CHAPTER VI EXAMINATION, INSPECTION, AND TESTING 536 EXAMINATION 5361 Definition Examination spplies to viswal extmination and to nondestructive extminstion when specified in this code ‘or in the enginsering design. These quality control functions are performed by an examiner employed by ‘the maannfacturer, fabxicato, or erector. 5362 Responsibility ‘The manufacturer, fulvicator, or erector is reeponsi- ble for: (a) providing materials, componeats, and workman ship in scvontauce wit the reqpirerannts of the Code; (6) performing the required examinations, (e) performing ths supplemental examinations when specified in tha engineering design; smd (@) preparing eaitablo records of materials, examina tion and tests for the iogpector's use when required io the Code. 5363 Examination Persoanel Qualification and Certification Examiners shall have trining and experience com ‘menruste with the needs of the specified examinations, For this purpose, SNT-TC-14, Recommended Practice ‘for Nondeatrective Testing Personne! Qualification and ‘Centffestion, may be used as a guide, The owner shall ‘determine whether examination by other than peracnne! performing the work is required. 5364 Reqotred Examination 5364.1 Viswal Examination, Prior to operation, vi- sual examination i required in accordance with this paragraph for all reffigerant and secondary coolant Piping. (@) Definition, Visost examination is the observation of whatever portions of camposcnts, joints, and other piping elements that arc exposed to such observation cither before, doing, or afer manuficume, fabrication, assembly, erection, inspection, or testing, This examine: tion may include verification of the applicable requine- ments for materials, components, dimsions, joint prep aration, aligument, welding or joining, mechaxicel joints, eapporte, assembly, snd erection. (0) Requirements. Visual examination sball be per- formed, ax neccasary, during the fabrication and erection of piping components to provide verification that the deaign end procedure specificatians are at, (©) Acceptance Criteria. The ncceptance criteria shall be sa sisted in Chapter V of this Code; para, 527 for ‘welded joints, para. 528 for brazed antl soldered joints, and para. 535 for other mechanical joints and assembly of bangers. 536.42 Additional Exeniuatisn for Group A3 mid 1B Piping. In addition to visual examination por port graph 5364.1, the following examinations ese required for Group A3 and B3 refrigerant piping, (@) Not teas than 5% of cizcumferectia! butt and ‘miter groove wekls shall be fully examined by random radiography. Wol’s to be examined ahall be selected to ensure that ths woek product of cach welder or ‘welding operator doing production welding is included. ‘Welda to be examined shell be selected to maximize of intercotions with longitudinal joints, At fea 14 i. G8 mam) of te Loitndinal weds ball ‘ne examined. In-procest examination in accordance with pare. 536.6.2 may be substinned for all or pant of radiographic examination on a weld-for-weld basis if specified in the engiseeriag dorign end specifically approved by the Inspector. (©) Not fers than 5% of all brazed joints shall be examined by in-process sxamiaction in sccordance with, pare. 536.62. The joints to be examined shall be selected to ensure that the work of cach brazer making, production joluts Js inctuded. 53643 Defects (a) If a defect (Le, an imperfection of & typo or magnitude sacocding the accoplanee ciiterin of this Code) is revealed in an examination per para. 5364.2, two additional items of the same kind (if welded of ‘razed jolots, by the same welder, welding operator or ‘brazen) hall be given the same type of exennination; andS36AS-SI7 (0) if the itera exmmined as required in (a) above sre scceptuble, the defective item shall be repaired or replaced and examined ax specified in para. 536.6.1(3) and all Lem represented by this addhional examinstion shall be wooepted; but: (c} if any of the items examined as required in (0) above reveals a defect, two further samples of the samc kind still be examined for each defective item found by the: examination; and: (4) if the itema examined ax required by (0) above are scceptebls, thé defective item(s) shall be repeired oor replaced und reexamined a apecificd in para. 5366.K0) aod all items represented by tis edditional ‘examination sball be accepted; but () if uny of the Stems examined ax requined by (0) above reveals a defect, all items represcated by the progressive ecemination shall be eiier: (2) repaired or replaced and reexamined as speci- fied in para. 536.6.1(a); ‘OF (2) fully cxaminsd apd repaired ov veplaved and reexamined 06 opecifed ia para 536,6.1(0), S365 Supplementary Examination Aay of the types of examination described in pata, 536 may bo specified in the engincering design to suppletpent tbe exeanination required by pera. 536.4, The contrat of supploaneatary sxamaipation and the aoccpiance criteria shall be specified in the enginecring design. 5364 Types of Examinations 5366.1 General (a) Ttexm examined with one ox more defects shall bbe repaired o¢ replaced. The repaired or replaced work shall be examined by the sume methods snd to the same exteat, and shall meet the same acceptance criteria a required for the original work. {6) Welds aad joints not included in the examinations required by pera. 536.4 ahall be deemed acceptable when they mect che testing requiremeats of para, 538, 536.62 Ta-Process Kxuniestioa, In-process exami- nation comprises visual examination of the following (2) probemting; fc) fit-up, joint clearuoce and Interoal aligumueat price +a jofning; (a) ‘cable specie by the jing procure in- cluding filler material; and ASME B31.52801 (1) (for welding) position and electrode: (2) Gor tenzing) position, flux, brazing tempers. jure, proper wetting, and capillary action; “(e) (for welling) exoeraal considon uf Ue r00t pass after cleaning, and infereal where accesible, aided by quid penetrant or magostic partic examination whee specified in the engineering design. () (for welding) slag removal and weld condition berweeo passox; and fg) appearance of the finished joint 5366.3 Radiographic Examination (a) Definitions. The following definitions apply: ta radiography required by thie Cade: (21) Radlograpliy applies only to circumferential ‘eure welds and miter groove welds ualess otherwise: (2} 100% Radiography requires complete radiogra- phy of all of « specified kind of tom in a designated Jot of piping. (3) Random Radiography requires complete radi- ogrmphy of a percect of specified kind af item in designated lot of piping. (4) Spot Radlography. requires a single exposore radiograph at a specified point within the well of a Percent of a specified kind af items in a designated lot ‘of piping, For circymferential butt wekds and miter groove welds the mininism requirement is: {a} & Single elliptical exposure encompassing the catire weld circumference for pipe up to NPS 2% ON 65). (b) the lesser of 25% of the inside circumference or 6 in. (150 mm) for pipe greater than NPS 2% (DN 65); or (6, a minimum of 6 in, (150 mm) of weld length for longitudinal welds. {8} Method. Radiographic examination shull be per- formed in accordance with Articke 2 of Section V of the ASME BPY Code. tc) Acceptance Criteria. The acceptance criteria sball bo at least that specified for Normal Service Fluid in Table 341.3.2 of ASME B313. 537 INSPECTION 937.1 Definition Inspection applica to functions performed by the ownat’s Inspector ox the Inspector's Delegate.ASME BL S-2001 5372 Responalbility Prior to operation, it is tie owner's responsibility inapect s pipmg system 10 the extent necessary 10 asaure complanc: wih the eagineering design, and ‘with the material, fabrication, assembly, examinstion, sand testing requissments of this Code, Systerns shall bbe inapeoted visually after complete installation nod before operation, except thet parts of the system (hat would not be accessible after complete installation shall be inspected after completion of those. parts. 5373 Rights of Inspectors ‘Ths Inspector or Delegate shall have access to any place where work consemed with the piping is being performed. When the work is not performed on the ‘owner's premises, tho Inspoctor’s evoess is subject 10 with the manufacturer or fabricator. This includes, but i not limited to, manufacture, fabricatinn, sasemnbly, efection, examination, and testing of the piping. Inspectors stall have the right to review all reouds pertaining to tbe examination requirement of pare 536, ‘5374 Qualifications of the Owner's Inspecter ‘The Inspector shall be designated by the owaer. The Snepector (or Delegats) shall bo on explayte of the ‘owner ox of a company scting a5 the owner's agent. ‘The Inspector (or Delegate) shall not represeat. aor be sma employee of the manufacturer, fubricsior, oF erector vunlees the owner is the manufactwer, fabricator, ot ezectnt. The Inspector (or Delegate) shall have at leat five yeam expericece in the design, fabrication, examin Hoa, teniiag, or inspection of industriel piping, 538 TESTING 538.1 Testing Hefove Erection or Assembly ‘When syeiem componsets (including compreaiors, Pumps, heat exchangers, valves, gauges, regulators, pipe, tube, and fitings) have beeo pressure stated by tho component manufactures or assembler according to stnudards or applicable specifications, no furtaer pres- sure teating of these components, other than leek testing, is required, 5382 Preparation for Testing AIL joints to be tested shall be expostd, uapainted, and free of rust, dist, ofl, and other fireign materials. se72sma2 Joints previously tested in accordance with thin Code tuay be painted end insulated cr covered. 5383 Factory Testing of Refrigerunt Piping (a) AMI factory-essembled reftigerant piping of every system shall be tested and proved eight by fe mamifiac- turer to at Teast 110% of the design pressure for ‘which if in rated, in socordance with the applicable requirements of pers, 538, (®) A pocumutic pressure test applied to the piping of cach factory-aswanbled refsigersting eyatem shall not exceed 130% of the denlgo preasure of eny component, 5384 Fidd Testing of Refrigerant Piping 5384.1 General Requirements, Refrigerant piping crocted on the premises, except piping composcats that xe factory tested, shall be pressure tested and leak teated. after installation and before operation in accordance with, the applicable requirements of pare. 5384. S3RAL Presmmre Tent (@) Piping shall be examined before pressure is ap- plied to enmure that it is tightly coumected. AUL isms not eubject to the pressure test shall be disconnected or isolated by valves, blanks, plugs, or other suitable (2) A preliminary toot at a gangs preanre of 25 rig (170 kPa) msy be applied, prior to other testing, as a means of locating major leaks (©) The tanperamre of the piping system during testing sball be above the ductile-triule munition tem- perature, (CAUTION: Tee mecmncesto pevtet parse from the pote ‘ofrupterest lpia composente during pemcinadiettingnd spc. {¢) The means used to furnish the test pressure shall have citber 4 pressure limiting device or a pressure redoing device and a pressure relief device and gage con tbe outlet side. The pressure relief device shall be fet above the test prewure, but low enough prevent emanct deformation of any of the ssi compo. nel) Th poms tet preen wted tall at Joa 110% of the design presrure. The eset pressure shall not exceed 130% of the design pressure of any component in the system. () For large systems that are not completely visible ta the texting operator, the. preaaare in the syziem shall bbe gradually increased to one-half of the test pressure, aftor which the pressure shall be increased in sicps of approximasely ane-tenth of the test pressure unti] cheSee ‘equiréd teet pressure ss been reached. The test pressure shall be coatinivoasty meintained for’ at least 10 min. It may then be reduced to the leak toot peesaire per pars. $384.3 (6). ° fe) Mechenical joints at which blmks or-plugs are inmerted to blank off or fecilitate removal of equipment during the pressare test moed not be pressure tested after removal of the blank or plug provided the Joint asses @ subsequent Jeakt test. 53843 Leak Test After the pressure fest in para, 5384.2 1s completed, a leak teat shall be. performed. (a) Bxamisation for Teaks shall be by the gas and bubble formation testing as detailed in Article 10, Section V of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vesic! Code,.or by other mechods of equal seasitivity, [EXCEPTION Refigema vapor detection metods hal be asd when rebigeut i wad in the txt mathom. Cony wits environment gelato wiea venting eigeaate (>) Bxuminetion shall be made of all joints and connections. The piping system stall show no evidence of leaking. fe) The pressure used for leak tests shall be either, the deslgn pressure, or 2 preamure specified in the englacering design. 538.5 Testing Medium for Refrigerant Piping (a) A suitable dry gas suck 9s nitrogen or air shall ‘be wed for pressure feeling per pars, 53842. Toxic ‘pases uball not be wsed unless persoanel are adequately Protected from hemnfl exposare should leaks occur daring testing. (©) Oxygen or say mecinm with a lower flanuseble limit below 13% shall not be used for presoure testing, (0) The system refrigerant may be used for leak ‘testing per pam, 5184.3, CAUTION: Comply wth environments vagus wu iting ‘whe cebgsrenin (d} Watsr oc water solutions should not be used in 538.6 Pressure Tests for Secondary Coslant Piping (a) Piping for sccondary coolants tested hydrostati- cally shaft be proven tight at « presoure of 150% of (he design pressure, The pressure at the bottom of vertical rans shall aot exceed either 90% ofthe miniruxm yield strength or 1.7 times the allowable stress for brite materials. ASME. B.5-2001 (®) Piping systems for secondary coolants tested Pocumatically ehall be tested as refrigerant piping. {e) Piping for a reftigerant used ac a secondary coolant shall be tested aa refrigerant piping. 538.7 Pressure Gages Preasure gages shall be checked for accuracy prior to use in testing, cither by comparison with master ‘gages or by setting the poinier a5 determined by a deadweight preseue gage tester. 538.8 Repalr of Joints (@) All Jeaking joints shall be repaired. (®) Solder joints thet leak shall be disassembled, loaned, re-futed, reassembled, and re-soldered. Solder Joints abl! not be repaired by brazing. (6) Brazed joints that leak may be repelzed by clean ing the expored area, refluxing, and re-brazing. (@ Welded joints that leak shall have the defective aaeas of the weld temoved and rewekled. (@} After joines have bees repuired, the joints shat be retested in scconlance with parss. 538.4 and 538.5. 539 RECORDS 539.1 Definition Records are the reduction to wttlog or flim image of performances, evaluations, or data required by the Code. 539. Responsibility Tin the reaponsibility of the piping designer, manufac tare, fabricator, and erector aa applicable to prepare the records required by thia Code. 5393 Extent and Retentiam of Records ‘The following records shall be maintained for hee. yeara: (0) results of weld examinations other then visual; and (c) records of the testing of each piping system, ‘which hall inclade the following informatica: (2) ate; (2) identification of piping system wand: (3) testing mediom; 9) test peessime; and (5) signature of examiner and inspector.