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Content

Overhead Line Measuring System

1. OHL-Measuring System - Purpose

2. Connection

3. Modes

4. Recognizable Changes of Impedance

5. Technical Parameters

6. Measuring Results at OHL 500 kV, 190 km

7. Optimization of Measuring Results

8. Comparison of Different Settings

9. Limits of Resolution

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Overhead Line Measuring System

Purpose

The portable Overhead Line Measuring System is easy to use and serves:

- to prevent unscheduled outages (diagnostics);


- to check the condition of OHL after long outages and before
re-energizing;
- to locate defects and faults.

The reflectogram can be displayed either in its complete length or in


sections on the screen of the reflectometer.

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Overhead Line Measuring System

Connection

Components:
- Connecting coil – active and passive Connection
- Connection rod with fuse-wire
- Current Clamp (to surveille the earthing current)
- fuse-wire = free hanging melting lead
- Reflectometer “Teleflex VX”

Рефлектометр
TFX-VX

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Overhead Line Measuring System

Modes

Passive measurement
- coupling unit for connection only;
- measuring pulse generated by reflectometer.

Active measurement (for extreme long OHL)


- using the internal pulse generator of the coupling unit;
- showing defects to a distance up to 1.280 km, in dependence of the line
damping.

Correction of the amplitude (de-attenuation)


- compensation of the damping of the pulse
- is achieved by means of a numerical gain of the measured pulse. The
more distant the origin of reflection, the higher the amplitude correction.
depending on the total attenuation of this signal, this correction function
is possible to a certain degree only.

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Overhead Line Measuring System

De- Attenuation Function


(1) damped amplitude
(2) de-attenuated
amplitude

max. gain

50%-fault 50%-fault
(3) gain
(3)

(2) (2)

(1) (1) (1)

lengths of line

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Overhead Line Measuring System

Recognizable changing of impedance

Length of line
- open;
- short circuit (grounded).

Defect on the line


- short circuit;
- interruption;
- contact to ground. TDR coupling
unit
Teleflex VX

Changes of impedance (tuning)

- cross-section changes;
- corrosion at joints;
- sagging or wide overspan;
- crossing of roads, railways, rivers or other lines;
- transpositions:
- trees below the line.

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Overhead Line Measuring System

Technical Parameters

pulse width: 20 ns … 20 µs
pulse amplitude: 30 … 160 V reflectometer)
300 ... 1.500 V (puls generator)
resolution: max. 0.1 m
overcurrent protection: 40 A fuse
measuring range: 20 m … 1.200 km
V/ –range: 10 … 149,9 m/ µs
2
tuning: 10 Ω ... ∞

weight: 48 kg (coupling unit and accessories)


15 kg (reflectometer)

protection degree: I acc. DIN VDE 0106 part 1


operating system: Embedded Linux
display: 15„ VGA, 1024 x 768
memory: > 1.000 measurements

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Overhead Line Measuring System -
Measurement

Overhead Line 500 kV (190 km): Results

Basic data
date: 23.10.2012
time: 14:21:41
v/ 148,8 m/µs
2
pulse width: 2.000 ns
pulse amplitude: 160 V
de-attenuation.: 95%
gain: 2 dB

Known changes of the impedance


earthing at the far end 190,0 km
transposition 1 62,8 km
transposition 2 127,1 km

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Overhead Line Measuring System -
Measurement

Overhead Line 500 kV (190 km): Short Circuit at Far End

Basic data
date: 23.10.2012
time: 13:15 + 13:25
v/ 148,8 m/µs
2
pulse width: 5.000 ns
pulse amplitude: 120 V
de-attenuation.: 50%
gain: -5 dB

Known changes of the impedance


- earthing at the end (beam-No. 707a at 190,03 km)
- flexible earthing near to earthing switch (beam-No. 701 at 187,80 km)

The rest of reflectogram remains absolutely congruent!

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Overhead Line Measuring System -
Measurement

Overhead Line 500 kV (190 km) in detail: 80 ... 110 km

<<< 280 м >>> <<< 525 м >>> <<< 285 м >>>

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Overhead Line Measuring System -
Measurement

Overhead Line 500 kV (190 km) in detail: 80 ... 110 km

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Overhead Line Measuring System -
Measurement

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Overhead Line Measuring System -
Messung

Overhead Line 500 kV (190 km) in detail: 110 ... 140 km

<<< 324 м >>> <<< 890 м >>> <<< 222 м >>>

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Overhead Line Measuring System -
Measurement

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Overhead Line Measuring System -
Measurement

Overhead Line 500 kV (190 km) in detail: 110 .... 140 km

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Overhead Line Measuring System -
Measurement

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Overhead Line Measuring System -
Measurement

Overhead Line 500 kV (190 km) in detail: 110 ... 140 km

<<< 250 m>>> <<< 130 m>>> <<< 345 m>>>

lake nearby

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Overhead Line Measuring System -
Measurement

Overhead Line 500 kV (190 km) in detail: 140 ... 170 km

<<< 487 m>>> <<< 383 m>>> <<< 173 m>>>

mountain with forest (2.000 above sea level +/


- 150 m)

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Overhead Line Measuring System -
Measurement

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Overhead Line Measuring System -
Measurement

Overhead Line 500 kV (190 km) in detail: 140 ... 170 km

<<< 235 m>>> <<< 1.134 m>>> <<< 167 m>>>

© 2012 SebaKMT – MADE in GERMANY 22


Overhead Line Measuring System -
Measurement

© 2012 SebaKMT – MADE in GERMANY 23


Overhead Line Measuring System -
Measurement

Overhead Line 500 kV (190 km) in detail: 170 ... FL-Ende

<<< 490 m >>> <<< 460 m >>>

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Overhead Line Measuring System -
Measurement

© 2012 SebaKMT – MADE in GERMANY 25


Overhead Line Measuring System -
Measurement

Optimization of Measurement Results

- narrow pulses for short lines << === >> wide pulses for long lines

- de-attenuation „ProRange”

- averaging out of 256 single measurements

- clever gain settings

© 2012 SebaKMT – MADE in GERMANY 26


Overhead Line Measuring System -
Measurement

Overhead Line 500 kV (190 km): Averaging

Basic data
date: 23.10.2012
time: 13:25 … 13:30
v/ 148,8 m/µs
2
length: 190 km
pulse width: 10.000 ns
pulse amplitude: 300 V
de-attenuation.: 50 %
gain: 19 ==> 4 dB

© 2012 SebaKMT – MADE in GERMANY 27


Overhead Line Measuring System -
Measurement

Overhead Line 500 kV (190 km): Comparison of different


settings
de-attenuation. = 50%
Basic data
date: 23.10.2012
time: 13:15 … 13:51
v/ 148,8 m/µs
2
length: 190 km
pulse width: 5.000 ns
pulse amplitude: 120 V
de-attenuation.: 50 … 95%
gain: -5 dB
de-attenuation. = 95%

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Overhead Line Measuring System -
Measurement

Overhead Line 500 kV (190 km): Comparison of different


settings
de-attenuation. = 0%
Basic data
date: 23.10.2012
time: 13:15 … 13:24
v/ 148,8 m/µs
2
length : 2 x 190 km
pulse width: 10.000 ns de-attenuation. = 60%
pulse amplitude: 300 V
de-attenuation.: 0 … 85 %
gain: -5 dB

de-attenuation. = 80%

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Overhead Line Measuring System -
Measurement

Overhead Line 500 kV (190 km): Limits (Resolution)

Basic data
date: 23.10.2012
time: 14:21:41
v/ : 148,8 m/µs
2
pulse width: 2.000 ns
pulse width: 160 V
de-attenuation..: 95%
gain: 2 dB

Calculation of the covering range of 1 pulse


lzone = pulse width [µs] * v [m/µs]
Overhead Line lzone= 2.000*10-3 µs * 300 m/µs
total length: 190 km lzone= 600 m
beams (total qty.): 707 pcs.
max. distance betw. beams: 1.134 m
average dist. betw. beams:  270 m

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