9.

6 Numerical Results 171

It should be mentioned that at each stage, based on the justified 400 and 230 kV
lines, some single voltage substations may be required to be upgraded to
400 kV:230 kV type. The capacity can be determined. The costs of the lines
(Cnew-line) are also shown. The total cost of the lines would be  R 321.461 9 106.

Problems

1. From available resources in your area of living, prepare a table similar to

Table 9.8 on various parameters (Resistance, reactance, susceptance, thermal
capacity, construction cost, etc.) of existing HV, EHV and UHV transmission
lines.
2. For the Garver test system with the modified load (with the details given in
Fig. 9.2 and Table 9.2), with due attention to (9.13) and (9.14), determine APC
and AGC. For simplicity, assume the system to be single voltage [#DCLF.m;
Appendix L: (L.5)].
3. For problem 2 [#DCLF.m; Appendix L: (L.5)]
(a) Suggest a third scenario.
(b) Comparing the scenario suggested above with those scenarios within the
chapter, find out the transmission lines construction costs.
(c) Repeat (b), provided the substations costs (both expanding and new) are
also observed.
(d) Repeat (b), if the cost of the losses is also considered.
(e) Comparing (a) through (d), select the optimum plan.
4. Using [#Hybridsearch.m; Appendix L: (L.4)] and for problem 2
(a) Find out an optimal plan based on minimization of the construction cost.
(b) Compare the optimal plan, in terms of the transmission lines construction
costs, substation costs and the losses with those scenarios of problem 3.

References

The references of this chapter are same as the references of Chap. 8. Reference [1] is the typical
reference of most transmission planning studies. Reference [2] reviews the research up to 2003.
Test models are covered in [3]. Some mathematical based approaches are given in [4], [5–8].
Non-mathematical based algorithms are quite a few. Some are introduced in [9–12]. Some of
these are compared in [13]. If the transmission system comprises of several voltages; the
substation configuration is to be determined in combination with transmission network; GEP and
TEP are to be analyzed together or a multi-year approach is to carried out, the problem becomes
more complex. Some of these issues are covered in [14–17].

1. Villasana R, Garver LL, Salon SJ (1985) Transmission network planning using linear
programming. IEEE Trans Power Apparatus Syst PAS-104(2):349–356
2. Latorre G, Cruz RD, Areiza JM, Villegas A (2003) Classification of publications and models
on transmission expansion planning. IEEE Trans Power Syst 18(2):938–946