HINDU VIDYAPEETH, SONIPAT

Session: 2017-18

AN
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT ON
CHEMISTRY

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Mr. Pradeep Kumar Vivek
Class- 11th
Section- B
Roll No.- 11247

Teacher’s Signature Principal’s Signature

 Acknowledgement
I have grateful pleasure in expressing my
gratitude to Mr. Pradeep Lakda our
Chemistry Teacher for his valuable guidance
and suggestion. It is due to his
encouragement that the project reaches to
final stage.
Secondly I would express my thanks to my
Parents and my friends to help me in this
project.

Date Signature
INDEX

S. No. Contents
1 Purpose
2 Introduction
3 Theory
4 Apparatus
5 Chemical Required
6 Detection of pH
7 Test for Carbon Dioxide
8 Test for Glucose
9 Test for Alcohol
10 Test for Sucrose
11 Result
12 Conclusion
 Determination
Of the contents
Of Cold drinks.
 Purpose
In recent days, soft drinks brands were put
into Questions regarding their purity. News
flashed that they contain harmful pesticide,
which Arouse many interests in knowing its
contents because I have been drinking them
for years. I wanted to confirm that whether
the charge imposed on these brands are true
or not.
Another fact which inspired me to do this
project is that I am in touch with Qualitative
Analysis whose knowledge with other factors
helped me to do so.
 Introduction
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the
industrialization in India marked its
beginning with launching of Limca and
Goldspot by parley group of companies. Since,
the beginning of cold drinks was highly
profitable and luring, many multinational
companies launched their products in India
like Pepsi and Coke.

Nowadays, it is observed in general that

majority of people viewed Sprite, Mirinda and
limca to get felling of lightness, while Pepsi
and Thumps Up to activate pulse and brain.
Theory
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of
alcohol, Carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, Phosphate
ions etc. These soft drinks give feeling of warmth,
lightness and have a tangy taste which is liked by
everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for
formation of forth on shaking the bottle.
The Carbon dioxide is dissolved in water to form
Carbonic acid which is also responsible for tangy
taste. Carbohydrates are naturally occurring
Organic compounds and are major source of
energy to our body. General formula of
Carbohydrates is CX(H2 O)Y.
On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates
are classified as:- Monosaccharides, Disaccharides
and Polysaccharides. Glucose is Monosaccharide
with formula C6H12O6. It occurs in free state in the
ripen grapes in bones. Sucrose is one of the most
useful disaccharides in our daily life. The main
source of Sucrose is sugar, cane juice 15-20%.The
molecular formula of Sucrose is C12H22O11.
It is non-reducing in nature whereas glucose is
reducing in nature. Cold drinks are bit acidic in
nature and their acidity can be measured by
finding their pH value. The ph value also depends
on the acidic contents such as citric acid and
phosphoric acid.

Appratus
 Test Tube
 Test Tube Holder
 Test Tube Stand
 Stopwatch
 Beaker
 Burner
 ph Paper
 Tripod Stand
 China Dish
 Wire gauge
 Water Bath
Chemicals Required

Iodine Solution
Potassium Iodide
Sodium Hydroxide
Lime water
Concentrated HNO3
Benedict Solution
Ammonium Molybdate
 Detection of pH
EXPERIMENT:
Small sample of cold drinks of different brands were
taken in a test tube and put on a pH paper. The change in
the color of pH paper was noticed and was compared
with standard pH scale.

Observations:
Sr.No. Name of Color pH
The Change
drink
1. Coca Pink 2.5-3
cola
2. Sprite Red 3
3. Limca Pinkish 4
4. Fanta Light 3-4
Orange
Inference:
Soft drinks are generally acidic because of presence of
Citric acid and Phosphoric acid .
 Test for CO2

Experiment:
As soon as the bottles were opened , one by one
sample was passed through lime water. The lime
water turns milky.
Sr. No. NAME OF Time Conclusion
THE Taken
DRINK (sec)
1. Coca cola 26.5 CO2 is present
2. Sprite 31 CO2 is present
3. Limca 35 CO2 is present
4. Fanta 36 CO2 is Present
Inference:
All the soft drink contains dissolved carbon
dioxide in water. The carbon dioxide dissolved in
water form carbonic acid which is responsible for
tangy taste.

Chemical Reaction Involved:

Ca(OH)2(s) +CO2(g) + CaCO3(s) +H2O(l)

Test For Glucose

Experiment:
Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence
is detected by Following test.

Benedict’s Reagent Test

Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were
taken in a Test tube and Benedict’s Solution were added.
The test tube heated for few seconds. Formation of
reddish color confirmed the presence of glucose.
Observations:
Sr. No. Name of Observation Conclusi
the Drink on

1. Coca cola Reddish Glucose is

color Present
Precipitate
2. Sprite Reddish Glucose is
Color Present
Precipitate
3. Limca Reddish Glucose is
color Present
Precipitate
4. Fanta Reddish Glucose is
Color Present
Precipitate

Inference:
All the sample gave positive test for Glucose
with Benedict’s Reagent. Hence all drinks
contain glucose.
 Test for Alcohol
Experiment:
Small sample of different brands of Cold drinks were
taken in separate test tubes. Then Iodine followed by
Potassium Iodide and Sodium Hydroxide(NaOH)
solution was added to the test tubes. Test tube was
heated in hot water bath for 30 minutes. Appearance of
Yellow colored Precipitate confirmed the Presence of
Alcohol.

Observations:
Sr. No. Name of Observation Conclusion
the drink
1. Coca cola Yellow Alcohol is
Precipitate Present

2. Sprite Yellow Alcohol is

Precipitate Present
3. Limca Yellow Alcohol is
Precipitate Present
4. Fanta Yellow Alcohol is
Precipitate Present
Inference:
All the sample gave positive test for Alcohol.
Hence all drinks contain Alcohol.

Chemical Reaction Involved:

CH3CH2OH+4I2+6NaOH CHI3+HCOONa+5Na+5H2O
Test for Sucrose
Experiment:
5ml sample of each brand of Cold Drinks were
taken in separate china dishes and heated until
changes occur. Black color residue left confirm the
presence of Sucrose.

Observations:
Sr. No. Name of the Observation Conclusion
Drink
1. Coca cola Black Residue Sucrose is
present
2. Sprite Black Residue Sucrose is
Present
3. Fanta Black Residue Sucrose is
Present
4. Limca Black Residue Sucrose is
Present
Inference:
All the Cold Drink brands Contain Sucrose. But the
amount of Sucrose varies.
In each brand of drink, Fanta contain highest
amount of Sucrose.
 Result
After conducting several test, it was concluded that
different brands of cold drinks namely:
1. Coca cola
2. Sprite
3. Limca
4. Fanta
All cold drinks contain Sucrose, Glucose, Alcohol
and Carbon Dioxide. All cold drinks are acidic in
nature. On comparing the pH value of different
brands Coca cola is the most acidic and Limca is
the least acidic of all the four brands taken.

Carbon Dioxide
Among the four samples of cold drink taken, Sprite
has maximum amount of dissolved Carbon Dioxide
whereas Fanta has minimum amount of dissolved
Carbon Dioxide.
 Conclusion
DIS-ADVANTAGES OF COLD DRINKS:
1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar
solution. As they contain sugar in large amount
which causes problems to diabetes patients.

2. Soft Drink can cause weight gain as they

interfere with body’s natural ability to
suppress hunger feeling.

3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve calcium so

they are harmful for our bones too.

4. Soft drinks contain “Phosphoric acid” which

has a pH of 2.8. It can dissolve a nail in about 4
days.

5. It increases the rate of OBESITY in children.

6. Soft drinks decreases the Metabolism and

destroy the fat burning enzymes of our body.

7. Soft drinks are coated with such chemicals

that may cause reproduction problem with
regular consumption.
Uses of cold drinks:

Cold drinks can be used as Toilet

Cleaner.

They can remove rust from chrome of

car Bumpers.

They clean corrosion from car battery

terminal.

Soft drinks can be used as excellent

“Detergent” to remove grease from
clothes.

Soft drinks can be used to remove

Stains of marker pen.