PENCEGAHAN TBC AIDS DI ASIA

Pendahuluan

Seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi dewasa ini kita dimudahkan dalam mengakses jurnal-jurnal
ilmiah terutama jurnal-jurnal ilmiah dalam bidang kedokteran, bebapa situs di internet
menyediakan ribuan bahkan jutaan jurnal ilmiah yang dapat diakses setiap saat, dalam laporan
ini akan dibahas penelusuran jurnal ilmiah yang berkaitan dengan pencegahn TBC AIDS di Asia,
dengan sumber jurnal berasal dari proQuest dan PubMed.

Perlu diketahui bahwa penyebaran dan perkembangan penyakit TBC dan AIDS di Asia sangat
memprihatinkan, dalam laporan ini akan dibahas tentang penyebaran, upaya apa saja yang
telah dan akan dilakukan untuk mencegah penyebaran kedua penyakit ini, serta ulasan tentang
beberapa kemajuan teknologi dalam bidang kedokteran untuk mengatasi kedua penyakit ini.

Literature review

 Jurnal 1 (meta-analysis of development of standardized screening rule for tuberculosis

in people living with HIV in resource-constrained setting)

In 2009, 1,7 million people died from tuberculosis equating to 4.700 deaths a day
including 380.000 people living with HIV, TB remains the most common cause of deaths
in people living with HIV and compared to people without HIV, people with HIV are
more than 20 times more likely to develop furthermore, TB infection may occur at any
stage of HIV disease and often is the initial presentation of underlying HIV infection
without antiretroviral treatment up to 50% of people living with who are diagnosed with
TB especially in Asia, die during the 6-8 months of TB treatment.

 jurnal 2 (meta-analysis antiretroviral therapy for prevention of tuberculosis in adults

with HIV)
tuberculosis a contagious bacterial infection is a global public health problem in 2010
8,8 million people develop active tuberculosis and 1,4 milion people died from the
disease TB can be cured by taking powerful antibiotics regularly for several months and
between 1995 and 2010, 46 million people with TB were successfully treated using
DOTS, now though the HIV epidemic is compromising global TB control effort HIV-
positive people are very susceptible to TB because HIV, the viruses that causes AIDS
destroys the immune system cells that normally combat TB, in 2010 million of the new
incident cases of TB were among the 34 million people living with HIV and 350.000
 people died of HIV-associated TB, making TB the leading cause of deaths, which occur
mainly in developing countries such as Asia and Africa.
 Jurnal 3 (USAID launches new program for HIV and TB prevention in central Asia)
The US agency for international development has launched an outreach program aimed
at HIV and TB prevention in the central asia region. The program will provide technical
assistance training, and direct outreach service to the people who are most at risk to
contact HIV and TB in central Asia.
 Jurnal 4 (forum in uzbek capital discusses HIV and TB prevention)
“global alliance” was held in the city of thaskent from 24-26 may 2008 under the
collective world-wide responsibility “doing more and doing better” on preventing
HIV/AIDS and TB. The purpose of the program is to achieve results, preventing the
further spread of HIV infection, expansion of nursing, treating and supporting HIV-
infected people, reducing digrace adiscriminaton towards HIV-infected people.
 Jurnal 5 (HIV associated in giang province, Vietnam 2001-2004 epidemiology and TB
treatment outcome)
In Giang province, Vietnam HIV associated TB was associated with poor TB treatment,
outcomes were significantly better in those taking CTX, thid finding suggest that
Vietnam should consider applying WHO recommendation to prescribe CTX to all
infected TB patients.
 Jurnal 6 (early mortality in adults initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low and
middle-income countries (asia africa, latin america)
Significantly heterogeneity in outcomes and in methods of reporting outcomes exist
among published studies evaluating mortality in the first year after ART initation in and
opportunistic illness such as TB and washing syndrome are the most common reported
cause of deaths.

 Jurnal 7 ( barriers to and motivation for the implementation of a treatment programme

for latent tuberculosis infection using isoniazid for people living with HIV in upper
northern Thailand)
Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) has been recommended by Who/UNAIDS for people
living with HIV since 1993, however the update of IPT implementation has been very low
globally, this study aims to assess the barrier to and motivations for the implementation
of IPT for PLWH in upper northern Thailand. An area with a high TB and HIV burden.
 Jurnal 8 (antiretroviral drugs for TB culgis control in the era of HIV/AIDS)
HIV/AIDS has dramatically increased the incidence of TB in sub Saharan, where up to
60% of TB patients are co-infected with HIV and each year 200.000 TB deaths are
attributable to HIV co-infection. Now HIV threatens control of TB in Asia,eastern
Europe,and latin America. ARU drugs can prevent TB by preserving immunity.
  Jurnal 9 (TB and latent TB infection in close sontac of people, with pulmonary TB in low
income and middle income countries)
The yield of household contact investigations for active TB among children under 5 years
results in the highest yield of any subgroup. The evidence for targeting this age group is
consistent with the current recommendation by WHO, this finding may be especially
salient for those nations that are unable to implement full-scale contact investigation
but that could target high risk population such as young children finally the high yield of
LTB among household contacts is telling glimpse at the pervasiveness.

 Jurnal 10 (HIV epidemic in ASIA optimizing and expanding vaccine development)

While several asian countries are now engaged in HIV vaccine research and
development, the most significant advances, particularly in clinic development are led
by Thailand, china and to a lesser extet, japan Australia, and india. Critical development
issues facing the RV 144 vaccine development strategy include incomplete
characterization of immune mechanism underlying protection the utility of additional
booster doses and the need to evaluate the vaccine regimen in high risk groups.

DISKUSI

Dari literature review sepuluh jurnal diatas kita dapat memperoleh beberapa informasi
berkaitan dengan penyebaran dan upaya pencegahan TBC dan HIV di asia, seperti peningkatan
angka kematian dalam kurun waktu tertentu yang disebabkan oleh dua penyakit ini, pengaruh
kondisi geografis dan ekonomi suatu Negara juga trut andil dalam penyebaran dan
perkembangan kedua penyakit ini di Negara yang bersangkutan, seperti yang dibahas dalam
beberapa jurnal diatas bahwa penelitian membuktikan di kebanyakan Negara berkembang
termasuk asia penyebaran serta kematian yang disebabkan oleh kedua penyakit ini memiliki
jumlah yang tidak sedikit dan lebih banyak jika dibandingkan dengan Negara-negara maj. Serta
beberapa tahun belakangn juga telah diadakan upaya prefentif yang di naungi oleh WHO di
Negara-negara asia seperti yang dilakukan di Vietnam, tailan, cina dan jepang. Seperti
konferensi, pengembangan vaksin, serta antibiotic untuk mengatasi kedua penyakit ini.

KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

Dengan membaca dan memahami isi jurnal diatas saya dapat membuat suatu kesimpulan
bahwa upaya pencegahan TBC dan AIDS saat ini cukup memberikan progress yang baik dengan
adanya upaya pencegahan serta pengembangan teknologi yang baru dalam mengatasi kedua
ppenyakit ini seprti metode pengobatan yang baru serta pengembangan vaksin. perkembangan
penelitian dalam bidang ilmiah dari tahun ke tahun sangat pesat terbukti dari banyaknya
muncul jurnal-jurnal ilmiah yang di upload di media elektonik seperti internet oleh karena itu
dalam mencari dan memilih jurnal ilmiah pilihhah dari sumber 10 atau 5 tahun terakhir karena
sifatnya memperbarui hasil penelitian ilmiah sebelumnya.