Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Applications
1. High span-to-depth ratios
2. They do not crack under working loads, and whatever cracks may be
developed under overloads will be closed as soon as the load is removed,
owing to the cambering effect of pre-stress.
3. This becomes an important consideration for such structures as long
cantilevers. Under live loads the def section is also smaller because of the
effectiveness of the entire un-cracked concrete section.
4. Larger spans possible with prestressing (bridges, buildings with large
column-free spaces)
5. Post-tensioning allows bridges to be built to very demanding geometry
requirements, including complex curves, and significant grade changes.
ASSIGNMENT 1 P A G E |1
16MST0018
Economy
1. Rapid construction
2. Better quality control
3. Reduced maintenance
4. Suitable for repetitive construction
5. Multiple use of formwork
6. There is also a definite savings stirrups, since shear in post-tensioned
concrete is reduced in the inclination of the tendons, and the diagonal
tension is further minimized bathe presence of pre-stress.
7. A lower building height can also translate to considerable savings in
mechanical systems and façade costs.
8. Thinner slabs mean less concrete is required. It means a lower overall
building height for the same floor-to-floor height.
9. Pre-tensioning is suitable for precast members produced in bulk.
10. The high tensile strength & precision of placement gives maximum
efficiency in size & weight of structural members.
ASSIGNMENT 1 P A G E |2
16MST0018
Really, prestressing is very basic. High strength steel rods are extended
between abutments at every end of long casting beds. Concrete is then filled
the structures encasing the rods. As the concrete sets, it bonds to the tensioned
steel. At the point when the concrete achieves a particular quality, the strands
are discharged from the projections. This packs the concrete, curves the part,
and makes an inherent imperiousness to service loads.
ASSIGNMENT 1 P A G E |3
16MST0018
A typical relationship between stress and strain for normal strength concrete is
presented in Figure. After an initial linear portion lasting up to about 30 – 40%
of the ultimate load, the curve becomes non-linear, with large strains being
registered for small increments of stress. The non-linearity is primarily a
function of the coalescence of micro cracks at the paste-aggregate interface.
The ultimate stress is reached when a large crack network is formed within the
concrete, consisting of the coalesced micro cracks and the cracks in the cement
paste matrix. The strain corresponding to ultimate stress is usually around
0.003 for normal strength concrete. The stress-strain behaviour in tension is
similar to that in compression.
The descending portion of the stress-strain curve, or in other words, the post-
peak response of the concrete, can be obtained by a displacement or a strain
controlled testing machine. In typical load controlled machines, a constant rate
of load is applied to the specimen. Thus any extra load beyond the ultimate
capacity leads to a catastrophic failure of the specimen. In a displacement
ASSIGNMENT 1 P A G E |4
16MST0018
ASSIGNMENT 1 P A G E |5
16MST0018
For smooth, round wires, the elastic modulus is about the same as for ordinary
reinforcement, that is, about 200000MPa. For stranded cable, the apparent
modulus is somewhat less, about 186000MPa, although the strand is
manufactured from the same wire. This happens because the spiral-wound
strand tends to straighten slightly as the cable is loaded in tension. The modulus
for cables embedded in concrete may be closer to that for round wires. The
elastic modulus for alloy bars is also about 186000MPa, the reduction in this
case occurring because of the presence of alloying elements. In the absence of
a well-defined yield stress for prestressing steels of all types, it is necessary to
adopt arbitrary definitions of yielding. For wire and strand, the yield stress is
defined as the stress at which a total extension of 1 percent is attained. For
alloy bars, the yield stress is taken as equal to the stress producing an extension
of 0.7 percent.
ASSIGNMENT 1 P A G E |6
16MST0018
QUESTION 4: Determine the elastic stresses and limiting kern point at transfer
and full service load condition for the simply supported post
tensioned rectangular beam of span 12 m. The cross sectional
dimension of beam is 350 mm x 800 mm. The dead and live of
beam are 4 kN/m and 12 kN/m respectively. The cable profile
is parabolic with eccentricities of -20 mm at ends and 300 mm
at mid span. The initial pre-stressing force is 600 kN. Assume
time dependent loss as 20 percent. Also check the elastic
stresses are safe as per IS 1343:2012.
SOLUTION:
ASSIGNMENT 1 P A G E |7
16MST0018
ASSIGNMENT 1 P A G E |8
16MST0018
ASSIGNMENT 1 P A G E |9
16MST0018
ASSIGNMENT 1 P A G E | 10