection
with the drilling operation, is maintained and ready for use when necessary. He also
maintains communication between the mud tank area and the drill floor. Training of
new drill floor personnel is another responsibility of the Assistant Driller. Moreover,
he relieves the Driller during meal and coffee breaks.
The Assistant Driller, also known as the trainee driller, assists with all drilling-related
tasks as determined by the Driller. Responsibilities include operating and monitoring
drilling systems and drilling equipment, preparing drilling documentation and
maintaining accurate drilling logs, and assisting the Driller in supervising fellow team
members, to include Floorman, Derrickmen, and Roustabouts.
Assistant Drillers are often promoted from Derrickman. In addition to a High School
diploma/GED equivalent, Assistant Drillers are often required to participate in
vocational training as prescribed. Assistant Drillers must pass a physical exam and
demonstrate the ability to deal with physically demanding conditions for up to 12
hours at a time.
Job Functions:
 Assist with rig startup on a new drilling site, performing bottom hole assembly
tasks.
 Assist the driller in testing BOP.
 Perform regular inspections or drilling systems and drilling equipment,
completing repairs and general maintenance as required.
 Operate drill-hoisting equipment while running BOP stack and related
components to the well floor.
 Assist the Driller in supervising fellow crew members.
 Maintain accurate documentation of drilling procedures.
 Complete logs and additional paperwork as required.
24
2.4 Derrickman
Working about 90 feet above the floor of the rig on the monkey board, the derrickman
handles the section of drill pipe under the direction of the driller.
 Align pipes and secure its foundation and connection to the other pipes.
 Set up pipes and transporting drills and service rigs on the lower deck or under
land surface.
 Operate and maintain drilling rig diesel motors, transmissions, pumps and drilling
mud systems, and mix mud chemicals, cements and additives
 Read gauges to monitor pressure, density, rate and concentration and adjust
pumping procedure as required.
 Calculate the dense and volumes of oil and mud if necessary.
 Record mud density and volumes if necessary.
 Supervise laborers.
2.5 Floorman
More skilled than the roustabout, the roughneck/floorman is directly involved in the
drilling process under the supervision of the assistant driller. This position involves
hard physical work.
 Assist in assembly, disassembly and transportation of drilling machinery and
service equipment.
 Assist in loading and off-loading pipe and other items to/from the rig floor.
 Perform general rig maintenance: Cleaning rig floor, chipping, and painting.
 Perform general maintenance on draw works, rotary system, mud pumps, shale
shakers, etc.
 Manipulate sections of pipe or drill stem during the removal or replacement of
pipe strings, drill stems or drill bits.
 Assist in moving pipe from catwalk to the Vee Door.
 Assist in Tripping pipe (Using slips, tongs, elevators, spinning chain, etc.) and
makes connections while running drill pipe, casing, or production tubing.
 Monitor Shakers.
 Nipple BOP’s up and down.
 Inspect safety equipment.
 Is responsible as first responders for emergency situations and evacuation
procedures.
 Manipulate sections of pipe or drill stem at the rig floor during drilling and during
the removal and replacement of strings of pipe or drill stem and drill bit.
25
2.6 Roustabout
Roustabouts (or roughnecks) are entry-level workers; they're unskilled or semi-skilled.
Most of their time is spent on menial functions like cleaning equipment, scraping rust
and tightening/loosening pipes.
This role is generally unskilled manual labouring. The roustabout helps with the
drilling activities and maintenance of the drilling area.
While those managing the operation may not express it often enough, they appreciate
that roustabouts and roughnecks take care of a lot of cleaning, maintenance, painting,
rust removal, and all kinds of other 'peripheral' tasks. With these things out of the way
others on the crew can worry about getting the oil out of the ground efficiently and
safely.
Remember, there are usually 3 or 4 crews per oil rig, all working eight or 12 hour
shifts. There might be 2 roughnecks or roustabouts assigned to each of the crews. In a
given day here's what a roughneck or roustabout might do:
 Assemble and repair oil field machinery and equipment.

 Keep the floor clean and clear of safety hazards.
 Moving equipment around the rig.
 Scrape rust.
 Paint.
 Connect sections of pipe for the well.
 Rig and sling loads being moved by the rig's crane.
26
3. Rigging Up
3.1 Setting Up the Substructure
Fig. 1. Hoisting the mast

Equipment is unloaded and positioned at or near the exact location that it will occupy
during operations.
The substructure is assembled, pinned together, leveled, and made ready for other rig
components on the floor.
Equipping the cellar begins but can be done throughout the rigging up process. This
includes welding on a drilling nipple to the conductor pipe and attaching a flow line.
Potential Hazards:
 Being struck by the crane, load, truck, or forklift tipping.
 Pinched fingers when assembling equipment.
 Burns from cutting and welding on the drilling nipple.
 Temporary eye irritation from welding light flash.
 Falling from heights.
Possible Solutions:
 Instruct all workers in safety procedures and ensure that they are knowledgeable
about job hazards. This can be done during pre-job safety meetings or JSA briefings.
 Instruct workers to stand clear and keep hands and other body parts away from
pinch points.
27
 Wear proper long sleeve clothing to protect from burns.
 Wear proper welding eye/face protection.
 Avoid looking directly at the flame or arc when welding.
 Wear fall protection when working from heights.
Fig. 2. Setting up the substructure
3.2 Setting Up the Rig Floor and Mast or Derrick

Once the substructure is set in place, the process of setting up the rig floor begins.
Begin by installing stairways and guardrails to allow access to the rig floor. Then, the
drawworks is set in place and secured to the substructure. On mechanical rigs, the
engines are set in place and the compound and associated equipment connected to the
drawworks. On electric rigs, the electric cables (lines) are strung to the drawworks.
The bottom of the mast is raised to the rig floor and pinned in place. The crown
section is then raised into place on the derrick stand. The "A-legs" are raised and
pinned into place. The monkeyboard is pinned in place on the mast and all lines and
cables are laid out to prevent tangling when the mast is raised. A thorough inspection
of the mast should be made before raising the mast/derrick. The mast is now ready to
be raised. The engines are started (see Installing the Power System), and the drilling
line is spooled onto the drawworks drum. Once the mast has been raised and pinned,
the remaining floor equipment can be set into place. If the rig has safety guylines,
they must be attached to the anchors and properly tensioned prior to continuing the
rigging up process. A derrick emergency escape device is installed on the mast.
Potential Hazards:
 Falling or tripping during rigging up.
28
 Falling from rig floor.
 Being struck by swinging equipment.
 Being struck by falling tools.
 Being crushed or struck by equipment due to failure or overloading of hoisting
equipment.
 Getting entangled in lines during raising of the derrick or mast.
 Failure to properly install derrick emergency escape device.
Possible Solutions:
 Install, inspect, and secure stairs and handrails.
 Do not use guardrails for anchor points or for lifting or supporting loads.
 Use fall protection when installing or removing guardrails.
 Use a tag line to guide equipment, rather than positioning yourself under suspended
loads.
 Check the derrick for unsecured tools before raising it.
 Allow only the operator raising the mast to be on the rig floor.
 Uncoil all lines so that they are clear of all workers when the mast or derrick is
raised.
 Attach safety lines to all tools hanging from the rig.
 Keep a safe distance from moving equipment.
 Install derrick emergency escape device properly in accordance with
manufacturer’s recommendations.
Fig. 3. Raising the doghouse and rig floor

29
Fig. 4. Setting mast on rig floor
Fig. 5.Setting crown on derrick stand
Fig. 6. Rigging up the mast Fig. 7. Raising the mast
30
3.3 Installing Handrails, Guardrails, Stairs, Walkways, and Ladders
Handrails, guardrails, stairways, walkways, and ladders are installed where they are
needed for safety and access.
Potential Hazards:
 Falls from ladders.
 Falls or slips from ladders and stairs due to damaged or missing rungs or steps.
 Slips or falls on walkways due to debris or uneven surfaces.
 Falls from heights.
 Falling into the mud pit or mixing tank.
Possible Solutions:
 Follow established procedures and best work practices.
 Instruct workers on proper procedures for using and installing ladders.
 Use only ladders in good repair that do not have missing rungs.
 Do not install stairs with missing or damaged steps. Repair them before installing
them.
 Keep walkways clean and free of debris and tripping hazards.
 Use proper fall protection.
 Place guardrails in place prior to working in elevated areas.
Fig. 8.Stairways, guardrails, and ladders Fig. 9. Stairways
31
3.4 Installing the Power System
Installing the power system is usually done simultaneously with setting up the rig
floor, because power is needed to operate the equipment. Today there are generally
two types of rigs being used on land. A mechanical rig is powered by engines and
compound. An electric rig is powered by engines and generators. This type supplies
power to electric motors, which drive the machinery.
All power cords, belts, and chains need to be connected to the machinery from their
associated power source. Simultaneously, the fuel lines and tanks need to be hooked
up. Then, start the engines.
Potential Hazards:
 Tripping on power cords and hoses.
 Slips and falls on slick walking services.
 Getting caught in pinch points.
 Exposure to chemical hazards.
 Being shocked or electrocuted.
Possible Solutions:
 Keep all cords and hoses orderly and clear of walking spaces.
 Clear and clean all walkways and walking surfaces of slipping hazards.
 Use caution around all chain and belt pinch point areas. Install all guards.
 Use proper PPE when working with chemicals.
 Use proper lockout/tagout/ procedures.
Fig. 10.Engines and generators Fig. 11. Power house
32
3.5 Rigging Up the Circulating System
While one crew finishes preparing the rig floor, another crew might be rigging up the
circulating system.
The mud tanks and mud pumps are set into the predetermined location.
The mud lines are then connected and electric cords are strung.
Potential Hazards:
 Being struck by or crushed by equipment being set into place.
 Getting caught in pinch points.
 Being struck by crane, load, truck or forklift tipping.
 Being struck by hammer when connecting mud line unions.
Possible Solutions:
 Keep a safe distance from equipment that is coming together or moving.
 Maintain a safe distance from all pinch points.
 Stand clear of workers that may be swinging hammers.
Fig. 12. Mud pumps Fig. 13. Mud system
3.6 Installing the Auxiliary Equipment

All remaining drilling and auxiliary equipment must be set into place and installed
where needed.
The catwalk and pipe racks are positioned and the pipe and drill collars are set on the
racks.
Potential Hazards:
33
 Getting struck or pinched by, or caught in between, tubulars being loaded onto
racks.
 Having feet pinched or crushed when setting up the pipe racks and catwalk.
Possible Solutions:
 Keep a safe distance from equipment that is coming together.
 Use a tag line to guide the pipe racks and catwalks into position.
Fig. 14.Tubulars on pipe racks Fig. 15. V-door, pipe ramp, pipe rack and cat walk
3.7 Inspecting the Rig

Perform a complete inspection of the rig before operating. The driller and/or rig
superintendent/toolpusher/manager should walk around the entire rig and inspect for
missing or loose pins and bolts, equipment guards, adequate guard railings, proper
line and cable placement, and unclear walkways.
Potential Hazards:
 Falling from the rig.
 Tripping on power cords and hoses.
 Slipping and falling on slick walking services.
Possible Solutions:
 Use proper fall protection.
 Keep all cords and hoses orderly and clear of walking spaces.
 Clear and clean all walkways and walking surfaces of slipping hazards.
34
Fig. 16. Inspecting the rig
Fig. 17. Inspecting rig equipment
3.8 Rigging Down

After production casing is run and cemented, the rig is taken down and moved to
another site. The rigging down process is basically the reverse of rigging up.
The hazards and solutions are similar to those for rigging up.
Fig. 18. Loading doghouse onto trailer
35
4. Drilling Ahead
4.1 Handling Tubulars

The pipe is unloaded from trucks onto the pipe rack. The floor crew brings pipe from
the pipe rack and catwalk, using the catline, air hoist or hydraulic winch, up to the
drilling floor and places it in the mousehole. This is done for every connection.
Note: The rig supervisor should hold a pre-job meeting with the crew to review
responsibilities and to coordinate the operations to be performed.
Fig. 1. Drilling rig

Potential Hazards:
 Being struck by rolling or falling tubulars.
 Being struck by or caught between tubulars and other objects during movement (for
example, being struck by tubulars being tailed into the rig floor).
 Slips, trips, and falls.
Possible Solutions:
 Use powered industrial truck (forklift) properly.
 Work the tubulars from the ends from ground level.
36
 Chock or pin tubulars on the racks properly.
 Level your pipe racks properly.
 Stand clear of suspended, hoisted, or moving loads. Be aware of tubulars or
equipment being lifted through the V-door.
Fig. 2. Loading tubulars Fig. 3. Catwalk and V-door

Potential Hazards:
 Getting struck by falling tubulars due to lifting equipment failure.
Possible Solutions:
 Instruct workers in the need for proper use, inspection, and maintenance practices.
Before each tour inspect the:
 Wire rope and slings,
 Catline ropes and knots (do not allow a rope to lie in standing water), and
 Chains and hooks.
 Stand clear of suspended, hoisted or moving loads and be aware of your
surroundings.
37
4.2 Preparing Drilling Fluid
Fig. 4. Drilling fluid - mud Fig. 5. Mud mixing hopper
Fig. 6. Caustic soda mixing container

Drilling fluid is an important component in the drilling process. A fluid is required in
the wellbore to:
 Cool and lubricate the drill bit,
 Remove the rock fragments, or drill cuttings, from the drilling area and transport
them to the surface,
 Counterbalance formation pressure to prevent formation fluids (i.e. oil, gas, and
water) from entering the well prematurely (which can lead to a blowout), and
 Prevent the open (uncased) wellbore from caving in.
The mud is monitored throughout the drilling process. A mud engineer and/or the
Derrickman may periodically check the mud by measuring its viscosity, density, and
38
other properties.
Potential Hazards:
 Burns, or physical injury caused by contact with skin or eyes.
 Being exposed to explosions or violent reactions from chemicals mixed improperly.
 Being exposed to inhalation hazards.
 Receiving strains and sprains.
 Slips, trips and falls.
Possible Solutions:
 Ensure workers follow the safe handling procedures found in Material Safety Data
Sheets (MSDS).
 Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including, eye and face protection.
 Wear appropriate respiratory protection when handling chemicals and/or mud
additives.
 Provide an eyewash station and other appropriate flushing apparatus as
recommended by the MSDS.
 Provide adequate ventilation.
 Use proper mixing procedures.
 Use designated containers for mixing certain chemicals (for example, baffled
container with lid).
 Substitute less hazardous materials or use pre-mixed mud.
 See General Safety and Health.
Note: Tank cleaning is a high-hazard operation requiring confined space entry
procedures, training for personnel, PPE, and specialized equipment.
39
4.3 Starting Drilling
Fig. 7. Typical Drilling Program

To start drilling, a surface drill bit is attached to a bottomhole drill collar, which is in
turn attached to the kelly. Once made up, the driller lowers the bit through the rotary
table and engages the mud pump(s) and checks for leaks and other abnormalities. The
driller lowers the drill string and the kelly bushing is set in the rotary drive bushing
and the rotary is engaged. The driller then slowly lowers the bit to bottom and begins
40
the drilling operation.
Potential Hazards:
 Being struck by the tongs, the make-up chain, or pipe.
 Being caught between collars and tongs, spinning chain, and pipe.
Possible Solutions:
 Implement an effective pipe handling, make-up, break-out procedure:
 Stand outside the tong swing radius when breaking pipe.
 Use proper tong latching techniques and use proper hand and finger placement on
tong handles.
 Stand clear of the rotary table when it is rotating.
 Use a tail rope on the spinning chain to keep hands away.
Potential Hazards:
 Receiving strains and sprains during lifting or controlling movement of drill
collars, bit breaker, pipe, and tongs.
Possible Solutions:
 Use proper lifting technique.
 Hoist slowly to limit pipe momentum.
 Use mechanical lifting aids such as a rig floor winch.
 Use tail rope to guide as necessary.
Potential Hazards:
 Encountering shallow gas
Possible Solutions:
 See well control - Blowout Prevention Program.
4.4 Making a connection

 Preparing to Break Out Pipe
41
Fig. 8. Setting slips
The driller stops the drill string from rotating, and hoists the drill string with the
drawworks until the kelly is out of the rotary table. The driller then shuts down the
mud pump(s). The floormen set the slips around the joint of pipe. The tongs are then
latched onto the tool joints above and below the connection.
Potential Hazards:
 Pinching fingers or other body parts between slips or slip handles and rotary table.
 Experiencing muscle strain from improper lifting technique.
 Pinching fingers when latching the tongs onto the pipe.
Possible Solutions:
 Implement effective, safe work procedures for using slips and tongs, which include:
 Proper finger and hand placement on slip handles and tong handles
 Proper stance and slip lifting techniques
 Proper tong latching techniques
 Breaking Out Pipe
The tongs and cathead are used to break out the pipe. Either the rotary table or kelly
spinner is used to spin the drill string or kelly to unscrew it from the drill pipe joint.
42
Fig. 9. Breaking out drill pipe
Diagram 1: Drilling rig floor Hazardous area layout Tong swing radius
Potential Hazards:
 Being struck by:
 Swinging tongs if the tong dies fail, or the tong counterweight lines were to break
 The slip handles if the rotary table is used to spin the drill string
 Reverse backlash of tongs (backbiting) during spinning out operations
 The tongs if a snub line breaks or the tongs come unlatched
 Pipe
Possible Solutions:
 Inspect tong dies, counterweight cables, and snub lines tourly and prior to each
trip.
 Implement an effective spinning out pipe procedure:
43
 Personnel other than tong operators stand outside the tong swing radius when
breaking pipe.
 No one should stand in the red zone (see Diagram 1)
 Use proper tong latching techniques and use proper hand and finger placement on
tong handles.
 Use special operational procedures when using a high torque connection.
 Maintain good communication between floor crew and driller.
Potential Hazards:
 Release of excess drilling mud resulting in skin contact, loss of footing, etc.
Possible Solutions:
 Use a mud bucket to direct mud down into the rotary table.
 Close the mud saver valve on the kelly (if present).
 Making Up Pipe in Mousehole
in
 Fig. 10. Making up mousehole joint Fig. 11. Pipe in mousehole
The crew swings the kelly out over the mousehole and stabs it into a new joint of pipe.
The driller then spins up the kelly using the kelly spinner or spinning chain and the
crew uses tongs to torque the joint.
Potential Hazards:
 Being struck or pinched by the kelly.
 Losing footing while swinging the kelly out over the mousehole and stabbing it into
a new joint of pipe.
 Being struck by or caught in the spinning chain.
44
Possible Solutions:
 Use proper hand placement
 Keep the work area around the rotating table clean and clear of mud, ice, snow,
debris and other materials that may cause slipping or tripping.
 Inspect chain for broken or distorted links. Chains with the metal reduced by wear
at any point less than 90 percent of its original cross section area should be discarded.
 Lubricate and maintain guide rollers to prevent undue wear on the chain or cable.
 Raising the Kelly and New Joint
the Kelly and New Join

 Fig. 12. Raising the traveling block and kelly
The driller uses the drawworks to raise the kelly and attached joint out of the
mousehole.
Potential Hazards:
 Being struck by debris or overhead objects if the traveling block runs into the
crown block or if the traveling block or swivel hits the derrick.
 Being struck by kelly or pipe.
Possible Solutions:
 Install a crown safety device on the drawworks and ensure proper functioning.
 Keep personnel clear of the potential swing path of the kelly and pipe.
 Adding Pipe to the String
45
Fig. 13. Applying pipe dope to a connection Fig. 14. Pulling slips
The new joint is guided over to the drill hole, the tool joint is doped, and stabbed into
the end of the pipe suspended in the rotary table with the slips.
The joints are threaded together using the pipe spinner, kelly spinner, or spinning
chain. Final torque is provided by the tongs.
The drawworks lifts the kelly and attached string to facilitate removal of the slips.
Potential Hazards:
 Being struck by:
 Swinging kelly and pipe
 Tongs if the stabber misses the stump
 The jerk or spinning chain
 Being caught between the swinging pipe and the tongs.
 Being caught between the joint of pipe being stabbed and the stump.
 Getting pinched between tongs or pipe spinner and pipe.
Possible Solutions:
 Never step over a jerk chain and stay clear of spinning chain when a connection is
being made.
 Keep hands away from end of stump or inside of pipe.
 Keep feet and legs away from underneath tongs when the pipe is being stabbed.
 Use proper tong latching techniques and hand and finger placement on tong
handles.
46
 Never stand or walk under suspended loads.
 Keep the work area around the rotary table clean and clear of drilling fluids, mud,
ice, snow, debris, and other materials that may cause slipping or tripping.
 Inspect chains for worn or damaged links, and replace a chain having a broken or
distorted link with the metal reduced by wear at any point less than 90 percent of its
original cross section area.
 See Slips, Trips, and Falls.
4.5 Resuming Drilling
Fig. 15. Lowering kelly bushing

The driller starts the pump and picks up off the slips. The drill crew then removes the
slips. The driller lowers the string until the kelly drive bushing engages the master
bushing. Once the bushings are in place, the driller begins rotating the drill string,
lowers the bit back to bottom, and continues making hole.
Potential Hazards:
 Being thrown off the rotary table when engaged.
 Getting caught by loose clothing.
Possible Solutions:
 Stand clear of the rotary table.
47
4.6 Coring
Coring
Fig. 16. Drill core
In some cases the operator orders a core sample of the formation for testing. A
special core barrel is lowered to the bottom on the drill string and is rotated to cut a
core from the formation. This core is brought to the surface and examined in a
laboratory.
Potential Hazards:
 Being pinched or struck by the core barrel and associated tools during floor
operations.
 Being struck by the core as it is removed from the barrel.
 Encountering other hazards similar to those encountered during tripping out/in.
Possible Solutions:
 Wear appropriate PPE.
 Instruct workers in handling and using the special tools required during drill core
extraction.
4.7 Drilling Fluid

 Drilling Fluid Functions
Drilling Fluid Functions
48
Fig. 17 Drilling fluid (mud)
Drilling fluid is an important component in the drilling process. A fluid is required in
the wellbore to:
 Cool and lubricate the drill bit,
 Remove the rock fragments, or drill cuttings, from the drilling area and transport
them to the surface,
 Counterbalance formation pressure to prevent formation fluids (such as oil, gas,
and water) from entering the well prematurely (which can lead to a blowout), and
 Prevent the open (uncased) wellbore from caving in.
 Drilling Fluid Types
There are several types of drilling fluids used depending on the drilling conditions
encountered:
 Water-based muds are used most frequently. The base may be either:
 fresh water, or
 salt water.
 Oil-based muds.
 Synthetic materials. The oil and gas extraction industry has developed many new
oleaginous (oil-like) base materials from which to formulate high-performance
drilling fluids.
A general class of these fluids is called synthetic materials, such as
 The vegetable esters,
 Poly alpha olefins,
 Internal olefins,
 Linear alpha olefins,
49
 Synthetic paraffins,
 Ethers, and
 Linear alkylbenzenes, among others.
 Air and foam fluids may be used in drilling wells.
 These fluids are less dense than drilling muds.
 Drilling Fluid AdditivesDrilling Fluid Additives
Fig. 18 Additive mixing hopper

Drilling muds typically have several additives. (Air and foam fluids typically do not
contain many additives because the additives are either liquid or solid, and will not
mix with air and foam drilling fluids.) The following is a list of the more significant
additives:
 Weighting materials, primarily barite (barium sulfate), may be used to increase the
density of the mud in order to equilibrate the pressure between the wellbore and
formation when drilling through particularly pressurized zones. Hematite (Fe2O3 )
sometimes is used as a weighting agent in oil-based muds (Souders, 1998).
 Corrosion inhibitors such as iron oxide, aluminum bisulfate, zinc carbonate, and
zinc chromate protect pipes and other metallic components from acidic compounds
encountered in the formation.
 Dispersants, including iron lignosulfonates, break up solid clusters into small
particles so they can be carried by the fluid.
 Flocculants, primarily acrylic polymers, cause suspended particles to group
together so they can be removed from the fluid at the surface.
 Surfactants, like fatty acids and soaps, defoam and emulsify the mud.
50
 Biocides, typically organic amines, chlorophenols, or formaldehydes, kill bacteria
and help reduce the souring of drilling mud.
 Fluid loss reducers include starch and organic polymers and limit the loss of
drilling mud to under-pressurized or high-permeability formations.
4.8 MSDS
This Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) contains information on the use and
procedures for handling Caustic Soda. There are data sheets on all the hazardous
chemicals used in the drilling industry. Data sheets must be supplied by the
manufacturer and/or supplier each time the chemical is introduced into the workplace.
See Hazard Communication: Toxic and Hazardous Substances
51
5. Tripping Out/In
Tripping refers to the process of removing and/or replacing pipe from the well when
it is necessary to change the bit or other piece of the drill string, or when preparing to
run certain tests in the well bore.
The activities that comprise tripping out are listed below. Tripping in essentially
comprises the same steps in reverse order.
Fig. 1.Setting back a stand of drill pipe Fig. 2. Setting slips
5.1 Setting Slips

The floor crew sets slips around the drill stem.
Potential Hazards:
 Getting fingers or other body parts pinched between slips or slip handles and rotary
table.
 Receiving muscle strain from improper lifting technique.
Possible Solutions:
 Use proper hand placement when setting slips.
52
 Use proper stance and slip lifting techniques. Slips have three handles and should
be lifted jointly by more than one person.
5.2 Breaking Out and Setting Back the Kelly
tly
Fig. 3. Kelly set into rathole
 Breakout the kelly and set it into the rathole.
 Potential Hazards:
 Release of excess drilling mud resulting in skin contact, loss of footing, etc.
Possible Solutions:
 Shut down the mud pumps before breaking out the kelly.
 Close the mud saver valve on the kelly (if present).
 Use a mud bucket to divert flow of excess mud.
Potential Hazards:
 Being struck by the slip handles if the rotary table is used to spin the drill string.
Possible Solutions:
 Consider other technologies (such as a pipe spinner, kelly spinner, or top drive unit)
to eliminate this hazard.
Potential Hazards:
 Being struck by the kelly if the pullback line unhooks when kelly is being pulled
toward the rathole.
53
Possible Solutions:
 Implement an effective pullback line attachment procedure.
 Ensure workers stand in a safe location away from the pullback line and rathole
during this pullback operation.
5.3 Attaching Elevators to the Elevator Links
i
Fig. 4. Red elevator links
The crew attaches elevators to the elevator links.
Potential Hazards:
 Being pinched by the elevator links while attaching elevators (or attaching elevator
links to the hook).
 Being struck by the elevators.
Possible Solutions:
 Use proper hand placement when attaching elevator links.
 Ensure workers stand away from swing-path of the elevators and elevator links.
 Use lifting equipment and limit manual positioning of elevators.
 Use proper mounting procedures.
54
5.4 Latching Elevators to Pipe
Fig. 5. Elevators latched onto the pipe

The floor crew latches the elevators onto the pipe.
Potential Hazards:
 Getting hands or fingers pinched in elevators.
 Being struck by elevators not securely latched.
 Getting hands or fingers caught between elevators and stump.
Possible Solutions:
 Ensure workers are instructed in proper latching procedure, including the use of
handles on elevators as they are descending into place over the stump or tool joint.
 Inspect and maintain elevators.
5.5 Working on the Monkeyboard
Fig. 6. Climbing assist device and PPE
55
Fig. 7.Derrickman on monkeyboard Fig. 8. Handling pipe from monkeyboard
The derrickman climbs up the derrick to the monkeyboard. From here he unlatches
the elevators and guides the stands of pipe into the fingerboard. The elevators are
then lowered and attached to the next stand of pipe.
Potential Hazards:
 Falling while climbing up or down the ladder.
 Falling from monkeyboard or fingerboard.
 Falling during an emergency descent.
Possible Solutions:
 Use climb assist device.
 Wear appropriate fall protection including a full body harness. For Fall Protection
guidance, consult:
 Fall Protection when working from platforms.
 Fall Protection guidelines.
 Walking-Working Surfaces.
 Wear the proper Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as:
 Hard hat
 Work gloves
 Safety-toed footwear
56
 Practice 100% tie-off while working in the derrick.
 Use slip-resistant coatings or materials on working surfaces.
 Train personnel in use of emergency escape device.
Potential Hazards:
 Being caught between pipe and other objects
Possible Solutions:
 Practice proper hand placement and use of pullback (tail) ropes.
Potential Hazards:
 Being struck by dropped objects.
Possible Solutions:
 Implement a dropped objects program, such as tie-off for all tools.
 Use extra caution while personnel are working overhead.
 Do not carry tools while climbing the derrick ladder. Raise tools with a line to any
worker above the derrick floor.
5.6 Maneuvering Pipe to Racking Area

The stand is raised and maneuvered to the pipe racking area.
Potential Hazards:
 Getting hands and fingers pinched between stands of pipe.
 Getting feet or toes crushed or amputated under a stand of pipe.
Possible Solutions:
 Keep hands and fingers from between pipe stands.
 Position feet away from the bottom of the pipe stands.
 See General Safety.
57
Fig. 9. Crew maneuvers stand into racking area
5.7 Tripping in - Latching Elevators to Top of Stand

The derrickman latches the elevators onto the pipe from the monkeyboard.
Potential Hazards:
 Getting hands or fingers pinched in elevators.
 Being struck by elevators not securely latched.
 Getting hands or fingers caught between elevators and stump.
Possible Solutions:
 Ensure workers are instructed in proper latching procedure.
 Inspect and maintain elevators.
Fig. 10.Derrickman latching elevators onto the pipe
58
6. Casing Operations
Casing is pipe usually larger in diameter and longer than drill pipe and is used to line
the hole. Casing operations occur periodically throughout the drilling process starting
with the surface casing, intermediate casing, and ending with production string which
takes place during well completion.
The activities involved in casing operations can vary according to the type of casing
being installed, but generally fall into these steps:
Fig. 1. Installing conductor casing
6.1 Installing Casing Tools

Specialized casing handling tools are necessary to run casing.
Note: The special service supervisor should hold a pre-job meeting with the special
service crew and other involved personnel to review responsibilities and to coordinate
the operations to be performed.
Potential Hazards:
 Being struck by or caught between tubulars and other objects during movement
(such as being struck by tubulars being tailed into the rig floor).
 Experiencing strains and sprains from maneuvering tools.
59
 Falling from work platform and/or stabbing board.
Possible Solutions:
 Stand clear of suspended, hoisted or moving loads. Be aware of tubulars or
 Use proper hand and foot placement to avoid pinch points, including use of tag
lines.
 Use rig floor winch or other powered equipment to handle heavy casing tools.
 Use fall protection while installing equipment in the derrick.
 See Slips, Trips, and Falls.
Fig. 2. Special casing elevators Fig. 3. Derrickman latching elevators
Fig. 4. Lifting casing onto rig floor Fig. 5. Casing stabber
60
6.2 Running Casing into the Hole
Casing is run into the hole to a pre-determined depth.
Potential Hazards:
 Hazards are similar to those for drilling ahead or tripping.
 Getting caught between, struck by, or pinched by the power tongs, casing or other
equipment.
 Being struck by or caught between tubulars and other objects during movement (for
example, struck by tubulars being tailed into the rig floor).
 Falling from the stabbing board or work platform.
 Getting struck by dropped objects.
Possible Solutions:
 Include the casing crew and the drilling crew when conducting a JSA and pre-job
safety meeting to coordinate the activities of casing operations.
 Stand clear of suspended, hoisted, or moving loads. Be aware of tubulars or
 Emphasize all normal worker safety procedures, such as fall protection, PPE,
placement of hands and feet, and teamwork and communication between workers.
 Implement full fall protection program for the casing stabber.
 Identify clearance between the stabbing board and casing elevators.
 Secure all items used by the casing stabber overhead with a safety line.
6.3 Installing Casing Accessories

Installing Casing Accessories
61
Fig. 6. Casing guide shoe Fig. 7. Installing casing centralizer
As casing is being run, accessories such as centralizers, scratchers, guide shoe, and a
float collar are installed and used as needed.
Potential Hazards:
 Dropping guide shoe or float collar onto legs or foot.
 Getting fingers pinched between tools and casing tongs when manually moving
guide shoe or float collar.
 Back strain
 Exposure to hazardous materials, especially thread lock compounds.
Possible Solutions:
 Use winch, air hoist, or other powered equipment to handle guide shoe, float collar,
or other heavy casing equipment.
 Use appropriate PPE as required by the MSDS.
62
6.4 Circulating and Cementing
Cementi
Fig. 8. High pressure lines
After the casing is landed, drilling fluid is circulated through the casing and annulus
to remove any residual gases and to condition the mud.
After circulating and conditioning the mud, the casing is cemented. During this
process the casing is reciprocated or rotated to allow the scratchers to work to remove
excess wall cake to give the cement a better bond.
Usually another special servicing company is hired to conduct cementing operations.
Potential Hazards:
 Being struck by high-pressure lines failing if not secured properly.
 Having a high pressure connection failure caused by mismatched or excessively
worn hammer unions.
Possible Solutions:
 Hobble high-pressure lines properly.
 Use proper equipment inspection techniques to include hammer unions (Note:
This is a particular problem with 602 and 1502, as they will couple but will not hold
beyond the lower pressure rating number).
63
7. Maintenance Activities
Proper maintenance prevents premature equipment failure, which may cause injuries
or fatalities. Drilling equipment is subjected to stress and vibration during operations.
Maintenance is a necessary and ongoing activity on the drilling site.
Maintenance activities include maintaining the:
7.1 Rig Floor

Maintenance activities include inspecting, adjusting, and servicing on equipment such
as drawworks, rotary, catheads, tongs, air hoists, and wire rope.
Potential Hazards:
Possible Solutions:
 Wear personal protective equipment (such as hard hats, work gloves, safety shoes,
and eye protection).
 Be aware of the slipping and falling hazards when performing maintenance on the
drilling floor.
 Keep all work areas clean and clear of oil, tools, and debris.
 Use non-skid surfaces where appropriate.
Potential Hazards:
 Being caught in chains or other moving equipment.
 Getting fingers and hands pinched in machine guards or covers.
 Receiving sprains and strains.
Possible Solutions:
 Use proper lockout/tagout procedures.
 Seek assistance when moving awkward and heavy guards and covers.
64
 Maintain all machinery free of leaks by regular preventive maintenance and
repairing when necessary.
Fig. 1. Engines, compound, and drawworks
7.2 Drilling Line Maintenance

The drilling line is the steel wire rope reeved through the crown block and traveling
block. It must be inspected, slipped and cut regularly.
Potential Hazards:
 Receiving injuries to face and eyes from flying chips of metal when slipping and
cutting the line.
 Being caught in moving equipment.
 Being struck by drilling line.
Possible Solutions:
65
 Wear proper personnel protective equipment when cutting line.
 Attach a red flag or other warning device to the drawworks clutch lever as a
reminder to the driller whenever the crown safety device is moved or deactivated to
allow the traveling block to be raised above the preset stopping point.
 Secure drilling line ends prior to cutting.
Fig. 2. Drilling line
7.3 Wire Rope Maintenance

Visually inspect wire ropes daily or per maintenance schedule.
Potential Hazards:
 Getting cuts from the wickers or loose strands on the rope.
 Receiving injuries to face and eyes from flying chips when cutting wire rope.
Possible Solutions:
 Wear proper personnel protective equipment when cutting wire rope.
 Seize wire rope before cutting.
66
Fig. 3. Improper wire rope clamp placement “Never saddle a dead horse"
Fig. 4. Proper wire rope clamp placement
7.4 Mud Circulating System

Maintenance activities include inspecting, adjusting, servicing on equipment such as
mud pumps, hoses, hose connections, pop-off valve, shale shakers, belts, and guards.
Potential Hazards:
 Being caught between, or struck by equipment.
 Receiving a foreign body or fluid in the eye.
 Burned by fluid contact.
 Drowning in mud tank/pit.
Possible Solutions:
 Be aware of the slipping and falling hazards when working on the mud circulating
system.
 Provide guardrails and guards around mud tanks.
67
Fig. 5. Circulating system
7.5 Generator, Electric Motors, and Electrical Systems

Electrical connections and power cords need to be checked for wear for deterioration
and replaced if needed.
Electric motors need to be serviced at recommended intervals. All guards should be
present and correctly installed and motors electrical connections need to be kept
sealed.
Potential Hazards:
 Receiving flash burns or shocks when servicing motors, generators, and breaker
panels.
Possible Solutions:
 Do not wash down generators, electric motors and breaker panels with water hose.
 Wear appropriate personal protective equipment.
 Avoid wearing jewelry.
 Do not stand directly in front of breakers when operating.
 Use dielectric mat in front of control panel or breaker panel.
Potential Hazards:
 Being caught in moving equipment.
Possible Solutions:
 Avoid wearing jewelry.
68
 Cover with appropriate shields or guards all exposed revolving parts such as belts,
flexible drives, generators, shafts and other moving parts to prevent contact and
injury.
 Electrical
 Machine Guarding
Fig. 6. Electric control panel Fig. 7. Electric rig motor
7.6 Engines
Engines require servicing at recommended intervals.
Potential Hazards:
 Getting burned by hot fluids or engine parts.
Possible Solutions:
 Let engine cool down before working on it.
Potential Hazards:
 Being caught in moving equipment or moving parts.
Possible Solutions:
 Cover all exposed revolving parts with appropriate shields and guards.
69
Fig. 8. Diesel rig engines
7.7 Derrick Equipment Maintenance

Maintenance activities in the derrick consists of lubricating the swivel, traveling
block, and crown block, and replacement of swivel packing.
Potential Hazard:
 Getting caught between equipment and objects.
Possible Solutions:
Potential Hazard:
 Falling from heights.
Possible Solutions:
 Use appropriate fall protection.
Potential Hazard:
 Being struck by falling tools or equipment.
Possible Solutions:
 Wear appropriate personnel protective equipment.
 Minimize the number of personnel working on the rig floor.
70
 Tie off tools.
Fig. 9. Swivel maintenance
71
8. Well Control
Properly trained personnel are essential for well control activities. Well control
consists of two basic components: an active component consisting of drilling fluid
pressure monitoring activities, and a passive component consisting of the Blowout
Preventers (BOPs). [More... BOPs]
The first line of defense in well control is to have sufficient drilling fluid pressure in
the well hole. During drilling, underground fluids such as gas, water, or oil under
pressure (the formation pressure) opposes the drilling fluid pressure (mud pressure).
If the formation pressure is greater than the mud pressure, there is the possibility of a
blowout.
Fig. 1. Blowout preventer stack (BOP)

The activities involved in well control are:
8.1 Blowout Prevention Program

Potential Hazard:
 Receiving injuries caused by loss of well control.
72
Possible Solutions:
 Appropriate training for tasks performed. Example topics include the following:
 Causes of kicks, including detection
 Pressure concepts and calculations
 Well control procedures
 Gas characteristics and behavior
 Fluids
 Constant bottom hole pressure well control methods
 Well control equipment
 Regulatory information
 Use of appropriate well control equipment including:
 Specification
 Installation
 Maintenance
Fig. 2. Schematic of the circulating system: The drill bit, drill collar, annulus,
drill pipe, kelly and swivel are depicted in the upper right. Drilling mud flows
through the mud return line (center) upon its return to the surface from the hole
to the shale shaker (upper left), then to the adjacent desander, desilter and
degasser back to the mud tank (upper left). Mud passes through the suction line,
and the mud pump (center) circulates the mud through the discharge line
(above), the stand pipe (upper right) through the rotary hose (right) and the
swivel (lower right), back to the kelly and into the drill pipe.
73
8.2 Monitoring and Maintaining Mud System
The mud circulatory system consists of the elements shown in Fig.2.
Each part of this system must function and be in good repair to maintain well control.
[For more information, see Maintenance Activities]
If the mud level increases, it may be a sign that a kick is in progress.
On some rigs there is a mud float level gage which sounds an automatic alarm if the
mud exceeds a pre-specified level.
Potential Hazard:
 Loss of well control (blowout)
Possible Solutions:
 Keep the mud circulating system in good working order
 Check and maintain the properties of the drilling fluid, including proper pit level
periodically
 Properly train crew in monitoring and well control procedures.
Fig. 3. Kick illustration: Schematic of mud circulating system, with a close up

view of the drill bit hitting the lower vein at unexpected higher pressure. KICK
occurring. Mud pit fills. Shut-in well. Above the animation is the illustration of
the mud return from the surface to the mud pit through the circulating system.
Maintain a properly functioning surface control system.
74
8.3 Installing BOPs, Accumulator, and Choke Manifold
Inst
Fig. 4. A blowout preventer (BOP) with one annular BOP on top and two ram
type BOPs are stacked together with a kill line valve and a choke line valve.
Fig. 5. Choke manifold

The blowout preventer (BOP), accumulator and choke manifold are installed by the
rig crew after the surface casing is set and cemented. The accumulator and choke
manifold have been set into place during rigging up and now need to be hooked up
and tested. The choke line valve is used to redirect the mud from the well bore to the
choke manifold during a kick. The kill line valve is used to direct drilling fluid to the
BOP during a kick.
Potential Hazards:
 Being crushed by falling equipment if hoisting slings fail.
75
 Being struck by, pinched by or caught between equipment during installation.
Possible Solutions:
 Ensure workers stand clear of equipment being hoisted and tag lines are used where
appropriate.
 Coordinate hoisting tasks with rig crew.
 Inspect the hoisting slings for wear before any hoisting operation.
 Ensure all personnel wear proper PPE.
Additional Resources:
 RP 53, Blowout Prevention Equipment Systems for Drilling Operations. Second
Edition. American Petroleum Institute (API), (2006, May). Provides information that
can serve as a guide for installation and testing of blowout prevention equipment
systems on land and marine drilling rigs (barge, platform, bottom-supported, and
floating). This is the recommended specification for the installation, use, and
maintenance of this equipment.
8.4 Testing BOPs, Accumulators, and Choke Manifold
ccu
 Fig. 6. Choke manifold
The BOPs, accumulators, and choke manifold should be tested and properly
maintained.
Potential Hazards:
 Being hit by hoses or sprayed by hydraulic fluid if there is a seal or hydraulic line
failure during pressure testing.
Possible Solutions:
76
 Ensure workers stand clear of pressurized lines during testing procedures.
8.5 Maintaining Surface Control System
Ma
Fig. 7. BOP
Properly maintain the surface control system.
Potential Hazards:
 Protruding pipes and objects
 Being struck by dropped objects.
 Atmospheric hazards
Possible Solutions:
 Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (such as hard hats, work gloves,
safety shoes, and eye protection).
 Implement injury awareness training (such as dropped objects, working from
heights)
 Use appropriate fall protection.
 Ensure workers are aware of the slipping and falling hazards.
 Monitor for potential hazards (H2S, methane, O2 deficiency).
77
9. Drill and Procedure
The following procedure shall be carried out in case .
9.1 First-Aid Drill

1. If any person is injured on the well site, the injured or witness shall shout aloud
and sound the alarm for help and shall inform the site doctor and rig manager;
2. Doctor and emergency team shall run to the well site, and ambulance driver shall
get the ambulance ready for emergency transportation;
3. Doctor on site shall, after checking the injury and making necessary treatment,
make the decision for taking measures to help the injured and fill in a first aid
report. Representative of contractor shall report the situation to both the
supervisor and the principle emergency team in headquarter.
4. Get in touch, by telephone, radio or walkie-talkie, with local hospital according to
the injury condition, time and place, and request the hospital to get ready for
emergency aid;
5. Member on first aid ambulance shall, at any moment during transit the injured to
local hospital, keep in touch with first aid team, and report injury state of the
injured and the current place of ambulance at any time. The first aid team shall
also report the same to the supervisor and contractor’s representative, and shall at
the same time contact with a high-level hospital so as to get its help in case the
local hospital has no ability to treat the injured in time.
Note:
i. To make sure doctor on site can be contracted in time.
ii. Doctor Name:
iii. Telephone on ambulance:
First Aid Procedures
The following procedure shall be carried out in case of person requiring Medical aid
for illness or injury.
78
9.2 Trip Drill Procedure
1. The toolpusher simulates the kick by raising a float in the mud pits or by raising
the arm on the flow show indicator and making a note of the time. The drilling
foreman should assist in observing the crew and recording completion times.
2. The driller must detect the kick and sound the alarm. The time of the alarm
should be noted. Upon hearing the alarm, all members of the drilling crew should
immediately execute their assigned duties.
3. The driller should prepare to shut in the well using the Shut-in Procedure While
Tripping. This will include spacing out and stabbing/closing the FOSV. After the
FOSV is installed and the driller is ready to close the BOP, the drilling foreman
should announce to the driller that exercise is only a drill and that it is not
necessary to closes the BOP. The time should be noted when the driller is
prepared to shut in the well.
4. Members of the drilling crew should proceed with their assigned duties and report
back to the rig floor upon completion.
These duties may include:
Driller:
Shut in the well (simulated).
Record drillpipe pressure and casing pressure.
Record time.
79
Measure pit gain.
Check choke manifold for calve positioning and leaks.
Ass. Driller:
Check accumulator pressures and pumps.
Check BOP stack for leaks and proper valve positions.
Derrick man:
Down from the mokeyboard quickly.
Proceed to choke manifold.
Check the Shut-in Pressure & wait the indication.
Two Floormen:
Assist Driller On the rig floor.
Mud boy:
Weigh sample of mud from suction pit.
Check volumes of barite, gel, and water on location.
Motorman:
Turn on Water jets to diesel exhausts.
Wait the instruction.
Other Personnel:
Proceed to the safe briefing area.
5. End the Drill: Driller should sound three time short blasts on rig air horn. Bring
back all settings to normal.
9.3 Shut-In Procedure

WHILE DRILLING（HARD SHUT-IN）
1. SOUND ALARM。
2. PU DRILL STRING AND SPOT TOOL JIONT。
3. SHUT DOWN MUD PUMPS。
4. CLOSE ANNULAR 。
5. OPEN HYDRAULIC CHOCKE LINE VALVE（HCR）。
6. CONFIRM WELL IS SHUT-IN AND RECORD：
80
-SIDPP
-SICP
BBLS OF MUD GAINED
SHUT-IN PROCEDURE
WHILE DRILLING（HARD SHUT-IN）
1. SOUND ALARM。
2. PU DRILL STRING AND SPOT TOOL JIONT。
3. SHUT DOWN MUD PUMPS。
4. CLOSE ANNULAR 。
5. OPEN HYDRAULIC CHOCKE LINE VALVE（HCR）。
6. CONFIRM WELL IS SHUT-IN AND RECORD：
-SIDPP
-SICP
BBLS OF MUD GAINED
9.4 Pit Drill Procedure

1. The toolpusher simulates the kick by raising a float in the mud pits or by raising
the arm on the flow show indicator and making a note of the time. The drilling
foreman should assist in observing the crew and recording completion times.
2. The driller must detect the kick and sound the alarm. The time of the alarm
should be noted. Upon hearing the alarm, all members of the drilling crew should
immediately execute their assigned duties.
3. The driller should prepare to shut in the well using the shut-in Procedure While
Drilling. The drilling foreman should be on the rig floor to announce to the driller
that exercise is only a drill and to stop him before he actually closes the BOP. The
time should be noted when the driller is prepared to shut in the well.
4. Members of the drilling crew should report back to the rig floor having completed
their assigned duties.
These duties may include:
Driller:
Shut in the well (simulated).
81
Record drill pipe pressure and casing pressure.
Record time.
Measure pit gain.
Check choke manifold for valve positioning and leaks.
Asst. Driller:
Check accumulator pressures and pumps.
Check BOP stack for leaks and proper valve positions.
Derrick man:
Proceed to Choke Manifold.
Check the Shut-in Pressure & wait the indication.
Two Floormen:
Assist Driller On the rig floor.
Mud boy:
Weigh sample of mud from suction pit.
Check volumes of barite, gel, and water on location.
Motorman:
Turn on Water jets to diesel exhausts.
Wait the instruction.
Other Personnel:
Proceed to the safe briefing area.
5. End the Drill: Driller should sound three times short blasts on rig air horn. Bring
back all settings to normal.
9.5 Bop Drill Procedure

•BOP Alarm: Sound rig air horn continuously until well shut-in BOP.
•Driller: shut-in well as per procedure. Inform company man and toolpusher .
•Asst. Driller: proceed to choke manifold and cellar area. Check Shut in pressure and
await instructions.
•Floormen: Assit driller on rig floor.
•Mud engineer & Derrickmen: Attend mud tanks and await instructions.
82
•Roustabouts: Mud mixing area.
•Crane & forklift operator: Mud mixing area.
•Electrician and Mechanic: Proceed to SCR and await instructions.
•Remaining Personal: Proceed to safe briefing area.
•End of Drill: Three short blasts on rig air horn.
9.6 H2S Drill Procedure

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
•H2S alarm sound(amber strobe light and horn).alarm should be audible to sleepers
inside rooms.
•There are two, clearly marked, safe briefing areas located at the entrance and exit of
the rig site, both equipped with 30-min SCBA.
•Always evacuate to up wind direction.
•Shut-down all vehicle engines.
PROCEDURE:
1. Driller and two floormen don 5-min SCBA and plug into cascade system.
2. Shut-in well as per shut-in procedure.
3. The driller and the two floormen stay on rig floor. Await instructions before
proceeding to the Safe Briefing Area donning 5-min SCBA.
4. The toolpusher and Assistant Driller don 30-min SCBA. Make sure well is
secured. Locate gas and direct floor crew accordingly.
5. Chief roustabout and 1(one) roustabout don 30 SCBA. Check for sleepers inside
rooms, then head to Safe Briefing Area for headcount.
6. The rest of rig crew proceeds to the Safe Briefing Area .
7. Medic takes emergency first aid kit and portable oxygen resuscitator unit to the
Safe Briefing Area ,conduct headcount and report it to the Company Man.
8. At the Safe Briefing Area, two 2-men teams begin mask up in case they needed
for search and rescue.
83
10. General Safety and Health
Fig. 1. Welding with fire control
10.1 HSE Meeting

One of the most important parts of any company’s Health Safety and Environment
Program should be regular HSE meetings. Each of these meetings should be well
planned and organized with each crew in advance. The format of meeting records
should include a presentation of past, present, and future rig operations.
Pre-job meetings should be held for routine and non-routine operations. The meeting
should provide suggestions, solutions and conclusions. There should be time
allocated for participation from each member.
Meetings should be documented, and all employees present should note their
attendance.
10.2 Safety Inspections

Regular inspections should be made to determine if the equipment is safe to operate.
Although a supervisor or other designated company representative should perform
inspections, all employees are responsible to report any unsafe conditions they
observe. The rig should be inspected from every viewpoint. Unsafe conditions and
acts should be reported to the supervisor.
84
10.3 Job Safety Analysis（JSA）
Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is an important incident prevention tool that works by
identifying hazards and eliminating or minimizing them before the job is performed
and before they have a chance to become incidents. The rig crews will become
owners of the JSA process and incorporate it into all appropriate activities. The
critical phase is education of employees in the purpose and importance of the JSA
process.
A hazard is a potential danger. The purpose of the JSA is to identify ALL hazards,
both those produced by the environment or conditions, and those connected with job
procedure. To identify hazards, these questions should be asked about each step:
1. Is there a danger of the employee being struck by, or making injurious contact with an object?
2. Can an employee(s) be caught in, by, or between objects?
3. Is there a potential for slip, trip or fall?
4. Could employees suffer strains from pushing, pulling, lifting, bending or twisting?
5. Is the environment hazardous to safety (gas, dust, fumes, chemicals, noise, heat, or cold)?
6. Is there a potential for unexpected pressure release or well control incident?
7. Is there a potential to contact electric current?
8. Is there an environmental risk?
9. Are hazards present from simultaneous operations?
From the listed job steps and hazard identification, employees should be able to
decide what actions and/or procedures are necessary to eliminate or minimize the
hazards that could lead to an accident or injury. Following are recommended actions
or procedures to eliminate or control each identified hazard:
1. Engineer the hazard out
2. Provide guards or safety devices
3. Provide personal protective equipment
4. Provide job instruction, training, and signage
10.4 Incident Reporting Procedures

All injuries, no matter how minor, should be reported immediately to the Tool
pusher/supervisor and treated.
All injuries, which occur during the course of employment, must be reported on the
appropriate Incident/Injury form by HSE officer or Rig HSE man. All sections of the
85
form should be completed with correct and concise information.
The Tool pusher should contact the appropriate agencies to ensure that all regulatory
reports are completed and submitted.
10.5 Personal Protective Equipment

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) should be provided, used and maintained in a
sanitary and reliable condition whenever necessary, based upon a hazard assessment
of the workplace. When the employee furnishes his or her own equipment, the
employer should be responsible to assure it is suitable for its intended use.
The employer should perform a hazard assessment of the workplace and verify it has
been performed through a written certification that identifies the workplace
evaluated.
Head Protection
Safety hard hats should be worn by all personnel, including operator representatives,
third party personnel, and visitors at all times in working areas and when outside the
accommodation area, except when in an office or riding in a vehicle.
Do not alter hard hats such as: by boring holes through the shell, carving designs, etc.,
as this could weaken the hat and reduce the protection it provides.
Plastic Safety hard hats should be maintained as per company policies and procedures
developed in consideration of the manufacturer’s recommendations. They should not
be painted and should be stored out of the sunrays when not in use.
Fall Protection
Persons working aloft should wear an approved full-body harness with appropriate
fall protection any time they are over six feet above the ground or other working
surface. Derrick workers should be secured at all times (100% tie off) when either
climbing or working in the derrick. It may be necessary to utilize a dual lanyard
system so that the worker can connect one lanyard before disconnecting the first. A
separate safety lanyard or fall arrest device should secure workers before they
disconnect from the derrick climbing anti-fall device.
A full body harness specially designed for working derricks should be utilized when
86
working on the derrick board. All fall protection should be kept in its originally
designed configuration.
The user should inspect full-body harnesses and other fall protection devices before
each use. Safety harnesses and lanyards should be cleaned as per manufacturer
recommendations. Any worn or defective harness and other fall protection devices
should be reported to the supervisor and permanently removed from use.
Manufacturer’s instructions for inspection and replacement should be followed.
When safety harnesses and lanyards are used, the following safety rules should be
adhered to:
1. Avoid dragging the lanyard, especially over sharp or coarse objects.
2. Minimize exposure of nylon or other synthetic fall protection equipment to excessive heat or UV (ultraviolet)
rays.
3. Do not tie knots in a lanyard to make it shorter.
4. Never hook two or more lanyards together to increase the length.
5. Inspect harness and lanyard before each use for wear and/or deterioration, and at intervals of not more than
monthly.
6. Always destroy any harness or lanyard that was subjected to a shock load imposed by a fall.
8. Nylon or synthetic lanyards should not be used around welding operations; steel lanyards with shock absorbers
should be used.
Eye and Face Protection

Personnel, including observers and helpers, should wear approved safety
glasses/goggles while working on rigs, in shops and yards. When face shields are
required, goggles should be worn.
Goggles and face shields, along with rubber gloves and aprons, should be worn when
handling caustic or other corrosive material. The manufacturer’s safety
recommendations and MSDS sheets should be readily available for each product.
Persons whose vision requires the use of corrective lenses should wear either safety
glasses or goggles that can be worn over the corrective lenses without disturbing the
adjustment.
Safety Shoes/Boots
Safety shoes/boots should be worn by all personnel, including visitors whenever they
are outside the accommodation (living quarters and offices) areas.
87
Hearing Protection
Employees should be instructed in the hazards of working in high noise areas and
proper use of hearing protection devices. Areas should be evaluated for noise levels
and those areas where noise exceeds 85 dba should be marked with “Caution Hearing
Protection Required” signs. Hearing protection should be provided at the entrance to
all high noise areas. Some situations may require the use of ear plugs as well as ear
muffs.
Respiratory Protection
Proper respiratory protection should be provided and used when such equipment is
necessary to protect the health of the employees. Respiratory hazards that may be
present and respiratory protection that may be used are:
1. Toxic Gas such as Hydrogen Sulfide released from drilling mud, cleaning tank bottoms, spud cans or during a
gas kick.
2. Chemical Dust from mixing chemicals to the mud system.
3. Organic Vapors from painting, vapors off of oil or synthetic fluid based mud.
4. Oxygen deficient atmosphere found in confined spaces such as tanks.
In the event the respirator shows signs of failure, the worker should immediately go
to an area having respirable air and report any respirator malfunction to a person
responsible for the respirator program.
Proper Clothing
Rig personnel should start each tour with clean clothing and should have an extra
change of clothing, should work clothes become oily and chemically saturated. Loose
or poorly fitted clothing should not be worn.
It is recommended that shirts with sleeves be worn. The minimum length should be
the standard half-sleeve. Pant cuffs should be worn outside the boot tops and not
tucked inside the boots.
Electrical Protective Equipment
Employees who work directly with electricity should use the personal protective
equipment required for the jobs they perform. This equipment may include:
A. Rubber insulating gloves,
B. Insulating hoods,
C. Insulating sleeves,
88
D. Dielectric matting or blankets,
Hand Protection
Employees should use appropriate hand protection when their hands are exposed to
hazards. Selection should be based on the evaluation of tasks to be performed. Gloves
that are worn or damaged should be replaced. When handling chemicals, refer to the
MSDS for proper hand protection.
10.6 Safety and Health Program

This page lists many general safety and health concerns. Each topic is linked to a
page with more information about the activity and sources of information.
 Establish a safety and health program. For further guidance see Safety and Health
Management Systems eTool. Contact your workers compensation insurance provider
engineering group for further information about behavior based safety programs. See
OSHA's Oil and Gas Well Drilling, Servicing, and Storage Safety and Health Topics
Page.
 Contact OSHA consultation services. From the OSHA consultation service
employers can find out about potential hazards at their worksites, improve their
occupational safety and health management systems, and even qualify for a one-year
exemption from routine OSHA inspections.

 Slips, Trips, and Falls
89
There are many ways to protect from slips, trips, and falls. Even so, they still happen
and the following are means to either prevent slips, trips, and falls or to minimize the
consequences if they should happen.
 Be aware of the slipping and falling hazards when working on the drilling floor,
servicing rig floors or other platforms.
 Keep all work areas clean and clear of oil, tools, and debris.
 Use non-skid surfaces where appropriate.
 Provide guardrails and guards around work areas that are prone to slips, trips, and
falls.
 Install, inspect, and secure stairs and handrails.
 Instruct workers on proper procedures for using and installing ladders.
 Use only ladders in good repair that do not have missing rungs.
 Do not install stairs with missing or damaged steps. Repair them before installing
them.
 Keep walkways clean and free of debris and tripping hazards. Keep all cords and
hoses orderly and clear of walking spaces.
 Cover open cellars.
 Conduct a pre-job inspection to identify, then eliminate or correct hazardous work
surfaces.
 Walking/Working Surfaces Standard requires]: Keep all places of employment
clean and in an orderly condition.
 Keep aisles and passageways clear and in good repair, with no obstruction across
or in aisles that could create a hazard
 Provide floor plugs for equipment so power cords need not run across pathways.
 Use waterproof footgear to decrease slip/fall hazards.
 Walkways
 Floor and Wall Openings
 Stairs and Stairways
90
 Elevated Surfaces
 Webbing
 Strains and Sprains
General solutions for strains and sprains include:
 Use proper lifting technique.
 Hoist slowly to limit pipe momentum.
 Seek assistance when moving awkward and heavy guards and covers.
 Use proper stance and slip-lifting techniques. Slips have three handles and should
be lifted jointly by more than one person.
 Use lifting equipment and limit manual positioning of elevators.
 Practice proper hand placement and use of pullback (tail) ropes.
 Use mechanical lifting aids, proper lifting techniques, and team lifting where
appropriate.
 Use proper hand and body positioning.
 Ergonomics. OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page.
 Hand Injury
 Lifting
 Repetitive motions
 Weather Conditions
Weather conditions can create hazardous working conditions: therefore it is necessary
to monitor weather conditions and forecasts to allow time to prepare for such
conditions as may occur. Lightning is especially hazardous and unpredictable. When
lightning is present, crews must avoid situations where they could become part of
potential current paths.
10.7 Hot Work/Welding

Hot work is any work that involves burning, welding, using fire- or spark-producing
tools, or that produces a source of ignition. Welding and cutting operations are
common to drilling and servicing operations. Test for flammable gases in the work
91
area before starting any hot work. Potentially hazardous areas include, but are not
limited to, well heads, fuel tanks, mud tanks, tank batteries, gas separators, oil treaters,
or confined spaces where gases can accumulate.
A Hot Work Permit program should be used to ensure that gas or electric welding or
cutting is done in a safe and efficient manner. A Hot Work Permit should be prepared
for working outside the welding shop (designated safe welding area).
Fig. 3. Hot work - welding

 Hot Work, Fire, and Explosive Hazards
Workers performing hot work such as welding, cutting, brazing, soldering, and
grinding are exposed to the risk of fires from ignition of flammable or combustible
materials in the space, and from leaks of flammable gas into the space, from hot work
equipment.
Potential Hazard:
 Getting burned by fires or explosions during hot work.
Possible Solutions:
The basic precautions for fire prevention are:
 Perform hot work in a safe location, or with fire hazards removed or covered.
 Use guards to confine the heat, sparks, and slag, and to protect the immovable fire
hazards.
Special Precautions:
92
 Do not perform hot work where flammable vapors or combustible materials exist.
Work and equipment should be relocated outside of the hazardous areas, when
possible.
 Make suitable fire-extinguishing equipment immediately available. Such
equipment may consist of pails of water, buckets of sand, hose, or portable
extinguishers.
 Assign additional personnel (fire watch) to guard against fire while hot work is
being performed in locations where anything greater than a minor fire might develop,
or if any of the following conditions exist:
1. Appreciable combustible material is closer than 35 feet to the point of operation.
2. Appreciable combustibles are more than 35 feet away but are easily ignited by
sparks.
3. Wall or floor openings within a 35-foot radius expose combustible material in
adjacent areas including concealed spaces in walls or floors.
4. Combustible materials are adjacent to the opposite side of metal partitions, walls,
ceilings, or roofs and are likely to be ignited by conduction or radiation.
Fire watchers shall:
 Have fire-extinguishing equipment readily available and be trained in its use.
 Be familiar with facilities for sounding an alarm in the event of a fire.
 Watch for fires in all exposed areas, try to extinguish them only when obviously
within the capacity of the equipment available, or otherwise sound the alarm.
 Maintain the fire watch at least a half hour after completion of welding or cutting
operations to detect and extinguish possible smoldering fires.
 Potential Hazard:
 Getting burned by a flash fire or explosion that results from an accumulation of
flammable gases, such as Methane or Hydrogen Sulfide, around the wellhead area.
Possible Solutions:
 Monitor the atmosphere with a gas detector. If a flammable or combustible gas
exceeds 10 percent of the lower explosive level (LEL), the work must be stopped.
 Identify the source of the gas and repair the leakage.
93
 Welding, Cutting, and Brazing
All hot work is potentially hazardous and a hazard assessment should be performed to
determine where the hazards exist.
Potential Hazard:
 Injury and illness caused by hot work (such as, welding fumes, UV light, sparks,
noise, or skin injury).
Possible Solutions:
 Inspect the work area to ensure that all fuel and ignition sources are isolated by
shielding, clearing the area, lockout/tagout, soaking flammable material with water.
 Wear appropriate PPE, such as face shield, leather welder's vest, and gauntlet
gloves. Use cotton or denim clothing.
 Provide UV shielding for arc welding where practical.
 Inspect welding and cutting equipment before use (arc or gas welding/burning).
 Leak test gas torches, gauges, and hoses.
 Review the hot work permit if available.
 Ensure the availability of adequate fire watch/fire protection equipment.
 Ensure adequate ventilation from toxic welding and cutting fumes.
 Confined Space Entry.
Special Hazard:
94
 Accumulation of toxic gases within a confined space.
 A hazardous atmosphere exists in oxygen-deficient (atmospheric concentration of
less than 19.5 percent) or oxygen-enriched (atmospheric concentration of more than
23.5 percent).
Possible Solutions:
 Ventilate toxic metal fumes mechanically, if entering a confined space, such as
inside of a mud tank, water tank, oil tanks, hoppers, sump, pit or cellar.
 Use a written permit system to document authorization to enter, the work to be
performed, and the results of the gas monitoring where there is a potential for toxic,
flammable, or oxygen-deficient atmosphere. Both a hot work and confined entry
permit may be required for welding, cutting or brazing within a confined space.
Fig. 5. Welding - hot work

 Cylinder Storage
Potential Hazard:
 Falling or rolling injuries from improper gas cylinder storage
Possible Solutions:
 Ensure cylinders are properly stored in an upright position and chained in separate
racks.
 Store full and empty cylinders separately.
Potential Hazard:
 Valve opening or break off, exposing workers to toxic fumes and flammable gas,
caused by improper gas cylinder storage
Possible Solutions:
95
 Store cylinder properly.
 Always remove gauges and regulators, and install protective valve caps before
transporting.
Potential Hazard:
 Gas cylinders causing fires or explosions
Possible Solutions:
 Store cylinders in a dry, well-ventilated location.
 Avoid storing flammable substances in the same area as gas cylinders.
 Avoid storing cylinders of oxygen within 20 feet of cylinders containing
flammable gases.
 Store all cylinders upright and chained in separate racks.
 Store full and empty cylinders separately.
Fig. 6. Properly stored cylinders

 Grinding
Potential Hazard:
 Grinding (that results in sparks, noise, eye and skin injury from flying metal filings,
grinding wheel pieces, etc.).
 Having fingers or hands caught in the grinding wheel, resulting in amputation.
 Being struck by portable grinder.
Possible Solutions:
 Wear appropriate PPE, such as face shield. Use cotton or denim clothing.
 Inspect grinding equipment before use.
 Review the hot work permit if available.
 Ensure the availability of adequate fire watch/fire protection equipment.
96
Fig. 7. Hand grinding
 Well Site Ignition Sources
There are a number of potential sources of ignition for flammable gases and liquids
on the drill site. It is necessary to provide for a general ignition safety program which
could pre-empt potential hazards of fire and explosion.
Potential Hazard:
 Ignition and explosions of flammable gases or vapors from:
 Internal-combustion engine sparks
 Open flames from any source
 Smoking
 Welding operations
 Electric power tools
 Two-way radios
 Vehicles with catalytic converters
 Portable generators
Possible Solutions:
 Provide spark arrestors for internal-combustion engines.
 Post "NO SMOKING" signs wherever a flammable gas or vapor hazard exists.
 Locate "spark producing" equipment or facilities well away from potential hazard
areas.
 Prohibit vehicles with catalytic converters from the immediate vicinity of the rig.
 Prohibit open flames from the vicinity of the rig.
97
Fig. 8. Ignition source
10.8 Hydrogen Sulfide Gas

Note: It is not the intent of this section to create an H2S contingency plan.
Hydrogen Sulfide or sour gas (H2S) is a flammable, colorless gas that is toxic at
extremely low concentrations. It is heavier than air, and may accumulate in low-lying
areas. It smells like "rotten eggs" at low concentrations and causes you to quickly
lose your sense of smell. Many areas where the gas is found have been identified, but
pockets of the gas can occur anywhere. [More]
Iron sulfide is a byproduct of many production operations and may spontaneously
combust with air.
Flaring operations associated with H2S production will generate Sulfur Dioxide (S02),
another toxic gas.
Active monitoring for hydrogen sulfide gas and good planning and training programs
for workers are the best ways to prevent injury and death.
Also see: NIOSH Classification of H2S Hazard Areas.
98
Fig. 9. Hydrogen sulfide warning sign: Warning Hazardous Area is in yellow
letters on a black background. In black letters on a yellow background, the sign
says Hydrogen Sulfide, Extreme Health Hazard, Fatal or Harmful if Inhaled.
 Release of H2S
All personnel working in an area where concentrations of Hydrogen Sulfide may
exceed the 10 Parts Per Million (PPM) should be provided with training before
beginning work assignments.
Potential Hazard:
 H2S exposure greater than the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
Possible Solutions:
Implement an H2S contingency plan (see API) including, but not limited to:
 Appropriate instruction in the use of hydrogen sulfide safety equipment to all
personnel present at all hydrogen sulfide hazard areas.
 Gas detection where hydrogen sulfide may exist.
 Appropriate respiratory protection for normal and emergency use. Respiratory
Protection Standard, (H2S).
For emergency response information, see Hazardous Waste and Emergency Response
(HAZWOPER) Standard,.
Comprehensive training should be provided for workers in H2S operations.
Example topics include:
99
Fig. 10.SCBA Fig. 11. Gas detector
 Identification of the characteristics, sources, and hazards of Hydrogen Sulfide.
 Proper use of the Hydrogen Sulfide detection methods used on the site.
 Recognition of, and proper response to, Hydrogen Sulfide warnings at the
workplace.
 Symptoms of Hydrogen Sulfide exposure.
 Proper rescue techniques and first-aid procedures to be used in a Hydrogen Sulfide
exposure.
 Proper use and maintenance of personal protective equipment. Demonstrated
proficiency in using PPE should be required.
 Worker awareness and understanding of workplace practices and maintenance
procedures to protect personnel from exposure to hydrogen sulfide.
 Wind direction awareness and routes of egress.
 Confined space and enclosed facility entry procedures.
 Locations and use of safety equipment.
 Locations of safe briefing areas.
 Use and operation of all Hydrogen Sulfide monitoring systems.
 Emergency response procedures, corrective action, and shutdown procedures.
 Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide on the components of the Hydrogen Sulfide handling
system.
100
 The importance of drilling fluid treating plans prior to encountering Hydrogen
Sulfide.
Accessibility Assistance: Contact the OSHA Directorate of Science, Technology and
Medicine at 202-693-2310 for assistance accessing PDF materials.
Fig. 12.SCBA Fig. 13. Gas detector

 Metal Fatigue
Metal fatigue, including hydrogen embrittlement or sulfide stress cracking, can result
in a release of hydrogen sulfide gas.
Potential Hazard:
 Being exposed to Hydrogen Sulfide.
 Getting Injured due to equipment failure.
Possible Solutions:
 Select materials in accordance with the MR0175/ISO15156 criteria for H2S
service.
 MR 0175, Metals for Sulfide Stress Cracking and Stress Corrosion Cracking
Resistance in Sour Oilfield Environments. National Association of Corrosion
Engineers (NACE), (2003, December) [Also ISO 15156, Petroleum and natural gas
industries—Materials for use in H2S containing environments in oil and gas
production, International Standards Organization (ISO)].
101
 Technical Committees - MR 0175 Links. Reviewed and approved 15 proposals for
change to the standard.
 Treat drilling fluids to chemically reduce corrosion failures.
Fig. 14. H2S metal fatigue

 Accumulation of H2S
It is possible for hydrogen sulfide gas to accumulate in any low or enclosed area,
such as a gas venting system, mud system, cellars, pits, and tanks.
Potential Hazard:
 Being exposed to Hydrogen Sulfide.
Possible Solutions:
 Provide adequate ventilation for the removal of any accumulation of H2S.
 Implement effective confined space entry program.
 Additional Information
Additional guidance materials are available from:
 RP 49, Recommended Practice for Drilling and Well Servicing Operations
Involving Hydrogen Sulfide. American Petroleum Institute (API), (2007,
March). Includes well drilling, completion, servicing, workover, downhole
maintenance, and plug and abandonment procedures conducted with hydrogen sulfide
present in the fluids being handled.
10.9 H2S Special Precautions

Hydrogen Sulfide gas is very corrosive and causes metals to become brittle.
Therefore, employers need to take special precautions when choosing equipment
when they may reasonably expect to encounter H2S. This may include appropriate
102
H2S trimming of equipment in accordance with National Association of Corrosion
Engineers (NACE) Standards.
All well-drilling sites should be classified according to areas of potential and/or
actual exposure to H2S. The recommendations and employee instruction will vary
depending on the type of area.
 No Hazard Condition
Any well that will not penetrate a known Hydrogen Sulfide formation would be
categorized as a No Hazard Area. Special Hydrogen Sulfide equipment is not
required.
 API Condition I - Low Hazard
Work locations where atmospheric concentrations of H2S are less than 10ppm.
Recommended for Area:
 Hydrogen Sulfide warning sign with green flag warning device present.
 Keep all safety equipment in adequate working order.
 Store the equipment in accessible locations.
 API Condition II - Medium Hazard
Work locations where atmospheric concentrations of H2S are greater than 10ppm and
less than 30ppm.
 Legible Hydrogen Sulfide warning sign with yellow flag warning device present.
 Keep a safe distance from dangerous locations if not working to decrease danger.
 Pay attention to audible and visual alarm systems.
 Follow the guidance of the operator representative.
 Keep all safety equipment in adequate working order.
 An oxygen resuscitator.
 A properly calibrated, metered hydrogen sulfide detection instrument.
 API Condition III - High Hazard
Work locations where atmospheric concentrations of H2S are greater than 30ppm.
103
 Post legible Hydrogen Sulfide warning sign with red flag warning device.
 Post signs 500 feet from the location on each road leading to the location, warning
of the hydrogen sulfide hazard.
 Check all Hydrogen Sulfide safety equipment to ensure readiness before each tour
change.
 Establish a means of communication or instruction for emergency procedures and
maintain them on location, along with contact information of persons to be informed
in case of emergencies.
 Ensure usability of two exits at each location.
 Do not permit employees on location without hydrogen Sulfide safety training.
(Employees may be permitted on location for specific Hydrogen Sulfide training
purposes that does not include general rig training.)
 Pay attention to audible and visual alarm systems.
 Two Hydrogen Sulfide detectors should be present (one should be a properly
calibrated, metered detection instrument, and the other should be a pump type with
detector tubes. The maximum permissible exposure limit (PEL) is 20 ppm.
Respiratory protection would be required if periodic testing indicates employee
exposures to H2S at concentrations above the PEL. See OSHA Standard Respiratory
Protection, [1910.134]).
 Oxygen resuscitator.
 Three wind socks and streamers.
 Two NIOSH/MSHA 30-minute, self-contained breathing apparatus for emergency
escape from the contaminated area only.
 Appendix A - Physical Properties and Physiological Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide
104
11. Safety Alert
105
Development Drilling Group
r:::<>fofll Alert # 138 1410612011
High Potential Incident - Allenvator wire rope snapped

lYPllllflocldBOt: }> Inspection criteria and frequency of inspection as
High potential Near Miss per GEM to be identified and conducted and
lllcalillo: recorded.
BWD rig; SA-446 }> Crew responsible for maintenance of allenvator to
be trained on installation, maintenance and
Dalll & TimllllflocidBOt:
inspection.
Id" June 2011 ; 15:00 Hrs.
10cldll01DlIscripU,o 10 Drill/:
Floor man from the rig floor operated the alJenvator
(personnel elevator) for coming down to the ground
level. The aflenvalor was at the ground level. The
empty allenvator was travelling from ground level to
rig flOOf as floor man operated the switch. When it
reached around middle of its path, one of the wire
ropes connected to the counterweight snapped.
However the emergency brake system activated
automatically and the allenvator completely
stopped.
'1I1110U.' DOlCllmll:
Could have caused serious injuries and property
damage, if emergency brake fai/ed and personnel
weffi travelling in the allenvator.
Wh.1 WIIOI WfIIOgP

~ The wire rope connected to the counterweight
was in damaged condition.
>- Inspection was carried out before the incident and
since damage in the wire rope was noticed,
contractor generated material requisition for new
wire rope. But no action was taken to stop the use
of aflenvalor by the crew.
}> The inspection criteria and frequency as per the
OEM was not followed and no planned
inspections carried out for the allenvator.
}> Preventive maintenance program was not - .
implemented as per the OEM requirement.
RllcllmmllodedCllffeCUVII AcUoos:
}> Contractor to have Preventive Maintenance
program as per the OEM requirements.
106
Kuwait Oil Company
@
=.==
Safe Alert # 152
Tripping on casing slip handle resulted in fracture to the left forehand (LTD
location: • Immediate supervisors to ensure that the potential
Rig BWD 129 @ Well No. - RA 0476 hazards were discussed during pre-job safety
meetings.
Employer of the IP: • Contractor has to provide the refresher training on
Surgan Drilling Company JSA & hazard identification to 011 crew.
0'
Date & Time Incident:
28'" March 2012, 1310hr5
• Motivate and empower crew to stop and report
unsafe conditions and acts. The corrective actions on
the crew hazard observations shall be t racked .
• Crew shall be motivated to discuss about unsafe
Incident Description in Brief:
practices followed in the rig site safety meetings.
Running of 18 5/8" casing was in progress when the
I
incident hod occurred. The Injured Party (IP Floor mon) • Ensure crew roles and responsibilities for each work
joined duty along with afternoon shift crew of 1200 Hrs. category shall be issued to 011 crew.
At around 13: 10 hrs after setting slip on the rotory, • Competency, physical fitness, ability to communicate
casing fill up activity was in progress. While crew and altitude towards safety of the crew shall be
members were waiting for the completion of fill up, two monitored to ensure the crew is fit to perform t/:le
more floor men who were tote hod joined the shift ond work assigned to them effectively and safely.
reached the drill floor. IjP raised both arms ond
approached towards the stairs near dog house to greet
the crew who hod joined late. While doing this, IjP's foot
struck the slip handle which was set on the rotary and he
tripped forward. He fell on the antiskid rotary mat on the
rig floor with the body weight rested on the left arm. He
sustained facture on his left forehand Le. few inches
below the wrist.
Outcome:
IP (Floor Men) sustained fracture on his left arm.
What Went Wrong:

• IjP walked close to the rotary even though there was
adequate space on drill floor to walk away from the
rotary i.e. from the potential trip hazard.
• IjP did not pay attention to the slip handle which was
on rotary.
• Horse play at the work site.
• Inadequate focus or inattention on the job assigned.
• Failure to follow the drill floor safe working practices.
Recommendations to Prevent Reoccurrence:

• Awareness sessions shall be periodically conducted on
safe practices to be followed at the rig site.
• Refresher training to be conducted on HSE
requirements os per contractor's HSEMS manuol.
107
IN• • ....,
Safet Alert #154 10/April/2012
Tubing stand dropped on roustabout foot resulting in amputation of toe
Type of Incident: > Lack of supervision on rig floor while relief floormen
lost time injury (LTI) were working.
>- Lacks of drop object awareness among the crew.
Location: > No tailing ropes used by crew to handle suspended and
SP923; MN22 moving load.
>- Poor hazard observation skills of supervisors
Date & Time of Incident: >- Substandard safety shoes used by crew not meeting
th
6 April 2012 @2050Hrs rated toe cap impact resistance for the industry.
Incident Description in Brief: Recommended Immediate Corrective Actions:

th
On 6 April 2012, SNP923 was in the operation of RIH
with 3 J1 tubing at Well no. MN22. After running in >- Derrickman and Driller to verify that the pipe/ tubing
around 32 stands, at around 2050Hrs, the derrick man stand is properly boxed in the elevator before picking
lotched one stand of tubing in to the slip type elevators, up the stand and allowing the floor man to guide it
approximately 5 It below the latching position (box end) into the rotary or rocking place.
of the stand. Two roustabouts involved in this operation, >- Relief roustabouts should not be allowed to work alone
who were working on rig floor as relievers for the floor on the rig floor, they should be assisted with on
men, guided the stond from racking area to rotary table. experienced floor man at 011 times.
When the driller picked up the stand (about 3ft high >- Driller/AD/NTP to be given awareness training on
from the rig floor) to move towards rotary for supervisory skills and hazard observation techniques.
connection, due to the straightening of the stand the >- Only one relief floor man to be allowed to work on rig
tubing slide down on the elevator as it was not latched floor at 0 time. Driller / AD to manage the crew breaks
on the shoulder and dropped on the right foot of the according to this.
roustabout who was on the V-door end guiding the >- Use of tailing ropes or other hands off tools to handle
stand to rotary. Due to the impact of dropping stand, suspended load.
(weighs approx. 580Ibs), cut open the toe end of the >- Replace safety shoes in use to meet EN345 standards,
safety shoe amputing the ~ and 4th toe on his right foot.
with rated toe cop impact resistance, os specified by
IP was taken to hospital after giving first aid in rig KOC
ambulance.
Outcome:
Amputation of 3'" and 4 th toe on right foot.
Potential Outcome:
The incident cou ld have caused mu ltiple LTls or fatal
injury.
What Went Wrong:

> Failure of Driller and Derrick man to foresee the hidden
hazard that the tubing wiff slip down due to improper
latching position of the tubing stand in the elevator.
> Driller picked up stand without being aware of the
potential hazard.
> Two inexperienced roustabouts working on rig floor as
relief floormen during critical operation.
Position of IP at the time of incident
108
r

Safet Alert #155 29/0412012
Brake Linkage Failure High Potential Incident

lY/Ieullncldllnt: • Inadequate implementation of a preventive maintenance
Property Domage (High Potentio/lncident) system at the rig for the rig equipment.
• The brake linkages were repaired or welded by the rig
IlIclIUlln: welders instead of using original equipment parts from the
Burgan Well Drilling Co Rig (Location: SR# 088) manufacturer.
The detached area of the brake linkage was partially
Oatll8 Tlmllllllncldllnt: covered and hence not accessible for visual inspection.
24th Apri12012@ 12:30 Hrs.
IncldllntOllscrfpUlln In 811111:
POOH with 0 7" magnet core assembly was in progress. The
driller was picking up the assembly by hoisting the travelling
block. As he was about to stop hoisting of travelling block,
he noticed thot the draw works drum brake was not
functioning. The driller immediately utilized the clutch to
prevent the travelling block from descending uncontrollably.
The tool pusher and mechanic were informed of the situation.
Upon examination it was found that the broke linkage
od;usfmenf bar of the carrier for the draw works main drum
was detached from the welding. The drmer utilized the draw
RllcllmmllndlldCO"IICUVII AcUllns:
works high dufch (diaphragm) for holding the trovelling
Daily/weekly / monthly visual Inspections of 011 critical
block from descending for almost 2 J.7 hours.
rig equipment including the broke linkage os per OEM
or BWD operotions procedures to be implemented.
Outcomll:
Time loss of approximately 3 hours for repairing the brake
• MPI Inspections of draw works broke components to be
complied as per controct (i.e. every six months). Broke
linkage.
linkage to be dissembled if the joints of the linkage ore
not assessable for performing NOT inspections.
PotenOalOutcllmll: Inspect the high clutch os per OEM procedures for wear
Could hove caused severe injuries/fatality and severe and tear os it was utilized for holding the travelling from
destruction to the rig if the trovelling block descended descending for approximately 2 Y.! hours.
uncontrollably.
Implement on effective inspections and preventive
maintenance system for the rig equipment os per contract
What Went Wlllng; requirement.
Initial Incident findings revealed the following: Utilize original equipment parts for the critical equipment
or follow monufacturer approved repair procedures.
MPI test records of the broke linkage as per the frequency Implement volumetric NDT methods to ensure welding
mentioned in the contract (6 months) were not done as the was effectively performed.
documents were not available at the rig for verification. Safety Alert to be discussed in the safety meetings and
Inadequate Inspections on brake components. Visual ensure the recommendation and lessons learnt ore
inspection records (daily/weekly/ monthly) inspections adequately captured.
performed on critical equipment (brake linkage) as per Develop a contingency plan or procedure regarding the
OEM or BWD operations procedures were not available / immediate actions to be token in the event of 0 brake
implemented at the rig. failure in their respective rigs.
Development Drilling Group - HSE unit (OperatiOns)
109
........,
Safef Alert #156 0310512012
Drillers Right hand wrist caught in Pipe Spinner got injured
Type oflnddent minimize the risks was not performed by
Medical Treatment Case- MTC supervisors.
• Poor communication - The crew failed to inform
Location: the driller to isolate the power source before
BWD 11 0; SA- 040 I working on the spinner.
Date & Time oUnddent: Recommended Immediate CorrectjveActioos:

nd );- All non-routine tasks to be supervised properly
02 May 20 12@ 13:30 Hrs
with adequate permit system.
InddentDescriotioo in DUet );- Power operated equipment to be isolated before
At around 13:30 Hrs. during paOH 31fl" tubing performing the task.
Floor- man reported to Drirrer that the pipe spinner die );- Malfunctioning of any equipment to be done by
was not functioning properly, immediately driller authorized personnel.
stopped the operation and checked manually the pipe );- Proper Isolation procedure to be followed.
spinner dies along with the FjM. During inspection, by );- jSA and SOP need to review the task based and to
mistake the operating lever of pipe spinner got discuss with crew for their understanding.
pressed by Floor-man. Immediately the driller removed );- Drillers to be given awareness training on
his hands but his right hand got caught in between superviSOry skill and hazard observation
the dies of the pipe spinner and sustained swelling on technique.
his wrist JP was given first aid by the Rig Medic and );- Training session for LOTO procedure, proper
sent to Jahra hospital for further examination and x- Hand placement, pinch point awareness need to
ray. As per hospital X- ray report there was no fracture conduct at rig site for all crew members and make
and IP resumed his normal dUty on next shift. sure everybody understand the procedure as all
the crew members are new for this rig.
Outcome: );- Good communication to be maintained while
Driller had swelling on his right hand wrist. performing the task.
~ STOP work authority to be implemented effectively
Potential Qutcome: for any unsafe task. Since the rig is newly
This incident could have led to amputation of IPs hand commissioned the crew members to be
parts. Similar incident occurred at BWO-35 on 29-June- familiarized with the equipment and safe
2009 and the floor man got his thumb amputed.
U?17atwent wrong:
• Poor planning of the job - Driller failed to isolate
the hydraulic pipe spinner before inspection or
any overhauling task and unable to identify the
potential hazards while working on it.
• Inadequate supervision - The safe method of
executing the task has not been ensured by the
Senior Tool Pusher and Senior Mechanic.
• Improper Hand Placement - Floor man improperly
pOSitioned his hand while driller was checking the
dies of spinner.
• Procedure not followed - No specific JSA
implemented / discussed prior to carrying out the
task on malfunction of pipe spinner. The
verification of the control measures to remove /
110
Kuwait Oil Company

Safety Alert # 157
Brake Linkage Failure

Type of Incident: What Went Wrong:
Property Damage (High Potential Incident)
 The safety pin used on one side of the yoke was
Location: not a cotter pin as per OEM recommendation.
Rig BWD 108 @ Well No. - RA 381 Welding rod was utilized as safety pins.
 The nonstandard safety pin came loose from the
Date & Time of Incident: brake linkage pin during the operation and no one
23rd May 2012, 1630 Hrs noticed the unsafe condition.
 Inadequate Inspections as per OEM / contractor
Incident Description in Brief: operations procedures on brake components.
Pulling out of the hole with 3 ½ tubing was in progress.  OEM brake linkage pins in with collar (Picture
Driller commenced picking up the 23rd stand of drill attached) were replaced with pins without collar.
pipe from the well. During this activity when the
travelling block was about 4” above from the rotary Recommendations to Prevent Reoccurrence:
table, driller suddenly noticed that the travelling block
started to descend suddenly. Driller applied the draw  Existing pins without collars on brake linkage shall
works band brakes immediately, but to his surprise he be replaced with pin with collar. (Picture attached).
found the brake lever was free. The elevators with  Brake linkage system shall have cotter pins as per
drill pipe rested on the pneumatic slip on the rotary OEM recommendation.
table with the travelling block leaning towards the mast
cross beam on the rig floor. No personnel were injured.  All the safety pins on the rig (on the brake linkage,
mast, traveling block, sub structure, elevators,
Outcome: shackles etc.) shall be inspected and all the
The guide beam of the mast scoping cylinder found nonstandard safety pins shall be replaced.
bent. Minor damages occurred on the mast scoping  Inspection of brake linkage safety pins shall be
cylinder near driller’s console and noticed dent on the conducted during each shift. A schematic of the
mast cross member. brake linkage shall be drawn as per the actual
equipment onsite and position of the pins/ safety
Potential Outcome: pins shall be identified in the schematic. Driller or
This incident has got considerable potential to cause
A/D shall verify the condition of each safety pin
severe injuries to personnel and to cause destruction to
the rig equipment if the travelling block would have and noted in the schematic.
descended uncontrollably in scenarios with factors such  Conduct daily/weekly / monthly visual inspection
as height of the traveling block from the rotary, hook of all critical rig equipment including the brake
load, type of operation etc. linkage as per OEM / Contractor operations
procedures.
 Crew (driller) shall be trained on emergency
response procedures in case of a brake failure.
111
Pin with collar and cotter pin.
Pin without collar.
112
Kuwait Oil Company
,='=
- '"'=
@
Safe Alert # 158
Derrick Man Fell From Mud Tank
Location: • IP didn't ask for assistance while handling the
Rig BWD 108 @ Well No. - RA 382 empty drum.
• Weakness in the supervision.
Employer of the IP:
Surgon Drilling Company Recommendations to Prevent Reoccurrence:
• Ensure the area is secured prior to start working
Date & Time 01 Incident: in an area. E.g. hand rail Installation, covering
2200 June 2012, 21 :00 Hrs gaps, open space, rotating parts etc.
• Implementation, Monitor and Review of BWD
Incident Description in Brief: Hazard identification process equivalent to
During pre-spud preparation IP wanted to move an DuPont STOP program or Step back 5X5 at the
empty 55 gal Chemical drum from the top of the rigs.
mud tank to the ground. He rolled the oil drum & • Contractor has to provide the refresher training
brought it dose to mud tank guardrail for dropping on JSA to 0 11 crew.
it to the ground. Whilst attempting to drop the drum • Plonning on tasks should be done by the
down from the mud tank he used the guardrail as Cl supervisor - The jobs shall be assigned by the
support; but lost balance and he fell down to the supervisor and he shall be aware of potential
ground along with the drum and the guardrail. hazards involved with the tasks.
• For new or add itional tasks the crew shall contact
IP was given first aid by the rig medic and found no
the supervisor for his agreement prior to
externa l injuries except 0 minor bruise in the left leg,
execution.
IP complained of poin in his both legs and chest. He
• Implementation of effective pre-spud inspection
was immediately token to Jahra hospital where the
investigations revealed no internal Injury and
fracture. He was discharged and was back on duty The area on top of mud tank from
for the next shift. where IP fell down to the ground
'------
Outcome:
IP (Floor Men) sustained minor bruise in the left leg.
Potential Outcome:
The potentjal for a serious in;ury was hjgh.
What Went Wrong?

• The hand rail on top of the mud tank, where IP
was holding on for support was not secured
properly.
• IP failed to identify the unsecured guard roil
while attempting to drop the empty drum.
- -
113
Iuat 11 GIll..,
Safet Alert #161
Diverter bag removal resulted in fall from height -LTI
Type of Incident; • IP failed to identify the hazard related to the job
Losl Workday Cose Incident even though he has done the job previously.
• No job planning, coordination, tool box meeting
location;
conducted prior starting the job. The personnel who
KDC-25; BG- 799
came to assist IP on the job were unaware of the
Dafe & Time of Incident: tasks that they are supposed to do.
11 th July 2012@ 10:30 pm. • No JSA available for the Diverter bag removal task.
Incident Descripfioo in Brief:

• Lack of awareness I Training of crew- The crew
members failed to identify the hazards involving
working at height and did not stop IP from working ot
At the time of incident, operation in rig was drilling 16"
height without foil protection.
hole. In the interim Motorman (IP) was doing maintenance
on 29 V, diverter (kept beside BOP control unit) by
Recommended Corrective Actions for prevention of
standing on an 'A' frame ladder and removing the
similar incidents
diverter bog for servicing. After removing the locking
};> Elevated work platform (snorkel lift) with
plates from top, the motorman applied air through inlet
adequate fall protection to be utilized by
port so os to loosen the bag for the forklift to pick up. The
personnel while removing diverter bag at height
bag did not come free and the motormon decided fa tap
work.
the some using 0 hammer. He stood on an "A" frame
};> Being a non-routine job, this activity to be
ladder with one leg on top of the diverter and other on
supervised by 0 senior supervisor (AD and above)
the ladder. While tapping using a 2 Ibs. hommer on top
};> Maintenance jobs to be carried out as per the
of the bag, motorman slipped, lost balance and feU down
OEM maintenance manual.
to the skid from a height of approximately 1.8 m height
};> Permit to Work to be prepared and Standard
with his right hip hitting the lifting eye of the diverter skid.
Operating Procedures to be made available for
IP was taken to hospital for further trea tment.
the removal of the diverter bog.
Qytcome; };> JSA to be developed based on the incident
Motorman got fracture on his right hip bone (iliac findings for the Diverter bag removal.
portion). };> Awareness training to be conducted for all crew
members regarding the working at he ight.
Potentigl Oytcome; };> Hazard Observation Program I STOP Ca rd I
This incident hod the potential to cause severe harm to the
Safety Observation & Conversations to be
IP.
implemented more effectively on the rig.
What Went Wrong: };> Implement STOP work authority at the rig site.
• Poor coordination & job planning - The IP was

standing on a ladder ond hammering which was not
secured and short of he ight for the job.
• The crew members who were standing to assist IP
neither did not hold the ladder nor stop IP from the '
unsafe act.
• Elevated work platform (Snorkel lift) was not
utilized for the job even though it was available on
the rig.
• Lack of supervision for the job.
114
Safet Alert # 162 06/0812012
High Potential Near Miss- Allenvator (Man Riderlfall due to wire rope shear
Type of Incident: Recommended Corrective Actions:
High potential Near Miss • The allenvator with all components shall be
inspected, maintained & tested as per OEM
location: requirements with valid certifications.
KDC Rig at well # BG 805 • Contractor to implement periodic Inspection &
Preventive Maintenance for allenvator as per
Date & Time of Incic/ent: the OEM requirements.
02 nd Aug 2012; 12:00Hrs. • Inspection criteria and frequency of periodic
inspection & maintenance as per OEM to be
Incident Description in Brief: identified and schedule to be prepared.
The Company man was descending from rig floor to • Safety inspection of the allenvator including the
ground using the allenvotor. The ollenvotor suddenly lifting tackles to be included in the schedule of
had short drop with jerk and stopped. It was found safety inspection of contractor & implemented.
thot the wire rope connected to travel sleeve had
• Crew responsible for inspection & maintenance
snapped. The power was also cut off & found the
of personnel elevator to be trained on
electric cable from control panel snapped from top installation, maintenance and inspection.
due to entangling with allenvator.
There was no injury to Company man and no major

equipment damage.
Potential Outcome:
Could hove resulted in to serious injury and property
damage, if emergency broke had failed.
What Went Wrong?

• The wire rope connected to travel sleeve pulley
(left side bottom) got sheared.
• The wire rope which was in loose condition at
the time of operation, displaced from sleeve
and abraded with sleeve bracket which led to
shearing of the rope.
• Electrical cable from control panel was loose.
Due to the sudden fall of allenvator it got
entangled with the allenvator lift and snapped
from top. Thus power was cut off automatically.
• Equipment Inspection and maintenance was not
carried out as per the OEM requirement.
• The inspection criteria and frequency as per the
OEM was not followed and no planned
inspections carried out for personnel elevator.
Development Drilling Group - HSE unit (Operations)
115
Alert #163
l'YPlllllfncldllnt
Minor Property Damage
Rlglllcalllln:
SA-363
8alll & Timlllllfncidllnt

26'h September 2012; 02:00 Hrs.
Incldllnl811scrlpUlln In Brilll:
The operation was RIIH with reaming assembly.
Washed & reamed 6 1/8" horizontal hole to 11930'.
The driller engaged drawworks for RlJ the next RllcDmmllndlld CII"IICUVe / 'f8VllnUVII AcUllns:
stand from the derrick. As the TDS & travelling }> Inspection of the dead end clamp to be included in
block assembly was about 30 feet height from the the PM schedule for drawworks and to be carried
rig floor, suddenly a heavy sound was heard. out as per the OEM manual.
Observed the drill line in drawworks got sheared & }> Visible marking to be made on the drill fine dead
the parted drill line self~wrapped around the draw end to monitor any change in position of the line
works drum. The drawworks was stopped from clamp, on the dead end side after clamp (as
immediately furth er preventing the TDS assembly shown in picture below) and on the end portion
from free fall to rig floor preventing a potential the drill line that enter the drum as per applicability
serious or major incident. to the type of draw works.
}> Visual inspection of the draw works dead end &
Whal Wllnl Wfllnfl; fast end to be included in the daily Driller
,.. The driflline (1- 3/8" dia) came out from the dog checklist.
clamp on the drawworks dead end & got wrapped }> The dead end bolts to be torqued as per the OEM
on the drawworks drum. instructions.
}> Slip and cut was done for the drift line 2 weeks }> A visible marking to be ensured at the fast end
back. The bolts on the dog clamp were not side also.
torqued as per the OEM manual. }> To incorporate self-locking type nuts or additional
}> Inspection or PM schedule for checking the dead check nuts in clamp as per OEM advice.
end bolts! clamps of the draw works not carried
out as per OEM.
'1III1nU81Iolcllmll:
Could have caused severe property damage and
fatal injury to crew due to free fall of TDS assembly.
Bnlcllme:
120 feet of drill line was slip and cut. Rig was on
down time for 7 hours
116
Kuwait Oil Company
@
,=--= =
Alert# 164
Restricted Work Case - Middle & Index Finger iniury
Location: Recommenclations to Prevent Reoccurrence:
SA-513 • Adopt practice of securing manual tongs after use in
Employer of the IP: order to mitigate the risks involved with the swinging
Surgan Drilling Company of tongs.
• Implementation, monitor and review of contractor's
Date & Time of Incident: hazard identification process.
20'" Sep 2012, 07:30 Hrs. • Contractor has to provide the refresher training on
JSA to a [[ new crew. Ensure a ll the potential hazards
Incident Description ;n Brief. are captured in the respective JSA's.
The rig crew was in the process of pulling out of the hole
• Focus sha[[ be given on job planning. Prior performing
with 6 5/8" heavy weight drill pipe. The two floor men o n
an activity at the rig floor, tools/equipment that is not
the rig f loor assisted the dr iller to break the connection required shaH be removed from the rig floor in order
and then to spin out the joint completely. The third floor
to provide more working space.
man was positioned at the winch controls. The driller
• The supervisors sha[[ foresee & observe the potential
picked the top stand out of the stump, while one of the
hazards at their work area and ensure necessary
floor men pushed the pin end of the drill pipe stand away
control measures are implemented.
from the stump. The second floor man pushed a manual
tong out of the way of the drill pipe. He then went to • Frequent shifting of crew from a rig shall be
grab the hydraulic winch line for pu[[ing back the dri[[ discouraged. Ensure rig specific orientation training
pipe stand to the dri[[ p ipe rocking area. At this moment has been given to the new crew.
the manual tong swung back towards the suspended 6 • Discuss the incident and lessons learnt with 0[[ rig
5/8" heavy weight drill pipe ond struck on it, crushing the crew.
left middle and index fingers of the floor man (JP) who
was holding the drill pipe stand.
Outcome:
IP (Floor Men) sustained crush injury on middle & index
figure.
Potential Outcome:
The potential for a serious injury was high.
.., c u .. ... 1: " """"'"',, a ... ~c: ... atlo., 0 ' "" h .;,.· .. ~h ..
wo .I<; • • ,. InJ ... .... d I. n h . n a ""as pl.,c. a 0 ., u.,,,, ..
What Went Wrong? 5/8"' h eavy "".i. "t ( p ull bac:k r op . " ' ...... dd . d
to p .. .. f o .. ......... _c: .. . .. ~ io n sa f . lv ) .
• failure fa secure manual tongs after use, nol
practiced
• Failure to foresee the hazard related 10 swinging of
manual tong.
• Congested and restricted rig floor area at the time of
incident.
• Poor Teom work.
• Weakness in the Job planning and supervision.
• Frequent shifting of personnel from the rig. JP and
second floor man was recently shifted from other rig.
P ,c. ...... ~: t he F lOo r ..... " CO .Hr O ll i " . ~h .
m a n ..... ' t o n .", p .. .. h ... cI th . f .. o ." . n d o u t of t h e

",",ork . ...... a n d th .... r . I . . . . .. d, o n c:. h •
.. . I • • s . d Br.",i t v "' . ... ,.. d th . n, 1 0 ,."" in . b ac k
117
lBw• • . . ,
Safef Alert # 167
Crude oil leakage though lubricator seal during BPV retrieval
Type a/Incident: Oil Spill (Environmental Incident) starting each SPY retrieval/installation job, as per
Location: MN#084 OEM manual.
)- Regular inspection & maintenance to be carried out
Date & Time of Incident:
as per OEM manual, including disassembled NDT
2S 'h Nov' 2012@ 12.45 am
inspection of once in 6 months or yearly to check
Incident Description in Brier. for cracks.
The one way BPY (Back Pressure Valve) was being )-
All contractor personnel involving SPY installation
retrieved from tubing hanger using lubricator and the
and retrieval operations shall be knowledgeable,
shut in tubing pressure was observed as 350 psi.
experienced & trained in operation.
Observed the BPV stuck & tried several attempts to }>
Contractor to review, the rig specific risk register
retrieve the BPY but did not succeed as it was fell stuck
based on this incident & JSA, by incorporating the
above the tubing hanger. While continuing with the
investigation recommendations and preventive
attempt observed leakage of oil and gas through the
actions.
polish rod bottom seol on lubricator. Immediately
diverted the well flow to burn pit to release the
pressure at lubricator & prevent further leakage
through lubricator. Changed the bottom seal & found
seal not holding pressure. While working on SPY
retrieval, the top section of polish bar got released
w ith bottom part inside the Christmas tree.
Disconnected lubricator from the X-mas tree, connected
low torque valve on top of the X-mas tree & shut in the
we ll.
Outcome:
Approximately one borrel of crude oil spilled over the
ground. No harm to person. Minor impact on
environment.
Potential Outcome:
Incident had potential to cause fire and moderate spill
of crude oil which may cause, harm to personnel and
severe damage to environment.
What Went Wrong?
Oil & gas started leaking through the bottom seal. Top
section of polish rod of the lubricator released from
bottom section.
Recommended Corrective Actions lor prevention
01 similar incidents
> lubricator and SPY shall be visually inspected prior
to usage. Any port if found defective to be
repaired / replaced as per OEM specifications.
);. lubricator shall be positively function tested &
pressure tested to rated working pressure prior
118
,--------- ---------
. ,~
' .-,
..... c.-y ,"",p
:=:"-.
--

Safet Alert # 168
Rou,tabout Left Shoulder Injury - LTI
Type o/Incident: Lost Workday Cose Incident Recommended Corrective Adjons fo, prevention of
Well Location: 8G-0315 similar incidents
Dafe & Time of Incielent; 14th Dec. 201 2@ 19:40 Hrs. );> Alwoys removal of lifting sub, protectors etc.
Incident DescripfiOll in Brief: should be done on racks & not on catwa lk. Pre
Pulling out & laying down of 2 3/ 8" tubing singles of the job safety meeting to be conducted with the
2 nd dual string was in progress at 0 work over rig. While review of JSA ond the discussion of hazards, risks
the 11 rh joint of tubing was being laid down from rig & control measures.
floor to cot wa lk, the tubing hit the Roustobout who was );> When Driller is at brake controls, AD to supervise
removing lifting sub from the previous tubing joint lying on the activity at catwolk & vice versa during pipe
the catwalk. IP was immediately administered First Aid la ying down, casing jobs, other material transfers
by Rig Medic ond then transferred to hospital for further between catwalk & rig floor. No personnel should
treatment in the Ambulance. X ray report diagnosed be allowed to work on catwa lk while laying down
fracture on the left scapula. The tubing sliding through the or picking up the tubing / pipes.
inclined Pipe Ramp sprang from the groove portion of cat );> Hazard Observ ation Program / STOP Card /
walk and hit IP at his scopula (posterior located part of KOC Safety Observation & Conversations fa be
the should er). enhanced & implemented more effectively on the
Outcome; rig.
Roustabout got fracture on his left scapula. );> Assignments of task activity to crew to be
Potential Outcome; prioritized depending on the nature of operations
This incident had the potential for more serious injury. carried out (Le when continuous activities like
Wha' Wen' Wrong: tubular laying down, casing running ete ore in
• IP was working in the danger zone of the activity & progress, the required crew to be made
could not identify the hazord & risk. available)
• The person who pushed the tubing joint could not );> The catwalk should have the stoppers on opposite
identify the hazard & risk. side of racks from where pipes are picked up.
• Pre job safety meeting was not conducted prior the );> Tubing laying down procedures specific to rig to
job to discuss the hazards & risks involved in the be documented & JSA to be completed with
activity. reference to the activities mentioned in the
• The 2nd roustabout of shift was assigned another procedure.
activity at the catwalk (removing the lifting sub from );> All incidents to be immediately reported to
the tubing hanger) & was not focusing on the tubing Company Man & IP to be taken to nearest
laying down activity. medical facility for treatment / advice.
• The 3,d roustabout of shift was assigned another task
at the rig camp when continuous tubing la ying down
activity w as in progress at rig.
• Inadequate Management of change & control
measures on the reduction in crew members at
catwalk while carrying out continuous tubing laying
down jobs.
• It is fe lt that a dent in the cat walk has prevented the
tubing to slide forw ard easily. The tubing got held
up at the dent & suddenly got released hitting the IP
(detailed investigation in progress).
• Delaye d incident reporting by Contractor.
• IP was taken to a hospital which w as far from rig,
even though hospital w as available nearby.
Damaged groove portion of Catwalk
119
1- -- ----
Kuwait Oil Company

@
=.==
Safetv Alert # 169
Drill Pipe Drift Dropped from Rig Floor High Potential Incident
Type of Incident: • The JSA available for pick up drill up doesn't
RWC (High Potential Incident) include the hazards/controls related to the job
Location: steps for drifting and responsibilities not
RA-170 identified.
Date & Time of Incident: • Stop work authority not utilized by rig crew to
21 st Dec 2012, 03:30 Hrs alert the floor man from dropping the drill pipe
rabbit.
Incident Description in Brief: • Lack of safety awareness among crew, crew
Incident occurred during wee hours on 21st Dec failed to follow the basic safety guide line on
2012. Rig crew was carrying out RIH 5" drill pipe for dropping an object from the height.
cement plug operations. Drill pipe drift (Rabbit) was • Inadequate supervision during the operations.
used to drift all drill pipes when picked up to rig • Noncompliance on BWD / KOC incident reporting
floor from cat walk through V·door. Drill pipe drift system. Incident reported after five days to KOC.
(Rabbit) was send back to catwalk using air winch by
attaching to the lifting cap. During the operation, at Recommendations to Prevent Reoccurrence:
one instance the floor men send the lifting cap to cat
walk using air winch without attaching rabbit. • Conduct PJSM and discuss the JSA where
Noticing this, instead of using the air winch, the floor potential of dropped object and human error
men dropped the drift rabbit (weighing approx. 3 Kg) poses threat to personnel life.
over the hand rail to the ground. • Clear instruction to all non -essential
Outcome: personnel to stay clear from cat walk and
The dropped rabbit from drill floor fell over substructure area during picking up drill pipe
roustabout(IP) helmet resulting in wound above
through V-door.
nose and forehead. IP was standing underneath
• Supervisors are to correct unsafe acts and
the substructure, adjacent to stairways.
stop the job when they are deemed unsafe.
Potential Outcome:
• Develop JSA considering all hazards related to
The incident could have led to severe head/neck
each job steps involved in drill pipe drift
injuries/ permanent! partial disability. operations. It should include all hazards,
What Went Wrong: controls and responsibilities.
• Nylon ropes currently used at site to secure
• The rabbit was dropped at a from drill floor the rabbit to be replaced with appropriate
which is about 30 feet height from ground. The certified sling.
kinetic energy from the dropped object was • Impart refresher training and awareness
absorbed by the PPE & liP. session on hazard identification and
• The floor men followed the short cut method to empowerment to stop unsafe acts to rig crew.
drop the rabbit to ground instead of using the air • Adequate supervision during operations shall
winch. be ensured, supervisor shall foresee the
• PJSM didn't address the Job steps and hazard hazards and make sure to mitigate the risk by
identification of the task. providing adequate engineering control during
• Risk involved in dropping an object from ri g floor lifting operations.
not effectively communicated to the crew.
120
• Establish clear HSE responsibilities for all
activities at site.
• Discuss the incident alert and lateral learning
with all rig crew.
• Contractor to ensure timely reporting of
incident to KOC.
Drill Pipe driM dropped

from rig floor
121
12. DDR & DWR
122
KOC DAILY DRILLING REPORT
AREA: SOUTH KUWAIT GC: 02 Alt. Name: 24 HOURS ENDING: 6:00:00AM TEAM: D&WO Team III
WELL NO. TD/TARGET RIG EST DAYS DD MO YR DAY # 0600 DEPTH PRESENT ACTIVITY
BG-0854 5,150.0 ft/BURGAN SP-137 25 17 4 2013 RIG DOWN
BIT HYDRAULICS
BIT # SIZE MODEL JET SIZE DEPTH IN DEPTH OUT FTG HOURS FPH SER NO. MANUFACTURER
RPM WOB I O D L B G O R PSI LINER SPM GPM P.HHP B.HHP TORQ N. VEL A. VEL (DC/HW/DP)
DRILL STRING DATA

CUM ROTATING HRS 0.00 BHA LENGTH BHA HRS SS JAR
DRILLING BHA
PROFILE STRING WT UP STRING WT DN STAB POS
DRILLING FLUID DATA

MUD WT. VIS WL CAKE SD OIL PH PV YP GEL PF SOLID CA CHLOR ECD
//
TOTAL VOLUME 0.0 bbl HOLE 0.00 bbl PITS 0.0 bbl RESERVE 0.00 bbl
24 HR. LOSSES 0.00 bbl HOLE SURFACE DUMP
WELL DATA
0.00 HRS DRILL LAST CSG @ D @ TD TODAY
0.00 HRS TRIPS LAST CSG @ E @ TD YEST

9.00 HRS OTHER NEXT CSG @ V @ FT 24 HRS
F.I.T. EQUIVALENT TO @ PRESSURE WITH
HRS P/NP OPERATIONAL DISTRIBUTION HRS P/NP OPERATIONAL DISTRIBUTION

9.00 P GENERAL RIGMOVE.
RIGDOWN- 40%, RIGMOVE -25%, RIG UP -10%.
MOVED ALL TOOL BINS ,MUD CHEMICALS TO NEW LOCATION.
PREPARING TO MOVE THE MUD TANKS AND LOWER THE MAST IN
PROGRESS.
REMARKS:
NEXT LOCATION % READY TELEPHONE 99797853 RIG CREW 0

FORMATION AHMADI TOP AVG ROP RIG SUPERVISOR JOTHI KUMAR
BOP TESTED TO ON RETURNS KOC TEAM LEADER KHALED SALEH
DAILY BOP DRL CREWS SINCE LTA REPORTED ACCIDENT
DAILY MUD USAGE
CUM. COST 0
04/19/2013 7:01:05AM 1
123
BG-0854 5,150.0 ft/BURGAN SP-137 25 18 4 2013 GENERAL RIG MOVE.
BIT HYDRAULICS
DRILL STRING DATA

DRILLING BHA
DRILLING FLUID DATA

//
WELL DATA


24.00 P RIG DOWN -90%.
RIG MOVE - 70%.
RIG UP - 40%.
LOWERED MAST AND DRAW-WORKS SECTION. SPOT MUD TANK ,
WATER TANK IB NEW LOCATION. PREPARING TO MOVE THE MAST
AND DRAW WORK SECTION , RIGSITE CAMP TO NEW LOCATION
IN PROGRESS.
REMARKS:
TWO WATERWELL RUNNING.
FLOW RATE - 400 BBLS/HR.
SALANITY CHLORIDE -2600 mg/lt.
HARDNESS CALICUM - 800 mg/lt

FORMATION AHMADI TOP AVG ROP 0.0 ft/hr RIG SUPERVISOR JOTHI KUMAR
DAILY BOP DRL CREWS SINCE LTA 1.00 REPORTED ACCIDENT
DAILY MUD USAGE
CUM. COST 0
04/19/2013 7:01:36AM 1
124
BG-0854 5,150.0 ft/BURGAN SP-137 25 19 4 2013 R/UP
BIT HYDRAULICS
DRILL STRING DATA

DRILLING BHA
DRILLING FLUID DATA

//
WELL DATA


24.00 P RIG DOWN -100%.
RIG MOVE - 100%.
RIG UP - 50%.
MOVED MAST AND DRAW-WORKS SECTION TO NEW
LOCATION,SPOTTED IT PREPARING TO RAISE MAST AND
SUBSTRUCTURE.
MOVED THE RIGSITE CAMP.
REMARKS:

FORMATION DAMMAM TOP AVG ROP 0.0 ft/hr RIG SUPERVISOR JOTHI KUMAR
DAILY BOP DRL CREWS SINCE LTA 2.00 REPORTED ACCIDENT
DAILY MUD USAGE
CUM. COST 0
04/19/2013 7:01:50AM 1
125
BG-0854 5,150.0 ft/BURGAN SP-137 25 20 4 2013 R/UP
BIT HYDRAULICS
DRILL STRING DATA

DRILLING BHA
DRILLING FLUID DATA

//
WELL DATA


24.00 P R/UP 90%.
RAISED MAST NAD DRAW WORK SECTION , INSTALLTED TDS ,
CONNECTED STANDPIPE HOSE AND LINES. M/UP THE DIVERTOR
BOP, DIVERTOR LINES , MUD TANKS DUMP LINES , FLOW
LINE.
PREPARING TO SPUD WELL.
PREPARED 1000 BBLS SPUD MUD.
REMARKS:
CAMP INSPECTION DONE ON 18/04/2013.

FORMATION DAMMAM TOP AVG ROP 0.0 ft/hr RIG SUPERVISOR JOTHI KUMAR
DAILY BOP DRL CREWS SINCE LTA 1,263.00 REPORTED ACCIDENT
DAILY MUD USAGE
CUM. COST 0
04/20/2013 6:46:34AM 1
126
BG-0854 5,150.0 ft/BURGAN SP-137 25 21 4 2013 4/1 400.0 ft FINAL CUT CONDUCTOR PIPE IN PROGRESS.
BIT HYDRAULICS
1 22.00 in L111CJ 18/18/18/18 52.0 ft 400.0 ft 348.0 ft 5.5 63.3 1328560 VAREL
70 -90 20 - 40 kip 1 1 NO A 1 I WT TD 775 6.5 in 280 1,404.5 316.5 177.2 7,000/1,000 225.9 ft/s // ft/min
DRILL STRING DATA

CUM ROTATING HRS 5.50 BHA LENGTH 430.03 (ft) BHA HRS 5.50 SS 5.50 JAR
DRILLING BHA 9 x 5.00 HW + 6x8.00 XO + 2x8.00 SDC + 9.97 XO + NIB + 10.00 SDC + NIB + 12.00 SS + NBS + 22.00 BIT
PROFILE VERTICAL STRING WT UP STRING WT DN STAB POS -57.35 , -21.80 , -1.80
DRILLING FLUID DATA

9.50 40.00 5.0 1.0 0.50 0.00 9.00 16 14 8/12/ 0.20 6.00 200 2600
24 HR. LOSSES 18.00 bbl HOLE SURFACE 18.0 bbl DUMP
WELL DATA
5.50 HRS DRILL LAST CSG @ D 0.50 / ° @ 50 ft TD TODAY 400.0 ft
6.50 HRS TRIPS LAST CSG @ E @ TD YEST 52.0 ft
12.00 HRS OTHER NEXT CSG @ V @ FT 24 HRS 348.0 ft

4.00 P RIG UP 100% AS PER KOC CHECK LIST. PPG CEMENT IN SURFACE. DISPLACE CEMENT WITH 4 BBLS MUD
CENTRED MAST FUNCTION TEST DIVERTOR , TESTED MUD PUMP BACK PRESSURE VALVE HOLDING.
LINES, STAND PIPE LINE TO TDS IBOP TO 3000 PSI OK. ( DURING CEMENT JOB,CHEMICALS NOT MIXED PROPERY PLUGED
1.50 P M/UP 3 STANDS OF 8'' D/C AND 4 STANDS OF HWDP. THE SCREEN IN THE CHEMICALMIX WATER SUCTION LINE TO
5.50 P HELD PRE-SPUD SAFETY MEETING. CEMENT SLURRY MIXER AFTER PUMPING 23 BBLS
TAG BOTTOM @ 52'.SPUD WELL 11.30 HRS ON 20/04/2013. CEMENT,CLEANED THE FILTER PUT BACK CONTINUED PUMP 43
DRILLLED 22' HOLE FROM 52 ' TO 400'. TOP OF DAMMAN- BBLS AGAIN SCREEN PLUGED, BJ REMOVED THE SCREEN ,TOOK
365' THE CHEMICAL MIX WATER IN THE SECOND COMPARTMENT AND
1.00 P PUMP 50 BBLS CIRCULATED CLEAN HOLE. PUMPED THE REMAING CEMENT,FIRST COMPARTMENT BOTTOM
1.50 P DROPPED TOTCO POOH BIT TO SURFACE NO TIGHT HOLE , NO TOTALLY PLUGGED BY CHEMICALS..)
BIT AND STABLISERS BALLED UP. 1.50 P FLUSHED BOP, L/DN THE CEMENT LINES POOH CEMENT STINGER
RETRIEVED TOTCO DEPTH - 385' INC - 0.5 DEG. TO SURFACE.
1.00 P PJSM, R/UP THE CASING HANDLING EQUIPMENT. 1.00 P CHECK ANNULUS LEVEL STATIC, HANG UP DIVERTOR BOP ROUGH
1.00 P P/UP M/UP THE SHOE TRACK TESTED IT OK. CUT CONDUCTOR CASING L/DN THE SAME, ROUGH CUT CASING
1.50 P CONT RIH 18-5/8"CASING AS PER TALLY TO 398' L/DN THE SAME., FINAL CUT CONDUCTOR PIPE IN PROGRESS.
TOTAL 10 JOINTS SHOE @ 398' FLOAT COLLAR -355'.
0.50 P M/UP CIRCULATING HEAD AND CEMENT LINES. REMARKS:
0.50 P ESTABLISED CIRCULATION , CIRCULATED @ 8 BBL/MIN TWO WATERWELL RUNNING.
PRESSURE- 200 PSI FLOW RATE - 400 BBLS/HR.
1.00 P RIH CEMENT STINGER , STING INN . SALANITY CHLORIDE -2600 mg/lt.
0.50 P TIE UP CEMENT STINGER STRING TO RIG FLOOR WITH CHAIN, HARDNESS CALICUM - 800 mg/lt
ESTABLISED CIRCULATION. FLOW RATE - 8 BBLS/MIN held pre-spud meeting and weekly safety meeting with
PRESSSURE- 200 PSI. crew on 20/04/2013
2.00 P PJSM BJ TESTED LINE TO 3000 PSI, PUMPED 30 BBLS WATER
, PUMP 95 BBLS 15.8 GB TAIL SLURRY CEMENT OBSERVED 15

FORMATION DAMMAM TOP 365.0 AVG ROP 63.3 ft/hr RIG SUPERVISOR JOTHI KUMAR
BOP TESTED TO ON RETURNS 100 KOC TEAM LEADER KHALED SALEH
DAILY MUD USAGE

BENTONITE. 7.00 x 1TON MIL-BAR 12.00 x 1,500KG
BENTONITE 1.00 x 1,000KG CAUSTIC SODA 10.00 x 25KG
NEW THIN 4.00 x 5GAL SODA ASH 16.00 x 25KG CUM. COST 1,402
04/21/2013 7:00:25AM 1
127
BG-0854 5,150.0 ft/BURGAN SP-137 25 22 4 2013 4/2 400.0 ft M/UP 5" DRILL PIPE STANDS IN PROGRESS.
BIT HYDRAULICS
2 16.00 in GSI12BVECPS 400.0 ft INC PZ008 SMITH
0 6.5 in 0 0.0 0.0 // ft/min
DRILL STRING DATA

DRILLING BHA 15 x 5.00 HW + 8.00 XO + 2x8.00 SDC + 9.50 JAR + 9x8.00 SDC + 9.97 XO + 3x10.00 SDC + NIB + 10.00 SDC + NIB + 12.00 SS + NBS + 16.00 BIT
DRILLING FLUID DATA

9.50 39.00 5.0 1.0 0.50 0.00 9.00 16 14 8/12/ 0.20 6.00 200 2600
WELL DATA
0.00 HRS DRILL LAST CSG @ D 0.50 / ° @ 50 ft TD TODAY 400.0 ft
9.00 HRS TRIPS LAST CSG 18.625 in @ 398.0 ft E @ TD YEST 400.0 ft
15.00 HRS OTHER NEXT CSG 13.375 in @ 4,467.0 ft V @ FT 24 HRS

1.50 P FINAL CUT CONDUCTOR PIPE. FLOW RATE - 400 BBLS/HR.
FINAL CUT 18-5/8" CASING DRESSED THE SAME. SALANITY CHLORIDE -2600 mg/lt.
0.50 P INSTALLED SECTION A ORIENTED IT. PRE-HEATED. HARDNESS CALICUM - 800 mg/lt
3.00 P WELDED SECTION A ( 20-3/4"X3M TO 18.625"SOW). OBJECTIVE OFBG- 854 WATER SOURCE FOR WARA.
2.00 P ALLOW WELLHEAD TO COOL.
0.50 P TEST WELLHEAD TO 500 PSI OK.
1.00 P WELDED BASE PLATE., WELDED THE 2" GATE VALVE ON
CONDUCTOR CASING. INSTALLED LOW TORQUE VALVE ON
WELLHEAD.
3.50 P N/UP 21-1/4" BOP AND RELATED EQUIPMENT.
2.00 P FUNCTION TEST BOP , TESTED PIPE RAM, BLIND RAM, KILL
LINE CHOKE LINE VALVES ,CHOKEMANIFOLD VALVES TO LOW
300 PSI / HIGH -2000 PSI.
0.50 P INSTALL WEAR BUSHING.
3.00 P L/DN 22" NBS, S/STBS X2 NOS , M/UP THE 16" STIFF BHA (
BIT , NBS, S/SUB, S/STB, 1X10"DC X S/STB, 3X10" D/C,
X-OVER,3X8"DC) TO 240 '.
P/UP FROM RACK 16"NBS, 2X16"S/STB, 3X10" D/C, 3X8"D/C
TO M/UP BHA .
0.50 P SERVICE TDS CHANGED SAVER SUB
6.00 P M/UP THE 5" DRILL PIPE STANDS RACK BACK IN DERRICK FOR
DRILLING 16" HOLE. TOTAL 111 JOINTS .
REMARKS:
NEXT LOCATION BG-855 % READY 70 TELEPHONE 99797853 RIG CREW 53

FORMATION DAMMAM TOP 365.0 AVG ROP 0.0 ft/hr RIG SUPERVISOR JOTHI KUMAR
BOP TESTED TO 2,000.00 psi ON 04/21/2013 RETURNS 100 KOC TEAM LEADER KHALED SALEH
DAILY MUD USAGE
CUM. COST 1,402
04/22/2013 6:34:59AM 1
128
BG-0854 5,690.0 ft/BURGAN SP-137 25 23 4 2013 4/3 1,380.0 ft DRILLING 16" HOLE
BIT HYDRAULICS
2 16.00 in GSI12BVECPS 400.0 ft INC 980.0 ft 21.0 46.7 PZ008 SMITH
80 -100 40 - 60 kip 925 6.5 in 140 702.3 377.8 0.0 8,000/1,000 0.0 ft/s // ft/min
DRILL STRING DATA

DRILLING FLUID DATA

8.70 26.00 10.00 // 800 2600
TOTAL VOLUME 675.0 bbl HOLE 265.00 bbl PITS 410.0 bbl RESERVE 1,480.00 bbl
24 HR. LOSSES 762.00 bbl HOLE 720.0 bbl SURFACE 42.0 bbl DUMP
WELL DATA
22.00 HRS DRILL LAST CSG @ D 0.50 / ° @ 50 ft TD TODAY 1,380.0 ft
1.00 HRS TRIPS LAST CSG 18.625 in @ 398.0 ft E @ TD YEST 400.0 ft
1.00 HRS OTHER NEXT CSG 13.375 in @ 4,467.0 ft V @ FT 24 HRS 980.0 ft

0.50 P CONT M/UP THE 5" D/P STANDS 12 JOINTS , 1STANDS 5" LOSS OCCURED FROM 950'.IN DAMMAM.
HWDP RACK BACK IN DERRICK. SECTION A TOP - 37.1'.
0.50 P CONT RIH 16" STIFF BHA TAG FLOAT COLLAR TOP @ 354'.
0.50 P CIRCULATE AND TEST CASING TO 500 PSI OK.
0.50 P DRILLED FLOAT COLLAR CEMENT TO 378'.
0.50 P CONT DRILLED CEMENT, CASING SHOE RAT HOLE TO 400'.
10.00 P DRILLED 16" HOLE FROM 400' TO 979' TOP OF RUS.
AVERAGE ROP IN DAMMAM - 60 FEET/HR.OBSERVED BIT
BOUNCING IN MANY PLACES IN DAMMAM.
LOSS OCCURED FROM 950'.
DYNAMIC LOSS -90 BBLS/HR, STATIC LOSS - 40 BBLS/HR.
9.00 P DRILLED 16" HOLE FROM 979' TO 1296' TOP OF RADHUMA..
AVERAGE ROP IN RUS -35 FEET/HR.
2.00 P CONT DRILLED 16" HOLE FROM 1296' TO 1380' WITH 91%
RETURN.
STATIC LOSS - 40 BBLS/HR.
DYNAMIC LOSS- 90 BBLS/HR.
REMARKS:
OBJECTIVE OFBG- 854 WATER SOURCE FOR WARA.

FORMATION RHADUMA TOP 1,296.0 AVG ROP 46.7 ft/hr RIG SUPERVISOR JOTHI KUMAR
DAILY MUD USAGE

LIME 4.00 x 30kg XANTHAN GUM D 1.00 x 25KG
BENTONITE. 16.00 x 1TON CAUSTIC SODA 18.00 x 25KG
SUPERSWEEP 1.00 x 15LB SODA ASH 27.00 x 25KG CUM. COST 2,582
04/23/2013 6:46:33AM 1
129
BIT HYDRAULICS
2 16.00 in GSI12BVECPS 20/20/20/16 400.0 ft INC 2,170.0 ft 43.0 50.5 PZ0008 SMITH
80 -100 40 - 60 kip 1,000 6.5 in 140 702.3 408.4 128.6 8,000/1,000 201.1 ft/s // ft/min
DRILL STRING DATA

CUM ROTATING HRS 48.50 BHA LENGTH 952.95 (ft) BHA HRS 48.50 SS 43.00 JAR 43.00
PROFILE VERTICAL STRING WT UP 218 kip STRING WT DN 213 kip STAB POS -56.82 , -21.22 , -1.35
DRILLING FLUID DATA

8.70 26.00 10.00 // 800 2600
24 HR. LOSSES 2,472.00 bbl HOLE 2,400.0 bbl SURFACE 72.0 bbl DUMP
WELL DATA
22.00 HRS DRILL LAST CSG @ D 1.00 / ° @ 2,340 ft TD TODAY 2,570.0 ft
0.00 HRS TRIPS LAST CSG 18.625 in @ 398.0 ft E 0.75 / ° @ 1,385 ft TD YEST 1,380.0 ft
2.00 HRS OTHER NEXT CSG 13.375 in @ 4,467.0 ft V 0.50 / ° @ 50 ft FT 24 HRS 1,190.0 ft

1.00 P CONT DRILLED 16' HOLE TO 1430' .
0.50 P CIRCULATED PRIOR TO RUN WIRE LINE SURVEY.
0.50 P RUN WIRELINE SURVEY DEPTH 1385' INCLINATION - 0.75 DEG.
17.00 P CONT DRILLED 16' HOLE TO 1430' TO 2385'.
OBSERVED STATIC LOSS- 100 BBLS/HR DYNAMIC LOSS- 200
BBLS/HRS FROM 1430'.
0.50 P CIRCULATED PRIOR TO RUN WIRE LINE SURVEY.
0.50 P RUN WIRELINE SURVEY DEPTH 2340' INCLINATION - 1 DEG.
4.00 P CONT DRILLED 16'' HOLE TO 2385' TO 2570' WITH 80%
RETURN.
STATIC LOSS- 100 BBLS/HR, DYNAMIC LOSS- 200 BBLS/HRS.
REMARKS:
OBJECTIVE OF BG- 854 WATER SOURCE FOR WARA PMP.
LOSS OCCURED FROM 950'.IN DAMMAM.
SECTION A TOP - 37.1'.
CONDUCTED H2S DRILL ON 23/04/2013

FORMATION RHADUMA TOP 1,296.0 AVG ROP 54.1 ft/hr RIG SUPERVISOR JOTHI KUMAR
DAILY MUD USAGE

LIME 16.00 x 30kg XANTHAN GUM D 4.00 x 25KG
BENTONITE. 3.00 x 1TON CAUSTIC SODA 2.00 x 25KG
SUPERSWEEP 6.00 x 15LB SODA ASH 3.00 x 25KG CUM. COST 3,351
04/24/2013 6:23:06AM 1
130
BIT HYDRAULICS
80 -100 40 - 60 kip 1,075 6.5 in 140 702.3 440.5 131.3 8,000/1,000 201.8 ft/s // ft/min
DRILL STRING DATA

DRILLING FLUID DATA

8.80 26.00 10.00 // 800 2600
WELL DATA
2.00 HRS OTHER NEXT CSG 13.375 in @ 4,467.0 ft V 0.75 / ° @ 1,385 ft FT 24 HRS 1,060.0 ft

7.00 P CONT DRILLED 16" HOLE FROM 2570' TO 2973'. TOP OF
TAYARTA.
AVERAGE ROP IN RAHUMA - 51 FEET/HR.
13.00 P CONT DRILLED 16' HOLE FROM 2973' TO 3517'.WITH 80%
RETURN.
1.00 P PUMP HI-VIS 30 BBLS CIRCULATED CLEAN HOLE PRIOR TO RUN
WIRELINE SURVEY.
1.00 P RUN WIRELINE SURVEY DEPTH - 3475' , INCH- 1.25 deg.
2.00 P CONT DRILLED 16' HOLE FROM 3517' TO 3630''.WITH 80%
RETURN.
PUMP HI-VIS 30 BBLS EVERY 45' OF DRILLING.,REAM ONCE
BEFORE EVERY CONNECTION.
DYNAMIC LOSS - 200 BBLS/HR , STATIC LOSS - 100 BBLS/HR.
REMARKS:
CONDUCTED FIRE DRILL ON 24/04/2013

FORMATION TAYARAT TOP 2,973.0 AVG ROP 48.2 ft/hr RIG SUPERVISOR JOTHI KUMAR
DAILY MUD USAGE

SUPERSWEEP 6.00 x 15LB
XANTHAN GUM D 3.00 x 25KG
CUM. COST 3,862
04/25/2013 6:35:42AM 1
131
BG-0854 5,690.0 ft/BURGAN SP-137 25 26 4 2013 4/6 4,208.0 ft DRILING 16" HOLE.
BIT HYDRAULICS
80 -100 50 - 60 kip 1,125 6.5 in 140 702.3 460.9 131.3 8,000/1,200 201.8 ft/s // ft/min
DRILL STRING DATA

DRILLING FLUID DATA

8.80 26.00 10.00 // 800 2600
TOTAL VOLUME 1,001.0 bbl HOLE 1,001.00 bbl PITS 0.0 bbl RESERVE 1,830.00 bbl
WELL DATA
0.50 HRS OTHER NEXT CSG 13.375 in @ 4,467.0 ft V 0.75 / ° @ 1,385 ft FT 24 HRS 578.0 ft

4.50 P CONT DRILLED 16' HOLE FROM 3630' TO 3825'.WITH 80% HARDNESS CALICUM - 800 mg/lt
RETURN. TOP OF HARTHA. OBJECTIVE OF BG- 854 WATER SOURCE FOR WARA PMP.
PUMP HI-VIS 30 BBLS EVERY 45' OF DRILLING.,REAM ONCE LOSS OCCURED FROM 950'.IN DAMMAM.
BEFORE EVERY CONNECTION. SECTION A TOP - 37.1'.
AVERAGE ROP IN TAYARAT - 44 FEET/HR. CONDUCTED PIT DRILL ON - 25/04/2013.
DYNAMIC LOSS - 200 BBLS/HR , STATIC LOSS - 100 BBLS/HR.
6.00 P CONT DRILLED 16" HOLE FROM 3825' TO 3902'.
0.50 P SERVICED TDS.
1.50 P CONT DRILLED 16" HOLE FROM 3902' TO 3947' TOP OF SADI.
AVERAGE ROP IN HARTHA - 16 FEET/HR.
5.50 P CONT DRILLED 16" HOLE FROM 3947' TO 4135' TOP OF
MUTRIBA.WITH 75% RETURN.
AVERAGE ROP IN SADI.- 35 feet/hr.
RUMAILA with 75% RETURN.
AVERAGE ROP IN MUTRIBAI.- 13 feet/hr.
1.00 P CONT DRILLED 16" HOLE FROM 4202' TO 4208' with 75%
RETURN.
REAM ONCE BEFORE EVERY CONNECTION, PUMP HI-VIS 30 BBLS
EVERY 45FEET OF DRILLING.
REMARKS:

FORMATION RUMAILA TOP 4,201.0 AVG ROP 24.6 ft/hr RIG SUPERVISOR JOTHI KUMAR
DAILY MUD USAGE

LIME 24.00 x 30kg
CUM. COST 3,896
04/26/2013 6:25:36AM 1
132
BG-0854 5,690.0 ft/BURGAN SP-137 25 27 4 2013 4/7 4,510.0 ft WIPER TRIP IN PROGRESS.
BIT HYDRAULICS
90 -100 60 - 60 kip 1,075 6.5 in 140 702.3 449.2 130.0 7,000/1,200 201.1 ft/s // ft/min
DRILL STRING DATA

DRILLING FLUID DATA

8.80 26.00 10.00 // 800 2600
WELL DATA

AHMADI with 85% RETURN.
REAM ONCE BEFORE EVERY CONNECTION, PUMP HI-VIS 30 BBLS
EVERY 45FEET OF DRILLING.
AVERAGE ROP IN RUMAILA- 15 FEET/HR.
5.00 P CONT DRILLED 16" HOLE FROM 4460' TO 4510' WITH 85%
RETURN TD FOR CASING.
AVERAGE ROP IN AHMADI - 10 FEET/HR.
1.00 P PUMP HI-VIS 60 BBLS CIRCULATE CLEAN HOLE PRIOR TO
WIPER TRIP TO CASING SHOE.
1.50 P FLOW CHECK LEVEL GOING DOWN,POOH BIT TO 3500' FOR
WIPER TRIP IN PROGRESS.
CONT PUMPING BRACKISH WATER FROM TRIP TANK..
DYNAMIC LOSS -140 BBLS/HR, STATIC LOSS - 75 BBLS/HR.
REMARKS:

FORMATION AHMADI TOP 4,460.0 AVG ROP 14.0 ft/hr RIG SUPERVISOR JOTHI KUMAR
DAILY MUD USAGE

LIME 28.00 x 30kg
BENTONITE. 1.00 x 1TON
CUM. COST 3,991
04/27/2013 6:21:55AM 1
133
BG-0854 5,690.0 ft/BURGAN SP-137 25 28 4 2013 4/8 4,510.0 ft R/UP 13.375" CASING HANDLING EQUIPMENT IN PROGRESS.
BIT HYDRAULICS
2 16.00 in GSI12BVECPS 20/20/20/16 400.0 ft 4,510.0 ft 4,100.0 ft 110.0 37.3 PZ0008 SMITH
2 2 WT A E I NO TD 0 6.5 in 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ft/s // ft/min
DRILL STRING DATA

DRILLING FLUID DATA

8.80 26.00 10.00 // 800 2600
WELL DATA
11.00 HRS OTHER NEXT CSG 13.375 in @ 4,467.0 ft V 1.00 / ° @ 2,340 ft FT 24 HRS

6.50 P CONT POOH BIT TO CASING SHOE @ 398'. HARDNESS CALICUM - 800 mg/lt
RIH TO BOTOM @ 4510'. WASHED DOWN LAST TWO STANDS. OBJECTIVE OF BG- 854 WATER SOURCE FOR WARA PMP.
2.00 P PUMP HI-VIS 60 BBLS CIRCULATED CLEANHOLE TILL SHAKKER LOSS OCCURED FROM 950'.IN DAMMAM.
CLEAN. SECTION A TOP - 37.1'.
SPOT 200 BBLS LOW FLUID LOSS PILL AT BOTTOM.
6.00 P DROP TOTCO AND POOH BIT TO SURFACE.
RETRIEVED TOTCO. DEPTH- 4465' INC - 1.75 DEG.
DYNAMIC LOSS- 140 BBLS, STATIC LOSS - 75 BBLS.
0.50 P RETRIEVED WEAR BUSHING.
0.50 P PJSM R/UP THE SHOOTING NIPPLE TEST SHOOTING NIPPLE TO
500 PSI.
6.00 P HALLIBURTON R/UP THE RUN#1 TOOL
ACRT(Resistivity)-BSAT(Sonic
P&S)-Flex-SDL(Density)-DSN(Neutron)-GR(Gamma Ray)'
RIH LOGGED THE SAME. POOH LOGGING TOOL TO SURFACE.
STATIC LOSS -75 BBLS/HR.
1.00 P L/DN THE LOGGING TOOLS AND SURFACE SHEAVES.
1.00 P CHANGED RAM TO 13-3/8" TESTED BONNET SEAL TO 1000 PSI
OK.
0.50 P R/UP 13.375" CASING HANDLING TOOL IN PROGRESS.
REMARKS:

DAILY MUD USAGE

MIl-STARSH 10.00 x 25KG
CUM. COST 4,077
04/28/2013 6:16:25AM 1
134
BG-0854 5,690.0 ft/BURGAN SP-137 25 29 4 2013 4/9 4,510.0 ft FINAL CUT CASING
BIT HYDRAULICS
DRILL STRING DATA

DRILLING BHA
PROFILE VERTICAL STRING WT UP STRING WT DN STAB POS
DRILLING FLUID DATA

8.40 26.00 // 800 2600
WELL DATA

0.50 P CONT R/UP THE CASING HANDLING TOOLS G CEMENT NO RETURN
1.00 P M/UP THE SHOE TRACK TESTED IT OK. 0.50 P PREPARED TO SET SLIP OPENED THE BOLTS AND OPENED RISER
1.00 P CONT RIH CASING TO 372'. BOLT
0.50 P R/UP SPIDER SLIP ELEVATOR, LAUFLER HOSE BREAK 0.50 P PUMP 25 BBLS 15.8 PPG CLASS G CEMENT WITH 2 %CACL IN
CIRCULATED. ANNULUS OBSERVED CEMENT RETURN.
12.00 P CONT RIH 13.375" CASING AS PER TALLY TO 4507' 1.50 P HANG UP BOP SET CASING SLIP, N/UP BOP TEST CASING SLIP
WASHED DOWN LAST TWO JOINT. SEAL TO 1000 PSI OK.
TOTAL - 121 JOINTS. CASING SHOE @ 4507', FLOAT COLLAR 0.50 P ROUGH CUT CASING ,L/DN THE LANDING JOINT.
@ 4429'. 1.00 P N/DN THE 21-1/4" BOP.
0.50 P CIRCULATED @ 10 BBLS/MIN , PRESSURE - 200 PSI. 0.50 P FINAL CUT CASING AND DRESSED IT .
STATIC LOSS - 75 BBL/HRS.
DYNAMIC LOSS - 110 BBLS/HR. REMARKS:
0.50 P PJSM R/DN THE LAFLUER HOSE R/UP THE CEMENT HEAD TWO WATERWELL RUNNING.
0.50 P ESTABLISED CIRCULATION , CIRCULATED @ 10bbls/min FLOW RATE - 400 BBLS/HR.
pressure - 325 psi. SALANITY CHLORIDE -2600 mg/lt.
1.50 P BJ TESTED LINE TO 3000 PS, BJ PUMP PRE-FLUSH 30 BBLS HARDNESS CALICUM - 800 mg/lt
WATER, DROPPED BOTTOM PLUG PUMPED LEAD CEMENT 12.5PPG OBJECTIVE OF BG- 854 WATER SOURCE FOR WARA PMP.
CLASS G 231 BBLS, TAIL 15.8 PPG 90 BBLS, DROPPED TOP LOSS OCCURED FROM 950'.IN DAMMAM.
PLUG AND PUMPED BJ PUMP 10 BBLS OF WATER. SECTION A TOP - 37.1'.
1.00 P DISPLACES CEMENT WITH WATER FROM RIG PUMP , BUMPED THE
PLUG WITH 1300 PSI . BLEED OF PRESSURE CHECK FOR BACK
FLOW FLOAT HOLDING.
OBSERVED TOTAL LOSS FOR LAST 60 BBLS OF WATER
DISPLACEMENT.
0.50 P PREPARED FOR 1ST TOP JOB PUMPED 30 BBLS 15.8 PPG CLASS

BOP TESTED TO 2,000.00 psi ON 04/21/2013 RETURNS 85 KOC TEAM LEADER MOHAMMED BOUSHEHRI
DAILY MUD USAGE
CUM. COST 4,077
04/29/2013 6:45:00AM 1
135
BG-0854 5,690.0 ft/BURGAN SP-137 25 30 4 2013 4 / 10 4,575.0 ft DRILLING 12.25" HOLE
BIT HYDRAULICS
3 12.25 in HC606Z 14/14/14/14/14/14/14/14/14 4,510.0 ft INC 65.0 ft 1.5 43.3 7031267 HUGHES
70 -100 10 - 35 kip 1,400 6.5 in 140 702.3 573.6 106.7 5,000/1,000 166.5 ft/s // ft/min
DRILL STRING DATA

DRILLING BHA 15 x 5.00 HW + 8.00 XO + 2x8.00 SDC + 9.50 JAR + 9x8.00 SDC + NIB + 8.00 SDC + NIB + 9.00 SS + NBS + 12.25 BIT
DRILLING FLUID DATA

10.50 50.00 3.2 1.0 0.30 6.00 9.00 22 23 8/12/ 0.20 10.00 200 2600
WELL DATA
4.50 HRS DRILL LAST CSG 18.625 in @ 398.0 ft D 1.75 / ° @ 4,465 ft TD TODAY 4,575.0 ft
8.00 HRS TRIPS LAST CSG 13.375 in @ 4,507.0 ft E 1.25 / ° @ 3,475 ft TD YEST 4,510.0 ft

2.00 P INSTALLED SECTION B , TIGHTENED FLANGE,ENERGISED SEAL POLYMER MUD.
TESTED TO 1500 PSI OK. 1.00 P CIRCULATED MUD WT IN AND OUT SAME.
3.50 P N/UP THE 13-5/8" BOP AND THE RELATED EQUIPMENT. CONDUCTED FIT WITH 10.5 PPG APPLIED 460 PSI FOR
2.00 P FUNCTION TEST AND PRESSURE TEST PIPE RAM, BLIND RAM, 12.5PPG EQ-WT OK.
KILL LINE VALVES CHOKE LINE VALVES STAND PIPE VALVES , 1.50 P CONT DRILLED 12.25" HOLE FROM 4520' TO 4575'.
CHOKEMANIFOLD VALVES TO LOW-300 PSI/HIGH -5000 PSI.
ANNULAR - LOW 300 PSI/2500 PSI HIGH. REMARKS:
0.50 P INSTALLED WEAR BUSHING TWO WATERWELL RUNNING.
1.50 NP PJSM BOP LIFTING HOIST WINCH OFF- DRILLER SIDE OIL FLOW RATE - 400 BBLS/HR.
LEAK , REMOVED IT FROM TROLLY BEAM BELOW THE ROTARY SALANITY CHLORIDE -2600 mg/lt.
TABLE FOR SERVICING THE SAME. HARDNESS CALICUM - 800 mg/lt
2.00 P L/DN 16" BHA , NBS, S/SUB, S/STB, 4X10" D/C. OBJECTIVE OF BG- 854 WATER SOURCE FOR WARA PMP.
WHILE L/DN WELDED BASE PLATE TO 18-5/8" CASING TOP AND LOSS OCCURED FROM 950'.IN DAMMAM.
BOTTOM. SECTION A TOP - 37.1'.
2.50 P P/UP M/UP 12.25" BIT STIFF BHA RIH TO 952'. SECTION B TOP- 34.4'.
(BIT, NBS, S/SUB, S/STB, 1X8"DC, S/STB, 9X8" DC, JAR,
2X8"DC, 15X5"HWDP).
1.50 P P/UP FROM RACK MAKE STANDS AND RIH TO 1975'. ( TOTAL
11 STANDS)
2.00 P CONT RIH 12.25" STIFF BHA TAG TOP OF PLUG @ 4422'.
0.50 P CIRCULATE AND TEST CASING TO 1500 PSI.
2.00 P DRILLED PLUG FLOAT COLLAR CEMENT TO 4487'.
1.00 P CONT DRILLED CEMENT FLOAT SHOE AND FORMATION TO 4520'.
wHILE DRILLING DISPLACED HOLE WITH 10.5 PPG KCL-

DAILY MUD USAGE

POTASSIUM CHLORIDE10.00 x 1,000KG XANTHAN GUM D 15.00 x 25KG PROTECTOMAGIC M 150.00 x 25KG MIL CARB 5 6.00 x 1,000kg
MIl-STARSH 150.00 x 25KG MIL-BAR 45.00 x 1,500KG MIL-PAC LV 30.00 x 25KG MIL-CARB 25 6.00 x 1,000KG
MIL-CARB 50 6.00 x 1,000KG CAUSTIC SODA 9.00 x 25KG SODA ASH 45.00 x 25KG CUM. COST 15,608
04/30/2013 6:47:06AM 1
136
BG-0854 5,690.0 ft/BURGAN SP-137 25 1 5 2013 4 / 11 4,925.0 ft DRILLING 12.25" HOLE.
BIT HYDRAULICS
3 12.25 in HC606Z 14/14/14/14/14/14/14/14/14 4,510.0 ft INC 415.0 ft 9.0 46.1 7031267 HUGHES
100 -120 15 - 35 kip 1,475 6.5 in 140 702.3 604.3 106.7 9,000/1,000 166.5 ft/s // ft/min
DRILL STRING DATA

DRILLING FLUID DATA

10.50 51.00 3.5 1.0 0.30 6.00 9.00 22 24 9/13/ 0.20 10.00 200 24,500
WELL DATA

2.00 P CONT DRILLED 12.25' HOLE FROM 4575' TO 4665'. RIH BIT TO BOTTOM @ 4650'.
0.50 NP OBSERVED TDS BACK UP TONG BOLTS LOSE AND OIL LEAK FROM WHILE WELDING HAMMER UNION INSTALLED BOP LIFTING WINCH.
TDS HYDRALUIC LINES. 5.50 P DRILLED 12.25" HOLE FROM 4665' TO 4925'.
POOH BIT TO CASING SHOE. PUMP HI-VIS 25 BBLS AND REAM ONCE EVERY CONNECTION.
1.00 NP RECTIFING THE ABOVE IN PROGRESS.
0.50 P HSE PINCH POINT IDENTIFICATION KICK OFF PROGRAM WITH REMARKS:
SINOPEC 137 CREW. TWO WATERWELL RUNNING.
0.50 NP RECTIFIED THE PROBLEMS IN TDS. FLOW RATE - 400 BBLS/HR.
4.00 NP OBSERVED ROTARY HOSE NEAR TDS WASHED OUT AND MUD SALANITY CHLORIDE -2600 mg/lt.
LEAKING. HARDNESS CALICUM - 800 mg/lt
TDS STANDBYE AND DAMAGED ROTARY HOSE HANGING POINT OBJECTIVE OF BG- 854 WATER SOURCE FOR WARA PMP.
FROM MAST IN DIFFERENT PLACE. SO STANDY HOSE HAS TO BE LOSS OCCURED FROM 950'.IN DAMMAM.
LONGER THAN ROTARY HOSE IN USE, HOSES INSTALLED ARE SECTION A TOP - 37.1'.
OF SAME LENGTH.STAND BYE ROTARY HOSE CANNOT BE USED SECTION B TOP- 34.4'.
OPEN DAMAGE HOSE FROM TDS SIDE AND MAST SIDE L/DN THE
SAME.
OPEN THE STAND BYE ROTARY HOSE FROM MAST SIDE CHANGE
IT POSITION ON THE MAST AND INSTALLED IT ON TDS .
TESTED IT TO 3000 PSI, FOUND MUD LEAK FROM TDS GOOSE
NECK HAMMER UNION.
10.00 NP OPEN THE GOOSE NECK HAMMER UNIONS CONNECTING TO TDS
FOUND WASHED OUT,
CUT AND WELDED NEW HAMMER UNION ,INSPECTED THE
WELDING, INSTALLED GOOSE NECK HAMMER UNION ON TDS.
TEST IT TO 3000 PSI OK.

DAILY MUD USAGE

POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 4.00 x 1,000KG
CUM. COST 16,232
05/01/2013 6:38:06AM 1
137
BG-0854 5,690.0 ft/BURGAN SP-137 25 2 5 2013 4 / 12 5,690.0 ft POOH BIT IN PROGRESS.
BIT HYDRAULICS
3 12.25 in HC606Z 14/14/14/14/14/14/14/14/14 4,510.0 ft INC 1,180.0 ft 23.5 50.2 7031267 HUGHES
100 -120 20 - 35 kip 1,500 6.5 in 140 702.3 653.4 105.7 9,000/1,000 166.0 ft/s // ft/min
DRILL STRING DATA

DRILLING FLUID DATA

10.90 50.00 3.6 1.0 0.30 6.00 9.00 22 23 8/12/ 0.20 12.00 400 29,600
WELL DATA

14.50 P DRILLED 12.25" HOLE FROM 4665' TO 5690'.WELL TD.
PUMP HI-VIS 25 BBLS AND REAM ONCE EVERY CONNECTION.
1.00 P PUMP HI-VIS 40 BBLS CIRCULATED CLEAN HOLE PRIOR TO
WIPER TRIP TO CASING SHOE.
1.00 P FLOW CHECK HOLE STATIC, POOH BIT TO 5177' OBSERVED
TIGHT HOLE , TRIED OVER PULL 30KLBS NO SUCCESS
1.50 P BACK REAM FROM 5185' TO 4507' CASING SHOE.
1.50 P RIH BACK TO BOTTOM @ 5690'.
2.50 P POOH BIT WITH OUT ANY RESISTANCE TO 2750' FOR
LOGGING.IN PROGRESS.
REMARKS:
SECTION B TOP- 34.4'.
STILL NOT RECIEVED 9-5/8" CASING, KOC DWS SEND BACK
TRAILERS ON SAFETY ISSSUE WITHOUT LOADINGTHE CASING.

FORMATION b15 TOP 5,392.0 AVG ROP 52.8 ft/hr RIG SUPERVISOR JOTHI KUMAR
DAILY MUD USAGE

POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 3.00 x 1,000KG MIL-BAR 19.00 x 1,500KG PROTECTOMAGIC M 54.00 x 25KG
MIL-CARB 150 3.00 x 1,000KG BIOCIDE AM 11.00 x 44LB MIL-PAC LV 30.00 x 25KG
XANTHAN GUM D 3.00 x 25KG CAUSTIC SODA 7.00 x 25KG CUM. COST 20,225
05/02/2013 6:36:06AM 1
138
BG-0854 5,690.0 ft/BURGAN SP-137 25 3 5 2013 4 / 13 5,690.0 ft POOH BIT
BIT HYDRAULICS
4 12.25 in 18/18/18/18 5,960.0 ft INC SMITH
3 12.25 in HC606Z 14/14/14/14/14/14/14/14/14 4,510.0 ft 5,690.0 ft 1,180.0 ft 23.5 50.2 7031267 HUGHES
0 6.5 in 0 0.0 0.0 // ft/min
1 1 WT G X I NO TD 0.0 0.0 0.0 ft/s // ft/min
DRILL STRING DATA

DRILLING FLUID DATA

10.90 51.00 3.8 1.0 0.30 6.00 9.00 22 24 9/13/ 0.20 12.00 400 29,600
WELL DATA
REMARKS:
STILL NOT RECIEVED 9-5/8" CASING, KOC DWS SEND BACK
TRAILERS ON SAFETY ISSSUE WITHOUT LOADINGTHE CASING.

DAILY MUD USAGE

CUM. COST 20,385
05/03/2013 7:06:33AM 1
139
BG-0854 5,690.0 ft/BURGAN SP-137 25 4 5 2013 4 / 14 5,690.0 ft RIH 12.25" STIFF BHA IN PROGRESS.
BIT HYDRAULICS
4 12.25 in 18/18/18/18 5,960.0 ft INC SMITH
1,500 6.5 in 140 702.3 0.0 // ft/min
DRILL STRING DATA

DRILLING FLUID DATA

10.95 50.00 3.0 1.0 0.30 6.00 9.00 22 23 8/12/ 0.20 12.00 400 29,600
WELL DATA
REMARKS:

DAILY MUD USAGE
CUM. COST 21,315
05/04/2013 6:29:18AM 1
140
BG-0854 5,690.0 ft/BURGAN SP-137 25 5 5 2013 4 / 15 5,690.0 ft RIH 9-5/8" CASING.
BIT HYDRAULICS
4 12.25 in 18/18/18/18 5,960.0 ft 5,960.0 ft SMITH
0 6.5 in 0 0.0 0.0 // ft/min
DRILL STRING DATA

DRILLING FLUID DATA

10.90 51.00 3.0 1.0 0.30 6.00 9.00 22 24 9/13/ 0.20 12.00 400 29,600
WELL DATA
REMARKS:

DAILY MUD USAGE

CUM. COST 21,425
05/05/2013 6:30:27AM 1
141
BG-0854 5,690.0 ft/BURGAN SP-137 25 6 5 2013 4 / 16 5,690.0 ft RIH SCRAPPER 9-5/8" SCRAPPER ASSEMBLE IN PROGRESS.
BIT HYDRAULICS
DRILL STRING DATA

DRILLING BHA
DRILLING FLUID DATA

10.90 43.00 3.0 1.0 0.30 6.00 9.00 13 12 2/3/ 0.20 12.00 400 29,600
24 HR. LOSSES 0.00 bbl HOLE SURFACE DUMP 651.2 bbl
WELL DATA

2.00 P CONT RIH CASING AS PER TALLY TO 5688'. 2.50 P LDN 12.25" BHA ( NBS, SHOCK SUB, 2XSTRING STB, 12X8"
WASHED DOWN LAST TWO JOINTS. D/C).
CASING SHOE@ 5688' 6.50 P M/UP 8.5"BIT , B/SUB , 9-5/8" RAZOR BACK SCRAPPER RIH
FLOAT COLLAR @ 5608'. TO 5200'.
TOURBOLISER -16 NOS, BOW CENTRALISERS - 18 SET.
1.00 P CIRCULATED @10 BBLS /MIN PRESSURE - 200 PSI. REMARKS:
1.00 P PJSM R/DN THE LAFLUER HOSE R/UP THE CEMENTING HEAD TWO WATERWELL RUNNING.
1.00 P CIRCULATED TILL BJ MIXED CEMENT . FLOW RATE - 400 BBLS/HR.
1.50 P BJ PRESSURE TEST LINE TO 3000 PSI.BJ PUMP 50BBLS 3% SALANITY CHLORIDE -2600 mg/lt.
KCL TREATED MUD, 50 BBLS 11.5 PPG SPACER MCS 6 SPACER, HARDNESS CALICUM - 800 mg/lt
DROPPED BOTTOM PLUG BJ PUMP 250 BBLS 12.5 PPG CLASS G OBJECTIVE OF BG- 854 WATER SOURCE FOR WARA PMP.
CEMENT, 138 BBLS 15.8 PPG CLASS G CEMENT SLURRY, SECTION A TOP - 37.1'.
DROPPED TOP PLUG AND BJ PUMP 10 BBLS MUD. SECTION B TOP- 34.4'.
1.00 P CONT DISPLACE CEMENT WITH 10.9 PPG MUD WITH RIG
PUMP,BUMPED PLUG AT 1600 PSI , BLEED PRESSURE CHECK
FOR BACK FLOW , FLOAT HOLDING.
OBSERVED 20 BBLS CEMENT IN SURFACE.
0.50 P SET CASING SLIP
0.50 P ROUGH CUT CASING AND L/DN THE SAME.
0.50 P FINAL CUT CASING DRESSED THE SAME.
2.00 P INSTALLED SECTION C , ENERGISED SEAL TESTED TO 2500
PSI OK.
13-5/8"x5M - 11"X5M
3.50 P N/UP 13-5/8" CASING AND RELATED EQUIPMENT.
0.50 P INSTALL WEAR BUSHING.

DAILY MUD USAGE

NEW THIN 12.00 x 5GAL
MIL-BAR 3.00 x 1,500KG
CUM. COST 21,981
05/06/2013 6:45:28AM 1
142
BG-0854 5,690.0 ft/BURGAN SP-137 25 7 5 2013 4 / 17 5,690.0 ft RIG MOVE IN PRORESS.
BIT HYDRAULICS
RPM WOB I O D L B G O R PSI LINER SPM GPM P.HHP B.HHP TORQ N. VEL A. VEL (DC1/DC2/DP)
DRILL STRING DATA

DRILLING BHA
DRILLING FLUID DATA

MUD WT. VIS FL CAKE SD OIL PH PV YP GEL PF SOLID CA CHLOR ECD
8.70 26.00 //
24 HR. LOSSES 0.00 bbl HOLE SURFACE DUMP 929.2 bbl
WELL DATA
0.00 HRS DRILL LAST CSG 13.375 in @ 4,507.0 ft D 1.00 / ° @ 5,600 ft TD TODAY 5,690.0 ft
4.50 HRS OTHER NEXT CSG @ V 1.25 / ° @ 3,475 ft FT 24 HRS

1.00 P CONT RIH TAGGED TOP OF CEMENT PLUG @ 5606' SALANITY CHLORIDE -2600 mg/lt.
1.00 P DISPLACED 10.9 BBP MUD WITH 8.7 PPG FILTERED 2 MICRON HARDNESS CALICUM - 800 mg/lt
CORRISION INHIBITOR BRINE. OBJECTIVE OF BG- 854 WATER SOURCE FOR WARA PMP.
11.00 P POOH L/DN SCRAPPER STRING. SECTION A TOP - 37.1'.
(L/DN 156 JOINTS 5"D/P, 15X5" HWDP, 6X6-1/2"D/C, SECTION B TOP- 34.4'.
SCRAPPER, B/SUB, BIT).
0.50 P RETRIEVED WEAR BUSHING.
2.00 P N/DN THE 13-5/8" BOP.
1.00 P INSTALLED DRY TREE TIGHTENED FLANGE .INSTALLED
PRESSURE GAUGE NEEDLE VALVE IN SECTION C SIDE OUT LET
VALVE AND DRY TREE TOP, TEST DRY TREE FLANGE TO
500PSI AGAINST CASING OK, CLOSED ALL VALVES , CLEANED
CELLAR.
RIG RELEASED @ 22:30hrs 06/05/2013
REMARKS:
DAILY MUD USAGE

BRINE PAC 1500 4.00 x 55.0GAL
SALT 12.00 x 1.0MT
CUM. COST 23,540
WELL COST SUMMARY

DIESEL USED (BBLS) Rig Cost 5,132 Drlg Matls 0 Coring 0 Stim & Testing 0
Last 24 hrs 0 Rental tool 0 Comp Matls 0 Mud Additives 1,559 Daily cost 25,690
Cumulative 0 Moving&Loc 0 Cementing 18,820 Mud Engr 180 F/Cum. 402,371
Rig Diesel 0 Logging 0 Bit Cost 0 Drill Water 0 Est. Cum. 428,061
Mud Diesel 0 Perforation 0 Mud Logging 0 Other Services 0 Auth. Cost 751,000
5/7/2013 5:48:57AM 1
143
KOC DAILY WORKOVER REPORT
AREA: WEST KUWAIT GC: 24 HOURS ENDING: 6:00:00AM TEAM: D&WO Team IV
WELL DATA
WELL NAME RIG DAY MONTH YEAR DAY # PRESENT ACTIVITY
MN-0168 SP-923 21 3 2013 1/1 N/UP 13-5/8" 5M BOP STACK & RELATED EQUPMENTS...INC...
OBJECTIVE ESP REPLACEMENT TOTAL MD 10,654.0 PBMD 10,553.0 PLANNED DAYS
PERFORATED & PRODUCING ZONES, DEPTH DATA

PERF ZONE 1 -
PERF ZONE 2 -
WELL HEAD PRODUCTION CASING PRODUCTION LINER #1 PRODUCTION LINER #2 TUBING DATA
TYPE RATING SIZE WT. DEPTH SIZE WT. FROM TO SIZE WT. FROM TO SIZE WT. TYPE
SI, 18 5/8" X 13 3/8" X 9 5/8"

5,000.00
X 7" LINER 0.00 7.000 26.00 7,618.4 10,654.0 0.00 4.500 12.75 L-80
24 HOURS OPERATION LOG

OPERATING REPAIRS WAITING MOVING OTHERS TOTAL
12.50 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00 22.50

24 HOUR SUMMARY SPUD WELL MN-0168 AT 17:30 HRS ON DATE: 20-MAR-2013. KILL WELL BY BULL HEADING W/8.4 PPG B/WATER. TEST BOP SHEAR RAM
ON STUMP AT 300/5000 PSI, OK. INSTALL ONE WAY BPV & R/DN LUB.. N/DN 11" 5M x 4-1/16" x 5M , X-MAS TREE & N/UP 13-5/8" 5M BOP
STACK..INC..

10.00 P HPJSM. RIG DOWN AT MN-0100: 100 % , RIG MOVE TO 1). The objective of this well is, to add more
MN-0168: 100 % : RIG UP AT MN-0168: 100% . perforations in top of MO, stimulate, replace the
2.00 P HELD PRE SPUD SAFETY MEETING. SPUD WELL MN-0168 AT failed ESP and to recomplete with ESP with 'Y' tool.
17:30 HRS ON DATE: 20-MAR-2013. CHK THP=0 PSI AND ANN 2). R/UP BPV LUBRICATOT AT MN-100. P/TEST LUB AT 1000
PR= 390 PSI. CONNECT PUMP LINES TO X-MAS TREE KILL PSI, OK. & RETRIEVE 3" BPV FROM TBG HGR. R/DN LUB &
LINE AND ANN VALVE. R/UP BPV LUB, TEST AT 1000 PSI,OK. SECURE WELL.
RETRIEVE BPV. OBS THP=400 PSI. TRY TO BLEED OFF PR 3). SPUD WELL MN-0168 AT 17:30 HRS ON DATE:
FROM ANN BUT COULD NOT COME DN TO ZERO. ANN PR 340 20-MAR-2013.
PSI, OBS OIL & GAS FLOW BACK TO NEAR PIT. STOP B/OFF.
4.00 P KILL WELL BY BULL HEADING. PUMP 260 BBL 8.4 PPG
BRAKISH WATER, THROUGH ANN & 160 THROUGH TBG. FLOW
CHK & OBS GAS COMING THRU ANN, WELL IS NOT COMPLETE
KILLED. BULL HEAD WITH ANOTHER 260 BBL OF B/ WATER
THRU ANN. FLOW CHK & OBS WELL NO ACTIVITY. MEAN WHILE
TEST BOP SHEAR RAM ON STUMP AT 300/5000 PSI, OK.
2.00 P INSTALL ONE WAY BPV & R/DN LUBRICATOR.
2.00 P HPJSM. N/DN 11" 5M x 4-1/16" x 5M , X-MAS TREE.
2.50 P INSTALL, 11" 5M x 13-5/8" 5 M DSA. N/UP 13-5/8" 5M BOP
STACK & RELATED EQUPMENTS...INC...
REMARKS:
NEXT LOCATION MN-007 % READY 100 % RIG CREW 54 KOC PHONE 65019157 RIG PHONE
BOP TESTED TO 5,000.00 DATE 03/01/2013 12:00:00AM RIG SUPERVISORS RAJENDRA PRASAD / ABDULLAH
DAILY DRILL CREWS KOC TEAM LEADER HAITHAM AL- MAYYAN
NO OF DAYS SINCE 347 ACCIDENT/ NEAR MISS REPORTED NIL
FLUIDS DATA
HOLE VOLUME WORKOVER FLUID FLUID LOST FOR WELL
HOLE PITS WT. VIS TYPE % RETURN LAST 24 HRS CUMULATIVE TYPE
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
BOTTOM HOLE ASSEMBLY

BHA # LENGTH DESCRIPTION
Copy 11 938.88 (ft) 8.50 BIT + NBS + 6.50 PC + IBS + UNK + 6.50 DC + IBS + IBS + XO + 15x6.50 DC + 6.50 JAR + 3x6.50 DC + 9x5.00 HW
BITS & MILLS DATA

SIZE TYPE FOOTAGE HOURS SERIAL# MANUFACTURER REMARKS
8.50 MX-20GDX 6077832 HUGHES
CHEMICALS USED
CUM. COST 0
03/22/2013 8:07:44AM 144 1

WELL DATA
MN-0168 SP-923 22 3 2013 1/2 POOH CENTRILIFT-ESP ASSY ALONG WITH 4 1/2" EUE TBG & L/DN SGL BY SGL F/
7029' TO 4821'...INC...
OBJECTIVE ESP REPLACEMENT TOTAL MD PBMD 10,553.0 PLANNED DAYS

PERF ZONE 1 -
PERF ZONE 2 -
SI, 18 5/8" X 13 3/8" X 9 5/8"

5,000.00
X 7" LINER 0.00 7.000 26.00 7,618.4 10,654.0 0.00 4.500 12.75 L-80

24.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.00

24 HOUR SUMMARY N/UP 13-5/8" 5M BOP STACK & P/TEST BOP. OK. PUMP 96 BBL, OBS PUMP PR SHOOT UP AT BPV. P/UP TBG HGR , OBS ESP CABLE
PROTECTOR RUBBER GOT STUCK IN BPV. RETRIEVE BPV. L/DN HGR , POOH CENTRILIFT ESP ON 4 1/2" EUE TBG & L/DN SGL/SGL F/
7029' TO 4821'.

1.50 P COMPLETE N/UP BOP. FUNCTION TEST BOP, OK. CABLE UPPER PIG TAIL GOT HEAVY STUCK IN BPV PLUNGER &
2.00 P HPJSM. M/UP LANDING JT & TEST ANN BOP RAM TO 300 / SEALED OFF CIRCULATION AREA.
3500 PSI,OK. TEST PIPE RAM TO 300 / 5000 PSI, OK. L/DN 1.00 P HPJSM. CUT & REMOVE THE STUCK RUBBER PARTIALLY FROM
L/JT. BPV TOP. OBS NO PR IN THE STRING. RETRIEVE 1WBPV F/TBG
1.00 P CIRC 96 BBL B/WATER THRU TBG. OBS SUDDENLY PUMP PR HGR BY USING A SMALL T-BAR. M/UP CIRC HEAD & HOSE.
SHOOT UP F/ 500 PSI TO 1000 PSI. STOP PUMP & OBS, PR 0.50 P PUMP 120 BBL OF B/WATER THRU STRING, OBS NO RETURN.
COULD NOT COME DOWN. B/OFF PUMP PR TO ZERO PSI. WELL UNDER TOTAL LOSS. DISCONNECT CIRC HEAD & HOSE.
4.00 P INCREASE PUMP PR TO 1500 PSI, COULND NOT PUMP THRU 1.00 P HPJSM. M/UP 4 1/2" EUE PUP JT. WITH FOSV ON TBG HGR.
BPV. BLEED OFF PR TO ZERO PSI. P/UP T-BAR WITH BPV BAKER CENTRILIFT-ESP CREW DISCONNECT LOWER PIG TAIL
RETRIEVAL TOOL. TRY TO ENGAUGE ON BPV TOP BUT COULD AND CUT CABLE BELOW SPLICE JOINT. L/DN PUP JT & FOSV.
NOT INSERT IN TO THE BPV THREAD. P/UP L/JT W/ HOSE & L/DN TBG HGR. MEAN WHILE FILL UP HOLE WITH 15 BBL OF
RIH TO THE TOP OF BPV. WASH DOWN ON TOP OF BPV. OBS ON B/ WATER AFTER EVERY 30 MIN.
SHALE SHAKER ONLY BRAKISH WATER. 10.50 P HPJSM. CONT POOH CENTRILIFT-ESP ASSY ALONG WITH 4 1/2"
1.00 P P/UP L/JT WITH SAFETY VALVE AND TRY TO CONNECT ON TBG EUE, L-80, 12.75 #, 8 RD TBG & L/DN 71 JTS OF TBG,
HGR, COULD NOT CONNECT. POOH & CHK, OBS THREADS GOT SGL BY SGL F/ 7029' TO 4821'. MEAN WHILE FILL UP HOLE
DAMAGED, CHANGE L/JT AND TRY AGAIN TO CONNECT TO TBG WITH 15 BBL OF B/ WATER AFTER EVERY 30 MIN...INC...
HGR, NO SUCCESS, POOH AND CHK TREADS, GOT DAMAGED. TRY
AGAIN WITH THIRD L/JT AND CONNECTED TO TBG HGR. REMARKS:
1.50 P OPEN TIE DN BOLTS, P/UP HGR WITH 92 KLBS TO RIG 1). The objective of this well is, to add more
FLOOR. MEAN WHILE F/UP HOLE THRU ANN W/ 50 BBL BRAKISH perforations in top of MO, stimulate, replace the
WATER. OPENED L/JT & OBS THE RUBBER PROCTOR OF ESP failed ESP and to recomplete with ESP with 'Y' tool.
FLUIDS DATA
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Copy 11 938.88 (ft) 8.50 BIT + NBS + 6.50 PC + IBS + UNK + 6.50 DC + IBS + IBS + XO + 15x6.50 DC + 6.50 JAR + 3x6.50 DC + 9x5.00 HW
BITS & MILLS DATA

8.50 MX-20GDX 6077832 HUGHES
CHEMICALS USED
CUM. COST 0
03/22/2013 8:08:21AM 145 1


2). R/UP BPV LUBRICATOT AT MN-100. P/TEST LUB AT 1000 20-MAR-2013.
PSI, OK. & RETRIEVE 3" BPV FROM TBG HGR. R/DN LUB &
SECURE WELL.
3). SPUD WELL MN-0168 AT 17:30 HRS ON DATE:
03/22/2013 8:08:21AM 146 2

WELL DATA
MN-0168 SP-923 23 3 2013 1/3 CONT POOH & L/DN CENTRILIFT ESP ASSY WITH 'Y' TOOL...INC...
OBJECTIVE ESP REPLACEMENT TOTAL MD PBMD 10,553.0 PLANNED DAYS

PERF ZONE 1 -
PERF ZONE 2 -
SI, 18 5/8" X 13 3/8" X 9 5/8"

5,000.00
X 7" LINER 0.00 7.000 26.00 7,618.4 10,654.0 0.00 4.500 12.75 L-80

24.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.00

24 HOUR SUMMARY CONT POOH CENTRILIFT-ESP ASSY ALONG WITH Y TOOL ON 4 1/2" EUE TBG & L/DN 153 JTS( TOTAL: 71+153= 224 ) SGL/SGL F/ 4821' TO
92'. CONT POOH & L/DN CENTRILIFT ESP ASSY WITH 'Y' TOOL...INC...

20.00 P HPJSM. CONT POOH CENTRILIFT-ESP ASSY ALONG WITH 4 1/2"
EUE, L-80, 12.75 #, 8 RD TBG & L/DN 153 JTS( TOTAL:
71+153=224 ) OF TBG, SGL BY SGL F/ 4821' TO 92'. MEAN
WHILE FILL UP HOLE WITH 15 BBL OF B/ WATER AFTER EVERY
30 MIN.
4.00 P HPJSM. CONT POOH & L/DN CENTRILIFT ESP ASSY WITH 'Y'
TOOL F/ 92' TO SURFACE. MEAN WHILE FILLUP HOLE WITH 15
BBL OF BRAKISH WATER AFTER EVERY 30 MIN...INC...
REMARKS:
1). The objective of this well is, to add more
perforations in top of MO, stimulate, replace the
failed ESP and to recomplete with ESP with 'Y' tool.
2). R/UP BPV LUBRICATOT AT MN-100. P/TEST LUB AT 1000
SECURE WELL.
20-MAR-2013.
BOP TESTED TO 5,000.00 DATE 03/21/2013 12:00:00AM RIG SUPERVISORS RAJENDRA PRASAD
FLUIDS DATA
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Copy 11 938.13 (ft) NBS + 6.50 PC + IBS + UNK + 6.50 DC + IBS + IBS + XO + 15x6.50 DC + 6.50 JAR + 3x6.50 DC + 9x5.00 HW
BITS & MILLS DATA

8.50 MX-20GDX 6077832 HUGHES
CHEMICALS USED
CUM. COST 0
03/23/2013 6:47:06AM 147 1

WELL DATA
MN-0168 SP-923 24 3 2013 1/4 RIH 7" SCR ON 3 1/2" DP TO 9278'...INC...

PERF ZONE 1 -
PERF ZONE 2 -
SI, 18 5/8" X 13 3/8" X 9 5/8"

5,000.00
X 7" LINER 0.00 7.000 26.00 7,618.4 10,654.0 0.00 4.500 12.75 L-80

24.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.00

24 HOUR SUMMARY COMPLETE POOH & L/DN BAKER CENTRILIFT ESP ASSY WITH 'Y' TOOL. OBS MOTOR + SENSOR READING, P/G=O OHMS. P/UP KELLY
TIGHTEN ALL JTS & R/BACK. RIH BHA WITH 6 1/8" BIT & 7" SINOPEC CSG SCR TO 631' FOLLOWED BY 274 JTS OF 3 1/2" DP F/ 631' TO
9278'...INC...

0.50 P COMPLETE POOH & L/DN BAKER CENTRILIFT ESP ASSY WITH 3). SPUD WELL MN-0168 AT 17:30 HRS ON DATE:
'Y' TOOL TO SURFACE. OBS MOTOR + SENSOR READING, P/G=O 20-MAR-2013.
OHMS.
1.00 P P/UP INSPECTED KELLY & TIGHTEN ALL JTS & RACK BACK.(
KELLY INSPECTED ON DT: 19-MAR-2013 ).
0.50 P HPJSM. CHANGE OVER TO 4 3/4" DC HANDLING TOOLS.
2.00 P P/UP, M/UP & RIH BHA WITH 6 1/8" BIT + 7" SINOPEC SCR
+ BIT SUB+ 10 JTS x 4 3/4" DC + 10 JTS x 3 1/2" HWDP
TO 631'. MEAN WHILE FILL UP HOLE WITH 15 BBL OF B/
WATER AFTER EVERY 30 MIN.
20.00 P HPJSM. CONT RIH 274 JTS OF 3 1/2" DP F/ 631' TO
9278'. MEAN WHILE FILL UP HOLE WITH 15 BBL OF B/ WATER
AFTER EVERY 30 MIN...INC...
REMARKS:
SECURE WELL.
FLUIDS DATA
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 1,569.03 (ft) NBS + 6.50 PC + IBS + UNK + 6.50 DC + IBS + UNK + XO + 10x4.75 DC + 4.75 BS + 6.38 SRP + 9x5.00 HW
BITS & MILLS DATA

6.13 CH1GMRS PW1631 VAREL
8.50 MX-20GDX 6077832 HUGHES
CHEMICALS USED
CUM. COST 0
03/24/2013 6:51:11AM 148 1

WELL DATA
MN-0168 SP-923 25 3 2013 1/5 POOH 6 1/8" BIT & 7" SINOPEC SCR ON 281 JTS OF 3 1/2" DP & L/DN SGL / SGL, F/
10,553' TO 1672'...INC...

PERF ZONE 1 -
PERF ZONE 2 -
SI, 18 5/8" X 13 3/8" X 9 5/8"

5,000.00
X 7" LINER 0.00 7.000 26.00 7,618.4 10,654.0 0.00 4.500 12.75 L-80

24.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.00

24 HOUR SUMMARY COMPLETE RIH 6 1/8" BIT & 7" SINOPEC SCRAPER TO BTM @ 10,553'. PUMP 112 BBL B/WATER THRU STRING, OBS NO RETURNS. POOH
BIT & SCR ON 281 JTS OF 3 1/2" DP & L/DN SGL / SGL, F/ 10,553' TO 1672'...INC...

3.00 P CONT RIH WITH 6 1/8" BIT + 7" SINOPEC SCR 40 JTS (
TOTAL: 314 JT ) OF 3 1/2" DP F/ 9278' TO 10541'.
MEAN WHILE FILL UP HOLE WITH 15 BBL OF B/ WATER AFTER
EVERY 30 MIN.
1.00 P M/UP KELLY WASH DN F/10541 TO 10553'. PUMP 112 BBL OF
8.4 PPG B/WATER THRU STRING, OBS NO RETURNS. R/BACK
KELLY.
20.00 P HPJSM. POOH 6 1/8" BIT & 7" SINOPEC SCR ON 281 JTS OF
3 1/2" DP & L/DN SGL / SGL, F/ 10,553' TO 1672'.
MEAN WHILE FILL UP HOLE WITH 10 BBL OF B/ WATER AFTER
EVERY 30 MIN...INC...
REMARKS:
SECURE WELL.
20-MAR-2013.
FLUIDS DATA
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

BITS & MILLS DATA

8.50 MX-20GDX 6077832 HUGHES
CHEMICALS USED
CUM. COST 0
03/25/2013 6:29:05AM 149 1

WELL DATA
MN-0168 SP-923 26 3 2013 1/6 RIH PPI PKRS ASSLY ON 4 1/2'' EUE TBG TO 2872'...INC...

PERF ZONE 1 -
PERF ZONE 2 -
SI, 18 5/8" X 13 3/8" X 9 5/8"

5,000.00
X 7" LINER 0.00 7.000 26.00 7,618.4 10,654.0 0.00 4.500 12.75 L-80

24.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.00

24 HOUR SUMMARY COMPLETE POOH 6 1/8" BIT & 7" SCR. R/UP SHOOTING NPL & W/LINE BOP TEST AT 500 PSI, OBS LEAKAGE. CHANGE P/OFF ASSY &
RETEST TO 500 PSI ,OK. RIH BAKER W/LINE GUN & PERFORATE UPPER 'MO'. RIH PPI PKRS ASSLY ON ON 3 1/2" & 4 1/2" TBG TO
2872'...INC...

2.50 P CONT POOH 6 1/8" BIT & 7" SINOPEC SCR ON 33 JTS ( MOBILIZED ANOTHER PACK OFF ASSY FROM BAKER W/LINE WORK
TOTAL: 281+33= 314 JT ) OF 3 1/2" DP & L/DN SGL / SHOP. UPON ARRIVAL REPLACE PACK OFF ASSY AND PRESSURE
SGL, F/ 1672' TO 631'. MEAN WHILE FILL UP HOLE WITH 10 TEST BOP & LUB INTEGRITY TO 500 PSI. HOLD FOR 10 MIN,
BBL OF B/ WATER AFTER EVERY 30 MIN. GOOD TEST, OK.
2.00 P HPJSM. CONT POOH 6 1/8" BIT & 7" SINOPEC SCR ASSY ON 4.00 P P/UP & RIH W/ 4 1/2", 5 SPF, 60 deg PHASING
10 JTS OF 3 1/2" HWDP & 10 JTS OF 4 3/4" DC & L/DN PERFORATION GUN. MADE GR-CCL DEPTH CORELATION &
SGL/SGL. L/DN BIT SUB, 7" SCR & 6 1/8" BIT. MEAN WHILE PERFORATE UPPER 'MO'( 10,050'-10,075' ), POOH FIRED
FILLUP HOLE WITH 10 BBL OF BRAKISH WATER AFTER EVERY GUN ASSY TO SURFACE AND CHK ALL SHOTS WERE FIRED.
30 MIN. R/DN BAKER ATLAS, LUBRICATOR, W/LINE BOP & SHOOTING
1.50 P HPJSM. R/UP SHOOTING NPL, BAKER ATLAS W/LINE BOP & NPL.
LUBRICATOR ( 8' +20'= 28' ). TEST S/NPL, BOP & 1.00 P HPJSM, P/U & M/U NAPESCO 7'' PPI-STRADDLE PKRS ( 4'
LUBRICATOR AT 500 PSI, PRESSURE DROPPED IMMEDIATELY. SPACING ) ASSY W/ 1 PUP JT. (TOTAL ASSLY 17.7' LONG):
OBS LEAKS ON LUB QUICK UNION JT. RUBBER ELEMENT TO LOWER PKR( 3.75' ) + SPACING (4' ) +
4.50 NP BAKER W/LINE CREW CHANGE SEAL ON LUB & TIGHTEN THE RUBBER TO UPPER PKR( 3.0') + X-OVER( 1.1') + PUP JT(
QUICK UNION AND PRESSURE TEST AGAIN TO 500 PSI, NOT 5.85')
HOLDING. DISCONNECT 8' LUB & CONNECTED BACK 20' LUB ON 4.50 P CONT. RIH PPI PKRS ASSY ON 50 JTS OF 3 1/2'' EUE TBG
BOP. P/TEST AGAIN TO 500 PSI, OBS LEAKAGE AT PACK OFF FROM 17.7' TO 1552'.
ASSY. INCREASE HYD PUMP PR ON PACK OFF AND TRY TO 3.00 P CONT. RIH PPI PKRS ASSLY ON 36 JTS ( TOTAL: 50+36= 86
HOLD THE PRESSURE BUT NO SUCCESS. L/DN LUB AND ) OF 3 1/2'' EUE TBG FROM 1552' TO 2654'. MEAN WHILE
REDRESSED PACK OFF ASSY. CHANGE RUBBER ELEMENT & PR FILL UP HOLE WITH 10 BBL OF BRAKISH WATER AFTER EVERY
TEST AGAIN TO 500 PSI , NO SUCCESS. MEAN WHILE 30 MIN.
FLUIDS DATA
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

BITS & MILLS DATA

8.50 MX-20GDX 6077832 HUGHES
CHEMICALS USED
CUM. COST 0
03/26/2013 7:04:40AM 150 1


0.50 CHANGE OVER TO 4 1/2" EUE TBG HANDLING TOOLS. 2). R/UP BPV LUBRICATOT AT MN-100. P/TEST LUB AT 1000
0.50 CONT. RIH PPI PKRS ASSLY ON 7 JTS OF 4 1/2'' EUE TBG PSI, OK. & RETRIEVE 3" BPV FROM TBG HGR. R/DN LUB &
FROM 2654' TO 2872'. MEAN WHILE FILL UP HOLE WITH 10 SECURE WELL.
BBL OF BRAKISH WATER AFTER EVERY 30 MIN...INC... 3). SPUD WELL MN-0168 AT 17:30 HRS ON DATE:
20-MAR-2013.
REMARKS:
03/26/2013 7:04:40AM 151 2

WELL DATA
MN-0168 SP-923 27 3 2013 1/7 NAPESCO PUMP 12 BBL OF ACID FOR PICKLING OF 4 1/2'' & 3 1/2" EUE TBG
STRING...INC...

PERF ZONE 1 10,050.0-10,075.0
PERF ZONE 2 -
SI, 18 5/8" X 13 3/8" X 9 5/8"

5,000.00
X 7" LINER 0.00 7.000 26.00 7,618.4 10,654.0 0.00 4.500 12.75 L-80

24.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.00

24 HOUR SUMMARY COMPLETE RIH PPI PKR ASSY ON 3 1/2" & 4 1/2" TBG & SET PKRS @ 10005'. P/T NAPESCO 7" PPI STRADDLE PKRS F/BACK SIDE @ 900
PSI OK & BETWEEN PPI STRADDLE PKRS @ 1500 PSI, OK. PUMP 12 BBL OF ACID FOR PICKLING OF 4 1/2'' & 3 1/2" EUE TBG
STRING...INC...

14.00 P CONT. RIH PPI PKRS ASSLY ON 157 JTS( TOTAL=164 JTS )
OF 4 1/2'' EUE TBG FROM 2872' TO 7726'. MEAN WHILE REMARKS:
FILL UP HOLE WITH 10 BBL OF BRAKISH WATER AFTER EVERY 1). The objective of this well is, to add more
30 MIN. perforations in top of MO, stimulate, replace the
1.00 P M/UP CIRC HEAD & SAFETY VALVE W/HOSE & SET PKRS @ failed ESP and to recomplete with ESP with 'Y' tool.
7722'. P/T NAPESCO 7" PPI STRADDLE PKRS F/BACK SIDE @ 2). R/UP BPV LUBRICATOT AT MN-100. P/TEST LUB AT 1000
900 PSI OK & P/T BETWEEN PPI STRADDLE PKRS THRU TBG PSI, OK. & RETRIEVE 3" BPV FROM TBG HGR. R/DN LUB &
STRING @ 1500 PSI, OK. UN SEAT PKRS, L/DN CIRC HEAD & SECURE WELL.
HOSE. 3). SPUD WELL MN-0168 AT 17:30 HRS ON DATE:
6.50 P HPJSM. CONT RIH PPI PKRS ASSLY ON 75 JTS( TOTAL: 20-MAR-2013.
164+75=239 JTS ) OF 4 1/2'' EUE TBG FROM 7726' TO
10011'. ( NOTE : TOP OF 'MO' PERFORATIONS AT 10050' ).
MEAN WHILE FILL UP HOLE WITH 10 BBL OF BRAKISH WATER
AFTER EVERY 30 MIN.
2.00 P HPJSM. NAPESCO R/UP SURFACE LINES & TEST THE SAME @
3000 PSI. SET PKRS @ 10005'. P/T NAPESCO 7" PPI
STRADDLE PKRS F/BACK SIDE @ 900 PSI OK & P/T BETWEEN
PPI STRADDLE PKRS THRU TBG STRING @ 1500 PSI, OK. OPEN
BY PASS VALVE.
0.50 P HPJSM. NAPESCO PUMP 12 BBL ACID FOLLOWED BY 20 BBL OF
FILTERED WATER...INC...
FLUIDS DATA
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

BITS & MILLS DATA

CHEMICALS USED
CUM. COST 0
03/27/2013 7:10:29AM 152 1

WELL DATA
MN-0168 SP-923 28 3 2013 1/8 POOH & R/BACK, 77 STDS OF 4 1/2" EUE TBG F/ 10044' TO 5367'...INC...

PERF ZONE 1 10,050.0-10,075.0
PERF ZONE 2 -
SI, 18 5/8" X 13 3/8" X 9 5/8"

5,000.00
X 7" LINER 0.00 7.000 26.00 7,618.4 10,654.0 0.00 4.500 12.75 L-80

24.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.00

24 HOUR SUMMARY COMPLETE SELECTIVE ACIDIZING STIM JOB, R/DN NAPESCO PUMP UNIT. GAFSCO S/LINE RETERIEVE FCV. POOH 77 STD OF 4 1/2'' EUE
TBG F/ 10044' TO 5367'. MEAN WHILE F/UP HOLE W/10 BBL OF 8.4 PPG, FILTERED BRAKISH WATER FOR EVERY 30 MIN.

3.50 P HPJSM. CONT PUMP 123 BBL OF FILTERED WATER & DISPLACE 1.50 P HPJSM. R/UP GAFSCO S/LINE SHEAVE, BOP & LUBRICATOR.
ACID TO BTM @ 1 BPM. PICKLE ACID & REVERSE OUT SPENT TEST LUBRICATOR TO 1000 PSI, OK. RIH RETRIEVE FCV.
ACID W/ 201 BBL OF FILTER B/WATER. UNSEAT PKRS. POOH W/ FCV TO SURFACE. CHK FCV, OK. R/DN GAFSCO
0.50 P HPJSM. CONT RIH 6 JTS OF 4 1/2" EUE TBG ( TOTAL: S/LINE UNIT.
164+75+6=245 JTS ) F/10005' TO 10185'. 0.50 P M/UP CIRC HEAD & HOSE. PUMP 60 BBL OF FILTERED WATER
2.00 P R/UP NAPESCO SWIVEL. CONNECT ACID PUMP LINE, PICK UP & THRU TBG. OBS NO RETURN.
SET PKR @ 10185', TEST FOR INJECTIVITY, OBS NO 8.00 P HPJSM. B/OFF CIRC HEAD & HOSE. POOH TOTAL 77 STDS OF 4
INJECTIVITY. P/UP & LOCATE BOTTOM PERF @ 10170'. GOT 1/2" TBG. R/BACK 61 STDS & L/DN 16 STDS ( 32 JTS OF
INJECTIVITY @ 4.5 BPM @ 800 PSI. SHORT LENGTH PIPE, COULD NOT R/BACK AS STDS ON
1.00 P DROP FCV & FUNCTION TEST FCV, OPEN FCV @ 1100 PSI & DERRICK ) ALONG WITH PPI PKRS ASSY, F/ 10044' TO
CLOSE FCV @ 700 PSI, OK. 5367'. MEAN WHILE FILLUP HOLE WITH 10 BBL OF 8.4 PPG,
6.00 P HPJSM. NAPESCO PUMP ACID 137 BBL TO THE STRING AND FILTERED BRAKISH WATER FOR EVERY 30 MIN...INC...
C/OUT STIMULLATION JOB IN 25 STAGES BY SETTING 7''
NAPESCO STRADDLE PKRS AT DIFFERENT DEPTS@ 10170’, REMARKS:
10168’, 10164’, 10160’, 10156’, 10152’, 10148’, 1). The objective of this well is, to add more
10144’, 10140’, 10136’, 10132’, 10128’, 10124’, perforations in top of MO, stimulate, replace the
10120’, 10116’, 10112’, 10108’, 10104’, 10100’, failed ESP and to recomplete with ESP with 'Y' tool.
10072’, 10068’, 10064', 10060’, 10056’, 10052’, 2). R/UP BPV LUBRICATOT AT MN-100. P/TEST LUB AT 1000
10050’. PERFORMED SELECTIVE ACIDIZING OF PERFS W/ 15.2 PSI, OK. & RETRIEVE 3" BPV FROM TBG HGR. R/DN LUB &
BBL OF ACID FLUID IN EACH STAGE. SECURE WELL.
1.00 P UNSEAT PKRS. R/DN NAPESCO TBG SWIVEL & SURFACE LINES. 3). SPUD WELL MN-0168 AT 17:30 HRS ON DATE:
FLUIDS DATA
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

BITS & MILLS DATA

CHEMICALS USED
CUM. COST 0
03/28/2013 6:38:02AM 153 1


20-MAR-2013.
03/28/2013 6:38:02AM 154 2

WELL DATA
MN-0168 SP-923 29 3 2013 1/9 CONT RIH SLB-ESP ASSY ON, 1 STD OF 4 1/2" EUE TBG TO 129'...INC...

PERF ZONE 1 10,050.0-10,075.0
PERF ZONE 2 -
SI, 18 5/8" X 13 3/8" X 9 5/8"

5,000.00
X 7" LINER 0.00 7.000 26.00 7,618.4 10,654.0 0.00 4.500 12.75 L-80

24.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.00

24 HOUR SUMMARY POOH 4 1/2'' EUE TBG & R/BACK BY STDS & L/DN 3 1/2" EUE TBG SGL/SGL. L/DN PPI PKRS ASSY. P/UP & M/UP SLB-ESP ASSY & RIH 1 STD
OF 4 1/2" EUE TBG, 12.75 # , L-80 TO 129'...INC...

3.50 P POOH TOTAL 43 STDS ( TOTAL: 120 ) OF 4 1/2" TBG. 2.00 P POOH AND OBS THE OBSTRUCTION AT PROTECTOR, CHK
R/BACK 104 STDS ALONG WITH PPI PKRS ASSY, F/ 5367' OD=8.6". OBS BETWEEN BYPASS TBG & PROTECTOR THERE IS A
TO 2654'. MEAN WHILE FILLUP HOLE WITH 10 BBL OF 8.4 WELDING WHICH FORMS BIGGER OD. LOOSEN Y-TOOL CLAMP AND
PPG, FILTERED BRAKISH WATER FOR EVERY 30 MIN. TURNED LITTLE BIT OF BYPASS TBG OUT OFF WELDED AREA.
0.50 P HPJSM. CHANGE OVER TO 3 1/2" HANDLING TOOLS. B/OFF TIGHTEN CLAMP. RIH SLB-ESP ASSY TO 66.7'. CONT RIH
X-OVER. ESP ASSY ON 1STD OF 4 1/2" EUE , 12.75 # , L-80 TBG TO
7.00 P HPJSM. CONT POOH & L/DOWN 86 JTS OF 3 1/2" EUE 129'...INC...
SGL/SGL F/2654' TO SURFACE. MEAN WHILE FILLUP HOLE
WITH 10 BBL OF 8.4 PPG, FILTERED BRAKISH WATER FOR REMARKS:
EVERY 30 MIN. 1). The objective of this well is, to add more
0.50 P B/OFF & L/DN 7" NAPESCO PPI PKRS ASSY. perforations in top of MO, stimulate, replace the
2.00 P P/UP, B/OFF & L/D KELLY , SWIVEL AND RAT HOLE. failed ESP and to recomplete with ESP with 'Y' tool.
8.50 P HPJSM. P/U & M/U & RIH SCHLUMBER-ESP (REDA) 538 series 2). R/UP BPV LUBRICATOT AT MN-100. P/TEST LUB AT 1000
S8000N, 52 stages ESP with ‘Y’ tool (Blanking plug PSI, OK. & RETRIEVE 3" BPV FROM TBG HGR. R/DN LUB &
installed on the by-pass side) W/MOTOR 562 MAX F083, SECURE WELL.
250 HP, (2225.7 Volts, 67.7 A) AND MULTI SENSORS XT-1 3). SPUD WELL MN-0168 AT 17:30 HRS ON DATE:
UNIT W/WELL HEAD PRESSURE TRANSDUCER. MEAN WHILE 20-MAR-2013.
FILLUP HOLE WITH 10 BBL OF 8.4 PPG, FILTERED BRAKISH
WATER FOR EVERY 30 MIN. Y-TOOL OD= 8.0625'' , Y-TOOL
W/PROTECTOR OD=8.5'', CONT RIH ESP ASSY, BUT COULD NOT
GO BELOW 42'. OBS HELD UP.
FLUIDS DATA
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

BITS & MILLS DATA

CHEMICALS USED
CUM. COST 0
03/29/2013 7:35:56AM 155 1

WELL DATA
MN-0168 SP-923 31 3 2013 1 / 11 R/D LUBRICATOR & CLEAN X-MASS TREE.

PERF ZONE 1 10,050.0-10,075.0
PERF ZONE 2 -
SI, 18 5/8" X 13 3/8" X 9 5/8"

5,000.00
X 7" LINER 0.00 7.000 26.00 7,618.4 10,654.0 0.00 4.500 12.75 L-80

24.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.00

24 HOUR SUMMARY SPLICE ESP CABLE, LAND TBG HGR, TEST TBG HGR SEALS, INSTALL 1 WAY BPV, N/D BOP, N/U X-MASS TREE, REPLACE ONE WAY BPV
W/ TWCV, TEST X-MASS TREE, R/U W.F SEPARATOR, FUNCTION TEST ESP .FLUSH WF LINES & R/D WF SEPARATOR. INSTALL BPV.

1.00 P SLB ESP CREW SPLICE LOWER PIG TAIL. LAST READING, P/P: 310 PSI, PUMP RATE= 6090 BPD, W /C= 90 %,
4.3 OHMS & P/G: 2000 OHMS. MEAN WHILE FILLUP HOLE WITH SALINITY=20,000 PPM. GOR: 242. ESP DATA: CURRENT=36
10 BBL OF 8.4 PPG FILTERED BRAKISH WATER FOR EVERY 30 A, VOLTAGE=2306V, PI=2483 PSI, PD=3294 PSI, TI=166 deg
MIN. F, TM=198 deg F.
2.00 P LAND TBG HANGER , SECURE SAME WITH TIE LOCK DOWN 2.00 P FLUSH WF STREAMLINES , R/D WF TEST SEPARATOR & LINES .
SCREWS, TEST TBG HANGER BODY SEAL @ 5000 PSI , OK. SECURE WELL.SLB SHUT DOWN PUMP & DISCONNECT POWER
3.50 P HPJSM. INSTALL 1-WAY BPV & N/D BOP AND RELATED CABLE F/ WELL HEAD.
EQUIPMENTS. 1.00 P R/UP SNP LUBRICATOR & TEST AT 1000 PSI, OK, INSTALL
2.00 P N/UP 4 1/16" X-MAS TREE . TIGHT BOTTOM FLANGE BPV, R/D LUBRICATOR...INC....
BOLTS.P/T BONET FLANGE TO 5000 PSI, OK.
2.00 P R/UP SNP LUBRICATOR & TEST AT 1000 PSI, OK. RETRIEVE REMARKS:
BPV & INSTALL TWCV, PR TEST X-MAS TREE BODY AT 5000 1). The objective of this well is, to add more
PSI, OK. RETRIEVE TWCV & R/D SNP LUBRICATOR. perforations in top of MO, stimulate, replace the
2.00 P HPJSM. R/UP WF TEST SEPARATOR & SURFACE LINES. P/T failed ESP and to recomplete with ESP with 'Y' tool.
UPSTREAM LINES TO 1500 PSI, OK. & DOWN STREAM LINES TO 2). R/UP BPV LUBRICATOT AT MN-100. P/TEST LUB AT 1000
1000 PSI,OK. SLB CREW CONNECT UPPER CONNECTION OF ESP PSI, OK. & RETRIEVE 3" BPV FROM TBG HGR. R/DN LUB &
CABLE , STATIC READING PI : 2523 PSI, PD 2520 PSI, TI: SECURE WELL.
142 & TM 142 deg F, P/P 4.3 OHM, P/G 2000 OHM.. 3). SPUD WELL MN-0168 AT 17:30 HRS ON DATE:
8.50 P HPJSM. START SLB-ESP AND FUNCTION TEST ESP, FLOW TO 20-MAR-2013.
FAR PIT THROUGH W/FORD TEST SEPARATOR AND DIVERT FLOW 4). RETURNED 4 1/8" SMITH BIT NEW SN: PW8694 TO SMITH
TO GC-28 @ 20:30 HRS. CHOKE SIZE : 128 + 128, WHP = WORKSHOP ON DT : 29 MAR 2013
BOP TESTED TO 5,000.00 DATE 03/21/2013 12:00:00AM RIG SUPERVISORS FARRAG ALI / ABDULLAH
FLUIDS DATA
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

BITS & MILLS DATA

CHEMICALS USED
CUM. COST 0
03/31/2013 6:48:46AM 156 1

WELL DATA
MN-0168 SP-923 1 4 2013 1 / 12 RIG MOVE FROM MN-0168 TO MN-0173.

PERF ZONE 1 10,050.0-10,075.0
PERF ZONE 2 -
SI, 18 5/8" X 13 3/8" X 9 5/8"

5,000.00
X 7" LINER 0.00 7.000 26.00 7,618.4 10,654.0 0.00 4.500 12.75 L-80

2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00

24 HOUR SUMMARY R/D SNP LUBRICATOR, CLEAN X-MAS TREE AND CELLAR PIT. CLEAN UP WELL SITE AREA. RIG RELEASE AT 08:00 HRS ON DATE:
31-MAR-2013.

2.00 P R/D SNP LUBRICATOR, CLEAN X-MAS TREE AND CELLAR PIT.
CLEAN UP WELL SITE AREA. RIG RELEASE AT 08:00 HRS ON
DATE: 31-MAR-2013 FROM MN-0168
REMARKS:
SECURE WELL.
20-MAR-2013.
BOP TESTED TO 5,000.00 DATE 03/21/2013 12:00:00AM RIG SUPERVISORS FARRAG ALI / ABDULLAH
FLUIDS DATA
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

BITS & MILLS DATA

CHEMICALS USED
CUM. COST 0
04/01/2013 7:07:46AM 157 1

13. Safety Hazards Identification and Rectification
158
Ref: HSE-01-01
Haz-ID Working On The

Title:
Hydril Connection
If it’s not Safe, STOP THE JOB

159
Ref: HSE-01-02
Haz-ID Title: Working In The

Cellar

160
Ref: HSE-01-03
Haz-ID Title: Good Housekeeping

Of Safety Gear

161
Ref: HSE-01-04
Haz-ID Keep Cellar

Title:
Gratings In Place

162
Ref: HSE-01-05
Haz-ID Title: Working On Well

Site

163
Ref: HSE-01-06
Haz-ID Hand Signals

Title:
Working With Crane



164
Ref: HSE-01-07
Haz-ID Installation of Bolt

Title:
Type D-Shackle

165
Ref: HSE-01-08
Haz-ID Connecting Safety

Title:
Cables To Shock Hose

166
Ref: HSE-01-09
Haz-ID Title: Using Hammer

Wrench

167
Ref: HSE-02-01
Haz-ID Title: Working With

Machinery

168
Ref: HSE-02-02
Haz-ID Title: Cutting with Oxy

Torch

169
Ref: HSE-02-03
Haz-ID Title: Using Electric

Grinder

 



170
Ref: HSE-02-04
Haz-ID Title: Using Gas Cutting

Equipment



171
Ref: HSE-02-05
Haz-ID Title: Manual Handling

Lifting







172
Ref: HSE-02-06
Haz-ID Don’t Tamper With

Title:
Smoke Detectors

173
Ref: HSE-02-07
Haz-ID Title: Don’t Smoke In

Bed

174
Ref: HSE-02-08
Haz-ID Title: Protect Your Eyes

175
Ref: HSE-02-09
Haz-ID Don’t Overload

Title:
Electric Sockets

176
Ref: HSE-03-01
Haz-ID Title: Running Spiral

H.W.P

177
Ref: HSE-03-02
Haz-ID Title: Pulling Drill Pipe

Slips
 



178
Ref: HSE-03-03
Haz-ID Title: Drill Floor Stabbing

H.W.P

179
Ref: HSE-03-04
Haz-ID Using pipe Spinner

Title:
to Make up H.W.P

180
Ref: HSE-03-05
Haz-ID Title: Operating Air

Winch

181
Ref: HSE-03-06
Haz-ID Pulling Back and

Title:
Guiding Elevators


 

182
Ref HSE-03-07
Haz-ID Hand Placement

Title:
When Using Rig Tongs



183
Ref: HSE-03-08
Haz-ID Title: Rig Floor Using

D.C Slips
 

184
Ref: HSE-03-09
Haz-ID Title: Manrider Winch

Line Spooling

185
Ref: HSE-04-01
Haz-ID Pulling Drill Pipe

Title:
Up The V-Door

186
Ref: HSE-04-02
Haz-ID Title: Rig Tong Feet

Placement





187
Ref: HSE-04-03
Haz-ID Title: Pipe Spinner Hand

Placement


188
Ref: HSE-04-04
Haz-ID Pulling Drill Pipe Up

Title:
Through The V-door



189
Ref: HSE-04-05
Haz-ID Title: Picking Up Subs

On Drill Floor



190
Ref: HSE-04-06
Haz-ID Title: Tong Back Up Line

Anchor Point

191
Ref: HSE-04-07
Haz-ID Title: Rig Floor Work

Area Safety


192
Ref: HSE-04-08
Haz-ID Title: Setting Drill Pipe

Slips



193
Ref: HSE-04-09
Haz-ID Title: Working With Rig

Tongs

194
Ref: HSE-05-01
Haz-ID Cleaning Chemical

Title:
Drums On Mud Tanks



195
Ref: HSE-05-02
Haz-ID Title: Lifting Chemical

Bags

196
Ref: HSE-05-03
Haz-ID Receiving Chemical

Title:
Bags At Mix Hopper

197
Ref: HSE-05-04
Haz-ID Title: Permit To Work

198
Ref: HSE-05-05
Haz-ID Title: Tripping Hazard

199
Ref: HSE-05-06
Haz-ID Title: Electric Isolation


200
Ref: HSE-05-07
Haz-ID Title: Working At Height

201
Ref: HSE-05-08
Haz-ID Title: Tank Entry With A

Ladder

202
Ref: HSE-05-09
Haz-ID Title: Tank Cleaning

203
Ref: HSE-06-01
Haz-ID Mixing Chemicals

Title:
At Mixing Hopper



204
Ref: HSE-06-02
Haz-ID Title: Working At Shale

Shakers



205
Ref: HSE-06-03
Haz-ID Title: Grating On Mud

Tanks

206
Ref: HSE-06-04
Haz-ID Title: Improper Access

207
Ref: HSE-06-05
Haz-ID Title: Tripping Hazard

208
Ref: HSE-06-06
Haz-ID Title: Mixing Chemical

(Caustic)





209
Ref: HSE-06-07
Haz-ID Title: Missing Handrail
  



210
Ref: HSE-06-08
Haz-ID Title: Proper Work

Positioning

211
Ref: HSE-06-09
Haz-ID Title: Crude Oil Transfer

Pump Station

212
Ref: HSE-07-01
Haz-ID Climbing The

Title:
Derrick (Mast)

213
Ref: HSE-07-02
Haz-ID Working With Handtools

Title:
On The Monkey Board

214
Ref: HSE-07-03
Haz-ID Title: Using Climber

Assist

215
Ref: HSE-07-04
Haz-ID Title: Climbing The Derrick

With Hand Tools
 

216
Ref: HSE-07-05
Haz-ID Title: Racking Pipe In

The Fingers

217
Ref: HSE-07-06
Haz-ID Loading Onto

Title:
Oilfield Trucks
 

218
Ref: HSE-07-07
Haz-ID Title: Use Of Tag Lines When

Loading With Crane

219
Ref: HSE-07-08
Haz-ID Winching With

Title:
Oilfield Truck

220
Ref: HSE-07-09
Haz-ID Directing A
Title:
Reversing Truck

221
Ref: HSE-08-01
Haz-ID Mud Tank -

Title:
Cleaning Agitator





222
Ref: HSE-08-02
Haz-ID Title: Cleaning Electrical

Outlet Panel

223
Ref: HSE-08-03
Haz-ID Overloading
Title:
Electrical Outlet

224
Ref: HSE-08-04
Haz-ID Forklift
Title:
Driving over Cables

225
Ref: HSE-08-05
Haz-ID Earthing
Title:
Cable not Installed

226
Ref: HSE-08-06
Haz-ID Isolation of
Title:
Electrics Prior to Fixing

227
Ref: HSE-08-07
Haz-ID Title: Electric Cable

Repairing

228
Ref: HSE-08-08
Haz-ID Title: Permit to Work Prior

to Fixing Electrics

229
Ref: HSE-08-09
Haz-ID Lockout and Tag

Title:
Equipment Prior to Fixing

230
Ref: HSE-09-01
Haz-ID Pre-Journey
Title:
Vehicle Check



231
Ref: HSE-09-02
Haz-ID Overtaking Other

Title:
Vehicles In Dust Clouds

232
Ref: HSE-09-02
Haz-ID Overtaking At The

Title:
Junction / Inter-Section

233
Ref: HSE-09-04
Haz-ID Title: Vehicle Overtaking

At The Curve

234
Ref: HSE-009-05
Haz-ID Title: Wearing Seat Belts

235
Ref: HSE-09-06
Haz-ID Title: Jacking Up the

Vehicle

236
Ref: HSE-09-07
Haz-ID Checking The

Title:
Vehicle Battery

237
Ref: HSE-09-08
Haz-ID Title: Crane / Hiab Signal

238
Ref: HSE-09-09
Haz-ID Title: Working Under The

Trailer

239
Ref: HSE-10-01
Haz-ID Title: Picking up Casing

With Web Sling



240
Ref: HSE-10-02
Haz-ID Title: Changing Tong Jaws,

Loose Equipment


241
Ref: HSE-10-03
Haz-ID Walking Across

Title:
Rig Floor (V-Door)

242
Ref: HSE-10-04
Haz-ID Title: Setting Elevator

Slips
 



243
Ref: HSE-10-05
Haz-ID Title: Installing Casing

Tong

244
Ref: HSE-10-06
Haz-ID Title: Holding Casing

Steady

245
Ref: HSE-10-07
Haz-ID Guiding Casing

Title:
Tong Onto Casing

246
Ref: HSE-10-08
Haz-ID Holding Back On

Title:
Swinging Casing

247
Ref: HSE-10-09
Haz-ID Pickup Elevator

Title:
Slings on Rig Floor
 

248
Ref: HSE-11-01
Haz-ID Casing Tong Set

Title:
Up To Run Casing

249
Ref: HSE-11-02
Haz-ID Title: Wedging D.C. On

Pipe Racks

250
Ref: HSE-11-03
Haz-ID Title: Rolling Tubular On

Pipe Racks
 

251
Ref: HSE-11-04
Haz-ID Title: Sub Placement On

Pipe Racks

252
Ref: HSE-11-05
Haz-ID Removing Lifting

Title:
Sub From D.C.



253
Ref: HSE-11-06
Haz-ID Title: Rolling Tubular On

Pipe Racks
 

254
Ref: HSE-11-07
Haz-ID Title: D-Shackles And

Swivel Joints

255
Ref: HSE-11-08
Haz-ID Making Up Casing

Title:
With Casing Tong

256
Ref: HSE-11-09
Haz-ID Title: Using Single Joint

Elevators
 

257
Ref: HSE-12-01
Haz-ID Title: Crane Travelling

258
Ref: HSE-12-02
Haz-ID Title: Wheel Chocks

259
Ref: HSE-12-03
Haz-ID Title: Forklift Parking

260
Ref: HSE-12-04
Haz-ID Title: Moving Big Bags

With Forklift

261
Ref: HSE-12-05
Haz-ID Title: Safe Distance During

Winch Operations

262
Ref: HSE-12-06
Haz-ID Title: Transporting Big

Bags



 


263
Ref: HSE-12-07
Haz-ID Environmental
Title:
Waste Disposal
 

264
Ref: HSE-12-08
Haz-ID Title: Crane Outriggers

265
Ref: HSE-12-09
Haz-ID Title: Manual Handling
 


266
Ref: HSE-13-01
Haz-ID Title: Climbing On To

Cement Unit

267
Ref: HSE-13-02
Haz-ID Title: Cementing Unit

Parked
 
 

268
Ref: HSE-13-03
Haz-ID Title: Operating The

Pump Truck
 
 
 

269
Ref: HSE-13-04
Haz-ID Title: Pressure Testing

Cement Lines
 

 

270
Ref: HSE-13-05
Haz-ID Title: Spotter Giving

Signals

271
Ref: HSE-13-06
Haz-ID Title: Moving Big Bags

With Forklift
 



272
Ref: HSE-13-07
Haz-ID Title: Working With Mix

Hopper



273
Ref: HSE-13-08
Haz-ID Title: Standing Under

Wire Line



274
Ref: HSE-13-09
Haz-ID Title: Use Of P.P.E.

275
Ref: HSE-14-01
Haz-ID Title: Slinging Tubular

276
Ref: HSE-14-02
Haz-ID Title: Using Office Chair

277
Ref: HSE-14-03
Haz-ID Title: Protective V-Belt

Guards

278
Ref: HSE-14-04
Haz-ID Mud Pump

Title:
Protective Guard

279
Ref: HSE-14-05
Haz-ID Title: Crude Oil Transfer

Pump Station

280
Ref: HSE-14-06
Haz-ID Title: Air Compressor

Guard

281
Ref: HSE-14-07
Haz-ID Title: Walking Down The

Stairs





282
Ref: HSE-14-08
Haz-ID Title: Lifting Subs With

Crane

283
Ref: HSE-14-09
Haz-ID Tag Lines While

Title:
Working With Crane

284
Ref: HSE-15-01
Haz-ID Title: Working In High

Noise Area

285
Ref: HSE-15-02
Haz-ID Title: Cutting The Drilling

Line

286
Ref: HSE-15-03
Haz-ID Title: Repairing Butterfly

Valves

287
Ref: HSE-15-04
Haz-ID Title: Walking Under

Trailer

288
Ref: HSE-15-05
Haz-ID Title: Using Hand Tools

289
Ref: HSE-15-06
Haz-ID Title: Walking Across

Pipe Work

290
Ref: HSE-15-07
Haz-ID Title: Climbing On Top

Of Container

291
Ref: HSE-15-08
Haz-ID Title: Oil Spillage
 
 

292
Ref: HSE-15-09
Haz-ID Unsecured Load In

Title:
The Back Of Canter



293
14. Basic Drilling Calculation
294
14.1 Pressure Gradient
 Pressure gradient, psi/ft, using mud weight, ppg
psi/ft = mud weight, ppg x 0.052
Example: 12.0 ppg fluid

psi/ft = 12.0 ppg x 0.052
psi/ft = 0.624
 Convert pressure gradient, psi/ft, to mud weight, ppg

ppg = pressure gradient, psi/ft ÷ 0.052
Example: 0.4992 psi/ft

ppg = 0.4992 psi/ft ÷ 0.052
ppg = 9.6
14.2 Hydrostatic Pressure (HP)
 Hydrostatic pressure using ppg and feet as the units of measure

HP = mud weight, ppg x 0.052 x true vertical depth (TVD), ft
Example: mud weight = 13.5 ppg; true vertical depth = 12,000 ft

HP = 13.5 ppg x 0.052 x 12,000 ft
HP = 8424 psi
 Hydrostatic pressure, psi, using pressure gradient, psi/ft
HP = psi/ft x true vertical depth, ft
Example: Pressure gradient = 0.624 psi/ft; true vertical depth = 8500 ft

HP = 0.624 psi/ft x 8500 ft
HP = 5304 psi
14.3 Converting Pressure into Mud Weight
Convert pressure, psi, into mud weight, ppg using feet as the unit of
measure
mud weight, ppg = pressure, psi ÷ 0.052 ÷ TVD, ft
Example: pressure = 2600 psi; true vertical depth = 5000 ft

mud, ppg = 2600 psi ÷ 0.052 ÷ 5000 ft
mud = 10.0 ppg
14.4 Specific Gravity (SG)

 Specific gravity using mud weight, ppg
SG = mud weight, ppg ÷ 8.33
Example: 15.0 ppg fluid

295
SG = 15.0 ppg ÷ 8.33
SG = 1.8
 Convert specific gravity to mud weight, ppg
mud weight, ppg = specific gravity x 8.33
Example: specific gravity = 1.80

mud wt, ppg = 1.80 x 8.33
mud wt = 15.0 ppg
14.5 Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD), ppg

ECD, ppg = (annular pressure, loss, psi ) ÷ 0.052 ÷ TVD, ft + (mud weight, in use, ppg)
Example: annular pressure loss = 200 psi; true vertical depth = 10,000 ft
ECD, ppg = 200 psi ÷ 0.052 ÷ 10,000 ft + 9.6 ppg
ECD = 10.0 ppg
14.6 Pump Output (PO)

 Triplex Pump
2
PO, bbl/stk = 0.000243 x (liner diameter, in.) X (stroke length, in.)
Example: Determine the pump output, bbl/stk, at 100% efficiency for a 7-in, by 12-in,
triplex pump:
2
PO @ 100% = 0.000243 x 7 x 12
PO @ 100% = 0.142884 bbl/stk
Adjust the pump output for 95% efficiency: Decimal equivalent = 95 ÷ 100 = 0.95
PO @ 95% = 0.142884 bbl/stk x 0.95
PO @ 95% = 0.13574 bbl/stk
14.7 Annular Velocity (AV)

 Annular velocity (AV), ft/min
Formula 1
AV = pump output, bbl/min ÷ annular capacity, bbl/ft
Example: pump output = 12.6 bbl/min;

annular capacity = 0.126 1 bbl/ft
AV = 12.6 bbl/min ÷ 0.1261 bbl/ft
AV = 99.92 ft/min
Formula 2
2 2
AV, ft/min = (PO, bbl/min x 1029.4 )/(Dh — Dp )

hole size = 12-1/4 in;
pipe OD = 4-1/2 in.
296
AV = 12.6 bbl/min x 1029.4
2 2
12.25 — 4.5
AV = 12970.44
129.8125
AV = 99.92 ft/min
Annular velocity (AV), ft/sec

AV, ft/sec =17.16 x PO, bbl/min
2 2
Dh — Dp
pipe OD = 4-1/2 in.
AV = 17.16 x 12.6 bbl/min
2 2
12.25 — 4.5
AV = 216.216
129.8125
AV = 1.6656 ft/sec
 Pump output, gpm, required for a desired annular velocity, ft/min
2 2
Pump output, gpm = AV, ft/min (Dh — DP )
24.5
where AV = desired annular velocity, ft/min
Dh = inside diameter of casing or hole size, in.
Dp = outside diameter of pipe, tubing or collars, in.
Example: desired annular velocity = 120 ft/min;

pipe OD = 4-1/2 in.
2 2
PO = 120 (12.25 — 4.5 )
24.5
PO = 120 x 129.8125
24.5
PO = 15577.5
24.5
PO = 635.8 gpm
 Strokes per minute (SPM) required for a given annular velocity
SPM = annular velocity, ft/mm x annular capacity, bbl/ft
pump output, bbl/stk
Example. annular velocity = 120 ft/min;
annular capacity = 0.1261 bbl/ft
Dh = 12-1/4 in;
Dp = 4-1/2 in;
pump output = 0.136 bbl/stk
SPM = 120 ft/mm x 0.1261 bbl/ft
0.136 bbl/stk
SPM = 15.132
0.136
SPM = 111.3
14.8 Capacity Formulas
 Annular capacity between casing or hole and drill pipe, tubing, or

297
casing
2 2
a) Annular capacity, bbl/ft = Dh — Dp
1029.4
Example: Hole size (Dh) = 12-1/4 in;
Drill pipe OD (Dp) = 5.0 in.
2 2
Annular capacity, bbl/ft = 12.25 — 5.0
1029.4
Annular capacity = 0.12149 bbl/ft
 Annular capacity between casing and multiple strings of tubing

2 2 2
Annular capacity, bbl/ft = Dh — [(T1) + (T2) ]
1029.4
Example: Using two strings of tubing of same size:
Dh = casing — 7.0 in. — 29 lb/ft ID = 6.184 in.
T = tubing No. 1 — 2-3/8 in. OD = 2.375 in.
1
T = tubing No. 2 — 2-3/8 in. OD = 2.375 in.
2
2 2 2
Annular capacity, bbl/ft = 6.184 — (2.375 +2.375 )
1029.4
Annular capacity, bbl/ft = 38.24 — 11.28
1029.4
Annular capacity = 0.02619 bbl/ft
 Capacity of tubulars and open hole: drill pipe, drill collars, tubing,
casing, hole, and any cylindrical object
2
a) Capacity, bbl/ft = ID in.
1029.4
Example: Determine the capacity, bbl/ft, of a 12-1/4 in. hole:
2
Capacity, bbl/ft = ID in
1029.4
Example: Determine the capacity, bbl/ft, of a 12-1/4 in. hole:
2
Capacity, bbl/ft = 12 25
1029.4
Capacity = 0. 1457766 bbl/ft
14.9 Buoyancy Factor (BF)
298
14.10 Hydrostatic Pressure (HP) Decrease When POOH
When pulling DRY pipe

Step 1 Barrels = number of X average length X pipe displacement
stands pulled per stand, ft displaced bbl/ft
Step 2
HP psi decrease = barrels displaced x 0.052 x mud weight, ppg
(casing capacity — pipe displacement)
bbl/ft bbl/ft
Example: Determine the hydrostatic pressure decrease when pulling DRY pipe out
of the hole:
Number of stands pulled = 5
Average length per stand = 92 ft
Pipe displacement = 0.0075 bbl/ft
Casing capacity = 0.0773 bbl/ft
Mud weight = 11.5 ppg
Step 1
Barrels displaced = 5 stands x 92 ft/std x 0.0075 bbl/ft displaced
Barrels displaced = 3.45
Step 2
HP, psi decrease = 3.45 barrels x 0.052 x 11.5 ppg
(0.0773 bbl/ft — 0.0075 bbl/ft )
0.0698
HP decrease = 29.56 psi
When pulling WET pipe
Example: Determine the hydrostatic pressure decrease when pulling WET pipe out of the
hole:
Number of stands pulled = 5 Pipe displacement = 0.0075 bbl/ft
Average length per stand = 92 ft Pipe capacity = 0.01776 bbl/ft
Mud weight = 11.5 ppg Casing capacity = 0.0773 bbl/ft
Step 1
Barrels displaced = 5 stands x 92 ft/std x (.0075 bbl/ft + 0.01776 bbl/ft)
Barrels displaced = 11.6196
Step 2
299
(0.0773 bbl/ft) — (0.0075 bbl/ft + 0.01776 bbl/ft)
HP, psi decrease = 11.6196 x 0.052 x 11.5 ppg
0.05204
HP decrease = 133.52 psi
14.11 Drill Pipe/Drill Collar Calculations

Capacities, bbl/ft, displacement, bbl/ft, and weight, lb/ft, can be
calculated from the following formulas:
2
Capacity, bbl/ft = ID, in.
1029.4
2 2
Displacement, bbl/ft = OD, in. —ID, in.
1029.4
Weight, lb/ft = displacement, bbl/ft x 2747 lb/bbl
Example: Determine the capacity, bbl/ft, displacement, bbl/ft, and weight, lb/ft, for the
following:
Drill collar OD = 8.0 in; Drill collar ID = 2-13/16 in.
Convert 13/16 to decimal equivalent: 13 : 16 = 0.8125

2
a) Capacity, bbl/ft = 2.8125
1029.4
Capacity = 0.007684 bbl/ft
2 2
b) Displacement, bbl/ft = 8.0 — 2.8125
1029.4
Displacement, bbl/ft = 56.089844
1029.4
Displacement = 0.0544879 bbl/ft
c) Weight, lb/ft = 0.0544879 bbl/ft x 2747 lb/bbl
Weight = 149.678 lb/ft
14.12 Volumes and Strokes

 Drill string volume, barrels
2
Barrels = ID, in. x pipe length
1029.4
 Annular volume, barrels

2 2
Barrels = Dh, in. — Dp, in.
1029.4
 Strokes to displace: drill string, Kelly to shale shaker and Strokes
annulus, and total circulation from Kelly to shale shaker.
Strokes = barrels ÷ pump output, bbl/stk
Example: Determine volumes and strokes for the following:
Drill pipe — 5.0 in. — 19.5 lb/f, Inside diameter = 4.276 in.; Length = 9400 ft ;
Drill collars — 8.0 in. OD; Inside diameter = 3.0 in; Length = 600 ft ;
Casing — 13-3/8 in. — 54.5 lb/f; Inside diameter = 12.615 in.; Setting depth = 4500 ft
Pump data — 7 in. by 12 in. triplex; Efficiency = 95%; Pump output = 0.136 @ 95%
Hole size = 12-1/4 in.
 Drill string volume
300
2
a) Drill pipe volume, bbl: Barrels = 4.276 x 9400 ft
1029.4
Barrels = 0.01776 x 9400 ft
Barrels = 166.94
2
b) Drill collar volume, bbl: Barrels = 3.0 x 600 ft
1029.4
Barrels = 0.0087 x 600 ft
Barrels = 5.24
c) Total drill string volume, bbl = 166.94 bbl + 5.24 bbl
Total drill string vol. = 172.18 bbl
 Annular volume
2 2
a) Drill collar / open hole: Barrels = 12.25 — 8.0 x 600 ft
1029.4
Barrels = 0.0836 x 600 ft
Barrels = 50.16
2 2
b) Drill pipe / open hole: Barrels = 12.25 — 5.0 x 4900 ft
1029.4
Barrels = 0.12149 x 4900 ft
Barrels = 595.3
2 2
c) Drill pipe / cased hole: Barrels = 12.615 — 5.0 x 4500 ft
1029.4
Barrels = 0.130307 x 4500 ft
Barrels = 586.38
d) Total annular volume: Total annular vol. = 50.16 + 595.3 + 586.38
Total annular vol. = 1231.84 barrels
 Strokes
a) Surface to bit strokes: Strokes = drill string volume, bbl ÷ pump output, bbl/stk
Surface to bit strokes = 172.18 bbl ÷ 0.136 bbl/stk
Surface to bit strokes = 1266
b) Bit to surface (or bottoms-up strokes):
Strokes = annular volume, bbl ÷ pump output, bbl/stk
Bit to surface strokes = 1231.84 bbl ÷ 0.136 bbl/stk
Bit to surface strokes = 9058
c) Total strokes required to pump from the Kelly to the shale shaker:
Strokes = (drill string vol., bbl + annular vol., bbl) ÷ pump output, bbl/stk
Total strokes = (172.16 + 1231.84) ÷ 0.136
Total strokes = 1404 ÷ 0.136
Total strokes = 10,324
14.13 Slug Calculations

Barrels of slug required for a desired length of dry pipe
Step 1 Hydrostatic pressure required to give desired drop inside drill pipe:
HP, psi = mud wt, ppg x 0.052 x ft of dry pipe
Step 2 Difference in pressure gradient between slug weight and mud weight:
psi/ft = (slug wt, ppg — mud wt, ppg) x 0.052
Step 3 Length of slug in drill pipe:
Slug length, ft = pressure, psi ÷ difference in pressure gradient, psi/ft
Step 4 Volume of slug, barrels:
Slug vol., bbl = slug length, ft x drill pipe capacity, bbl/ft
301
Example: Determine the barrels of slug required for the following:
Desired length of dry pipe (2 stands) = 184 ft; Mud weight = 12.2 ppg
Drill pipe capacity 4-1/2 in. — 16.6 lb/ft ; capacity= 0.01422 bbl/ft; Slug weight = 13.2 ppg
Step 1 Hydrostatic pressure required:
HP, psi = 12.2 ppg x 0.052 x 184 ft
HP = 117 psi
Step 2 Difference in pressure gradient, psi/ft:
psi/ft = (13.2 ppg — 12.2 ppg) x 0.052
psi/ft = 0.052
Step 3 Length of slug in drill pipe, ft:
Slug length, ft = 117 psi : 0.052
Slug length = 2250 ft
Step 4 Volume of slug, bbl:
Slug vol., bbl = 2250 ft x 0.01422 bbl/ft
Slug vol. = 32.0 bbl
 Volume, height, and pressure gained because of slug:

a) Volume gained in mud pits after slug is pumped, due to U-tubing:
Vol., bbl = ft of dry pipe x drill pipe capacity, bbl/ft
b) Height, ft, that the slug would occupy in annulus:
Height, ft = annulus vol., ft/bbl x slug vol., bbl
c) Hydrostatic pressure gained in annulus because of slug:
HP, psi = height of slug in annulus, ft X difference in gradient, psi/ft between
slug wt and mud wt
Example: Feet of dry pipe (2 stands) = 184 ft; Slug volume = 32.4 bbl
Slug weight = 13.2 ppg; Mud weight = 12.2 ppg
Drill pipe capacity ( 4-1/2 in. 16.6 lb/ft) = 0.01422 bbl/ft
Annulus volume (8-1/2 in. by 4-1/2 in.) = 19.8 ft/bbl
a) Volume gained in mud pits after slug is pumped due to U-tubing:
Vol., bbl = 184 ft x 0.01422 bbl/ft
Vol. = 2.62 bbl
b) Height, ft, that the slug would occupy in the annulus:
Height, ft = 19.8 ft/bbl x 32.4 bbl
Height = 641.5 ft
c) Hydrostatic pressure gained in annulus because of slug:
HP, psi = 641.5 ft x (13.2 — 12.2) x 0.052
HP, psi = 641.5 ft x 0.052
HP = 33.4 psi
14.14 Accumulator Capacity — Usable Volume Per Bottle

Usable Volume Per Bottle
NOTE: The following will be used as guidelines: Volume per bottle = 10 gal
Pre-charge pressure = 1000 psi; Maximum pressure = 3000 psi
Minimum pressure remaining after activation = 1200 psi
Pressure gradient of hydraulic fluid = 0.445 psi/ft
Boyle’s Law for ideal gases will be adjusted and used as follows:
P V =P V
1 1 2 2
Surface Application
Step 1 Determine hydraulic fluid necessary to increase pressure from pre-charge to
302
minimum:
P V =P V
1 1 2 2
1000 psi x 10 gal = 1200 psi x V
2
10,000 = V2
1200
V = 8.33 The nitrogen has been compressed from 10.0 gal to 8.33 gal.
2
10.0 — 8.33 = 1.67 gal of hydraulic fluid per bottle.
NOTE: This is dead hydraulic fluid. The pressure must not drop below this minimum value.
Step 2 Determine hydraulic fluid necessary to increase pressure from pre-charge to
maximum:
P V =P V
1 1 2 2
1000 psi x 10 gals = 3000 psi x V
2
10,000 = V
2
3000
V = 3.33 The nitrogen has been compressed from 10 gal to 3.33 gal.
2
10.0 — 3.33 = 6.67 gal of hydraulic fluid per bottle.
Step 3 Determine usable volume per bottle:
Useable vol./bottle = Total hydraulic fluid/bottle — Dead hydraulic fluid/bottle
Useable vol./bottle = 6.67 — 1.67
Useable vol./bottle = 5.0 gallons
14.15 Stuck Pipe Calculations

Determine the feet of free pipe and the free point constant
Method 1
The depth at which the pipe is stuck and the number of feet of free pipe can be estimated by the
drill pipe stretch table below and the following formula.
Table 2-2
Drill Pipe Stretch Table
ID, in. Nominal Weight, lb/ft ID, in. Wall Stretch Free
Area,sq Constant Point
in. in/1000 lb constant
/1000 ft
2-3/8 4.85 1.995 1.304 0.30675 3260.0

1.815 1.843 0.21704 4607.7
6.65
2-7/8 6.85 2.241 1.812 0.22075 4530.0
10.40 2.151 2.858 0.13996 7145.0
3-1/2 9.50 2.992 2.590 0.15444 6475.0
13.30 2.764 3.621 0.11047 9052.5
15.50 2.602 4.304 0.09294 10760.0
4.0 11.85 3.476 3.077 0.13000 7692.5
14.00 3.340 3.805 0.10512 9512.5
4-1/2 13.75 3.958 3.600 0.11111 9000.0
16.60 3.826 4.407 0.09076 11017.5
18.10 3.754 4.836 0.08271 12090.0
20.00 3.640 5.498 0.07275 13745.0
303
5.0 16.25 4.408 4.374 0.09145 10935.0
19.50 4.276 5.275 0.07583 13187.5
5-1/2 21.90 4.778 5.828 0.06863 14570.0
24.70 4.670 6.630 0.06033 16575.0
6-5/8 25.20 5.965 6.526 0.06129 16315.0
Feet of free pipe = stretch, in. x free point constant

pull force in thousands of pounds
Example: 3-1/2 in. ,13.30 lb/ft drill pipe; 20 in. of stretch with 35,000 lb of pull force
From drill pipe stretch table: Free point constant = 9052.5 for 3-1/2 in. drill pipe 13.30 lb/ft
Feet of free pipe = 20 in. x 9052.5
35
Feet of free pipe = 5173 ft
Determine free point constant (FPC)

The free point constant can be determined for any type of steel drill pipe if the outside diameter,
in., and inside diameter, in., are known:
FPC = As x 2500
where: As = pipe wall cross sectional area, sq in.
Example 1: From the drill pipe stretch table: 4-1/2 in. drill pipe 16.6 lb/ft — ID = 3.826 in.
FPC = (452 — 3.8262 x 0.7854) x 2500
FPC = 4.407 x 2500
FPC = 11,017.5
Example 2: Determine the free point constant and the depth the pipe is stuck using the
following data:
2-3/8 in. tubing — 6.5 lb/ft — ID = 2.441 in. 25 in. of stretch with 20,000 lb of pull force
a) Determine free point constant (FPC):
2 2
FPC = (2.875 — 2.441 x 0.7854) x 2500
FPC = 1.820 x 2500
FPC = 4530
b) Determine the depth of stuck pipe:

Feet of free pipe = 25 in. x 4530
20 Feet
Feet of free pipe = 5663 ft
Method 2
Free pipe, ft = 735,294 x e x Wdp
differential pull, lb
where e = pipe stretch, in.
Wdp = drill pipe weight, lb/ft (plain end)
Plain end weight, lb/ft, is the weight of drill pipe excluding tool joints:
2 2
Weight, lb/ft = 2.67 x pipe OD, in. — pipe; ID, in.
Example: Determine the feet of free pipe using the following data:
5.0 in. drill pipe; ID — 4.276 in.; 19.5 lb/ft
Differential stretch of pipe = 24 in.
Differential pull to obtain stretch = 30,000 lb
2 2
Weight, lb/ft = 2.67 x (5.0 — 4.276 )
304
Weight = 17.93 lb/ft
Free pipe, ft = 735,294 x 24 x 17.93
30,000
Free pipe = 10,547 ft
305
14.16 APPENDIX A
Table A-1
CAPACITY AND DISPLACEMENT
(English System)
DRILL PIPE Size OD Size ID WEIGHT CAPACITY DISPLA

CEMEN
in. in. lb/ft bbl/ft
T
bbl/ft
2-3/8 1.815 6.65 0.01730 0.00320
2-7/8 2.150 10.40 0.00449 0.00354
3-1/2 2.764 13.30 0.00742 0.00448
3-1/2 2.602 15.50 0.00658 0.00532
4 3.340 14.00 0.01084 0.00471
4-1/2 3.826 16.60 0.01422 0.00545
4-1/2 3.640 20.00 0.01287 0.00680
5 4.276 19.50 0.01766 0.00652
5 4.214 20.50 0.01730 0.00704
5-1/2 4.778 21.90 0.02218 0.00721
5-1/2 4.670 24.70 0.02119 0.00820
5-9/16 4.859 22.20 0.02294 0.00712
6-5/8 5.9625 25.20 0.03456 0.00807
Table A-2 HEAVY WEIGHT DRILL PIPE AND DISPLACEMENT
Size OD Size ID WEIGHT CAPACIT DISPLACE

Y MENT
in. in. lb/ft
bbl/ft bbl/ft
3-1/2 2.0625 25.3 0.00421 0.00921
4 2.25625 29.7 0.00645 0.01082
4-1/2 2.75 41.0 0.00743 0.01493
5 3.0 49.3 0.00883 0.01796
306
14.17 APPENDIX B
Conversion Factors TO CONVERT FROM TO MULTIPLY BY
Area
Square inches Square centimetres 6.45

Square inches Square millimetres 645+2
Square centimetres Square inches 0.155
-3
Square millimetres Square inches 1.55 x 10
Circulation Rate
Barrels/min Gallons/min 42.0
-4
Cubic feet/min Cubic meters/sec 4.72 x 10
Cubic feet/min Gallons/min 7.48
Cubic feel/mm Litres/min 28.32
Cubic meters/sec Gallons/min 15850
Cubic meters/sec Cubic feet/min 2118
Cubic meters/sec Litres/min 60000
Gallons/min Barrels/ruin 0.0238
Gallons/min Cubic feet/min 0.134
Gallons/min Litres/min 3.79
-5
Gallons/min Cubic meters/sec 6.309 x 10
-5
Litres/min Cubic meters/sec 1.667 x 10
Litres/min Cubic feet/min 0.0353
Litres/min Gallons/min 0.264
Impact Force
-5
Pounds Dynes 4.45 x 10
Pounds Kilograms 0.454
Pounds Newtons 4.448
-6
Dynes Pounds 2.25 x 10
Inches Centimetres 2.54
Centimetres Inches 0.394
Millimetres Inches 0.03937
Meters Feet 3.281
Mud Weight
Pounds/gallon Pounds/cu ft 7.48
Pounds/gallon Specific gravity 0.120
Pounds/gallon Grams/cu cm 0.1198
Grams/cu cm Pounds/gallon 8.347
307
Pounds/cu ft Pounds/gallon 0.134
Specific gravity Pounds/gallon 8.34
Power
Horsepower Horsepower (metric) 1.014
Horsepower Kilowatts 0.746
Horsepower Foot pounds/sec 550
Horsepower (metric) Horsepower 0.986
Horsepower (metric) Foot pounds/sec 542.5
Kilowatts Horsepower 1.341
Foot pounds/sec Horsepower 0.00181
Pressure
Atmospheres Pounds/sq. in. 14.696
Atmospheres Kgs/sq. cm 1.033
5
Atmospheres Pascals 1.013 x 10
Kilograms/sq. cm Atmospheres 0.9678
Kilograms/sq. cm Pounds/sq. in. 14.223
Kilograms/sq. cm Atmospheres 0.9678
Pounds/sq. in. Atmospheres 0.680
Pounds/sq. in. Kgs/sq. cm 0.0703
-3
Pounds/sq. in. Pascals 6.894 x 10
Volume
Barrels Gallons 42
-3
Cubic centimetres Cubic feet 3.531 x 10
Cubic centimetres Cubic inches 0.06102
-6
Cubic centimetres Cubic meters 10
-4
Cubic centimetres Gallons 2.642 x l0
Cubic centimetres Litters 0.001
Cubic feet Cubic centimetres 28320
Cubic feet Cubic inches 1728
Cubic feet Cubic meters 0.02832
Cubic feet Gallons 7.48
Cubic feet Litters 28.32
Cubic inches Cubic centimetres 16.39
-4
Cubic inches Cubic feet 5.787 x 10
-5
Cubic inches Cubic meters 1.639 x 10
-3
Cubic inches Gallons 4.329 x 10
Cubic inches Litres 0.01639
6
Cubic meters Cubic centimetres 10
Cubic meters Cubic feet 35.31
Cubic meters Gallons 264.2
Gallons Barrels 0.0238
Gallons Cubic centimetres 3785
Gallons Cubic feet 0.1337
308
Gallons Cubic inches 231
-4
Gallons Cubic meters 3.785 x 10
Gallons Litres 3.785
Weight
-4
Pounds Tons (metric) 4.535 x 10
Tons (metric) Pounds 2205
Tons (metric) Kilograms 1000
309
15. Drill String & Stuck Pipe Basis
(Only For Key Personnel)
310
15.1 Drill String Basics
Upon completion of this section you will be able to:
• Explain how drill pipe grades define the yield strength and tensile strength of
steel.
• Explain how drill pipe is classified.
• Calculate total yield strength for a specific grade/class of drill pipe.
• Explain the effects of buoyancy on the drillstring.
• Calculate the buoyed weight (or hookload) in a vertical hole.
• Explain the causes of varying hookload during the drilling process.
• Explain overpull and calculate the maximum permitted pull.
• Calculate required BHA air weight for applications where drill pipe is to be
run in compression.
• Calculate critical buckling force and explain the factors involved when
running drill pipe in compression.
• Explain causes and effects of sinusoidal and helical buckling.
Introduction
Drill pipe and collars are designed to satisfy certain operational requirements.
In general, downhole tubulars must have the capability to withstand the
maximum expected hookload, torque, bending stresses, internal pressure,
and external collapse pressure. Operational capabilities of different sizes and
grades of drill pipe and collars are tabulated in the API RP 7G to assist the
drilling engineer in selection of pipe and collars for a given drilling situation.
Other concerns, such as the such as the presence of H2S, must also be
considered in the selection process.
Drill Pipe Yield Strength and Tensile Strength
311
If drill pipe is stretched, it will initially go through a region of elastic deformation.
In this region, if the stretching force is removed, the drill pipe will return to its
original dimensions. The upper limit of this elastic deformation is called the
Yield Strength, which can be measured in psi. Beyond this, there exists a
region of plastic deformation. In this region, the drill pipe becomes
permanently elongated, even when the stretching force is removed. The upper
limit of plastic deformation is called the Tensile Strength. If the tensile
strength is exceeded, the drill pipe will fail.
Tension failures generally occur while pulling on stuck drill pipe. As the pull
exceeds the yield strength, the metal distorts with a characteristic thinning in
the weakest area of the drill pipe (or the smallest cross sectional area). If the
pull is increased and exceeds the tensile strength, the drillstring will part. Such
failures will normally occur near the top of the drillstring, because the top of the
string is subjected to the upward pulling force as well as the downward weight
of the drillstring.
Drill Pipe Grades
There are four common grades of drill pipe which define the yield strength and
tensile strength of the steel being used.
Grade E, composed of a lower grade of steel, is sometimes referred to as

“mild” steel, because it has the lowest yield strength per unit area. As such,
mild steel is generally defined as steel with a yield strength of less than 80,000
psi. As can be seen, Grade E drill pipe has a lower yield strength in psi than
the high strength drill pipe grades, however once the yield strength is
exceeded, it can withstand a greater percentage of stretch or “strain” prior to
parting. Lower grades of steel such as Grade E are also more resistant to
corrosion and cracking. Grade E has been utilized in medium depth wells
(10,000 to 15,000 feet).
In the 1980's, as horizontal drilling, high inclination extended reach wells and
deep hole drilling applications increased, so has the demand for high strength
312
drill pipe. It is common in deep hole applications for high strength drill pipe to
be utilized in the upper portion of the string to keep the tension load within the
capabilities of the steel. In high dogleg environments, such as those
encountered in medium and short radius horizontal wells, high strength drill
pipe can withstand the associated bending stresses. In high inclination and
horizontal wells, high strength drill pipe is also commonly run in compression.
One drawback of higher grades of steel is that they are generally less resistant
to corrosion, like that caused by hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Limited availability
also contributes to the higher cost.
The yield and tensile strengths are in “pounds per square inch of the cross
sectional area” of the drill pipe. In order to calculate yield strength in pounds,
this cross sectional area must be known. This leads to a discussion of drill
pipe classes.
Drill Pipe Classification
Drill pipe class defines the physical condition of the drill pipe in terms of
dimension, surface damage, and corrosion. Drill pipe class is indicated by
paint bands on the drill pipe according to the following code:
Class 1 drill pipe is New and therefore the strongest. As pipe is used, the wall
thickness will be gradually reduced. This reduction of the drill pipe cross
sectional area results in a lower Total Yield Strength in pounds.
This yield strength in pounds can be calculated using the following formula:
313
YIELD STRENGTH = Yield Strength x p/4 (OD2 - ID2)
(in pounds)(in psi)
Example 4.1
5" grade G-105, class 1 (new) drill pipe has a nominal weight of 19.5 Ib/ft
and an ID of 4.276” ...therefore:
Minimum Yield Strength in pounds= 105,000 x p/4 x (52 - 4.2762)
= 553,833 lbs.
This same information can be found in the API RP 7G. This publication
contains data on the properties of drill pipe and tool joints for all common sizes
in classes 1 (New), Premium, 2 and 3 in the four common grades. Of interest
is information listed in “New Drill Pipe Torsional and Tensile Data” (Table 2.2).
The data on torsional yield states the maximum twisting force (torque) in foot
pounds the drill pipe can withstand before permanent damage can occur. Data
on tensile yield refers to the maximum stretch force (yield strength) in pounds
that the pipe can withstand before plastic or permanent deformation occurs.
Tool Joints
Tool joints are short sections of pipe that are attached to the tubing portion of
drill pipe by means of using a flash welding process. The internally threaded
tool joint is called a “box”, while the externally threaded tool joint if the “pin”.
API specifications also apply to tool joints:
• Minimum Yield Strength = 120,000 psi
• Minimum Tensile Strength = 140,000 psi
Because tool joints are added to drillpipe, the weight of given to pipe in many
tables is the “nominal weight”. The exact weight will require adding the weight
of the tool joints to the tubing portion. Since two joints do not weigh the same,
it is difficult to determine the weight of a joint of drillpipe and so an
“approximate weight” is used in many calculations.
The tool joints on drill pipe may contain internal and/or external upsets. An
upset is a decrease in the ID and/or an increase in the OD of the pipe which is
used to strengthen the weld between the pipe and the tool joint. It is important
to note that under tension, the tool joint is stronger than the tubular.
314
Make-Up Torque
Part of the strength of the drillstring and the seal for the fluid conduit are both
contained in the tool joints. It is very important therefore, that the correct
make-up torque is applied to the tool joints. If a tool joint is not torqued enough,
bending between the box and pin could cause premature failure. Also, the
shoulder seal may not be properly seated, resulting in mud leaking through the
tool joint, causing a washout. Exceeding the torsional yield strength of the
connection by applying too much torque to the tool joint could cause the
shoulders to bevel outward or the pin to break off the box. Recommended
make up torques for drill pipe and tool joints are listed in the API RP 7G.
315
15.2 Buoyancy & Hookload
Introduction
Drillstrings weigh less in weighted fluids than in air due to a fluid property
known as buoyancy. Therefore, what is seen as the hookload is actually the
buoyed weight of the drillstring. Archimedes’ principle states that the buoy
force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Another way of saying this is
that a buoy force is equal to the pressure at the bottom of the string multiplied
by the cross sectional area of the tubular. This is due to the fact that the force
of buoyancy is not a body force such as gravity, but a surface force.
For example, the buoy force exerted on 7.5-inch x 2-inch drill collars in a 700 ft
vertical hole with 12 ppg mud would be 17,925 pounds.
Buoy Force = Pressure x Area
Hydrostatic Pressure = 0.0519 x MW x TVD

= 0.0519 x (12) x (700)
= 436.8 psi
Cross Sectional Area = p/4 x (OD2 - ID2)
= p/4 x (7.52 - 22)
= p/4 x (56.25 - 4)
= 41.04 in2
Buoy Force = 436.8 x 41.04
= 17,924.99 pounds
By looking at the API RP 7G it can be determined that the air weight of

these 7.5-inch drill collars is 139 pounds per foot. If we have 700 feet of
collars, the total air weight would be 97,300 pounds.
Total Air Weight = weight per foot x length
= 139 x 700
= 97,300 pounds
The buoyed weight of the collars, or the Hookload, is equal to the air
weight minus the buoy force.
Hookload = Air Weight - Buoy Force
= 97,300- 17,925
= 79,375 pounds
316
This method for determining the buoyed weight is not normally used. Instead,
the following formula, which incorporates a buoyancy factor, is used and
recommended by the API.
MW=Mud Density (ppg)
Hookload = Air Weight x Buoyancy Factor
= 97,300 x 0.817
= 79,494 pounds
Buoyancy Factors rounded off to three places can also be found in the API
RP 7G (Table 2.13).
Note: The formula above for hookload does not take into account axial drag.
Hookload, as determined in the formula above is the approximate static
surface hookload that would be displayed by the weight indicator in a vertical
hole with no drag, excluding the weight of the traveling block, drill line etc.
In practice, hookload will vary due to motion and hole drag. Pick-Up Load
refers to the hookload when pulling the drillstring upwards. The highest
hookload normally encountered will be when attempting to pick up the string.
Slack-Off Load refers to the hookload when lowering the drillstring. Drag Load
refers to the hookload when drilling in the oriented mode. Other references to
hookload are Rotating Off-Bottom Load and (rotary) Drilling Load.
Overpull
In tight holes or stuck pipe situations, the operator must know how much
additional tension, or pull, can be applied to the string before exceeding the
yield strength of the drill pipe. This is known as Overpull, since it is the pull
force over the weight of the string. For example, in a vertical hole with 12 ppg
mud, a drillstring consists of 600 feet of 7.25-inch x 2.25-inch drill collars and
6,000 ft of 5-inch, New Grade E drill pipe with a nominal weight of 19.5 lbs/ft
and an approximate weight of 20.89 lbs/ft.
317
First, the hookload is determined
Hookload = Air Weight x Buoyancy Factor
= [(6,000 x 20.89) + (600 x 127)] 0.817
= 164,658 pounds
Referring to the API RP 7G, the yield strength in pounds for this grade, class,
size and nominal weight of drill pipe is 395,595 pounds. Therefore:
Maximum Overpull = Yield Strength In Pounds - Hookload
= 395,595 - 164,658
= 230,937 pounds
The operator can pull 230,937 pounds over the hookload before reaching the
limit of elastic deformation (yield strength). Obviously, as depth increases,
hookload increases, at a certain depth the hookload will equal the yield
strength (in pounds) for the drill pipe in use. This depth can be thought of as
the maximum depth that can be reached without causing permanent
elongation of the drill pipe (disregarding hole drag as a consideration).
Practically, an operator would never intend to reach this limit. A considerable
safety factor is always included to allow for overpull caused by expected hole
drag, tight hole conditions or a stuck drillstring.
In practice, selection of the drill pipe grade is based upon predicted values of
pick-up load. For a directional well, the prediction of pick-up load is best
obtained using a Torque and Drag program, as well as including the capacity
for overpull. Some operators include an additional safety factor by basing their
calculations on 90% of the yield strength values quoted in API RP7G.
Example
For a horizontal well proposal, the maximum tensile loads have been
calculated using a Torque and Drag program assuming that 5-inch drill pipe
will be used. In the 8.5-inch hole section, the anticipated loads at the end of
the build and at TD of the horizontal section are:
318
Using 90% of the yield strengths quoted in RP7G and including a margin of
100,000 lbs overpull, the maximum tensile loads which can be applied to
5-inch, 19.5 lbs/ft, API class 2 drill pipe (worst case) are:
In this worst case scenario, it can be seen that E75 drill pipe has a low tensile
yield strength for both the curve and the horizontal sections. The
recommendation made to the client would be that X95, 19.5 lbs/ft, 5-inch drill
pipe of premium class should be used.
Maximum Hookload When Two Grades Of Drill Pipe Are Used
When two grades of drill pipe are used, the higher grade (i.e. the pipe with the
higher load capacity) is placed above the lower grade pipe. The maximum
tension to which the top joint can be subjected is based on the yield strength
of the higher grade of pipe. Calculations similar to those already dealt with
may be used to determine the maximum length of both grades of pipe.
Another consideration is the maximum hookload which can be applied when

only a few stands of the higher grade pipe have been added. Provided the
higher grade pipe is in the vertical section, maximum hookload (pickup load) is
calculated as the yield strength of the lower grade of pipe PLUS the “air
weight” of the higher grade pipe. This is because the surface hookload
includes the weight of the higher grade pipe; but that weight (since it is
supported from the surface) does not act on the top joint of lower grade pipe.
Maximum Hookload = Yield Strength Of Lower Grade Pipe + Weight Of Higher

Grade Pipe
When a sufficient length of higher grade pipe has been added, the limiting
condition will become the yield strength of the higher grade pipe.
The air weight of the higher grade pipe is used because the buoy force acting
on the drillstring is acting on the bit and components of the BHA. The
hydrostatic pressure which the mud exerts on the drill pipe in the upper
(vertical) section of the hole does not create a resultant force acting upwards.
Example
319
A directional well has been drilled vertically to the kick-off point at 3,000 ft.
Premium class, 5-inch grade E drill pipe (nominal weight 19.5 lbs/ft) is used
until a certain depth is reached, and from that point the pipe used is premium
class 5-inch grade X95, nominal weight 19.5 lbs/ft.
Calculate the maximum permitted hookload when all the pipe above the
kick-off point is X95.
Solution
From API RP7G, the actual weight of 5-inch NC50 grade X95 pipe (nominal
weight 19.5 lbs/ft) is 21.92 lbs./ft.
Weight of 3,000 ft of X95 pipe = 65,760 lbs
Yield strength of 5 grade E pipe = 311,535 lbs
90% of yield strength = 280,380
maximum permitted hookload= (280,380 + 65,760) lbs
i.e. approx. = 346,000 lbs
(For comparison, the yield strength of the X95 pipe is 394,612 lbs. and 90% of
that value is approximately 355,000 lbs.)
Higher Grade Pipe In The Inclined Section Of The Well
The previous discussion was restricted to the simple case when the higher
grade pipe is totally in the vertical portion of the well. If the higher grade pipe is
used through a build-up section, the calculation becomes more difficult. A
rough approximation could be obtained by treating each stand length as a
straight section of hole and using the average inclination of that course length.
The weight this exerts along the borehole is found from:
Weight acting along borehole = weight of stand x cos (ave. inc.)
This, however, ignores drag which may be significant.
Similarly, for an inclined section of the well where the inclination is constant,
the weight acting along hole will be the air-weight of the pipe multiplied by the
cosine of the average inclination. Notice again that in this particular calculation
we do not use a buoyancy factor. This is because although the entire drillstring
is subject to a buoyancy force, that force is acting on the lower portion of the
string and affects the weight pulling down on the top joint of lower grade pipe
from below, but not the weight of the joints of higher grade pipe at the top of
the string.
320
It must be emphasized that if a higher grade pipe extends below the vertical
part of the well, then an accurate analysis of the axial stresses requires the
use of “Torque and Drag” programs.
BHA Weight & Weight-On-Bit
One important consideration in designing the BHA is determining the number

of drill collars and heavy-weight pipe required to provide the desired
weight-on-bit. When drilling vertical wells, standard practice is to avoid putting
ordinary drill pipe into compression (recommended by Lubinski in 1950). This
is achieved by making sure that the “buoyed weight” of the drill collars and
heavy-weight pipe exceed the maximum weight-on-bit. This practice has also
been adopted on low inclination, directionally drilled wells.
In other types of directional wells, it must be remembered that since gravity

acts vertically, only the weight of the “along-hole” component of the BHA
elements will contribute to the weight-on-bit. The problem this creates is that if
high WOB is required when drilling a high inclination borehole, a long (and
expensive) BHA would be needed to prevent putting the drillpipe into
compression. However, for these high inclination wells, it is common practice
to use about the same BHA weight as used on low inclination wells.
On highly deviated wells, operators have been running drillpipe in

compression for years. Analysis of drillpipe buckling in inclined wells, by a
number of researchers (most notably Dawson and Paslay), has shown that
drillpipe can tolerate significant levels of compression in small diameter, high
inclination boreholes. This is because of the support provided by the
“low-side” of the borehole.
Drillpipe is always run in compression in horizontal wells, without apparently

causing damage to the drillpipe.
321
15.3 Stuck Pipe
Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to:
• Understand the importance of preventing stuck pipe.
• Understand how the various forms of stuck pipe can be prevented.
• Recognize the indications of stuck pipe.
• Calculate the pulling force required to free stuck pipe.
• Calculate the stuck pipe location.
• Understand the remedial actions taken when stuck pipe problems arise.
Stuck Pipe Problems

Introduction
Crew member can be valuable members of the drilling team in diagnosing
potential stuck pipe problems. Having access to the drilling information, the
geological data (from the Logging Geologist), and using the right analytical
approach, Crew member can assist Company man in keeping stuck pipe
problems to a minimum.
Effective communication between the logging unit, company-man, driller and

mud engineer can prevent many stuck pipe situations.
The following tables illustrate the response that can be made to the many
factors that can result in stuck pipe/borehole problems.
Table 1: Response to Analysis of Borehole Conditions
DRILLBYTE BOREHOLE PROBLEM LOGGING PERSONNEL RESPONSE

INSTRUMENTATION
Lithology Identification and a. Formation Related a. Identification of Rock Types and Characteristics
Description
b. Differential Sticking b. Identification of Permeable Sandstones
c. Cement Related c. Identification of Cement in Cuttings Samples
d. Undergauge Hole e. Poor d. Identification of Abrasive Formations
Hole Cleaning
e. Amount of Cuttings in Samples
a. Formation Related a. Identification of borehole problems from drill rate
Depth and Drill Rate
b. Wellbore Geometry b. Reduced drill rate due to BHA hanging up on ledges
Recorder
c. Poor Hole Cleaning c. Reduced drill rate due to poor transfer of WOB
All Types of Borehole Monitor trends in hole conditions, and relating trends to
Monitor Calculations
Problems lithology, hole deviation and BHA configuration
Pump Stroke Counters Poor Hole Cleaning Monitoring annular velocities to adequately clean borehole
a. Geopressure b. Differential a. Detecting abnormal or sub-normal pore pressure

Pore Pressure Evaluation
Sticking b. Calculation of ECD and amount of overbalance
Poor Hole Cleaning Monitoring actual hole volume to determine actual versus
Lag Time Determination
theoretical lag time
322
Table 2 Indicators Available to the crew member
Flowline Shale
INDICATOR Shale Shale
Cavings Dxc Gas Temperatu Factor
CAUSES Density Swelling
re (CEC)
REACTIVE
Large No No No No Good High
(HYDRATING)
Quantities Indication Indication Indication Indication Indication Values
FORMATIONS
GEOPRESSURED Large Decrease Decrease Increase in Increase in Some High
FORMATIONS Quantities in Trend in Value Value Trend Indication Values
No
Not No Increase No No No
FRACTURED & Indication
FAULTED Present Indication if Present Indication Indication Indication
FORMATIONS
MOBILE (SALT) Small No No No No No No
FORMATIONS Quantities Indication Indication Indication Indication Indication Indication
UNCONSOLIDATE Large
Not No Increase if No No No
D FORMATIONS Decrease
Present Indication Present Indication Indication Indication
in Trend
Recognizing Problem Situations
During the course of a well, many drilling and non-drilling operations can
potentially cause stuck pipe. Careful observation of the various parameters
monitored can pin-point many troublesome zones. Several of the more
common are illustrated below.
During Connections and Surveys
The major indication of a potential problem will be increased drag, when the
drillstring is moved.
Questions to Answer Response

1. Are problem formations exposed? 1. Check lag time
2. Was the borehole adequately cleaned 2. Check drill rate before connection/survey
before the connection/survey?
3. Are there indications of sticking? 3. Check lithology
4. Check annular velocities
5. Check filter cake thickness
6. Check hydrostatic overbalance

7. Check if permeable formations are
exposed
During trips out of the hole, the common indication of stuck pipe problems will
be increased drag and overpull.
323
Response
Questions to Answer
1. Are problem formations exposed above the 1. Review records of previous trips. Is there a
bit? trend which can be related to a possible cause?
2. Are high swab pressures resulting in hole 2. Check if the proper lag time was completed
instability? when circulating bottoms up?
3. Was the hole adequately cleaned prior to the 3. Check swab pressures, should the trip speed
trip? be reduced.
4. Were similar conditions experienced on 4. Check the lithology
previous trips? If so, is the hole getting worse?
1. Can the problem be related to deviation or the 1. Check if overpulls are increasing on each trip
BHA?
2. Check the nature of any interbedded
2. Is a keyseat developing?
sequences.
3. Are there sequences of hard/soft formations 3. Relate doglegs to BHA configuration
which may result in ledges?
4. Check if conditions exists which would
encourage keyseating
Reaming Operations (Reaming In & Reaming Out)
During reaming operations, the primary indication of hole problems will be

increased torque.
Response
Questions to Answer
1. Are problem formations exposed? 1. Check the BHA configuration. How does it
compare to the last assembly?
2. Can the problem be related to deviation and 2. Check for hard/soft interbedded sequences.
BHA?
3. Can the problem be related to ledges? 3. Check for problem formations
4. It is possible that a cuttings bed has formed on 4. Correlate trends from previous trips. Is the
the low side of the borehole? problem still occurring?
5. Was the hole adequately cleaned? 5. Correlate deviation with BHA configuration.
6. Check annular velocities during circulation.
7. Check the drill rate prior to reaming
8. Check lithology and location of problem
formations.
Drilling Operations
Though few stuck pipe problems occur while drilling, it is wise to keep in mind
that they can happen. The most commonly monitored drilling parameters
which will indicate problems are torque, pump pressure and drill rate.
Changes in these parameters, when matched with known data
(i.e. cuttings lithology, ECD) can pin-point mechanisms which can result in
stuck pipe and other borehole problems.
Several problems, with their drilling parameter correlations are listed in the
following table:
324
Table 3: Stuck Pipe Indicators During Drilling Operations
TORQUE PUMP PRESSURE DRILL RATE
INDICATOR PROBLEM
Poor Hole Cleaning Increase Increase Gradual Increase
High Overbalance &
Gradual Increase No Change Gradual Decrease
Permeable Sands
Mobile Formations Gradual Increase Increase Gradual Decrease
Fractured and Faulted Sudden Erratic May Be Unaffected Sudden Increase
Formations Increase
Geopressured Formations Initial Increase with
Increase Increase a Gradual
Decrease
Reactive Formations Gradual Increase Increase Gradual Decrease
Unconsolidated Formations Increase Increase Decrease
Junk Sudden Increase No Change Sudden Decrease
Cement Blocks Sudden Increase No Change Sudden Decrease
Mechanics of Differential Sticking
Even when all precautions are taken, stuck pipe may occur. Should this
situation develop, there are still ways in which the crew member can be of
assistance.
To free a differentially stuck drillstring, the driller must overcome the

restraining force of the drilling fluid, which is pushing the drillstring against a
permeable formation. The drillstring (drillpipe or collars) will soon become
imbedded in the filter cake opposite the permeable zone if corrective action is
not taken as soon as the sticking situation is noticed.
The force necessary to free the drillstring will be proportional to the area of
contact and pressure differential, and will increase with time because of filter
cake build-up. Due to the filter cake build-up, the area of contact can double
by the thickening of the filter cake.
The force holding the drillstring against the borehole wall can be calculated
very quickly. This force will have to be exceeded to free the drillstring. If the
force is greater than the pull of the blocks or the tensile strength of the
drillstring, the general practice is to add some compound (i.e. diesel, “black
magic”, etc.) to the drilling fluid to reduce the friction between the drillstring
and filter cake.
The equation for determining the sticking force is:

F = ΔP x A x f
s
where:
325
Fs = The sticking force or the total pulling force that
would be required to free the pipe (lbs)
The pressure differential between the drilling
∆P =
fluid
and the formation (psi)
The area of contact between the drillstring and
A=
filter
cake (in2)
f= The coefficient of friction between the drillstring
and filter cake (dimensionless)
Determining the Variables in the Stuck Pipe Equation

Pressure Differential (ΔP)
The pressure differential between the drilling fluid and the permeable
formation is determined using the hydrostatic pressure of the drilling fluid
(0.0519 x MD x TVD) and the estimated pore pressure of the permeable
formation.
Area of Contact (A)
The effective area of contact is the chord length of the imbedded portion of the
drillstring multiplied by the thickness of the permeable formation. The most
acceptable equation is:
A = PC x (TFx 12)
where PC is the chord length or circumference of the pipe stuck against the formation (inches), TF is the
thickness of the formation causing the stuck pipe (feet) and 12 is the conversion from feet to inches.
Coefficient of Friction (f)
Though very seldom quantitatively defined in field operations, “f” will normally
vary between 0.07 (for invert emulsion muds) and 0.40 (for low solids native
muds). As the mud density increases, the amount of solids (barite, sand,
bentonite, etc.) also increases, which increases the coefficient of friction.
The coefficient can be determined using a specialized mud test apparatus
called a “stickometer”. This test uses a torque plate which is pushed against a
filter cake at 500 psi. After a set time limit, the plate is rotated using a torque
wrench and the amount of torque required to rotate the plate is measured.
The coefficient of friction is the ratio of the force necessary to initiate sliding of
the plate to the normal force on the plate. The core face of the stickometer is
3.14 inches, the radius of the plate is 1 inch, and the differential pressure used
is 500 psi. Because of the geometry of the core face the torque is multiplied by
1.5. The formula then becomes:
2
f = Torque (in – lb) × 1.5 /( 500psi × 3.14in × 1inch)
Preventing Stuck Pipe

326
If the driller is unable to free the stuck pipe or the force necessary to free the
pipe is greater than the force that can be applied by the blocks, then other
remedial measures must be used. Normally a lubricating fluid is “spotted” in
the troublesome area and is used to dissolve the filter cake.
These spotting procedures are facilitated by pin-pointing the depth at which
the pipe is stuck. The depth (or free point -stuck point location) can be
calculated from relatively simple measurements taken on the rig floor. With
reference to Figure 7-1, the procedure to determine the variables is as follows:
1. An upward force “F1” is applied to the pipe. This must be greater than the
total weight to insure that the entire string is in tension.
2.A reference point is marked on the drillpipe at the surface, normally at the
top of the rotary table.
3.A greater upward force “F2” is applied, causing the free portion of the
drillstring to stretch by an amount “e”. The stretch is measured above the
reference point.
Figure 1Determination of Stuck Pipe Variables
Once the measurements have been taken, they are used in the following equation:
where: SPL = Stuck Pipe Location

3
735 x 10 = Derivation of Youngs Modulus for steel w = Drillpipe weight (lbs/ft) e = Length of stretch
(inches)
F = Force applied when pipe is in tension (lbs)
1
327
F = Force applied to stretch pipe to “e” (lbs)
2
The stuck pipe location produced from this equation will be a best guess value
for a couple of reasons: (1) Since all boreholes are crooked to some extent,
there can be a considerable amount of friction between the borehole and
drillpipe, and (2) If the borehole is highly deviated, it will be very difficult to
place the drillstring in tension without it coming into contact with the borehole.
However, this calculation is simple to perform and is much better than the
industry's nomograms for stuck pipe stretch. The value from the SPL equation
will also provide a “near-enough” depth for a starting point when a free-point
indicator is lowered into the drillstring.
Preventing Stuck Pipe
During the course of a well, there are many operations or items within those
operations which can prevent stuck pipe from occurring. Even when problems
are evident, there are generally ways to prevent the drillstring from sticking.
This section will list the most common causes of stuck pipe, the most
commonly used operations to prevent the drillstring from sticking, and the
operations required if preventive measures fail.
Differential Sticking
Much has been said in this section on differential sticking. It should be
remembered that this type of sticking will develop if six factors are present;
(1) a permeable formation, (2) thick filter cake (due to a high water loss),
(3) the drillstring is in contact with that filter cake, (4) an overbalance situation
exists, (5) insufficient drillstring movement and, (6) a lack of circulation
between the drillstring and the filter cake. Preventive measures include:
 Moving the drillstring as much as possible
 Rotate the drillstring on connections
 Always begin pipe motion in a downward direction
 Ensure a pit is available for pumping pills
 Use grooved or spiral drill collars
 Minimize the length of unstabilized drill collars
 Minimize the length of the BHA
 Use undergauge stabilizers when possible
 Consider placing the jar(s) in the heavy-weight pipe section
 Use survey methods that are of short duration
There are basically three methods which can be followed if the drillstring
becomes differentially stuck. The first operation is to immediately work/jar the
328
drillstring (downwards if possible) and apply right-hand torque. Secondly,
reducing the hydrostatic pressure may be an option (well control
considerations must be taken into account). The third operation involves
spotting a friction reducing fluid within the stuck zone.
If these methods fail, then back-off operations, using a free-point indicator,
must be considered. The fish can then be recovered using washover pipe, or a
DST tool can be used to reduce the hydrostatic pressure followed by the
washover pipe.
Geopressured Formations
These formations have a pore pressure which exceed the hydrostatic
pressure of the drilling fluid. If these formations are not permeable (for
example, shales), once drilled, these formations will “cave” into the borehole.
Preventive measures include:
1. Clean the hole of cuttings when not drilling
2. Observe the cuttings for cavings, some being large and convex/ concave in
appearance
3. Increase the mud density if possible
4. Ream on each connection
5. Perform regular wiper trips
6. Monitor pump pressure for annular loading
7. Control the drill rate
8. Minimize the time in the open hole when tripping
9. Recognize overpull, then circulate to clean the hole
10. Monitor the drilling fluid's parameters
If geopressured formations are causing stuck pipe problems, great care must
be taken to ensure well control problems do not develop. The first step in
correcting the situation is to establish circulation. If possible, pipe movement
should be downwards, gradually increasing these applied forces. Once full
circulation is established and pipe movement is unrestricted, an increase in
the mud density is advisable.
Reactive Formations
These are naturally occurring bentonitic shales, generally known as “gumbo
shales”. The clays within the shales react with the mud filtrate and hydrate.
The hydrated shales will then fall or swell into the borehole. When drilling, the
bit tends to “ball-up” with these clays. When tripping, the BHA can become
stuck in the smaller diameter (swelled) portions of the borehole. Preventive
measures include:
Avoid long time periods without circulation
329
Be prepared to stop drilling and circulate
Plan to initiate wiper trips whenever necessary
Carefully monitor swab/surge pressures
Be prepared to ream when tripping
Carefully monitor drilling fluid properties
If the drillstring is stuck in reactive formations, circulation must be established.

Concentrate on working the drillstring downwards. Rotation may help dislodge
the packing-off borehole material. Increasing the mud density, if possible, may
also be beneficial.
Unconsolidated Formations
These naturally occurring sand and gravel formations will collapse into the
borehole when drilled. When this occurs, they can easily bury the bit or form a
bridge around the collars. Preventive measures include:
 Control the drill rate
 Use all solids removal equipment
 Be prepared for shale shaker screen binding
 Use viscous sweeps before drilling
 Ream after each connection
 Avoid excessive swab/surge pressures
 Avoid excessive circulation opposite those zones
If sticking does occur, establish circulation first. Then concentrate on working

the drillstring downwards to disturb the bridge/mound. Once the drillstring is
free, ensure the material is circulated out before drilling. Increase the mud
density if possible.
Mobile Formations
These are naturally occurring plastic formations. Most commonly shales and
salt. When drilled, they will tend to “flow” into the borehole. Preventive
measures include:
 Recognize there is a reaction time associated with these formations
 Regular wiper trips are normally required
 Condition the mud prior to drilling those formations
 Use “eccentric” PDC bits to drill these formations
330
 Increase the mud density if possible
 Minimize open hole time
If the drillstring becomes stuck in a mobile formation, the annulus may become
packed-off, so concentration must be placed on establishing circulation. The
drillstring should be worked up and down, if possible.
If circulation is possible, in a squeezing salt formation a fresh water pill should
be pumped immediately. When oil-based muds are used, a water/ detergent
spacer should be used ahead of the pill. Repeat the pill procedure every 2
hours until the drillstring is free.
Once the drillstring is freed, an increase in the mud density should be
considered.
Fractured/Faulted Formations
These are naturally occurring formations. When the fractured or faulted
formation is drilled, there will be a tendency for pieces of the formation to fall
into the borehole. The size of the pieces will vary from pebbles to boulders.
They will more commonly occur in limestones and shales. Preventive
measures include:
1 Clean out excess fill before drilling
2 Minimize surge pressures
3 Place the jar in the heavy-weight pipe section
4 Be prepared to wash/ream when tripping in
5 Design a BHA to minimize the risk of hitting a ledge
6 Use low circulation rates/pressures to clean the hole
If it is determined that faulted/fractured formations are the cause of the sticking,

the drillstring should be worked up and down to try and break up the pieces of
formation. If limestone is causing the problem, an inhibited
acid (HCl) pill can be used to dissolve the limestone. The pill should be
spotted with a large water spacer.
Key Seating
Key seats are the result of the drillstring wearing an additional hole into the
side of the borehole. This “extra” hole will generally have the I.D. of the
drillpipe's tool joints and the drill collars will not pass through this extra hole
when tripping out. Preventive measures include:
 Minimize pipe rotation
 Use wiper trips often
 Minimize dogleg severity
331
 Carefully design the BHA
 Minimize the length of rathole below casing
 Have a surface jar on location
 If the problem is recognized, cure it before drilling ahead
If the drillstring becomes key seated, the drillstring should be worked upwards
gradually, this will depend on how long the key seat is, and if the BHA is not
jammed into the key seat. The drillstring should try to be rotated up and out of
the key seat with minimum tension.
Borehole Geometry (Profile and Ledges)
The borehole is seldom drilled in a smooth manner. Ledges and washouts are
common, especially when alternating hard/soft formations are drilled.
Problems with borehole geometry normally occur during tripping operations.
Remember, when tripping in, the drillstring is in compression making it more
flexible. When tripping out, the drillstring is in tension making it more rigid.
1. Minimize doglegs
2. Reduce the number of BHA changes
3. Ream if the BHA configuration is changed
4. Do not run stabilizers above a jar
5. Be prepared to run a hole opener if necessary
If borehole geometry problems are suspected when tripping in, a gradual

upwards working force should be applied. If this occurs when tripping out,
upwards forces should be applied gradually to prevent the drillstring from
further jamming. If a ledge is suspected, then a combination of upward/
downward forces should be used to try and remove the ledge.
Undergauge Borehole
When drilling long sections of abrasive formations, the gauge protection on
the bit and stabilizers can become so worn it becomes ineffective. Any
additional hole that is drilled will be undergauge. Preventive measures include:
1 Properly gauge the bit and stabilizers after each run
2 Ream back to bottom if an undergauge hole is suspected
3 Never force a new bit to bottom
4 Select bits with good gauge protection (5&7 feature in roller cone bits)
5 Carefully run fixed cutter bits after roller cone bits
If the new bit is run into an undergauge hole, maximum upwards working/
jarring forces should be applied immediately.
332
Inadequate Hole Cleaning
Inadequate hole cleaning causes overloading of the annulus. In highly
deviated or horizontal wells, this results in the formation of a cuttings bed on
the low side of the borehole. Preventive measures include:
1. Control the drill rate to ensure the hole is cleaned
2. Circulate bottoms-up until shakers are clean
3. Always check the volume of cuttings coming over the shaker
4. Maintain the correct drilling fluid properties
5. Control the annular velocities
6. Recognize increased overpull
7. Always reciprocate and rotate pipe while circulating
8. Use viscous sweeps
9. Recognize low-side sections of deviated holes
10. Plan to use regular wiper trips
11. On floaters, use the riser booster pumps
If the annulus becomes overloaded, attempts to establish circulation must be

attempted. In addition, a downward force should be applied gradually until
circulation begins. Once circulation is established, the drillstring should be
rotated to further disturb the cuttings.
In low angle holes, a weighted high viscous pill should be used to “float out”
the cuttings. In high angle holes, a low viscous pill should be used to disturb
the cuttings bed, followed by weighted pills to carry the cuttings out of the hole.
Junk in the Borehole
Junk is a foreign object in the borehole, which is not meant to be there. Since
the clearance between casing and collars/stabilizers is not great, even a small
piece of junk can stick the drillstring. Preventive measures include:
1. Ensure downhole tools are in good condition
2. Inspect downhole tools regularly
3. Be careful when working around the rotary table
4. Leave the hole covered when the drillstring is out of the borehole
5. Install drillpipe wipers whenever possible
If junk sticking is suspected, upward and downward working and jarring should
commence to try and dislodge the obstruction. These forces should be
gradually increased until the drillstring is freed.
333
Cement Blocks
After a leak-off test has been performed and drilling has resumed, the large
sized collars or stabilizers can cause blocks of cement to break loose and fall
into the borehole. These large blocks can easily jam against the drillstring.
 Minimize the length of rathole below the casing shoe
 Always ream ratholes or cement plugs before drilling ahead
 Be careful when tripping back through the casing shoe
If jamming occurs, attempt to dislodge or break up the obstructions by using

alternating upward and downward working and jarring. These freeing forces
should be gradually increased until the drillstring is freed and, if available, an
acid solution can be pumped around to dissolved the cement.
Green Cement
A rare occurrence of stuck pipe is one due to soft or “green” cement. This
occurs when the cement is not allowed to set properly, or because of incorrect
additives and bottomhole temperature gradients, the cement does not set
properly. After the normal time for WOC (Waiting On Cement) and the
drillstring is tripped in to drill out the plugs and float equipment, the cement can
“flash set” when pressure is applied. Preventive measures include:
1. Pre-treat the drilling fluid if green cement is suspected
2. Know the depth to the top of cement
3. Begin circulation above the top of the cement
4. Monitor cement returns at the shale shaker
5. Realize the weight-on-bit will be inaccurate
6. Restrict the drill rate when drilling out cement
If problems develop, immediate action is required to prevent the cement from

setting. Upward working and jarring operations should commence as soon as
possible. If circulation is possible, an acid solution can be pumped to try and
dissolve the cement.
Self-Check Exercises
1 What should be the response of INTEQ personnel if borehole problems point towards
inadequate hole cleaning?
2 How can Shale Factor (CEC) be of assistance in predicting hole problems?
3 What is the most common indication of hole problems when the rig is performing
334
reaming operations?
4 When using the “Stuck Pipe Equation”, how is “∆P” determined?
5 What piece of mud test equipment is used to measure the “friction coefficient”?
6 What is the first step taken if stuck pipe occurs in geopressured, reactive or
unconsolidated formations?
7 What two operations can be performed if the drillstring becomes stuck in a faulted
limestone formation?
8 What type of pill(s) should be used if stuck pipe occurs in a high angle hole due to
inadequate hole cleaning?
9 What is meant by “green” cement?
335
16. Kill Sheet (Only For Key Personnel)
336

Drilling Operation & Hazards Analysis PDF

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Drilling Operation & Hazards Analysis PDF

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Drilling Operation

Part 1 is general illustrated glossary of drilling rig components. With reference

This material is structured to provide an easily understood, orderly flow of

This material is inter training document in Sinopec, Sinopec personnel

[skip navigational links]

Search Advanced Search | A-Z Index

Drilling Rig Components

Click on the name below or a number on the

1. Crown Block and Water Table

Additional rig components not illustrated at right.

Contact Us | Freedom of Information Act | Information Quality | Customer Survey

Occupational Safety & Health Administration

[skip navigational links]

Search Advanced Search | A-Z Index

The storage device for nitrogen pressurized

Annular Blowout Preventer

A large valve, usually installed above the ram preventers,

The space around a pipe in a well bore, the outer wall of

A large valve, usually installed above the ram preventers,

The braking device on the drawworks to stop a load being

Bulk Mud Components in Storage

Hopper type tanks for storage of drilling fluid components.

A heavy, flanged steel fitting connected to the first string

A spool-shaped attachment on a winch around which rope

Catline Boom and Hoist Line

A structural framework erected near the top of the derrick

A pit in the ground to provide additional height between

The arrangement of piping and special valves, called

The largest diameter casing and the topmost length of

An assembly of sheaves or pulleys mounted on beams at

The equipment used to remove unwanted gas from a

A centrifugal device for removing sand from drilling fluid to

A centrifugal device, similar to a desander, used to remove

A small enclosure on the rig floor used as an office for the

The hoisting mechanism on a drilling rig. It is essentially a

The cutting or boring element used in drilling oil and gas

A heavy, thick-walled tube, usually steel, used between

The heavy seamless tubing used to rotate the bit and

The control panel, located on the platform, where the

A wire rope hoisting line, reeved on sheaves of the crown

On diesel electric rigs, powerful diesel engines drive large

Electric Cable Tray

Supports the heavy electrical cables that feed the power

A set of clamps that grips a stand, or column, of casing,

Engine Generator Sets

A diesel, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), natural gas, or

Fuel storage tanks for the power generating system.

A wire rope used in hoisting operations. Must conform to

A large, hook-shaped device from which the elevator bails

The heavy square or hexagonal steel member suspended

A device fitted to the rotary table through which the kelly

A device for spinning the drill pipe. Replaces the spinning

A portable derrick capable of being erected as a unit, as

The derrickman's working platform. Double board, tribble

A device that removes gas from the mud coming out of a

A series of open tanks, usually made of steel plates,

A large reciprocating pump used to circulate the mud

A trough or pipe, placed between the surface connections

A horizontal support for tubular goods.

An angled ramp for dragging drill pipe up to the drilling

A blowout preventer that uses rams to seal off pressure on

A hole in the rig floor 30 to 35 feet deep, lined with casing

A mud pit in which a supply of drilling fluid has been