SOLUTION TO PRELIM QUIZ 2 DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES

FREELY FALLING BODY

1. A stone is thrown downward from a 100 meters high building with an initial velocity of
5 m/s. How long, in seconds, will it take for it to hit the ground? 4.034 s

SOLUTION:

Direction of the stone is downward, therefore, g is +

1
𝑠 = 𝑣1 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
1
100 = 5𝑡 + (9.81)𝑡 2
2
9.81𝑡 2 + 10𝑡 − 200 = 0
𝑡 = 4.034228153 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡 = −5.053596144 sec(𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑑)
𝒕 ≈ 𝟒. 𝟎𝟑𝟒 𝒔𝒆𝒄

2. A man in a hot air balloon drops an apple at a height of 100 m. If the balloon is rising at
20 m/s, find the highest point, in meters, reached by the apple. 120.4 m

SOLUTION:

The apple starts at point 1 reaching maximum height at point 2 ; g is -

𝑣2 = 𝑣1 − 𝑔𝑡
0 = 20 − 9.81𝑡
20
𝑡= 𝑠𝑒𝑐
9.81
1
𝑠 = 𝑣1 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2
2
20 1 20 2
= 20 (9.81) − 2 (9.81) (9.81) = 20.38735984
ℎ = 100 + 20.38735984 = 120.38735984 ≈ 𝟏𝟐𝟎. 𝟒 𝒎

3. A ball is thrown vertically into the air at 90 m/s. After 2 seconds, another ball is thrown
vertically. What should be the second ball’s velocity, in m/s, in order to pass the first ball
at 40-m from the ground? 80.47 m/s

SOLUTION:

Fist ball, path 1 to 2

1
𝑠 = 𝑣1 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2
2
1
40 = 90𝑡 − (9.81)𝑡 2
2
4.905𝑡 2 − 90𝑡 + 40 = 0
𝑡 = 17.89285856 sec 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡 = 0.4557652936 𝑠𝑒𝑐
The time 0.4558 sec is the time going up and reaching the 40 m height and the 17.89 sec is the time when
it returns to the 40 m height.

Second ball, path 3 to 4, time of flight is 17.89285856 – 2 = 15.89285856 sec.

1
𝑠 = 𝑣3 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2
2
1
40 = 𝑣3 (15.89285856) − (9.81)(15.89285856)2
2
𝑣3 = 80.47132494 ≈ 𝟖𝟎. 𝟒𝟕 𝒎/𝒔

VARIABLE ACCELERATION CASE I, s = f(t)

The position of the particle along a straight line is given by 𝑠 = 1.5𝑡 3 − 13.5𝑡 2 + 22.5𝑡 .

4. Determine the time, t > 1 sec, when the particle stops. 5 sec.

SOLUTION:

𝑠 = 1.5𝑡 3 − 13.5𝑡 2 + 22.5𝑡

𝑑𝑠
= 4.5𝑡 2 − 27𝑡 + 22.5 = 𝑣
𝑑𝑡
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑣 = 0, 𝑡 = 5 sec 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1 𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡 > 1 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡 = 5 𝑠𝑒𝑐

5. Determine the total distance it travels , in ft , during the 6 seconds time interval. 69 ft

t, sec s, meters
0 0
1 10.5
5 -37.5
6 -27

Total distance travelled, d = 10.5 + 10.5 + 37.5 + 10.5 = 69 ft

VARIABLE ACCELERATION CASE II, a = f(t) )

The acceleration of a particle as it moves along a straight line is given by 𝑎 = 2𝑡 − 1 , where t is in

seconds and a is in m/s2. When t = 0 , s = 1 m and v = 2 m/s .

6. Determine the velocity, in m/s, when t = 3 seconds. 8 m/s

SOLUTION:

𝑎 = 2𝑡 − 1
𝑑𝑣
= 2𝑡 − 1
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣 = (2𝑡 − 1)𝑑𝑡
𝑣 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ (2𝑡 − 1)𝑑𝑡
2 0
𝑣 − 2 = 𝑡2 − 𝑡
𝑣 = 2 + 𝑡2 − 𝑡
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 3 𝑠𝑒𝑐, 𝑣 = 2 + 32 − 3 = 𝟖 𝒎/𝒔

7. Determine the total distance the particle travels after 6 seconds, in meters. 66 m

SOLUTION:

𝑣 = 2 + 𝑡2 − 𝑡
𝑑𝑠
= 𝑡2 − 𝑡 + 2
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑠 = (𝑡 2 − 𝑡 + 2)𝑑𝑡
𝑠 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫ (𝑡 2 − 𝑡 + 2)
1 0
𝑡3 𝑡2
𝑠 − 1 = − + 2𝑡
3 2
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 6
63 62
𝑠 = 1 + − + 2(6) = 67
3 2
𝑑 = 67 − 1 = 𝟔𝟔 𝒎

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