Executive Post Graduate Programme

in Management
National Management Programme
Energy Management

Guidelines
for
Dissertation
(Procedures and Rules)

Management Development Institute

Mehrauli Road, Sukhrali, Gurgaon - 122007
These guidelines give the procedures and rules for the Dissertation which is
a compulsory requirement for the award of Executive Post-Graduate
Diploma in Management under the National Management Programme.

Guidelines for Dissertation (Executive PGPM) 2

Objective
The objective of having a dissertation is to allow the participants to apply the learning gained in
the programme to address a real-life problem. The dissertation should be a substantive
contribution to the knowledge through integration of literature review and methodology
pertinent to the understanding and resolution of management problems. The dissertation should
demonstrate competence in using or developing a model or a set of hypotheses, collecting and
interpreting data, arriving at conclusions and drawing implications for research and managerial
practices. It should also highlight how actions initiated in one area or function impact the others
in the organisation. The recommendations made in the dissertation should be in both quantitative
(costs and benefits) as well as qualitative terms. It is pertinent to note that the dissertation
represents a visible concrete output and would, therefore, have a demonstrable potential enabling
individuals to pursue further work on the theme by way of M.Phil., Ph.D. or D.Sc. programmes.

Dissertation Credit
The dissertation work is graded equivalent to three credit points.

Topic for Dissertation

Once the participant has come up with a promising idea, he/she should subject it to careful
scrutiny to determine whether it meets the following criteria:

i) It should sustain the participant’s interest and stimulate his/her imagination, so that he/she
will bear upon it with his/her full creative abilities.
ii) It should be manageable in size.
iii) It must have the potential to make a significant contribution to management theory and
practice.

The dissertation should preferably be carried out in the sponsoring organisation. However, if a
participant wishes to work on a dissertation outside his sponsoring organisation, he/she has to
produce a 'No Objection Certificate' from the sponsoring organisation. In this case the
organizational advisor would have to be from the organisation where the dissertation work is
undertaken. Participants are also allowed to do a sectoral/survey based dissertation.

Dissertation Advisors

For supervising and guiding the NMP dissertation a Dissertation Advisory Committee (DAC)
will be constituted for each participant. It will normally consist of two advisors, identified by the
participants, one from MDI and second from the sponsoring organisation. In case of a self-
sponsored participant, the second advisor should be from the organisation where the dissertation
would be undertaken. However, in case of a sectoral/survey based dissertation work, the
Dissertation Advisory Committee may comprise of only the MDI faculty.

The process of identification of the Dissertation Advisory Committee must be completed as soon
as the fourth term ends. The composition of the DAC should be reported to the NMP Office not
later than March 21, 2017 in any case.

Guidelines for Dissertation (Executive PGPM) 3

Role of the Dissertation Advisory Committee
The roles of DAC are as follow:

i) Developing and vetting the dissertation proposal with the participant.

ii) Supervising and guiding the participant and providing feedback from time to time based on
his/her progress.
iii) Giving written feedback on the draft of the dissertation submitted by the participant.
iv) Approving the dissertation.
v) Before forwarding the dissertation to the NMP Office, DAC members must be satisfied about
the quality of the dissertation.

Dissertation Proposal
A “Dissertation Proposal” should be prepared by the participant. The purpose of the dissertation
proposal is to allow the participant to place the proposed study within a coherent, organised
framework, which is also standardised. This will enhance the participants understanding, grasp
and clarity on the subject matter, the context of the managerial problem and the research
problem. Further, it allows for the proper vetting and evaluation of the proposed research by the
panel reviewing the proposals. This is necessary for the direction and procedure of the study to
be brought within the required scope, coverage and rigour, and also for enhancing the quality of
the research effort, with the inputs of the whole panel to identify and suggest rectification of
possible problems in the proposals.

When the DAC agrees on the adequacy of the research/study design, the dissertation
proposal, duly signed by his/her DAC members, should be submitted to the NMP Office by
30th September, 2017.

Dissertation Proposal Guidelines

The proposal should contain a survey of literature and context description on the subject. It
should clearly state the research objective(s), relate these to the subject and problems in this
context, develop a model or state the hypothesis/hypotheses, provide clear definitions,
describe and justify the proposed research methodology and highlight the potential contribution
of the proposed work to theory, practice and research in the relevant area of management.
Dissertation proposal should be prepared as follows:

i. Format for cover page of dissertation proposal (Appendix 1)

ii. Table of Contents

iii. Introduction: This should begin with the managerial or sectoral problem and the
background to the problem, its genesis, consequents, current practices, etc. Next, it should
describe the rationale for the study and the benefits in terms of knowledge, and specify the
skill, practices, systems, etc. The next part is to delimit the scope of the project, and to
specify the area of action taken under the project. It should continue with a subsection titled
“The Problem Statement" It should then end by examining the literature in this regard and
the conclusions drawn from a survey of literature, in a subsection titled “Literature survey".

iv. The Research Problem: This should be a specific set of statements which describe the
research problem, and go on to develop the hypotheses, or to describe the nature and area of
possible outputs from the research if it is exploratory/qualitative in nature. The expected
results from such a research study should also be described in terms of the specific

Guidelines for Dissertation (Executive PGPM) 4

 hypotheses developed. If possible, the operationalized hypotheses should also be defined at
this stage itself, to have the advantage of panel inputs regarding the core of the study.

v. The Research Design: This will contain four subsections, viz.

a) The general methodology of study adopted, whether case method or based

on secondary or accounting/financial data, or survey based etc., and the procedure of the
same.
b) The sample or data source specifications and sampling frame or plan to
acquire the data.
c) The data collection procedure
d) The data analysis, qualitative analysis techniques and the form of the outputs
of analysis.

vi. Time frame : The time frame for the completion of the dissertation, stage wise and event
wise, with details if possible, giving the expected day and dates of completion at each stage.

vii. References (Appendix 13)

Four copies of the proposal duly approved by the DAC should be submitted to the NMP Office
not later than 30th September, 2017 or the last working day in September whichever is earlier.

Standards for Dissertation

The primary purpose of the dissertation is to demonstrate the participant's capability to make
effective use of research methods appropriate to the problem and to develop and handle
evidence satisfactorily. The dissertation should, therefore, contain a section on:

a) the research procedure(s) employed, and

b) the extent, nature, reliability and suitability of evidence gathered.

Clarity, conciseness and orderliness of writing and presentation are required. It is necessary to
include sufficient evidence to support the reasoning and conclusions so as to permit future
researchers/scholars to build upon them. The length of the dissertation will vary with the topic
and evidence required.

Further, the learning of the participant regarding in-depth knowledge of the field should be
brought out by the section on literature review and model or framework used for the dissertation
study.

Guidelines for Dissertation Preparation

Number of Copies of Dissertation: Four copies of the dissertation should be submitted to the
NMP Office by 5:00 pm 30th September, 2017 or the last working day of September whichever is
earlier duly approved by DAC members. A soft copy should also be made available for records
of the MDI Library.

Guidelines for Dissertation (Executive PGPM) 5

One copy of the dissertation should be compiled as follows :

Cover page : Appendix 1

Page i : Inside Cover Page (Appendix 2)
Page ii : Second Title Page (Appendix 3)
Page iii : Certificate of Approval (Appendix 4)
Page iv : Approval of DAC (Appendix 5)
Page v-vi : Abstract (maximum two pages - Appendix 6)
Page vii : Acknowledgement (Appendix 7)
Page viii : Table of Contents (Appendix 8)
Page ix : List of Figures (Appendix 9)
Page x : List of Tables (Appendix 10)
Page xi : List of Appendices (Appendix 11)
Page xii : Abbreviations (Appendix 12)
Page 1 : Chapter I
.
.
.
Page ... : Last Chapter
Page ... : References (Appendix 13)
Page ... : Appendices

The other three copies shall be compiled as under :

Cover Page : Appendix 1A

Page i : Inside Cover Page (Appendix 2)
Page iii : Abstract (maximum two pages - Appendix 6)
Page viii : Table of Contents (Appendix 8)
Page ix : List of Figures (Appendix 9)
Page x : List of Tables (Appendix 10)
Page xi : List of Appendices (Appendix 11)
Page xii : Abbreviations (Appendix 12)
Page 1 : Chapter I
.
.
.
Page ... : Last Chapter
Page ... : References (Appendix 13)
Page ... : Appendices

Cover Page: Cover page and second title page must conform to the sample shown in Appendices.
.

Abstract: Each Dissertation must include an abstract of a maximum of two sides in single space
(about 800-1000 words). It should state clearly and concisely the topic, scope, methodology and
conclusions reached.

Acknowledgement: Participants are advised to acknowledge help and support received from
faculty members, library, computer centre, outside experts, their sponsoring organizations, etc.

Table of Contents: Every dissertation must contain a table of contents which provides a view of
the organisation of the dissertation material.
Guidelines for Dissertation (Executive PGPM) 6
List of Tables, Figures and Abbreviations: If the dissertation contains tables, figures and
abbreviations used, they should be listed immediately following the table of contents on separate
pages.

Introduction: As in the proposal, this should begin with the managerial or sectoral problem and
the background to the problem, its genesis, consequents, current practices, etc. It should start
from a broad overview and then move to the specific focus of the study. This should include the
specific business or functional problem being faced by the organisation, or in the case of sectoral
studies, the need of such a study and the usefulness of such a sectoral study.

Next, it should describe the rationale for the study and the benefits in terms of knowledge, skill,
practices, systems, etc. which should be specified. The next part is to delimit the scope of the
project, and to specify the area of enquiry under the project.

It should continue with a subsection titled 'Problem Formulation'. This should describe the
specific business problem faced and the related issues involved. This would clarify the objectives
of the dissertation.

It should then end by reviewing the literature in this regard and the conclusions drawn from a
survey of literature, in a subsection titled "Literature Survey". Participants should do a
comprehensive library search on the topic he/she is going to work on for his/her dissertation.
This will help in knowing the work done in the past and also the current work/research being
done in the particular area. For this purpose, participants may refer to earlier NMP dissertations,
books, journals, reports, magazines, new paper cuttings etc. The survey should cover all the
issues raised in the earlier sections of the introduction and should help in creating a theoretical
framework or set of assumptions which will define the research area under study, in specific
terms. This will help frame the problem in terms of variables under study and in focusing the
research problem. The theoretical framework or the model developed for this purpose, will allow
for proper operationalisation of the research problem. Assumptions made in the study must be
clearly justified and the grounds or evidence used for the development of the hypotheses, i.e., the
variables involved, their relationships, etc., must be given in detail in this section.

The Research Problem: On the basis of the literature review and the discussions with DAC and
presentation, the final research problem which will be the basis of the actual study, will be
formulated and described here. The section will draw on the model or framework developed
earlier, and should describe the development of the hypotheses or the argument for a qualitative
exploratory study on that basis. It will build a set of constructive arguments for the research
problem. It will further describe how the problem was operationalised for measurement and
analysis and will end with a statement of the operationalised hypotheses. In case it is
exploratory /qualitative/case study based in nature or to state pointwise the variables, nature and
area of possible outputs from the research.

The expected results from such a research study should also be described in terms of the specific
hypotheses developed.

The Research Design: This will contain four subsections, viz.

 The general methodology of adopted for study, whether case method or based on secondary
or accounting/financial data, or survey based, etc., and the procedure followed in the study.

 The sample or data source specifications and sampling frame or plan to acquire the data.
Sources of data must be mentioned at the appropriate places in the dissertation. The detailed
sampling plan and the procedure adopted for sampling should be described here.

Guidelines for Dissertation (Executive PGPM) 7

 The data collection procedure. The dissertation must involve data collection in a systematic
manner. It should not be a mere collection of opinions based on personal experience. The
tool used for data collection, if any, or the method adopted for the same should be described
in detail in this section. This should also contain the procedure for administering the tool or
conducting the interview, etc, as the case may be.

 The data analysis carried out, the quantitative or qualitative analysis techniques and the form
of the outputs of analysis should all be described here. The software or package used for
computation should also be mentioned.

Results and Conclusions: This section should include all the tabulated and text descriptions of
the results obtained in the study. It should be noted that all the tables and figures should be
properly titled and numbered, and listed in the table of contents.

Next, the conclusions and inferences that are drawn from the analysis of the results (in support of
the hypotheses or in the case of exploratory study, the variables identified and/ or involved),
should be stated clearly and specifically. These should bear on the hypotheses, and should be an
answer to the research problem. Thus they should be linked to the initial research problem, and
the conclusions should then relate the various issues studied to the problem under study.

Recommendations: The dissertation should conclude with the recommendations developed from
the analysis and findings of the study. This is a critical section and should highlight your specific
contributions keeping in view the purpose of the dissertation. It should demonstrate learning and
use of skill and knowledge in actual problem solving. The last part of this chapter will describe
the limitations of the study and suggest directions for further research in this area.

References: References should be complete in all respect as shown in Appendix 13.

Cross referencing: All references (books, journals, magazines, news papers, reports, proceedings,
etc.) listed in the dissertation should be cross referenced in the text at appropriate places e.g.

The needs and skills required to manage today’s businesses in a global environment are
far different than they were just a decade ago. Clearly we need a new way of looking at
manufacturing, for the way we have considered it in the past in no longer sufficient.
With the rapid changes in IT and manufacturing technology, firms are therefore getting
increasingly interested in managing the strategy-technology connection to develop new
ways of achieving competitive advantage (Porter, 1985). Firms are attempting to link
manufacturing strategy with business strategy (Skinner, 1985; Wheelright, 1981), to
examine the strategic impact of rapidly changing manufacturing and information
technology (Jelinek and Goldhar, 1983; Kantrow, 1980), and to find new ways of
viewing manufacturing as a competitive weapon (Hayes and Wheelright, 1984; Jelinek
and Goldhar, 1984; Skinner, 1985). Information technology is a key ingredient in this
emerging trend of getting competitive advantage through manufacturing.

Last Date for Submission of Dissertation

The last date for submission of the dissertation is 5:00 pm 30th September, 2017 or the last
working day of September whichever is earlier. Extensions as a rule will not be granted.
However, an extension for a maximum period of one month may be granted to a participant
under extenuating circumstances. The participant will be required to make a request in writing
before the last date for submission. The request will be jointly considered and decided upon by
the NMP Dissertation Co-coordinator and Chairman (NMP), and their decision would be final
and binding. If any participant fails to submit his/her dissertation on or before the stipulated

Guidelines for Dissertation (Executive PGPM) 8

deadline for submission, he/she will not be awarded the Diploma that year. Participants
submitting after the deadline will be considered for award of the Diploma at the next
convocation.

Evaluation of the Dissertation

Once the DAC approves the dissertation, the participant may submit four copies of the
dissertation alongwith soft copy to the NMP Office. The DEC will be constituted by the
Chairman, NMP for each candidate. Participant has to give a short (not exceeding 15 minutes)
formal presentation on a specified date and time. The defence will be open to MDI faculty and
NMP participants.

The DEC will, on evaluation, award a grade for the dissertation. In case the DEC is not satisfied
with the dissertation and presentation, it has the right to ask the participant to rewrite a part or
whole of the dissertation and re-submit the same. The participant would have to resubmit four
copies of the dissertation duly approved by the DAC to NMP Office within one month from the
date of defence. However, in this case, the participant would be awarded a maximum grade of
B+.

Guidelines for Dissertation (Executive PGPM) 9

Grading
The dissertation will be evaluated on a 10-point scale consisting of following grades:

Letter Grade Grade Point Description

A+ 10 Exceptional
A 9 Excellent
A- 8 Proficient
B+ 7 Very Good
B 6 Good
B- 5 Fair
C+ 4 Satisfactory
C 3 Low Pass
C- 2 Poor
D 1 Very Poor
F 0 Fail
I _ Incomplete

Guidelines for Dissertation (Executive PGPM) 10

 Appendix 1

Dissertation Title
(Times New Roman 18 points)

A Dissertation Proposal for

(Times New Roman 11 points)

Executive Post Graduate Programme in Management (NMP)

(Times New Roman 13 points)

by
(Times New Roman 11 points)

Name
(Times New Roman 13 points)

under the guidance of

Shri XXXXXXXXXXXX Dr. XXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Designation Designation
Organisation MDI, Gurgaon

Management Development Institute

(Arial 14 points)
Gurgaon 122 007
(Times New Roman 12 points)
Date
(Times New Roman 11 points)

Guidelines for Dissertation (Executive PGPM) 11

 Appendix 1A

Dissertation Title
(Times New Roman 18 points)

A Dissertation Proposal for

(Times New Roman 11 points)

Executive Post Graduate Programme in Management (NMP)

(Times New Roman 13 points)

by
(Times New Roman 11 points)

Name
(Times New Roman 13 points)

under the guidance of

Management Development Institute

(Arial 14 points)
Gurgaon 122 007
(Times New Roman 12 points)
Date
(Times New Roman 11 points)

Guidelines for Dissertation (Executive PGPM) 12

 Appendix 2

Dissertation Title
(Times New Roman 18 points)

A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the award of
(Times New Roman 11 points)

Post-Graduate Diploma in Management

(Times New Roman 14 points)

by
(Times New Roman 11 points)

Name
(Times New Roman 13 points)

Executive Post Graduate Programme in Management (NMP number)

(Times New Roman 13 points)
Management Development Institute
(Arial 14 points)
Gurgaon 122 007
(Times New Roman 12 points)
Month, Year
(Times New Roman 11 points)

Guidelines for Dissertation (Executive PGPM) 13

 Appendix 3

Dissertation Title
(Times New Roman 18points)

A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the award of
(Times New Roman 11 points)
Post-Graduate Diploma in Management
(Times New Roman 14 points)

by
(Times New Roman 11 points)
Name
(Times New Roman 13 points)

under the guidance of

Shri XXXXXXXXXXXX Dr. XXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Designation Designation
Organisation MDI, Gurgaon

Executive Post Graduate Programme in Management (NMP number)

(Times New Roman 13 points)

Management Development Institute
(Arial 14 points)
Gurgaon 122 007
(Times New Roman 12 points)
Month, Year

Guidelines for Dissertation (Executive PGPM) 14

 (Times New Roman 11 points)
Appendix 4

Certificate of Approval

The following dissertation titled "ABC ..." is hereby approved as a certified study in
management carried out and presented in a manner satisfactory to warrant its acceptance as a
prerequisite for the award of Post- Graduate Diploma in Business Management for which it
has been submitted. It is understood that by this approval the undersigned do not necessarily
endorse or approve any statement made, opinion expressed or conclusion drawn therein but
approve the dissertation only for the purpose it is submitted.

Dissertation Examination Committee for evaluation of dissertation

Name Signature

_______________________ ___________________

_______________________ ___________________

_______________________ ___________________

Guidelines for Dissertation (Executive PGPM) 15

 Appendix 5

Certificate from Dissertation Advisory Committee

This is to certify that Mr./Ms. XYZ , a participant of the XX National Management

Programme, has worked under our guidance and supervision. He/She is submitting this
dissertation titled "ABC ..." in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Post-
Graduate Diploma in Business Management.

This dissertation has the requisite standard and to the best of our knowledge no part of it has been
reproduced from any other dissertation, monograph, report or book.

Faculty Advisor Organisational Advisor

Designation Designation
Management Development Institute Organisation
Gurgaon Address
Date Date

Guidelines for Dissertation (Executive PGPM) 16

 Appendix 6
Abstract

Title of the Dissertation

by

……………………….

Sample

Researchers in international transfer of technology have predominantly assumed the perspective

of top management of multinational corporations or public policy makers in developing
countries. The influence of the external as well as the internal environments on the technology
acquisition and assimilation process has been studied by previous researchers. However, the
processes through which top managers of firms manage the two environments while acquiring
and assimilating technology has received less attention. This research was focused on the
managerial processes involved in managing the interaction of the external and internal
environments in relation to technology acquisition and assimilation in the specific context of
atypical developing country like India.

This study used the framework for Corporate Strategy, which links the external environment with
the organisations by utilising the concept of matching of environmental opportunities and threats
with organisational resources and capabilities. The research sites chosen were six major firms in
the Indian tractor industry. The perspective assumed was of the top management of these firms.

The major findings are :

1. The Government exercised a pervasive influence on the process of technology acquisition and
assimilation in the tractor industry because of its importance to the economy. In spite of the
constraints imposed by Government, the firms were able to develop different product -market
and technological strategies. When these strategies were uniquely related to the environment
and the organisational resources and competence, there was all around improvement in
performance. The better the match between technological decisions, the firm's environment
and organisational resources and capabilities, easier and faster was the process of
technology assimilation.

A general conclusion arrived at was that several firms operating in the same environment
could achieve overall success by developing strategies uniquely related to their environment
and resources and capabilities. Two dominant modes of the strategy development process
were identified. They were both characterised by an adaptive response to environmental
changes and were termed : i) Formulatory-Adaptive, and ii)Evolutionary-Adaptive depending
on the nature of the process.

2. The process of acquisition and assimilation of technology was viewed as the process by which
firms attempt to relate technological decisions to their environment and resources and
distinctive competence. This process was conceptualised as consisting of four interrelated
sub-processes : i) Technology Acquisition, ii) Technology Adaptation, iii) Technology
Utilisation and iv) Technology Development. Thses sub-processes were distinguished from
each other by the differences in organisational characteristics, key managerial tasks and
critical skills required to manage them.

Guidelines for Dissertation (Executive PGPM) 17

 Some applications were examined for three likely audiences : i) researchers in management
and international transfer of technology, ii) managers, and iii) public policy makers in
developing countries.

Data was collected in 1978 from six major tractor manufacturing firms, which comprised
more than 80 percent of the total sales turnover. The technological issues studied were i)
choice of product, ii) choice of foreign collaborator and mode of collaboration, iii) choice of
plant size, iv) choice of plant location, v) choice of manufacturing technology, vi) choice of
R&D activities, etc.

Environmental factors like competition Government regulations, technological capabilities of

farmers, automotive ancillary industry, role of national laboratories, etc. were considered.
Organisational characteristics like formal organisational structure, system of control and
coordination, training methodology, philosophy of top management of the firms, and their
resources and capabilities were studied in conjunction with environmental factors.

The clinical methodology used consisted of three phases :

i) a pilot study of two major firms for a period of one and a half months approximately
ii) study of secondary data sources, and
iii) a re-examination of the previous two organisations and study of the additional four.

Major data sources were in-depth interviews of some 60 senior company executives for a total
period of about 300 hours. In addition , detailed study of various company documents like
detailed project reports, feasibility reports, organisational announcements, etc. was also
undertaken

* Source : IIM Ahmedabad, Manual of Policies and Procedures, 1997-98, pp. 50-51

Guidelines for Dissertation (Executive PGPM) 18

 Appendix 7

Acknowledgements

Guidelines for Dissertation (Executive PGPM) 19

 Appendix 8

Table of Contents

Page
Acknowledgement
Abstract (maximum two pages)
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Appendices
List of Abbreviations

I XXXXXXXXXX

1.1
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2

II XXXXXXXXXX

2.1
2.2
2.1.1
2.1.2

III XXXXXXXXXX

3.1
3.2

Guidelines for Dissertation (Executive PGPM) 20

 Appendix 9

List of Figures
(start from separate page)

Figure No. Description Page

__________________________

Appendix 10

List of Tables
(start from separate page)

Table No. Description Page

________________________________

Appendix 11

List of Appendices
(start from separate page)

Table No. Description Page

________________________________

Appendix 12

Abbreviations
(start from separate page)

Guidelines for Dissertation (Executive PGPM) 21

 Appendix 13
Reference Style
Books

One Author

Basu, A. (1963), Consumer Price Index: Theory, Practice and Use in India, Modern Book
Agency, Calcutta.

Two Authors

Singh, M. and Pandya, J.F. (1967), Government Publications of India, Metropolitan Book Co.,
Delhi.

Three Authors
Mote, V.L.; Malya, M. M. and Saha J. (1968), Tables for Capital Investment Analysis, Indian
Institute of Management, Ahmedabad.

Edited Book

Basu, G. (ed.) (1962), Indian Tax Laws and Foreigners Having Investment in India or Having
Business Connections in or with India, Oxford Book & Stationery, Calcutta.

Government Publication

Ministry of Law, Government of India (1960), The Copyright Act, 1957, The Manager of
Publications, Delhi.

Journal Paper

Jain, S.K. (1967), World Class Manufacturing, International Journal of Operations Management,
Vol. 6, No. 12, pp. 11-31.

pp. stands for page number.

Article in a Newspaper

Gandhi, V. P. (1968), Will the Budget Achieve Its Aims? Certain Doubts, The Economic Times,
Mar. 8, pp. 5-6.

Conference Paper

Bhattacharyya, S.K. (1967), Control Techniques and Their Applicability, paper presented at the
Ahmedabad Management Association, Ahmedabad, Nov. 22, pp. 11-17.

Guidelines for Dissertation (Executive PGPM) 22