eae ‘+ However, moment distribation does provide a simple procedure to verify the results of the computer analysis of large multistory, ‘multibay, continuous frames under vertical load. In this procedure (illustrated in Sec. 15.7), a free-body diagram of an individual floor ‘including the atached columns above and below the floor) lated, and the ends of the columns are assumed to be fixed or the column stiffness is adjusted for boundary conditions. Because the influence Of forces on floors above and below has only a small effect on the floor being analyzed, the method provides & good approximation of forces in the floor system in question. i PROBLEMS PI3.L to PI3.7. Analyze each structure by moment dis- tribution, Determine all reactions and draw the shear and moment diagrams, locating points of inflection and label- ing values of maximum shear and moment in each span. Unless otherwise nored, Elis constant. Problems ne jo _} |——on —3m—1 Eo we 3kipsift + ne ae Fe Piss }-—w—1.—_ 1 —-se 847548 Chytei3 Mone Duo | PI38 to P1310, Analyze by moment distribution. P1311. Analyze the frame in Figure P13.11 by moment | Modify stiffness as discussed in Section 13.5. ET iscon- distribution. Determine all reactions and draw the shear stant. Draw the shear and moment diagrams. ‘and moment diagrams, locating points of inflection and labeling values of maximum shear and moment in each span. Given: ETis constant. ba ee Pisa Pei6ips Pe 16xipe _—— » —__ Piatt beg 9b — 29 ht od P1312. Analyze the reinforced concrete box in Figure Pras 13.12 by moment distribution. Modify stifinesses as discussed in Section 13.5, Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the top slab AB. Given: EF is constant, | oe ve=2Abipa (gs ln lok Ne ee eC RD $16} — 1 1-10 Pras0 wa 00 kip~-nd + PI3.A3. Analyze the frame in Figure P13.13 by the ‘moment distribution method. Determine all reactions and draw the moment and shear curves. Given: Fis constant. Fixed supports at A and D. be ém-—+— 4m — pisaa 13.14. The cross section of the rectangular ring in Figure P13.14 is 12 in x 8 in. Draw the moment and shear eurves forthe ring; E = 3000 kipstin* w=2 ip a2 azine Tit T Ts bee et L.| . | | Se 6 Te rs | o+ ee Problems 549 PI3.1S. Analyze the frame in Figure P13.15 by moment distribution. Determine all reactions and draw the shear and moment diagrams, locating points of inflection and lnbeling values of maximum shear and moment in each, span. Eis constant, bu [varies as indicated below. =iott (Litt sh Fy : ES b$—— ay —__.— 1 1 praas P1316, Analyze the frame in Figure P13.16 by moment istribution. Determine all reactions and draw the shear ‘and moment diagrams, locating points of inflection and labeling values of maximum shear and moment in each span. Given: ZT is constant bedi oro bed pra.s6550 Chapter 13. Moment Distsbution 13.17. Analyze the frame in Figure P13.17 by moment distribution. Determine all reactions and draw the shear and moment diagrams, locating points of inflection and labeling values of maximum shear and moment in each, span. E is constant, but / varies as noted. We + ae w CTD — 6° —+— el pisa7 P1318. Analyze the frame in Figure P13.18 by the mo- ‘ment distribution method, Determine all resctions and draw the shear and moment curves. Given: ET is constant. P1319, Analyze the beam in Figure P13.19 by the mo- ‘ment distribution method. Determine all reactions and raw the moment and shear curves for beam ABCDE; ELis constant. ree ee 4 D pisae 13.20, If support B in Figure P13.20 is constructed 1.2 Jn too low, what value of vertical force must be applied at Bo push the beam down into contact withthe sup- port so that a connection can be made? What values of ‘moment are induced in the beam? Given: f = 400 in‘, E = 29,000 kipsfin’. A 2 c ral : bw P1320Problems 551 P1321. If support Bin Figure P1321 sets in under P1323. Due to a construction enor, the support at D the 16-kip load, detecmine the reactions and draw the tas been constructed 0.6 into the left of column BD. ‘hear and moment curves for the beam. Given: E = Using momentdistribotion, determine the reactions that [30,000 kipsin® 1 = 600 in sre created when the frame is connected tothe suppor and the uniform load is applied to member BC. Drew poise the shear and moment diagrams and sketch the deflected shape. E = 29,000 kipslin?, = 240 in forall members bw 4+ piszt 13.22. Analyze the Vierendeel truss in Figure P1322 by moment distribution. Draw the shear and moment diagrams for members AB and AF. Sketch the deflected shape, and determine the deflection at midspan. Given: Elis constant, E = 200 GPa, and I = 250 x 10° mm, 13.24, What moments are created in the frame in Fig. ‘ure PI3.24 by a temperature change of +80°F in girder ABC? The coefficient of temperature expansion a, = 6.46 X 10° (ininy°F and E = 29,000 kipslin’. [ eS ee 160018 rs) 7. ce - mee © meee . ow.552 Chapter 13 Moment Distribution 13.25. Determine the reactions and the moments in- duced in the members of the frame in Figure P13.25 ‘when it is connected to the pin at support D. Given: EI is constant for all members, J = 450 in’, and E = 30,000 kipsfin’ 13.27. Analyze the frame in Figure P13.27 by mo- ‘ment distribution. Draw the shear and moment curves. Sketch the deflected shape. E is constant and equals 30,000 kips/in’. waste P1326. Analyze the stricture in Figure P13.26 by moment distribution raw the shear and moment diagrams. Sketch the deflected shape. Also compute the horizontal displacement of joint B. Note that / is given in units of int; Eis constant and equals 30,000 kipsfin’, 6kipe e mee . mwP1328, Analyze the frame in Figure P13.28 by moment distribution. Draw the shear and moment curves. Compute the horizontal deflection of joint B. Sketch the deflected shape. Note that is given in units of in; Eis constant and equals 30,000 kips/in’. Problems 553Influence Lines 14,1, Introduction ‘To establish how a particular intemal force at a designated point varies as live load passes over a structure, we construct influence lines. The construction of influence lines for indeterminate structures follows the same procedure as that in Chapter 8 for determinate structures; that is, a unit load is moved across the structure, and values of a particular reac- tion or internal force are plotted below successive positions of the load, Since computer programs for analyzing structures are generally available to practicing engineers, even highly indeterminate structures can be ana- lyzed for many positions of the unit load rapidly and inexpensively. ‘Therefore, certain of the traditional time-consuming hand methods, for rmerly used to construct influence lines, are of limited value to contem- porary engineers. Our main goals in this chapter are 1, ‘To become familiar with the shape of influence lines forthe support reactions and forces in continuous beams and frames 2. To develop an ability to sketch the approximate shape of influence lines for indeterminate beams and frames rapidly 3, To establish how to position distributed loads on continuous structures to maximize shear and moment at critical sections of beams and columns ‘We begin this chapter by constructing influence lines for the reactions, shears, and moments in several simple indeterminate beams. Although the influence lines for determinate structures consist of straight segments, the influence lines for indeterminate beams and frames are’ curved, ‘Therefore, o define elearly the shape of the influence lines of an inde terminate beam, we must often evaluate the ordinates at more points than is necessary for a determinate beam, In the case ofan indeterminate truss556 Chaptes 4 EXAMPLE 14.1 Indeterminate Stremres:Tfluence Lines or girder loaded at pane! points by a floor beam and stringer system com- posed of simply supported members, the influence lines will consist of straight segments between panel points. ‘We will also discuss the use of the Muller-Breslau principle to sketch «qualitative influence lines for both internal forces and reactions fora vari- ety of indeterminate beams and frames. Based on these influence lines, ‘we will establish guidelines for positioning live loads to produce maxi- ‘mum values of shear and moments at critical sections (adjacent to sup- [ports or at midspan) of these structures. 14.2 Construction of Influence Lines Us Moment Distribution ‘Moment distribution provides a convenient technique for constructing influence lines for continuous beams and frames of constant cross see- tion, Moreover, with appropriate design charts, the method can easily be extended to structures that contain members of variable depth (for exam- ple, see Table 13.1). FFor each position of the unit load, the moment distribution analysis, supplies all member end moments, After the end moments are deter ‘mined, reactions and intetnal forces at critical sections can be established by cutting free bodies and using the equations of statics to compute internal forces. Example 14.1 illustrates the use of moment distribution for constructing the influence lines for the reactions of a beam indeter- ‘inate tothe first degree. To simplify the computations inthis example, the ordinates of the influence lines (see Fig. 14.1¢ to e) are evaluated at inter- vals of one-fifth the span length, In en actual design situation (for example, ‘a bridge girder) a smaller increment—one-twelfth to one-ifteenth of the span length—would be more appropriate (@) Using a moment distribution, construct the influence Hines for the reactions at supports A and B of the beam in Figure 14.14. (b) Given L = 25 ft, determine the moment created at support B by the 16- and 24-kip set of whee! loads shown in Figure 14.1a when they ‘are positioned at points 3 and 4, ET is constant. Solution (@ Influence tines will be constructed by placing the unit load at six points—a distance 0.22 apart—along the axis of the beam. The points are indicated by the circled numbers in Figure 14.14, We will discuss the ‘computations for points 1, 2, and 6 to illustrate the procedure. ane * mane em eeSection 42 Construction of lnuence Lines Using Moment Disbation S87 mm? 2 OP P @ tip ai 4 Read yap L__—seomer © ‘To establish the influence line ordinate at the left end (point 1), the unit load is placed on the beam directly over support A (see Fig. 14.14). Since the entire load passes directly into the support, the beam is unstressed; therefore, R, = 1 kip, Ry = 0, and My = 0. Similarly, ifthe unit load is moved to point 6 (applied directly to the fixed support), Ry = I kip, Ry = 0, and My = 0. The above reactions, which represent the ordinates of the influence line at points 1 and 6, are plotted in Figure Llc, d, and e. ‘We next move the unit load a distance 0.2L to the right of support A and determine the moment at B by moment distribution (see Fig. 14.16). ‘Compute fixed-end moments (see Fig. 12.5): Past __\0aL)(0.8tyt Ee Poa? 1(0381)(0.2L)* ~ Woang ‘The moment distribution is caried out on the sketch in Figure 14.15. After the end moment of 096 is established at support B, we compute the vertical reaction at A by summing moments about B of the forces on a free body of the beam: FEMy = — 0.128L. +0082, Ct EM, RyL = (0.8L) + 0.0961 = 0 Ra 704 kip Compute Rei i xR-0 Rat Re 1-0 Ry = 0.296 kip ‘FOOB6E end moment ous 2 0208 0.056 See ato 0792 _ 0944 o.1682_0.192L oon ne ZA , Siew © Figure 14.1: (a) Unit oad a suppoct A (8) wie loud O24 to right of suppor. A) inuence ine for reaction at A; (d) lfuene line for vers rexction at B () influence ine for moment at suppor B. continues on next pagelSSB Chapter 14 Indeterminate Structures: Influence Lines Example 14.1 continues EXAMPLE 14.2 ‘To compute the balance of the influence line ordinates, we move the unit load to points 3, 4, and 5 and reanalyze the beam for each position of the load. The computations, which are not shown, establish the remaining influence line ordinates. Figure 14.1c to ¢ shows the final influence lines, (@) Moment at de to wheel loads (see Fig. 14.le) is My = Zingluence line ordinate X (load) 0.168L(16 kips) + 0.1921(24 kips) = 7.296L = 7.296(25) = 182.4kipft Ams. ‘Construct the influence lines for shear and moment at section 4 of the ‘beam in Figure 14.1a, using the influence line in Figure 14.1¢ to evalu- ate the reaction at A for various positions of the unit load Solution With the unit load at either support A or B (points | and 6 in Fig. 14.14), the beam is unstressed; therefore, the shear and moment at point 4 are zero, and the ordinates of the influence lines in Figure 14.2e and f begin and end at zero. ‘Toestablish the ordinates of the influence lines for other positions of the unit load, we will use the equations of statics to evaluate the internal forces on a free body of the beam tothe left ofa section through point 4. ‘The free body in Figure 14.2a shows the unit load at point 2, The reac- tion at A of 0.704 kip is read from Figute 14.1c. i 3R=0 0704 -1-¥,=0 Vs = -0.296 kip Ct EM =0 (0.706 kip) (0.6L) (1 kip) (0.4L) ~ My = 0 M,= 0.02242 kip Figure 14.25 shows the unit load just to the left of point 4, For this posi- tion ofthe unit load, the equations of equilibrium given Vg, = ~0:792 Jip and Miz = 0.125L kiprf. Ifthe unit load is moved a distance dx across the ent to the free body’ on the right of section 4, the resetion at A doesnot change, but the unit load is no longer onthe free body (see Fis. 14.2c). Writing the equations of equilibrium, we compute Vag = 0208 - mee e mee .- =,Section 143, MUlle-BresnaPracple 559 kip and M,, = 0.125L kip-R. Figure 14.2d shows the forces on the free body when the unit load is at point $ (ff the free body). Computations give V, = 0.056 kip and My = 0.0336L kip-t. Using the computed val tues of hear and moment at seetion 4 forthe various position ofthe unit Jad, we plot the influence lines for shear in Figure 142e and for moment in Figure 14.3 Figure 14.2: Influence ines fr shear and momeat st seton 4 (0 unt oa at section 2: ulead to et of scion 4 () uni a 0 right of seton 44 (© unit ad section 5; (@) iafoece ne fo shear (7) incre ine fr moment o 3, MillerBreslau Principle “The Miller-Breslau principe (previously introduced and applied to deter- rminate structures in See. 84) states: “The ordinates of an influence Hine for any fore are proportional to the ordinates of the deflected shape of the released structure produced by removing the capacity ofthe rea structure to eary the force and then introducing atthe location of the release a displacement that corre: sponds tothe restraint removed. ‘We begin ths section by using Batis law to demonstrat the valid- ity ofthe Miller-Breslau principle. We wil then use the Miller-Breslau principle to construct qualitative and quantitative influence lines fr ev eal common types of indeterminate Beams and frames.560 Chapter 14 Indeterminate Stuctuses:Eafivence Lies 5 ® © Figure 14.3: (2) Unit Joad used to const Inflocnce ine for Ry: (b) wit load wsed to inte duce a dixplacerent into the released structure; (6 influence ine for Ry, mee . “To demonstrate the validity ofthe MullerBreslau principle, we will consider two procedures to construct an influence line forthe reaction at support A of the continuous beam in Figure 14,3a. In the conventional procedure, we apply a unit load to the beam at various points along the span, evaluate the corresponding value of R,, and plot it below the posi- tion of the unit load. For example, Figure 14.3 shows a unit load, used to construct an influence line, at an arbitrary point x on the beam, Ry is assumed positive inthe direction shown (vertically upward). If the Miller-Breslau principe is valid, we can also produce the correct shape ofthe influence line for the reaction at simply by removing the sup- port at A (to produce the released structure) and introducing into the struc- ture at that point a vertical displacement which corresponds to reaction Ry supplied by the roller (see Fig. 14.35). We introduce the displacement that ‘corresponds to R, by arbitrarily applying a I-kip load vertically at . Denoting the loading in Figure 14.3a as system 1 and the loading in Figure 14.3b as system 2, we now apply Betti’s law, given by Equation 10.40; to the two systems IAA: = Fads (19.40) ‘where Ais the displacement in system 2 that comesponds to F and A, is the displacement in system 1 that corresponds to F. If a force in one ofthe systems is a moment, the corresponding displacement is a rotation. Substituting into Equation 10.40, we find RBar + (1kip)G) = 1(0) a4) Since the reactions at supports B and Cin both systems do no virtual work because the supports in the other system do not displace, these terms are omitted from both sides of Equation 14.1. Solving Equation 14.1 for Ry, we compute 42) Since 6 has @ constant valve but the value of 8y, vacies along the axis ofthe beam, Equation 14.2 shows that R, is propomiona to the ordinates of the deflected shape in Figure 14,3b. Therefore, the shape of the infla- ence line for Ry isthe same as that ofthe deflected shape of the released structure produced by introducing the displacement 8,, at point A, and ‘we verify the Muller-Bresiat principle. The final influence Tine for Ry is shown in Figure 143c. The ordinate at A equals 1 because the unit oad fn the real structure at that point produces @ I-kip reaction at 4. A qualitative influence line, of the type shown in Figure 14.3o, is often adequate for many types of analysis; however, if « quantitative influence line is required, Equation 14.2 shows that it can be constructed by divid- ing the ordinates of the deflected shape by the magnitude ofthe displace- ‘ment 8, introduced at point A.Section 144 Significance of the Minus Sign in Equation 14.2. Ase first step in the construction of an influence line, we must assume a positive direc- tion for the function. For example, in Figure 143a, we assume that the positive direction for Ry is vertically upward. The frst virtual work term in Equation 14.1 is elways positive because both the displacement 8,4 and Ry are in the same direction. The vertical work represented by the second term {(1 kipX8,.)] is also positive because the I-kip force end the displacement 6,, are both directed downward. When we transfer the second term to the tight side of Equation 14.1, a minus sign is intro- duced. The minus sign indicates that R, is ectully directed downward. If the [-kip ioad had been located on span AB—a region where the influ- ence line ordinetes are positive—the virtual work terms containing 3, ‘would have been negative, and when the term was transferred tothe right side of Equation 14-1, the expression for Ry would be positive, indicat- ing that Ry was direoted upward, In summary, we conclude that where an influence line is positive, downward load will always produce a value ofthe function directed in the positive direction, On the other hand, in regions where the influence line is negative, downward load will always produce a value of the func- tion directed in the negative direction. “14.4 Qualitative Influence Lines for Beams In this section we illustrate the use ofthe Muller-Breslau method to con- struct qualitative influence lines for a variety of forces in continuous bbeams and frames. As described in Section 143 in the Miller-Breslau method, we frst remove the capecity of the structure to carry the func tion represented by the influence line, At the location of the release, we introduce a displacement that corresponds to the restraint released. The resulting deflected shape is the influence line to some scale. If you are uncertain about the type of displacement to introduce, imagine force that corresponds to the function is applied atthe location of the release ‘and ereates the displacement. ‘As an example, we will draw the influence line for positive moment at point C of the two-span continuous beam in Figure 14.4a, Point C is located at the midpoint of span BD. To remove the flexural capacity of ‘the beam, we insert a hinge at point C. Since the original structure was indeterminate to the first degree, the released structure shown in Figure 14.46 is stable and determinate, We next introduce a displacement at C that corresponds to a positive moment, as indicated by the two curved arrows on either side of the hinge. The effect of the positive moments at Cis to rotate the ends of each member in the direction of the moment and QuslasveInuence Lines foe Beams 561562 Chapter 14 “Indeterminate Structures: Influence Lies Figure 144: Construction of the influence tine for mament at € by the Miller-Brelsa method (a) ‘worspan beam: (8) released. structure: (@ deflected shape produced by a displacement to ‘he westrain removed at C, (2) moment curves to csablish deflected shape of released suture; { inflvence line for moment C, to displace the hinge upward. Figure 14.4c shows the deflected shape of the beam, which is also the shape of the influence ne Although itis evident that a postive moment at Croats the ends ofthe members, the vertical displacement that also occurs may nat be obvious. To clarify the displacements produced by the moments on each side ofthe hinge, we will examine the free bodies of the beam on each side of the hinge (see Fig. 14.4d), We first compute the reaction at D by sumining ‘moments, about the hinge at C ofthe forces on member CD. Ct BM #0 a mee .- me - mw + ~~ —Section 16.4 M Ro be 2 2M z= For equilibrium to exist in the y-direction for member CD, the verti- cal force atthe hinge C, must be equal in magnitude and opposite in sense 10 Rp, Since C, represents the action of the free body on the left, an equal ‘and opposite force—acting upward—must act at joint C of member ABC. ‘We next compute the reactions at suppuris A and B of member ABC, and we draw the moment curves for each member. Since the moment is positive along the entire length of both members, they bend concave ‘upward, as indicated by the curved lines under the moment diagrams. When member ABC is placed on supports A and B (see Fig. 14.4), point C must move vertically upward to be consistent with the restraints sup- plied by the supports and the curvature created by the moment. The final shape of the influence line is shown in Figure 14.5e. Although the mag- nitude of the positive and negative ordinates is unknown, we can reason thatthe ordinates are greatest inthe span that contains the hinge and the applied loads. As a general rule, the influence ofa foree in one span drops off rapidly with distance from the loaded span. Moreover, a span that cot tains @ hinge is much more flexible than a span that is continuous. Additional Influence Lines for Continuous Beams In Figure 14.5 we use the Muller-Breslau principle to sketch qualitative influence lines for a variety of forces and reactions in a three-span con- tinuous beam. In each case the restraint corresponding to the function represented by the influence lines is removed, and a displacement come sponding to the restraint is introduced into the structure. Figure 14.56 shows the influence line for the reaction at C. The roller and plate device that removes the shear capacity of the cross section in Figure 14.5c is able to transmit both axial load and moment. Since the plates must remain parallel as the shear deformation occurs, the slopes ofthe members attached to.each side ofthe plate must be the same, as shown by the detail to the right of the bearn. In Figure 14.5¢ the influence line for negative moment {8 constructed by introducing a hinge into the beam at C, Since the beam is attached to the support at that point, the ends of the members, under the action of the moments, on each side of the hinge are free to rotate but not to move vertically. The inlueace line for the reaction at "is gener ated by removing the vertical support at F and introducing a vertical dis placement (see Fig. 14.5f), In Example 14.3 we illustrate the use of a qualitative influence line to establish where to Toad a continuous beam to produce the maximum ‘value of shear at a section. ‘QuaitaveIntence Lines fr Beams ;.- mw. 563564 Chapter 4 Indeterminate Structures: Tnflvnee Lines Figure 14.8: Consiusion of influence Hines by the Mulle-Breslau method for the tree span continuous beam in (a; ()infueace line fr Re: {© intence ln for sear at Bs (influence line for negative moment at C; () influence line fr positive moment st D; (7) influence ine for rea fen Rp EXAMPLE 14.3 ‘The continuous beam in Figure 14.6a carries a uniformly distributed live load of 4 kips/ft. The load can be located over all or a portion of each span. Compute the maximum value of shear at midspan (point B) of member AC. Given: ET is constant. Solution ‘To establish the position of the live load to maximize the shear, we fist con- struct a qualitative influence line for shear at point B, Using the Miller~ ‘Breslau principle, we introduce displacements corresponding to positive | |Section 144 Qualitative Intuenee Lines for Beams S65; Ag > Figure 14.6 Computstion of maximum sear at SIS section B: () continuous beam; (faves line for sear a B; (2) analyte of boar with dst ted load placed to price maximum negative bw —— 10-2 —. shear of 17.19 kips at B; (d) analysis of beam with i o Aistrbuted load postioned to prodoce maxim i posite shear of 7.19 pea ‘ v v tanence ie kip tpn 1 er, 4 oBET Jc > a = <3 +4g1)-353 333) 4161 +9187 ister ssi|eer Tia ter thst SE 53s] 3 seas 25 Fiars| | © ! eres Dips 17494 | 2 ae c. ' im T ia 2 ==) Mem 18.16 t Mem 36.28 kip-h y= TDs 29 ps Shear (ip) 8 8281 pt @ shear forces into the bew at section B to produce the influence line shown in Figure 14.6. Since the influence line contains both postive and negative regions, we must investigate to Toading conditions. In the fist case (see Fig. 14.6c) we distribute the uniform load overall sections ‘where the ordinates of the influence line are negative. Inthe second case (Gee Fig, 1464) we load the continuous beam between points B and C ‘where the influence line ordinates are postive. Using moment distribu- tion, we next determine the moment in the Beam at support C. Since the [continues on next page]566 Chapter 14 Indeterminate Stuer Influence Lines Example 14.3 continues .. beam is symmetric about the center support, both members have the same stiffness, and the distribution factors at joint C are identical and equal 10 4, Using Figure 12.5f, we computed fixed-end moments for members AC ‘and CD in Figure 14.6c. _ Mw? _ _11(4)(20*) s FEM = a 91.67 kipft Swi? _ 5(4)(208) _ n= ew = ALG Kip wi? _ 4(20)? . FEMgy = ~FEMye = "& = SEO. +133,33 kipst 2 12 ‘The moment distribution, which is carried out under the sketch of the beam in Figure 14.6, produces a value of moment in the beam at C equal to 143.76 kiprft. Bectuse of roundoff error in the analysis, a small differ- ence exists inthe values of the moments on each side of joint C. We next compute the reaction at A by summing moments about C of the forces acting on a free body of beam AC. After the reaction at A is computed, the shear diagram (see the bottom sketch in Fig. 14.6c) is drawn. The analysis shows that Vp = ~17.19kips. A similar analysis for the loading in Figure 14.6¢ gives Vp = +7.19 kips. Since the magnitude ofthe shear rather than its sign determines the greatest value of the shear stresses at B, the section must be sized to camry a shear force of 17.19 kis. EXAMPLE 14.4 ‘The continuous beam in Figure 14.7a carries a uniformly distributed live Joad of 3 kips/ft. Assuming thatthe load can be located over all or a por- tion of any span, compute the maximum valves of positive and negative ‘moment that can develop at midspan of rember BD. Given: ETis constant. Solution ‘The qualitative influence line for moment at point C, located at midspa of BD, is constructed using the Milles-Breslau principle. A hinge is Inserted at C, anda deformation associated with positive moment is into- duced at that point (See Fig. 14.76). Figure 14.7c shows the lord posi- tioned over the section of the beam in which the influence Hine ordinates are positive. Using moment distribution (the computations are not shown), \we compute the member end moments and construct the moment curv. ‘The maximum positive moment equals 213.33 kip-ft. ee e mae © meeeSection 164 Qualittivelauence Lines for Beams 567 21338 == gg ton “17as7 17087 ° wen 3p waa ket Og eg stn i ‘To establish the maximum value of negative moment at point C, the load is positioned on the beam in those sections in which the inf hience Tine ordinates are negative (see Fig. 14,74), The momient curve for this load- ing is shown below the beam. The maximum value of negative moment is -72 kip- NOTE. To establish the total moment at section C, we must also com- bine each of the live load moments with the positive moment at C pro- duced by dead load. Figure 14:7: (@) Details of besa; () const tion of gustav iafnence tne for morse Cy (6 load posiioned to maximize postive moment £61) lad posioned mania