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(Most and least affordable
colleges)
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least affordable colleges)
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sn]h–egf{sf] ;donfO{ dWogh/ /fVb} cf};t !)=( k|ltzt z'Ns j[l4 ePsf] 5 .
(Books on affordable price)
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g ljBfyL{nfO{ ;'emfj==============$
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g cd]l/sfdf ljb]zL ljBfyL{===$
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(Photo, news and review)
g gful/s k|Zg–pQ/=============^
k|ltj]bgdf ( k|sf/sf leGgfleGg} ;"rL 5g\ . cjlwdf gLlh, gfkmf gsdfpg], rf/
(Civic Test - One Q/A)
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g rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb=========^
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public, four-year institutions) n] ;g\ @)!)–!! sn]h (Turtle Mountain Community College)
(Most common English
words) af6 ;g\ @)!@–!# k'Ubf cf};t !# k|ltzt afFsL csf]{ k]hdf
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b]lvPsf] 5 . z'Ns – @!,^$! 8n/
o; jif{sf] ;"rL %= o'lgel;{6L ckm Go' XofD;/ (University
pSt k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z ( k|sf/sf of New Hampshire) – d'Vo SofDk;, Go'
leGgfleGg} ;"rLdWo] d'Vo $ ;"rLsf % d'Vo XofD;/ (NH) M z'Ns – @!,$@$ 8n/
sn]hx? o:tf 5g\M ;jf{lws dxFuf] ;"rL d"NoM rf/ jif]{, gLlh u}/
s"n z'Nssf cfwf/df w]/} dxFufM rf/ jif]{, gLlh gfkmfd'ns (Most Expensive List Price: Four-
u}/gfkmfd'ns (Most Expensive Net Price: Year, Private Nonprofits)
Four-Year, Private Nonprofits) != NofG8dfs{ sn]h, ed{G6M z'Ns – $(,&(#
!= xN6 OG6/g];gn lahg]; :s"n (Hult 8n/
International Business School), Dof;fr';]6\; @= sf]nlDaof o'lgel;{6L (Columbia Univer-
(MA) M z'Ns– $^,&$^ 8n/ sity), Go'of]s{ (NY) M z'Ns – $&,@$^ 8n/
@= :s"n ckm b cf6{ OlG:6Ro'6 ckm #= ;/fx n/]G; sn]h (Sarah Lawrence Col-
l;sfuf] (School of the Art Institute of Chi- lege), Go'of]s{M z'Ns – $^, (@$ 8n/ c+u|]hL–g]kfnL,
cago), Olngf]o (IL) M z'Ns – $$,*#* 8n/ $= ef:;/ sn]h (Vassar College), Go'of]s{M
#= b af]:6g sGh/e]6/L (The Boston z'Ns – $^,@&) 8n/
g]kfnL–c+u|]hL
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8n/ ty), sg]6Ls6 (CT) M z'Ns – $%,(@* 8n/ English-Nepali,
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(California Institute of the Arts), u}/;fj{hlgs (Most Expensive List Price: Dictionary
Soflnkmf]lg{of (CA) M z'Ns – $@,^!^ 8n/ Four-Year Publics)
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ed{G6 (VT) M z'Ns – $!,$#& 8n/ SofDk;, k]G;ne]lgofM z'Ns – !^,%() 8n/
s"n z'Nssf cfwf/df w]/} dxFufM rf/ jif]{, @= k]G;ne]lgof :6]6 o'lgel;{6L, d'Vo
;fj{hlgs (Most Expensive Net Price: Four- SofDk;, k]G;ne]lgofM z'Ns – !^,$$$ 8n/
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!= dfofdL o'lgel;{6L (Miami University) – SofDk;, Go' XofD;/M z'Ns – !^,$@@ 8n/
cS;kmf]8{ (Oxford), cf]xfof] (OH) M $= sf]nf]/f8f] :s"n ckm dfOG;, sf]nf]/f8f]M
z'Ns – @$,^&$ 8n/ z'Ns – !%,^%$ 8n/
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nia State University), d'Vo SofDk;, Vermont), ed{G6M z'Ns – !%,@*$ 8n/
k]G;ne]lgof (PA) M z'Ns – @@,%^) 8n/ àà • c+u|]hLaf6 g]kfnL !@ xhf/
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!(!# df z'? eP/ ;g\ gress) nfO{ o'4sf] 3f]if0ff o'4 ;lsof] .
!(@! df ;lsPsf] lyof] . ug{'k5{ eGg'eof] . ;g\ !(!* /fi6«klt ljN;g k|mfG;
klxnf] sfo{sfnsf bf}/fg hgj/L * df pxfFn] s+u|];nfO{ (France) sf] /fhwfgL k]l/;
pxfFn] cd]l/sfnfO{ ljZjo'4af6 ;Daf]wg ug'{eof] . rf}w a'Fbfsf] (Paris) ;Dd hfg'eof] . o'4df
6f9} /fVg ;Sg'eof] . ;g\ of]hgf cl3 ;fl/of] / o'4df hd{gL (Germany) k/flht la6 dfbf{dfb}{
!(!& k'Ubf gk'Ub} pxfFnfO{ hfg] lg0f{o ul/of] . hd{gL;Fu eof] . pxfFn] o'4kl5 hd{gL;Fu
jftf{ ug'{eof] .
Ifdfk|fyL{
o;/L cd]l/sfnfO{ ljZjo'4af6 o'4 z'? eof] . …cIfl/sfÚ df ;do–;fk]If
/ cln a9L ;fdu|L k:sg]
c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL 29 tof/Ldf nfUbf w]/} ;do
nfu]sf] 5 . ;do km'Ts]/
c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ sl/a # xhf/ zAb eP k'U5, tLdWo]sf zAbsf] pgGtL;f}+ ;"rL uPkl5 xft nfUg s'g}
-efu @(_ cj:yf /xFb}g .
• case : • cast : • cat : ;g\ @)!# z'? ePotf
gfd– d'2f, dfldnf, xfnt, gfd– bfp, cfs[lt, gf6s jf gfd– la/fnf], laNnL, Dofp, lgoldt c+seGbf km/s
cj:yf, v08, kIf, ljifo, / lgoldt k[i7eGbf a9L
rnlrqsf snfsf/, cfsf/ ss{zf :qL, O{iof{n' dlxnf,
l:ylt, Aofu, sf08, s'/f, lbg] sfdn] …cIfl/sfÚsf]
k|sf/, vfsf, 9nfgdf k|of]u sf]/f{ . lgoldttf k|efljt ePsf]
ldl;n, k]6L, a§f, afs;, ul/g] ;fFrf], e"ldsf . lqmof– sf]/f{ xfGg', afGtf ug'{ .
;Gb's, pbfx/0f, kl/l:ylt, 5 . ;g\ @)!# sf] hgj/Ldf
lqmof– ˆofFSg', xfNg', -dt_ • catch : cltl/Stfª\s / gf]e]Da/ c+s
;d:of, cfj/0f . of] zAb v;fNg', km}nfpg', If]k0f ug'{, lqmof– ;dfTg', nfUg', ;dfpg',
cbfnt d'2f–dfldnf / ^ k[i7sf] lyof] .
e"ldsf lbg', 5f]8\g', 9fNg', kS8g', kqmg', pDsg glbg', ;g\ @)!$ clk|n / h'g
c:ktfn la/fdLaf/] -/f]u jf
9nfg ug'{, . km;fpg', ;'g]/ a'‰g', c+s *–* k[i7 tyf of]
/f]usf] lsl;d_ pNn]v x'Fbf
• castle : clNemg', /f]u nfUg', df]lxt kfg'{, c+s ^ k[i7 ul/gfn] l9nf]
k|of]u x'G5 .
gfd– lsNnf, b'u{, sf]6, 7"nf] cfslif{t ug'{ . x'g uPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu
lqmof– ;Gb'sdf /fVg', a§fdf
dxn, Sof;n, a'l4rfnsf] gfd – kS8fO, kqmfO, ;dfTofO, ;Dkfbs–d08n kf7s–
/fVg', k/LIf0f ug'{ . ju{;Fu Ifdf dfU5 . s]xL
• Casey : Pp6f uf]6L . ks8, r's'n, u'Kt, sl7gfO,
lqmof– lsNnf :yfkgf ug'{, 5sfpg] k|Zg, w]/} :j/x?n] c+sleq} k'gM ;dod} lgsfNg
gfd– o'/f]k / cd]l/sfdf yfNg] k|ltj4tf hfx]/ u5{ .
k|rlnt k'?ifsf] Ps gfd, lsNnf aGbL ug'{, a'l4rfnsf] ufpg ;lsg] uLt .
wGojfb
s];L . v]ndf Sof;n uf]6L rnfpg' . qmdzM
Gyan Jyoti Kendra, 49 Lane Road, Chichester, NH 03258, Email : aksharica.communication@gmail.com, URL : http://gyanjyotikendra.org/
Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Co-ordinator : Tara Acharya, Managing Director : Sattan Acharya

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