Constant Mesh Gear box

• All the gears are always in mesh

• Gears on counter shaft are fixed to it
• Gears on main shaft are free to rotate
• Dog clutches can slide on the main shaft and
rotate with it
• Dog clutches engage with gears on the main
shaft to obtain desired speed

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 Constant Mesh Gear box

Advantages over Sliding mesh Gearbox:

• Helical and herringbone gear can be used in these

gearboxes and therefore, constant mesh
gearboxes are quieter.

• Since the gears are engaged by dog clutches, if

any damage occurs while engaging the gears, the
dog unit members get damaged and not the gear
wheels.

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Constant Mesh Gear box

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Dog Gear/Clutch

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 Problem 3
• An automobile gear box gives three forward speeds with
top gear of unity and bottom gear ratio of
approximately 3.3 :1. The centre distance between the
shafts is to be 110 mm approximately. Gear teeth of
module 3.25 mm are to be employed.
• Sketch the layout of a typical constant mesh gear box for
these conditions giving no. of teeths for various gear
wheels and showing closely how the different ratios are
obtained.
• Note: For better results take gear ratios such that
G2 = G1G3
and
T T
= = G
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1
TA T C
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EDLT ZC 441 Automotive Vehicles by Dr.
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If the teeth, dog teeth, make contact with the gear, but the two
parts are spinning at different speeds, the teeth will fail to engage
and a loud grinding sound will be heard as they clatter together.
For this reason, a modern dog clutch in an automobile has a
synchronizer mechanism or synchromesh, which consists of a cone
clutch and blocking ring. Before the teeth can engage, the cone
clutch engages first which brings the selector and gear to the same
speed using friction. Moreover, until synchronization occurs, the
teeth are prevented from making contact, because further motion
of the selector is prevented by a blocker (or baulk) ring.
When synchronization occurs, friction on the blocker ring is
relieved and it twists slightly, bringing into alignment certain
grooves and notches that allow further passage of the selector
which brings the teeth together
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 Synchro Mesh Gearbox

Gears are in constant mesh

Instead of dog clutch synchroniser unit is used

The device works like a friction clutch
• Sliding sunchronizing units are provided to equalize the
speeds of gear and dog before meshing
• Equal speeds ensure smooth meshing

Each pair of gear has one synchroniser unit

Gears are first brought into frictional contact which equalizes
their speed after which the actual engagement takes place
• Normally not used in 1st and reverse gear

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Synchronizers

 It allows the collar & gear to make frictional contact before

dog teeth make contact.

 Thus collar & gear synchronize their speeds before dogteeth

engagement.

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Synchronizers

 Cone on the blue gear fits into cone-

shaped area in the collar.

 Friction between the cone and

collar synchronize the collar & gear.

 The outer portion of the collar then

slides so that the dogteeth engage
the gear.

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Synchronizers

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Synchronizers

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Synchronizers

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Gear Box
Synchromesh Gear Box
(5 speeds and 1 reverse)

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 Synchromesh type Gearbox
Synchro collar

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Continuously Variable Transmission
(CVT)
• CVT provides infinite
number of gear ratios

(between a minimum & a

maximum).

• Shifts automatically with an

infinite number of ratios

• Seamless power
delivery, no torque
interruption & power loss

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43
 CVT: Construction

 Uses a pair of axially

adjustable sets of
pulley halves
(Variators)

 Both pulleys have one

fixed and one
adjustable pulley halve

 A “belt” is used to
transfers the engine's
power from one shaft
to another

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44
 CVT: Functioning
• The transmission ratio is varied by
adjusting the spacing between the
pulleys in line with the circumference
of the tapered pulley halves.
• The variators are adjusted
hydraulically.
• When one pulley is varied, the other
pulley must adapt itself inversely since
the length of the belt is fixed.

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