Multimedia Approach in Education by DR J R Sonwane

(Multimedia Approach in Education)
- Di[. jgd)p si[nvN[

ISBN 978-81-925192-0-3
Title Shikshanma Bahumadhyam Abhigam
Author Dr. Jagdip Sonwane
Year 2012
Edition First
Vol -
Publisher www.edupublication.com
Dr. J. R. Sonwane
Department of Education
M. K. Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar
INDIA
Contact edupublication@gmail.com
Price Free
Pages 77
Subject Educational Technology
Language Gujarati
This book can be downloaded free of cost from

www.edupublication.com
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28 nv[Àbr, 2012
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1. bh&mi¹ym 01
1.1 bh&mi¹ym: aY< an[ Äyi²yi 01

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1. AC]DFwID (Multimedia) aY< an[ Äyi²yi
1.1 aY<
bh&mi¹ym a[ a[k s>k&l s>kÃpni C[. a>g\[Jmi> multimedia
S¾dY) aipN[ p(r(ct C)a[. D<8LDLl0IFGL jIFbIF ;DHTF\
5C[,F\ DLl0IF s Mediaf GM VY" ;DHLV[P
Media V[Medium XaNG\] AC]JRG ~5 K[P
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cc R,lR+4 lR+4:,F.0 VG[ ;\ULT H[JF DFwIDMGF\ ;\I]ST
p5IMUG[ AC]DFwID (Multimedia ) SC[ K[P cc
" The combined use of serval media, such
as motion pictures, slides and music is known
as multimedia."
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Vangie Beal v[bi[p[(Dyi upr lK[ C[ k[ The use of
computers to present text, graphics, video,
animation, and sound in an integrated way. Long
touted as the future revolution in computing,
multimedia applications were, until the mid-90s,
uncommon due to the expensive hardware
required. With increases in performance and
decreases in price, however, multimedia is now
commonplace. Nearly all PCs are capable of
displaying video, though the resolution available
depends on the power of the computer's video
adapter and CPU. (s\i[t:
2
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/multim
edia.html )
(vk)p[(Dyi an&sir Multimedia refers to content that uses a

combination of different content forms. This contrasts
with media that use only rudimentary computer displays
such as text-only or traditional forms of printed or hand-
produced material. Multimedia includes a combination
of text, audio, still images, animation, video, or
interactivity content forms.
Multimedia is usually recorded and played, displayed,

or accessed by information content processing devices,
such as computerized and electronic devices, but can
also be part of a live performance. Multimedia devices
are electronic media devices used to store and
experience multimedia content. Multimedia is
distinguished from mixed media in fine art; by including
audio, for example, it has a broader scope. The term
"rich media" is synonymous for interactive multimedia.
Hypermedia can be considered one particular
3
multimedia application.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia)
Margaret Rouse bh&mi¹ym (vS[ jNiv[ C[ k[ Multimedia is

more than one concurrent presentation medium (for
example, on CD-ROM or a Web site). Although still
images are a different medium than text, multimedia is
typically used to mean the combination of text, sound,
and/or motion video. Some people might say that the
addition of animated images (for example, animated
GIF on the Web) produces multimedia, but it has
typically meant one of the following:
 Text and sound

 Text, sound, and still or animated graphic images
 Text, sound, and video images
 Video and sound
 Multiple display areas, images, or presentations
presented concurrently
 In live situations, the use of a speaker or actors and
"props" together with sound, images, and motion
video
4
Multimedia can arguably be distinguished from

traditional motion pictures or movies both by the scale
of the production (multimedia is usually smaller and
less expensive) and by the possibility of audience
interactivity or involvement (in which case, it is usually
called interactive multimedia). Interactive elements can
include: voice command, mouse manipulation, text
entry, touch screen, video capture of the user, or live
participation (in live presentations).
Multimedia tends to imply sophistication (and relatively

more expense) in both production and presentation than
simple text-and-images. Multimedia presentations are
possible in many contexts, including the Web, CD-
ROMs, and live theater. A rule-of-thumb for the
minimum development cost of a packaged multimedia
production with video for commercial presentation (as
at trade shows) is: $1,000 a minute of presentation time.
Since any Web site can be viewed as a multimedia
presentation, however, any tool that helps develop a site
in multimedia form can be classed as multimedia
5
software and the cost can be less than for standard video
productions.
(s\i[t:
http://searchsoa.techtarget.com/definition/multimedia )
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14
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15
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XSFI K[P # ;[Sg0GL lJl0IMG[ ;L8LDF\ :8MZ SZJF DF8[ 600
D[UFAF.8; ;\UC
| XlSTGL H~Z 50[ K[ ;F{YL S\8F/FHGS AFAT
TM V[ K[ S[ VF8,F\ AF.8Ÿ; WZFJTL # ;[Sg0GL lO<D G[8JS"DF\ V[S
HuIFV[YL ALHL HuIFV[ DMS,JF DF8[ 70 lDlG8 H[8,M ;DI
,FU[ K[P
lJ0LIM SM0[SGM p5IMU SZLG[ OF.,G\] SN 38F0L XSFI K[P
OF.,DF\GF H[ l5S;,G\] 5]GZFJT"G YT\] CMI VYJF TM H[ l5S;,
lAG p5IMUL CMI T[JF\ l5S;,G[ lJ0LIM SM0[S SF-L GFB[ K[P VYJF
T[G[ 8\}SFJLG[ :8MZ SZ[ K[ VF ZLT[ OF., :8MZ SZJFGL lS|IFG[
cSd5;[G sCompressionfc SC[ K[P
16
Sd5[;G A[ ZLT[ Y. XS[ K[P

s!f 38F0F ZlCT (Loss Less ) :
sZf 38F0F ;lCT ( Lossy ) :
38F0F ZlCT Sd5|[;G JF/L OF., äFZF HIFZ[ lJ0LIM RF,]
SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P tIFZ[ Sd%I}8Z ;J"5|YD 0[8FG[ D}/ :J~5DF\
AN,[ K[P T[YL lJ0LIMGL U]6J¿FDF\ O[Z 50TM GYLP VFDF\ Sd5|[:0
OF., D}/ OF., SZTF\ +LHF EFUGL HuIF ZMS[ K[P DM8F EFU[
V[S;vZ[ sX-Rayf VG[ ;[8[,F.8DF\ VFGM p5IMU YFI K[P
38F0F ;lCT Sd5|[XGJF/L OF., äFZF lJ0LIMGL U]6J¿F
H/JFTL GYLP SFZ6 S[ HIFZ[ VF OF., Sd5|[; SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P
tIFZ[ T[GF VD]S 0[8F BMJF. HFI K[P T[YL HIFZ[ OF., BM,JFDF\
VFJ[ K[ tIFZ[ Sd%I]8Z T[GF 0[8FG[ ;\5}6"56[ D}/ :J~5DF\ AN,L
XST\] GYLP
R,lR+GL H[D H lJ0LIMDF\ 56 H]NL H]NL S|lDS O|[D
RMSS; ;\bIFDF\ RMSS; ;DIUF/F NZdIFG VF56L GHZ 5F;[YL
5;FZ YFI tIFZ[ VF56G[ SM. 5F+ C,Gv R,G SZT\] HMJF D/[
K[P VFJL O|[DG\] Sd5|[;G SZJFGF A[ VlEUD s Approach f K[P
saf .g8ZO|[D Sd5|[;G (Interframe Compression )
sbf .g8=FO|[D Sd5|[;G (Intraframe Compression )
17
(a) .g8ZO|[D Sd5|[;G (Interframe Compression ) :

SM. O|[DDF\ V[S ;ZBF\ N[BFTF\ 36F AWF\ l5S;, J5ZFIF CMI
TM Sd%I}8Z OST V[S H l5S;, ;[J SZX[ VG[ AFSLGF\ l5S;,GF\
;ZGFDF GM\WL ZFBX[P HIFZ[ lJ0LIM RF,] SZJFDF\ VFJX[ tIFZ[ ;[J
YI[, V[S l5S;, H[JF H ALHF l5S;, RMSS; ;ZFD[ UM9JF.
HX[ VG[ T[ O|[DGL .D[H D}/ :J~5[ HMJF D/X[P VF 5|SFZGF\
Sd5|[;GG[ .g8ZO|[D SC[ K[P
NFPTP p5ZGF\ lR+DF\ SF8}"GGF\ A[SU|Fpg0DF\ SM. RMSS;
S,Z J5ZFIM CX[4 VG[ ;DU| A[S U|Fpg0 H]NF H]NF l5S;,DF\
JC[\RFI[,\] CX[P VF AWF\ l5S;, V[S ;ZB\F K[P Sd%I}8Z VF AWF
l5S;, ;[J SZJFG[ AN,[ SM. V[S l5S;, ;[J SZX[ VG[ AFSLGF\
l5S;,GF\ ;ZGFDF GM\WL ZFBX[P VF ZLT[ OF.,;[J SZJFGL lS|IFG[
c.g8ZO|[D Sd5|[;G c SC[ K[P
(b) .g8=FO|[D Sd5|[;G (Intraframe Compression )
lJ0LIMDF\ V[S H N'xI NXF"JJF DF8[ 36L O|[DGM p5IMU YFI
K[P VF AWL O|[DDF\ ;\5}6" N'xI S|lDS ZLT[ S\0FZJFDF\ VFJ[,\] CMI K[
SM. V[S H N'xIG[ ,UTL H]NL H]NL O|[DDF\ 36L DFlCTL V[S ;ZBL
H CMI K[P
18
NFPTP p5ZGF\ N'xIDF\ V[S 51FL 0FALYL HD6L AFH] p0L

Zæ\] K[P VF N'xIDF\ NZ[S A[SU|Fpg0DF\ SM. O[ZOFZ YTM GYLP 5Z\T]
51FL C,GR,G SZ[ K[P VF N'xI DF8[ Sd%I}8Z 5|YD O|[D TM
5]Z[5}ZL ;[J SZX[P 5Z\T] AFSLGL O|[DDF\ YTF\ O[ZOFZGL H GM\W ZFBX[P
VF ZLT[ H[ Sd5|[;G SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ T[G[ .g8=FO|[D Sd5|[;G SC[ K[P
HIFZ[ lJ0LIM RF,] SZJFDF\ VFJX[ tIFZ[ Sd%I}8Z 5|YD O|[DDF\ TM
5}Z[5}ZL NX"FJX[ H VG[ AFSLGF\ O|[DGF\ O[ZOFZM 56 NX"FJX[ H[YL
VF56[ VFB\] N'xI HMJF D/X[P RMSS; 5|MU|FDGM p5IMU SZLG[
lJ0LIM O|[DGL GS, SZL XSFI K[4 T[G[ ZN SZL XSFI K[ S[ T[DF\
lJlXQ8 V;Z NX"FJL XSFI K[P
s!!f D<8LlD0LIF 5|NX"G VG[ 5|MU|MD (Multimedia

Presentation and Programme )o
V[S JBT D<8LlD0LIF 5|NX"G 5|MU|FD T{IFZ Y. UIF 5KL
T[G[ ZH] SZJF DF8[ H[ 5|MU|FDGL H~Z 50[ K[ T[G[ D<8LlD0LIF
5|NX"G 5|MU|FD SC[ K[P
NFP TP MS, POWER POINT äFZF VF56[
VFSQF"S4 Z;5|N4 wJlGZlCT VG[ DFlCTL ;EZ VF\TZ lS|IFtDS S[
:JI\ ;\RFl,T D<8LlD0LIF 5|NX"G ZH] SZL XSFI K[P
19
s!Zf VMYZL\U IF l:S|58L\U ;MO8J[Z (Authoring Software

):
jIFJ;FlIS D<8LlD0LIF lJSF; 5|MU|FD ( Professional
Multimedia Development Programme ) VF56G[
D<8LlD0LIF 5Z ;\5}6" 5|E]tJ VF5[ K[P VF 5|MU|FDG[ VM5Z[8LJ
;MO8J[Z 56 SC[ K[ VF 5|MU|FD HMGFZG[ VF\TZlS|IFtDS 5|NX"GDF\
;DFlJQ8 wJlG4 lJ0LIM4 U|FlOS; VG[ V[lGD[XG 5Z 5|E]tJTM
VF5[ H K[4 ;FY[ ;FY[ ;\JFNGL EFQFF 56 OF/J[ K[P H[GF äFZF
5|MU|FD ,BLG[ 5|NX"GDF\ NX"FJTL lS|IFVM p5Z lGI\+6 56
D[/JL XSFI K[P VF EFQFFG[ 5|MU|FlD\U4 l:S|%8L\U S[ VMYMZL\U
;MO8J[Z SC[ K[P
s!#f lJSF;H}Y ( The Development Team):

VFD TM D<8LlD0LIF SFI"S|D T{IFZ SZJFG\] SFI" DFGJ H SZ[
K[ T[GF DF8[ RMSS; VFIMHG SZJ\] 50[ K[P H]NF H]NF lGQ6F\TMGL
DNN ,[JL 50[ K[ SFZ6 S[ V[J\] XSI K[ S[ NZ[S jIlSTG\]
D<8LlD0LIFDF\ p5IMUL NZ[S 8]<; 5Z 5}ZT\] 5|E]tJ GF CMI4 VFJF
;\HMUMDF\ H]NL H]NL jIlSTVM D<8LlD0LIF 5|NX"G SFI"S|D T{IFZ
20
SZJFDF\ H]NF H]NF 5F;F V\U[ ê0F65}J"S DGMD\YG SZLG[ T[DG[

;M\5[, SFI" SZ[ K[P K[J8[ AWFGF\ ;CSFZYL V[S ;Z;4 VFSQF"S4
DFlCTL ;EZ4 DGMZ\HGFtDS4 7FGFtDS S[ W\WFSLI D<8LlD0LIF
SFI"S|D T{IFZ SZ[ K[P
l5S;, (Pixel )
l0:5,[ l:S|G (Display Screen ) 5Z lR+M S[ 5|lTS'lT
sPicture or Imagef NX"FJJF DF8[ l:S|GG[ GFGF GFGF\ RMZ;
lA\N]VM S[ ;[, (cell ) WZFJTL HF/DF\ lJEFHLT SZJFDF\ VFJ[
K[ VF RMZ;G[ V[,LD[g8 (Picture Element ) S[ l5S;, (
Pixel ) SC[ K[PP VFD4 l5S;, V[ N'xI (Display ) GM V[JM
GFGFDF\ GFGM V[SD K[ S[ H[GM ;\U|C Y. XS[ VG[ H[G[ NX"FJL XSFI
S[ GFD VF5L XSFIP T[YL H SM.56 Pixel GF\ Z\U ;Z/TFYL
AN,L XSFI K[P NZ[S l5S;,GF S,Z lGl`RT SZLG[ UD[ T[
5|SFZGL 5|lTS'lT4 VFS'lT S[ lR+ T{IFZ SZL XSFI K[P ;FDFgI ZLT[
:S|LG 5Z 8,00,000 l5S;, CM. XS[ K[ VF l5S;, 5Z lGI\+6
ZFBJ]\ P T[GM p5IMU SZJF VG[ T[G[ GFD VF5J\] JU[Z[ lS|IFG[
;\Sl,T ZLT[ clA8D[\l5U (Bitmapping ) cc SC[ K[P
21
1.4 D<8LlD0LIF SFI"S|DG\] 5|NX"G SZJF DF8[GF\ ;FWGM

D<8L lD0LIF SFI"S|DGF 5|NX"G DF8[ ;FDFgI ZLT[ GLR[
H6FJ[, ;FWGMGM p5IMU SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P
s!f D<8LlD0LIF Sd%I}8Z ( Multimedia Computer ) :
D<8LlD0LIF 5|NX"G DF8[GL ;UJ0 WZFJTF\ SM.56
Sd%I}8ZGF\ DMlG8Z p5Z D<8LlD0LIF SFI"S|DM HM. XSFI K[P
LCD( Liquide Crystal Display:LCD) 5[G,GM p5IMU
SZLG[ DM8F 50NF p5Z 56 VFJF SFI"S|D HM. XSFI K[P LCD
äFZF 50NF p5Z 5|MH[SXG IF 5|1F[56 (Protection) SZJF DF8[
T[G[ Sd%I}8Z ;FY[ HM0JFDF\ VFJ[ K[ VG[ VMJZC[0 5|MH[S8Z 5Z
D]SJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ Sd%I]8Z RF,] SZTF T[GL ;DU| N'xI DFlCTL LCD
5Z VFJ[ K[ VG[ OHP äFZF T[ N'xI DM8F :J~5[ OHP GL ;FD[
D}S[, 50NF 5Z HM. XSFI K[P VFGM p5IMU SZJFGL V[S H ;DI[
36F\ ,MSM Sd%I}8Z äFZF ZH} YTL DFlCTL lGCF/L XS[ K[P
sZf lSIM;S (Kiosk)o
36LJFZ :S|LG 5Z SM. AFAT V\U[ ;\5}6" DFlCTL VF5L
XSFTL GYLP 36L JBT ,F\AL DFlCTLG[ H]NF H]NF XLQF"S S[ 5[8F
XLQF"S C[9/ JC[\RL N[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[4 VG[ OST T[ XLQF"S S[ 5[8F XLQF"S
Sd%I}8Z :S|LG 5Z N[BF0JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P :S|LG 5Z NX"FJJFDF\ VFJ[,
22
DFlCTLGF\ ;\NE"DF\ JWFZFGL lJUTM HF6JL CMI TM l:S|G 5Z H[ T[

DFlCTL 5Z VF\U/L D}SJFYL T[G[ ,UTL lJUTM VF5MVF5 :S|LG
5Z HMJF D/X[P VFJL ;UJ0 VF56F\ Sd%I}8ZG[ lSIM:S SC[JFDF\
VFJ[ K[P ;FDFgI ZLT[ lSIM:SDF\ 5|FZ\lES DFlCTL IFNL (List
Menu ) :J~5[ VF5[,L CMI K[P IFNLDF\GL SM. RMSS; lJUT
5Z VF\U/L D}SJFYL T[G[ ,UTL JWFZFGL lJUT VF56G[ :S|LG 5Z
HMJF D/X[P ;\UC
| :YFG (Museum)4 Z[<J[v:8[XG4lJDFG3Z
(Airport ) JU[Z[ H[JF\ HFC[Z :Y/MV[ VF56G[ lSIM:S HMJF D/[
K[P
s#f 8[l,lJhG :S|LG (Television Screen ) :
8[l,lJhG :S|LG p5Z 56 D<8LlD0LIF 5|NX"G Y. XS[ K[P
5Z\T] VF56[ HF6LV[ KLV[ S[ 8[l,lJhG OST VG]~5 l;uG,
:JLSFZ[ K[P T[YL Sd%I}8ZGF\ ;F\lbIS l;uG,G[ VG]~5 l;uG,DF\
O[ZJJF DF8[ Sd%I}8ZDF\ V[S V[0%[ 8Z SF0" ,UF0J\] 50[ K[ VF
V[0%8Z SF0"G[ c:S[G SgJ8"Z (Scan Converter )c SC[JFDF\
VFJ[ K[P
23
s$f :,F.0 5|MH[S8Z o

Sd%I]8Z äFZF lGI\l+T 5|MH[S8ZGM p5IMU SZLG[ 56
D<8LlD0LIF SFI"S|DM HM. XSFI K[ Sd%I]8ZDF\ z'\B,F 5M8"
(Serial Port ) GM p5IMU SZLG[ ;M/ 5|MH[S8Z V[S ;FY[
Sd%I}8ZDF\ HM0L XSFI K[ H[YL V[S ;FY[ 36L jIlSTVM SFI"S|D
HM. XS[ K[ CJ[ TM l0hL8, 8[l,lJhG 56 AHFZDF\ D/TF\ YIF\ K[
H[ ;F\lbIS l;uG,G[ IMuI :J~5[ NX"FJL XS[ K[P
s5f SM0",[; DFp; (Cordless Mouse ):

SM0",[; DFp;G[ CFYDF\ ZFBLG[ Sd%I}8Z :S|LG p5Z DFp;
5M.g8ZG[ UD[ T[ lNXFDF\ DMS,L XSFI K[P HIFZ[ 5|NX"G STF"
C,GR,G SZTF\ SZTF\ D<8LlD0LIFG\] 5|NX"G SZJF DF\UT[F CMI
tIFZ[ SM0",[; DFp; B}A p5IMUL K[P T[ OST CFYGF .XFZ[ SFD
SZ[ K[ H[YL T[G[ ;DT,LI ;5F8L 5Z D}SLG[ O[ZJJ\] 50T\] GYLP VF
Sd%I}8ZGF\ lZDM8 S\8=M, H[J\] SFI" SZ[ K[P
24
2.
mi(ht) tk`(nk)GM
lX1F6
VG[
XF/FDF\ p5IMU
25
2.1. mi(ht) tk`(nk)ni[ aY<

X{1Fl6S TSŸlGSL VG[ DFlCTL TSŸlGSLGL 36F\ AWF
lX1F6XF:+LVM äFZF VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, jIFbIFVMDF\GL V[S jIFbIF
GLR[ D]HA K[P
 X{1Fl6S TSŸlGSL o
ccDFGJ äFZF VwIIG VG[ ;\N[XF jIJCFZGF 1F[+DF\ YTF\
;\XMWGM 5Z VFWFlZT lJlXQ8 C[T]VMGF\ ;\NE"DF\ VwIIG
VwIF5GGL ;DU| 5|lS|IFGL ~5Z[BF T{IFZ SZJFGL4T[ 5|lS|IF
VD,DF\ ,FJJFGL VG[ T[G\] D}<IF\SG SZJFGL V[S jIJl:YT ZLT
V[8,[ X{1Fl6S TSŸlGSL S[ H[ JW] V;ZSFZS lX1F6 DF8[ DFGJ VG[
DFGJ[TZ :+MTMGF\ ;\IMHGGM p5IMU SZJFGL 5âlT NX"FJ[ K[P cc
" Educational Technology is the systemic way
of designing, carrying out and evaluating the total
process of learning teaching in terms of specific
objectives, based on research in Human learning
and communication and employing a combination
of human and non – human resources to bring
about more effective instruction.
26
 DFlCTL TSŸlGSL o
cc DFlCTLG\] ;H"G4 ;\UC
| 4 jIJ:YF5G4 lJlGDI VG[
DFlCTL5|[QF6 DF8[ TYF T[GL p5Z 5|lS|IF SZJFDF\ DF8[ J5ZFTF\
;FWGM TSŸlGSLGM ;D}C V[8,[ DFlCTL TSŸlGSLPcc
VFD4 jIFbIFVM 5ZYL SCL XSFI S[4 X{1Fl6S TSŸlGSLGF V[S
EFU TZLS[ DFlCTL TSŸlGSLGM p5IMU SZL XSFI K[ X{1Fl6S
5|lS|IFDF\ DFlCTL TSŸlGSLGM p5IMU SZJF[ CMI TM VwIIG v
VwIF5GGF l;âF\TM 56 wIFGDF\ ZFBJF 50[P
1.2 VwIIG v VwIF5G 5|lS|IFDF\ mi(ht) tk`(nk)

VwIIG vVwIF5G 5|lS|IFDF\ IT GF p5IMUGF C[T]VM
lX1FS TYF lJnFYL"GF 51F[ V,U vV,U ZLT[ HF6L XSFI K[P
v lJnFYL" 51F[ C[T]VM o
s!f lJnFYL" lJl0VM SMgOZg;L\U S[ VMl0IM SMgOZg;L\U äFZF
lX1F6 D[/J[P
sZf lJnFYL" Sd%I}8Z VFWFlZT :JPVwIIG ;FDU|LGM p5IMU SZ[P
s#f lJnFYL" lJlJW X{1Fl6S ;MO8J[ZGF p5IMUYL 5MTFGF
lJQFIMGM VeIF; SZ[P
s$f lJnFYL" X{1Fl6S lJl0VM ;LP 0LP GM p5IMU SZ[P
27
s5f lJnFYL" VMGv,F.G VwIIG SFI" SZ[P

s&f lJnFYL" lJlJW lJQFIMG[ ,UTF 5|MH[S8 Sd%I}8Z 5Z T{IFZ SZ[P
s*f lJnFYL" Sd%I}8Z 5Z lJlJW lJQFIMG[ ,UTL lJ:T'T DFlCTL
.g8ZG[8 äFZF XMWL SF-[P
s(f lJnFYL" Sd%I}8Z VFWFlZT lJlJW :5WF"VMDF\ EFU ,[P
s)f lJnFYL" XF/FGF lX1FSM ;FY[ ;TT ;\5S"DF\ ZC[JF DF8[
.g8ZG[8GM p5IMU SZ[P
s!_f lJnFYL" VgI XF/FGF lX1FSM VG[ lJnFYL"VM ;FY[
;TT ;\5S"DF\ ZC[P
 lX1FSM 51F[ C[T]VM o
s!f lX1FS ;DI 5+S VG[ VFIMHG T{IFZ SZ[P
sZf lX1FS lJlJW X{1Fl6S ;MO8J[ZGL ZRGF SZ[P
s#f lX1FS lJnFYL"VMGF 5|UlT5+S T{IFZ SZ[P
s$f lX1FS Sd%I}8Z 5Z HFT[ H 5|`G5+GL ZRGF SZ[P
s5f lX1FS Sd%I}8Z 5Z 5|`GA[\S T{IFZ SZ[P
s&f lX1FS 5|`GA[\S ;D}C AGFJJF DF8[ VgI XF/FGF lX1FSM ;FY[
lJnFYL"VMGL VF5 v ,[ SZ[P
s*f lX1FS Sd%I}8Z 5Z 5lZ6FD5+S T{IFZ SZ[P
s(f lX1FS lJnFYL"VMGF 5lZ6FDG\] lJ`,[QF6 SZ[P
28
s)f lX1FS 5lZ6FDGF lJ`,[QF6 VFWFZ[ VFUFDL VwIF5G SFI"G \]

VFIMHG SZ[P
s!_f lX1FS lJnFYL"G\] D}<IF\SG Sd%I}8Z äFZF SZ[P
s!!f lX1FS .g8ZG[8 5Z X{1Fl6S J[A ;F.8GL D],FSFT ,[P
s!Zf lX1FS VMG v ,F.G lX1F6 VF5[P
s!#f lX1FS Sd%I}8Z VFWFlZT ;FDU|L T{IFZ SZ[P
s!$f lX1FS lJnFYL"VMG[ X{1Fl6S J[A ;F.8GL D],FSFT ,[JF
5|[Z[P
s!5f lX1FS Sd%I}8Z VFWFlZT :JPVwIIG ;FDU|LGF
p5IMU SZJFG\] lGNX"G SZ[P
s!&f lX1FS lJlJW X{1Fl6S ;MO8J[ZGM lX1F6 SFI"DF\
p5IMU SZ[P
s!*f lX1FS Sd%I]8Z äFZF :J VwIIG ;FDU|LGF p5IMU
SZJFG\] lGNX"G SZ[P
s!(f lX1FS X{1Fl6S J[A ;F.8 V\U[ VC[JF, ,B[P
s!)f lX1FS jIlSTUT ~lR VG[ H~lZIFTM VG];FZ VwIIG
;FDU|L lJnFYL"VMG[ VF5[P
sZ_f lX1FS lJnFYL"VMG[ DFU"NX"G VG[ ;\NEM" 5}ZF 5F0[P
sZ!f lX1FS Sd%I}8Z VFWFlZT :5WF"VMG\] VFIMHG SZ[P
29
sZZf lX1FS lJnFYL"VMG[ 8I]8MlZI, s VG]lX1F6 f DF\ HM0[P
2.3 I.T. VFWFlZT VwIF5G cv VwIIG 5|lS|IFGF VlEUDM

I.T. VFWFlZT VwIF5G cv VwIIG 5|lS|IFGF VlEUDM D]bItJ[
5F\R VlEUDM K[P
s!f Sd%I]8Z ;CFI VwIF5G
sZf Sd%I}8Z jIJ:YFl5T VwIF5G
s#f Sd%I]8Z ;HH VwIF5G
s$f J[A VFWFlZT VwIF5G
s5f VFEF;L JU" B\0
 s!f Sd%I}8Z ;CFI VwIF5G s Computer Assisted

Instruction : CAI f
VF VlEUDDF\ lX1FS VG[ lJnFYL"VM JrR[ ;LW[;LWL
VF\TZlS|IF YTL GYLP VF VlEUDDF\
Sd%I}8Z VG[ lJnFYL" JrR[ VF\TZlS|IF YFI K[ H[GL D]bI AFATM
GLR[ D]HA K[P
 VF läW|]JL VF\TZlS|IFDF\ V[S 51F[ lJnFYL" TM ALHF 51F[
Sd%I}8Z CMI K[P
30
 VF VlEUDDF\ lX1FSGL CFHZL H~ZL GYLP

 lJnFYL" HFT[ H Sd%I}8Z 5ZYL 5MTFGF lJQFIG[ VeIF; SIF"
AFN 5MTFGF 5|lTRFZ H6FJ[ K[P
 lJnFYL"GF V5FI[, 5|lTRFZG\] Sd%I}8Z D}<IF\SG SZ[ K[
VG[T[GM 5|lTRFZ ;FRM CMI K[ S[ BM8M T[ H6FJ[ K[P HM
5\lTRFZ ;FRM CMI TM Sd%I}8Z GJM pNL5S 5}ZM 5F0[ K[P VG[
5|lTRFZ BM8M CMI TM OZLYL pNL5S 5}ZM 5F0[ K[P
 lJnFYL" P.C.s5;"G, Sd%I}8Z f VYJF ;J"Z äFZF
lGI\l+T CMI T[JF 8lD"G,GM p5IMU SZ[ K[P
 VF VlEUDYL jIlSTUT lEgGTFVM ;\TMQFFI K[P lJnFYL"
5MTFGL UlT 5|DF6[ XLBL XS[ K[P
 Sd%I}8Z äFZF H lJnFYL"GL 5|UlTGL GM\W ZBFI K[P
 sZf Sd%I}8Z jIJ:YFl5T VwIF5G s Computer
Managed Instruction : CMIf o
lX1F6 5|lX1F6 5|lS|IFDF\ X{1Fl6S jI}CZRGF T{IFZ
SZJFDF\ s!f VeIF;S|DGM lJSF; sZf X{1Fl6S jIJ:YF5G
VG[ JCLJ8 s#f X{1Fl6S VFIMHG s$f lJnFYL"GL S;M8L
VG[ D}<IF\SG s5f X{1Fl6S N:TFJ[HLSZ6 s&f lJnFYL"VMGF
5lZ6FDMG\] lJ`,[QF6 s*f X{1Fl6S ;\XMWG s(f X{1Fl6S
31
;J["1F6M H[JF lJlJW 5F;FVM wIFGDF\ ,[JF 50[ K[P Sd%I}8ZGL

DNN äFZF VF SFIM" SZJFDF\ VFJ[ TM lX1F6 v 5|lX1F6
5|lS|IFGL GJL jI}CZRGF GSSL SZJFDF\ VFJ[ TM T[G[ Sd%I}8Z
jIJ:YFl5T VwIF5G s CMIf SC[ K[P
CMI GL jIFbIF VF5TF A[., s !)(Z f DF\ H6FJ[
K[ S[4 cc JF:TlJS VwIF5G SFI" SIF" l;JFI VwIF5G
jIJ:YF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZG[ NZ[S ;UJ0MGM VwIF5S äFZF
lJlGIMU V[8,[ CMI"P
CMI includes all applications of the
computer aid to the instructor in instructional
management without actually doing the
teaching .
jIFbIF 5ZYL V[J\] TFZ6 SF-L XSFI S[4 JF:TlJS
lX1F6 5|lX1F6 5|lS|IF 5C[,F lX1FS lX1F6
5|lX1F6 5|lS|IFGF z[Q9 jIJ:YF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZDF\ 0[8F
NFB, SZL T[GF 5lZ6FDM VFWFlZT VwIF5G jI}CZRGF AGFJ[P
s#f Sd%I}8Z ;HH VwIF5G sComputer Aided
Instruction : CAIf
32
HIFZ[ Sd%I}8ZGL DNN äFZF lX1F6 VF5JFDF\ VFJ[ tIFZ[ T[G[

Sd%I}8Z ;HH VwIF5G sCAI) SC[ K[P VF VlEUDDF\ lX1FS
T[GF VwIF5G SFI" NZlDIFG X{1Fl6S ;FWG TZLS[ Sd%I}8ZGM
p5IMU SZ[ K[P VFDF Sd%I}8Z äFZF ZH] SZJFDF\ VFJ[, DFlCTL
lX1FSGF VwIF5G SFI"DF\ DNN~5 YFI K[P Sd%I}8Z ;HH
VwIF5GDF\YL lX1FSG[ N}Z SZJFDF\ VFJ[ TM VF VlEUD Sd%I}8Z
;CFI VwIF5GGF VlEUD H[JL H AGL HFI K[P
s$f J[A VFWFlZT VwIF5G s Web Based Instruction

: WBIf o
World Wide Web –www GM p5IMU SZLG[
JU"B\0DF\ lX1F6 SFI" SZJ\] V[8,[ J[A VFWFlZT VwIF5GP VF
VlEUD lJnFYL" S[gãL4 lX1FS S[gãL S[ VF\TZlS|IFtDS CM. XS[P
AC] DFwID sMultimedia f VFWFlZT VwIIG
;FDU|LVM J[A VFWFlZT VwIIGM D]bI VFWFZ K[P VF VwIIG
;FDU|L lJQFI lGQ6F\TM4 lX1F6 XF:+LVM4 ;MO8J[Z lGQ6F\TM VG[
J[A ;F.8 ;\RF,SMGF ;\I]ST ;CSFZYL T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[PH[
lJlJW J[A;F.8 5Z D}SJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P lJnFYL" J[A ;F.8 BM,LG[
VF VwIIG ;FDU|LGM p5IMU SZ[ K[P VFJL J[A ;F.8DF\ D}S[,
33
VwIIG ;FDU|LDF\ RMSS; lJQFIGF VeIF;S|D ;FY[ VlES|lDT

VwIIGDF\ l;âF\TMGM ;DFJ[X 56 SZJFDF\ VFjIM CMI K[P
s5f VFEF;L JU"B\0 sVirtual Classroomfo

"Virtual Classroom is an information
Technology Based system where a live teaching –
learning process is carried out by connecting the
students, teachers and educationalists, who are
geographically present at one place or at different
places, with one another. "
cc EF{UMl,S ZLT[ V[S H :Y/[ S[ lJlJW :Y/[ p5l:YT
lJnFYL"VMGF ;D}CG[ lX1FS VG[ lX1F6XF:+LVM ;FY[ 5Z:5Z
;F\S/T\] DFlCTL TSŸlGSL VFWFlZT T\+ S[ HIF\ DC]DFUL" HLJ\T
VF\TZlS|IF äFZF VwIF5G v VwIIG 5|lS|IF SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[4 T[G[
VFEF;L JU"B\0 SCL XSFIPcc
jIFbIF 5ZYL :5Q8 YFI K[ S[4 VF VlEUDDF\ SM. V[S
lGl`RT RFZ lNJF,GL JrR[ VwIF5S VG[ VwI[TF JrR[ VF\TZlS|IF
YTL GYL 56 Sd%I}8Z G[8JS" äFZF T[DG[ 5Z:5Z ;F\S/[ K[P VF
VlEUD AC]DFUL" VwIF5G v VwIIG 5|lS|IF K[P VFDF\
34
;\S/FI[, NZ[S jIlST V[SALHF ;FY[ VF\TZlS|IF SZL XS[ K[ NZ[S

jIlSTGF Sd%I}8Z ;J"Z ;FY[ HM0FI[, CMI K[P VFEF;L JU"B \0GL
~5Z[BF VFS'lTDF\ H6FjIF 5|DF6[ CMI K[P
VFEF;L JU"B\0GL ~5Z[BF
VFS'lT 5ZYL HM. XSFI K[ S[ NZ[S jIlST ;J"Z J0[

V[SALHF ;FY[ ;\5S" WZFJ[ K[P VwI[TF lX1FS S[ VgI VwI[TF ;FY[
RRF" SZ[ tIFZ[ AFSLGF ,MSM zMTF AGL HFI K[P 56 RRF"DF\ 5MTFGF
VlE5|FIM ZH] SZL XS[ K[P VFD4 VlEUD AC]DFUL" VwIF5G v
VwIIG 5|lS|IF K[P Sd%I]8Z G[8JS" äFZF VF VlEUD J0[ S[8,FS
lJ:TFZG[ VFJZL XSFI K[P
35
CAI GF 5|SFZM
CAI GF D]bItJ[ K 5|SFZM K[P

s!f ;\JFN äFZF Sd%I}8Z ;CFI lX1F6 o
lJnFYL"GF 5}K[,F 5|`GMGF HJFA Sd%I}8Z VF5[ T[ T[G[ ;\JFN
äFZF VwIF5G YI\] SC[JFIP VF SFI" SZJF DF8[ lJnFYL" 5F;[
;\ElJT 5|`GMGL IFNL CMJL HM.V[ H[GF p¿ZM Sd%I}8ZDF\ ;\U|lCT
SZJF 50[ K[P HM VF IFNL ACFZGF 5|`GM 5}KJFDF\ VFJ[ TM Sd%I}8Z
äFZF p¿Z G D/[P VFDF\ lJnFYL" VG[ Sd%I}8Z JrR[GM ;\JFN
DIF"lNT 5|DF6DF\ CMI K[PPP lJnFYL"V[ T[GM 5|`G SL AM0" S[ VgI
SM. .G5]8 ;FWG äFZF Sd%I}8ZDF\ NFB, SZ[ tIFZ[ T[GM p¿Z
DMlG8Z 5Z D/[ K[P HM Sd%I}8ZDF\ :JLR lZSMluGXGGM p5IMU
SIM" CMI TM ;\JFN DF[lBS ZLT[ 56 Y. XS[ K[P
sZf N-LSZ6 VG[ DCFJZF DF8[CAI (CAI for Drill &

Practice ) o
JU"B\0DF\ lX1FS äFZF XLBJ[, D]N'FVMG\] 5]GZFJT"G
lJnFYL"VMV[ HFT[ H SZJFG\] CMI K[P HM VF XLBJ[, D]N'FVM
36
Sd%I}8ZDF\ ;\U|lCT SZJFDF\ VFJ[ TM NZ[S lJnFYL" 5MTFGL HFT[ N-

LSZ6 VG[ 5]GZFJT"G SFI" ;Z/TFYL SZL XS[ K[P
s#f CAI äFZF UFl6lTS ;D:IF pS[, ( Mathematical
Problem Selving through CAI ) o
lJnFYL" SM. UFl6lTS lS|IF DF8[ Sd%I}8ZG[ 0[8F 5}ZM 5F0[ VG[
Sd%I}8Z H~ZL ;}+M TYF lS|IFVMGM p5IMU SZLG[ T[GM HJFA
D[/JL VF5[ VG[ ;FY[ ;FY[ U6TZLGF ;F[5FGM 56 NX"FJ[P
s$f CAI äFZF :JFwIFI SFI" s Exercise through CAI f
Sd%I}8Z äFZF lJnFYL' ;FD[ 5|`G S[ ;D:IF D}SJFDF\ VFJ[ VG[
T[GM 5|lTRFZ lJnFYL" VF5[P Sd%I}8Z T[G\] D}<IF\SG VG[ U]6F\SG SZ[
VG[ lJnFYL"G[ T[GF 5|lTRFZM V\U[ 5|lTRFZ 5}ZM 5F0[ [P CM\lXIFZ VG[
GS/F lJnFYL"VM DF8[ V,U V,U Sl9GTFJF/F 5|`GM S[
;D:IFVM Sd%I}8Z äFZF ZH] SZFI K[P H[ lGA\W 5|SFZGF 5|`GM DF8[
p5IMUL GYLP
s5f Sd%I}8Z VFWFlZT VlES|lDT VwIIG s Computer

Based Programme Learning : CBPL )o
lJnFYL"VMG[ T[GF :JVwIIGDF\ p5IMUL YFI T[JF
VlES|lDT VwIIGGF l;âF\TMG[ ,1FDF\ ZFBLG[ Sd%I}8Z ;MO8J[Z
37
T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P H[G[ Sd%I}8Z äFZF VlES|lDT VwIIG SCL
XSFIP CBPLDF\ lJQFIJ:T]G[ GFGF 8]S0FVMDF\ D]N'F :J~5[
lJEFHLT SZL RMSS; S|DDF\ ZH}VFT lJnFYL" ;D1F SZFI K[ H[
lJnFYL" JF\RL ;D[ K[ T[GL ;DH RSF;TF 5|`GM 5}KJFDF\ VFJ[ K[
T[GF p¿ZM ;FRF K[ S[ BM8F T[ Sd%I}8Z H6FJ[ K[P HM HJFA ;FRM
CMI TM Sd%I}8Z GJF D]NF ZH} SZ[ K[ VG[ HJFA BM8M CMI TM 5]Go
VeIF; DF8[GL TS 5]ZL 5F0[ K[P VFD4 lJnFYL" T[GL UlT 5|DF6[
5|UlT ;FWL XS[ K[P
s&f Sd%I]8Z VFWFlZT VwIF5G s Computer Based

Instruction )o
Sd%I}8Z lJQFIJ:T]GF D]N'FVMG[ V[SDGF EFU~5[ H ZH]
SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ H[GF\ VeIF; lJnFYL" 5MTFGL UlT 5|DF6[ UlT SZ[
K[P ;DU| V[SD ZH]VFT AFN lJnFYL"GL ;DH RSF;TF 5|`GM
5}KL XSFIP H[DF\ lJnFYL"VMGL ;D:IF pS[,JF DF8[ lX1FS CFHZ
CMI K[P H[G[ Sd%I}8Z 5Z VFWFlZT lGZLl1FT VeIF; 5âlT 56
SC[ K[P
CAI GF OFINFVM VG[ U[ZOFINFVM
 CAI GF OFINFVM
38
 VwIF5G 5âlT lJnFYL"S[gãL K[P

 lX1FSGL U[ZCFHZL JBT[ T[GM p5IMU SZL XSFI K[P
 VwIIG 5|lS|IF lJnFYL"GF lGI\+6DF\ CMI K[P
 lJnFYL" 5MTFGL 1FDTF 5|DF6[ 5|UlT SZL XS[ K[P
 lJnFYL"VMGF jIlSUT TOFJTM 5MQFFI K[P
 JW] lJnFYL"VMG[ G[8JS" äFZF lX1F6 VF5L XSFI K[P
 lJnFYL"VM ;D1F Virtual Reality ZH] SZL XSFI K[P
 SM.56 ;DI[ lJnFYL" 5]GZFJT"G SZL XS[ K[P
 VwIIG ;FDU|L ,F\AF ;DI ;]WL ;FRJL XSFI K[P
 VwIIG ;FDU|LDF\ ;C[,F.YL ;]WFZF JWFZF SZL XSFI K[P
 lJnFYL"VM ;D1F lJ:T'T DFlCTL ZH} SZL XSFI K[P
 VFSQF"S lR+M4 R,lR+M4 VFS'lT4 ;\ULT VG[ V[lGD[XGGF
p5IMU äFZF lJQFIJ:T]GL VFSQF"S ZH]VFT SZL XSFI K[P
 SM.56 5FlZEFlQFS XaNMGL H~Z H6FI tIFZ[ lJnFYL"G[
CFY 5Z l,\S äFZF DFlCTL VF5L XSFI K[P
 VwIIG ;FDU|LGL SM5LVM GHLJF BR[" 5|F%T SZL XSFI K[P
 lX1FSGL jIJ;FlIS ;HHTFDF\ JWFZM SZL XSFI K[P
39
v CAI GF U[ZOFINFVM
 lJnFYL" VG[ lX1FS JrR[ VF\TZlS|IF YTL GYLP
 lJnFYL"GF AWF H SF{X<IMGM lJSF; SZL XSFTM GYLP
 VwIIG ;FDU|L T{IFZ SZJFDF\ ;DI JW] HFI K[P
 5|FZ\EDF\ CAI BR"F/ K[P
 lJnFYL" Sd%I]8ZDF\ ;DFJ[X SZJFDF\ VFJ[,L VwIIG ;FDU|L
l;JFIGL VgI DFlCTL D[/JL XSTM GYLP
 lJnFYL"GL 5|UlT RSF;TF AWF H 5|SFZGF 5|`GMGM ;DFJ[X
SZL XSFTM GYLP
 lJnFYL"GL ;D:IFGM TtSFl,G lGSF, VFJTM GYLP
 CAI DF8[GL H~ZL 5|FYlDS4 EF{lTS ;]lJWFVMGM XF/FDF\
VEFJ HMJF D/[ K[P
 NZ[S lX1FS CAI GF ;MO8J[Z T{IFZ SZJFG\] SFI" G SZL XS[P
 ;\5}6" U]6J¿FJF/L VwIIG ;FDU|L T{IFZ SZJF Sd%I]8Z
;MO8J[Z VG[ lX1F6 DGMlJ7FGGF l;âF\TMG\] 7FG WZFJTF
lGQ6F\TMGL p65 H6FI K[P
 Sd%I}8Z ;\RF,GG\] 7FG NZ[S lX1FS 5F;[ G CMJFYL T[VM GF
p5IMU SZJFG\] 8F/[ K[P
40
3.
aiBis) vg<K>Di[
Virtual Classroom
41
"Virtual Classroom is an information Technology

Based system where a live teaching – learning
process is carried out by connecting the students,
teachers and educationalists, who are
geographically present at one place or at different
places, with one another. "
cc EF{UMl,S ZLT[ V[S H :Y/[ S[ lJlJW :Y/[ p5l:YT
lJnFYL"VMGF ;D}CG[ lX1FS VG[ lX1F6XF:+LVM ;FY[ 5Z:5Z
;F\S/T\] DFlCTL TSŸlGSL VFWFlZT T\+ S[ HIF\ DC]DFUL" HLJ\T
VF\TZlS|IF äFZF VwIF5G v VwIIG 5|lS|IF SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[4 T[G[
VFEF;L JU"B\0 SCL XSFIPcc
J[A VFWFlZT VwIF5GGF 5|SFZM

v J[A VFWFlZT VwIF5GGF D]bItJ[ A[ 5|SFZM K[P
lX1FS S[gãL J[A VFWFlZT VwIF5G ( Teacher Centered
WBI )
lX1FS S[gãL lX1FS JU"B\0DF\ H lJlJW J[A ;F.8 Sd%I}8Z
5Z BM,M VYJF JU"B\0DF\ HTF 5C[,F HFT[ lJlJW J[A ;F.8GL H[
T[ lJQFIG[ ,UTL DFlCTL E[UL SZL T[G[ GJF :J~5[ Sd%I}8ZDF\
42
NFB, SZL lJnFYL"VM ;D1F ZH} SZ[4 VG[ lJnFYL"VG[ NZ[S D]N'FGL
;DH VF5TM HFIP lJnFYL" T[GM VY" U|C6 SZ[ VF VwIF5G
5|lS|IF V[SDFUL" AGL ZC[ K[P
lJnFYL" S[gãL J[A VFWFlZT VwIF5G ( Student Centered
WBI)o
VF 5|lS|IFDF\ lX1FSGL E}lDSF DFU"NX"S S[ ;CFIS TZLS[ ZC[
K[P lX1FS lJnFYL"G[ 5MTFGL CFHZLDF\ lJlJW J[A;F.8 BM,JFDF\
VG[ T[DF\YL DFlCTL D[/JJFDF\ DNN SZ[ K[ lJnFYL"VM lJlJW
DFlCTLVMGM VeIF; SZ[ K[P VG[ DFlCTLG[ Sd%I}8ZDF\ S[ l5|g8
äFZF GJF :J~5DF\ ;\Ul| CT SZ[ K[P lJnFYL"VMGL ;D:IFVMF
pS[,DF\ lX1FS DNN~5 AG[ K[ HIFZ[ lX1FSGL U[ZCFHZLDF\ p5Z
D]HAG\] SFI" lJnFYL" HFT[ SZ[ tIFZ[ T[ Sd%I]8Z VFWFlZT VwIIG
AGL ZC[ K[P
G[8JS" VFWFlZT VFEF;L JU"B \0GF 5|SFZM

v G[8JS" VFWFlZT VFEF;L JU"B\0 ( Network Based
Virtual Class-room: NBVC )GF 5|SFZM D]bItJ[ 5F\R K[ H[
GLR[ D]HA K[P
43
s!f ,MS, V[lZIF G[8JS" VFWFlZT VFEF;L JU"B \0 (LAN

Based Virtual Class room : LAN –BVC )o
LAN s,[Gf GM p5IMU SZL ;LlDT lJ:TFZ V[8,[ S[ V[S H
;\S], S[ DSFGDF\GF lJnFYL"VM G[ lX1FSMG[ HM0L XSFI K[P HM
LAN G[ WWW ;FY[ HM0L ;LlDT lJ:TFZGL DIF"NF N}Z
SZL XSFI K[P
sZf JF.0 V[lZIF G[8JS" VFWFlZT VFEF;L JU"B \0 ( Wide
Area Net Work Based Virtual Class- room :
WAN-BVC) o
ZFHIjIF5L4 N[X jIF5L S[ lJ`JjIF5L lX1FSM VG[
lJnFYL"VMG[ J0[ ;F\S/L XSFI K[ VF G[8JS"DF\ HM0FI[,F
,MSM H EFU ,. XS[ K[P
s#f .g8ZG[8 VFWFlZT VFEF;L JU"B\0 s Internet Based
Virtual Class Room : IBVCfo
VF 5|SFZGF\ JU"B\0DF\ lJ`JDF\ SM>56 B]6[ ZC[,F
lJnFYL"VM S[ lX1FSG[ ;F\S/L XSFI K[P
s$f ;[8[,F.8 V[lZIF G[8JS" VFWFlZT VFEF;L JU"B\0( SAN
Based Virtual Class room :SAN-BVC ) :
44
VF 5|SFZGF\ VFEF;L JU"B\0DF\ S'l+D p5U|CM äFZF VFJZL

,[JFDF\ VFJ[, lJ:TFZMGF lJnFYL"VM T[DH lX1FSG[ ;F\S/L XSFI
K[P
s5f D[8=M5Ml,8G V[lZIF G[8JS" VFWFlZT VFEF;L JU"B\0 o s
MAN Based Virtual Class-room : MAN-BVC )o
RMSS; DCFGUZMG[ VFJZL ,[TF lJ:TFZGF lX1FSM S[
lJnFYL"VMG[ VF 5|SFZGF VFEF;L JU"B\0DF\ ;F\S/L XSFI K[P
VFEF;L JU"B\0DF\ TSŸlGSL

v VFEF;L JU"B\0DF\ D]bItJ[ GLR[ D]HAGL TSŸlGSLVMGM
p5IMU YFI K[P
s!f J[A VFWFlZT JFTF",F5 (Web Based chatting :
WBC )
sZf J[A VFWFlZT lJl0IM SMgOZg;L\U ( Web Based Video
Conferencing : WBVC )
s#f J[A VFWFlZT VMl0IM SMgOZg;L\U( Web Based Audio
Conferencing : WBAC )
45
k[Tlik pdi[n) ApOTti

sV[f J[A VFWFlZT JFTF",F5 ( WBC )
sALf J[A VFWFlZT lJl0IM SMgOZg;L\U(WBVC)
s;Lf J[A VFWFlZT VMl0IM SMgOZg;L\U(WBAC)
v sV[f J[A VFWFlZT JFTF",F5 ( Web Based Chatting :
WBC ) o
.g8ZG[8 äFZF ,[lBT DFlCTLGF VFNFG v 5|NFG SZJFGL lS|IF
V[8,[ R[l8\UP H[ Sd%I}8Z G[8JS"GL ;F{YL ;:TL VG[ h05L ;\N[XF
jIJCFZGL ;[JF K[P .g8ZG[8 äFZF ;\N[XM DMS,GFZ VG[ D[/JGFZ
V[SALHFGM ;\5S" WZFJ[ K[P ;FD[JF/L jIlST ;\N[X JF\RLG[ TZT H
;FD[ OZL ;\N[XM 5F9J[ K[ 5|YD jIlST T[ ;\N[X JF\RL OZLYL 5MTFGM
;\N[X ;FD[GL jIlSTG[ DMS,FJ[ K[P VFD4 ;\N[XFGL VF5 v ,[ AG[
jIlST .rK[ T[8,M ;DI RF,] ZFBL XSFI K[P 36LJFZ V[S ;ZBF
JWFZ[ jIlSTVM V[S ;FY[ ;\N[XFGL VF5v,[ SZL XS[ K[P NZ[S jIlST
5Z:5Z V[S ALHFGM ;\N[X JF\RL XS[ K[ VG[ 5|lT;\N[X VF5JF DF8[
:JT\+ CMI K[P
VFEF;L JU"B\0DF\ VwIF5G v VwIIG 5|lS|IFDF\ GM
p5IMU SZL XSFI K[P H[DF\ lX1FS S[gãLI :YFG WZFJ[ K[P HIFZ[
lX1FS lJnFYL" JrR[ RRF" RF,TL CMI tIFZ[ +FlCT jIlST .g8ZG[8
46
äFZF RRF"DF\ HM0F. XS[ K[P H[ VFGM ;F{YL DM8M U[ZOFINM K[P
SMdI]lG8L ~D T{IFZ SZL OST 5;\NULGL jIlSTVMG[ 5|J[X VF5L
p5ZGL DIF"NF N}Z SZL XSFI K[P lX1FS ,[lBT DFlCTL Sd%I]8Z 5Z
T{IFZ SZL lJnFYL"VMG[ 5CM\RF0[ K[P lJnFYL"VM T[DGF 5|`GM ,[lBT
:J~5DF\ lX1FSG[ DMS,[ K[P H[GM p¿Z lX1FS ,[lBT :J~5DF\ VF5[
K[P VFD4 VF 5|lS|IF AC]DFUL" AG[ K[P
v sALf J[A VFWFlZT lJl0IM SMgOZg;L\U (Web Based
Video Conferencing : WBAC)
lJlJW :Y/[ VFJ[, jIlSTVMG[ V[S ALHFG[ ;F\E/JF VG[
HMJFGL ;UJ0 5}ZL 5F0TL TSŸlGSL V[8,[ lJ0LIM SMgOZg;L\UP VF
p5ZF\T VFGF J0[ Sd%I]8Z VFWFlZT .g8ZG[8 5[H 5]:TS ;}lR4
N:TFJ[H4 U\|YF,I S[ ;MO8J[ZGL 56 VF5v,[ Y. XS[ K[P
Video conferrencing allows two or more
people at different locations to see and hear one
another at the same time. In addition, it is often
possible to share computer application such as
library, Internet pages, catalogs, documents or
software.
47
WBVC äFZF lX1F6 v 5|lX1F6 SFI" JBT[ lX1FS S[ lJQFI

lGQ6F\T SM. V[S :Y/[YL lJl0IM äFZF lJQFIJ:T]GL ZH]VFT SZ[ K[
H[GM VeIF; lJnFYL" 3ZDF\ S[ T[GF VeIF;S[gãDF\ A[;LG[ SZL XS[
K[P NZ[S :Y/[ J[A S[D[ZF Sd%I]8Z ;FY[ HM0FI[,F CMJFYL NZ[S
jIlST V[SALHFG[ HM. TYF ;F\E/L XS[ K[P H~Z H6FI tIF\
lJnFYL" 5MTFGL ;D:IF ZH] SZ[ K[P H[GM pS[, D]bI S[gãDF\ ZC[,
lX1FS S[ lJQFI lGQ6F\T VF5[ K[PlJl0IM SMgOZg;DF\ HM0FI[,F
VgI lJnFYL"VM 56 RRF"DF\ EFU ,. XS[ K[P
v s;Lf J[A VFWFlZT VMl0IM SMgOZg;L\U (Web Based
Audio Conferencing :WBAC) VMl0IM
SMgOZg;L\UDF\ NZ[S jIlST V[SALHFG[ HM. XSTL GYL 56 OST
;F\E/L H XS[ K[ H[GL jIFbIF GLR[ D]HA VF5L XSFI K[P
cc lJlJW :Y/MV[ p5l:YT S[ T[YL JW] jIlSTVM ;FY[ JFT
SZJFGL ;UJ0 VF5TL TSŸlGSL V[8,[ VMl0IM SMgOZg;L\UP cc
" Audio Conferencing allows you to speak to
two or more persons at different locations.
jIFbIF 5ZYL :5Q8 YFI K[ S[4 lJlJW :Y/MV[ VFJ[,
jIlSTVM V[S H ;DI V[S ALHF ;FY[ VMl0IM SMgOZg;LU äFZF
JFTF",F5 SZL XS[ K[ CJ[ .g8ZG[8 8[l,OMG äFZF ;\N[XF jIJCFZ
48
h05L TYF ;:TM AgIM K[4 DF8[ VFEF;L JU"B \0DF\ J[A VFWFlZT
VMl0IM SMgOZg;L\UGM p5IMU ;Z/TFYL SZL XSFI K[P VFHSF,
J[A VFWFlZT VMl0IM SMgOZg;L\UDF\ cJM.; VMJZ .g8ZG[8
5|M8MSM, sVoice over Internet Protocol fGM p5IMU
YFI K[P H[ IP 5[S[8; äFZF VJFHG[ V[S :Y/[YL ALHF :Y/[
DMS,[ K[P H[GF DF8[ V[GF,MUG\] l0lh8, VG[ l0hL8,G\] V[GF,MU
SgJ8"ZGM p5IMU YFI K[ WBAC DF\ ;\S/FI[, NZ[S jIlST
5MTFGF DF.S|MOMG äFZF 5MTFGL JFT ZH] SZ[ K[P VG[ VgI
jIlSTVM :5LSZ äFZF JFT ;F\E/[ K[P
SMdI]lG8L ~D äFZF R[l8\UGL ,F1Fl6STFVM VG[ liBi[

v SMdI]lG8L ~D äFZF R[l8\UGL ,F1Fl6STFVM o
 B}A H h05YL ;\N[XF jIJCFZ Y. XS[ K[P
 AC]DFUL" 5|lS|IF K[P
 NZ[S VwI[TFGM 5Z:5Z VG[ lX1FS ;FY[ ;TT ;\5S"DF\ ZC[ K[P
 IMuI 5;\NULGL jIlST H VF SFI"DF\ HM0FI K[P
v SMdI]lG8L ~D äFZF R[l8\UGL OFINFVM o
 JFTF",F5GM ;\UC
| SZL XSFI K[ VG[ T[GL l5|g8 D[/JL XSFI
K[P
49
 lJnFYL"VMGL ;D:IFGM TFtSFl,S pS[, D/[ K[

 h05L 5|lS|IF K[P
 Sd%I}8Z VG[ .g8ZG[8 HM0F6 l;JFI ALHF V[S 56
CF0"J[ZGL H~Z 50TL GYLP
lJ0LIM SMgOZg;L\U DF8[GF VFJxIS ;FWGMGF

v Sd%I}8Z v J[A S[D[ZF
v DF.S|MOMG v VF.PV[;P 0LP V[GP
v D<8LDLl0IF v .g8ZG[8 5|M8MSM,
v :5LSZ v lJ0LIM SM0S
lJ0LIM SMgOZg;L\UGF,FE VG[ DIF"NFVM

v lJ0LIM SMgOZg;L\UGF OFINF IF ,FE o
 ;DIGM ARFJ YFI K[P
 lJnFYL"VMGL ;D:IFGM lJSF; VFJL XS[ K[P
 lJnFYL"VMGL ;DHG\] ê0F6 JW[ K[P
 lJnFYL"VMDF\ JW] ;FZL ZLT[ 5|`G 5}KJFG]\ SF{X<I XLB[ K[P
 V[S jIlST ALHL jIlSTG[ HM. XS[ K[ T[YL T[VM V[SALHFGF
DGMEFJ HF6L XSFI K[P
50
 lGQ6F\T jIlST 5F;[YL ;LW\] H 7FG D[/JL XSFI K[P

 lJnFYL"VM lJ`JGF SM.56 lJnFYL"VM ;FY[ ;\5S"DF\ VFJL
XS[P
 VF ;Z/ VG[ ;:TL TSŸlGSL K[P
 HIFZ[ SM. SFI" :Y/ S[ jIlST S[ :Y/GL ~A~ D],FSFT XSI
GF CMI tIFZ[ VF 8[SGM,MHL p5IMUL K[P H[YL lJnFYL"
lJlXQ8 lX1FSMGM ,FE D[/JL XS[ K[P
 lX1FS VG[ lJnFYL" V[SALHF ;FY[ VFNX" ;\A\W éEM SZL XS[
K[P
v lJ0LIM SMgOZg;LUGL DIF"NFVM IF U[Z,FE o
 V[S ;FY[ 36L AWL jIlSTVM AM,[ TM 3M\3F8G\] JFTFJZ6
;HF"I K[P
 JT"DFG 5lZl:YlTDF\ BRF"/ ;FlAT Y. XS[ K[P
VMl0IM SMgOZg;L\UGF OFINF VG[ DIF"NFVM

SMgOZg;L\UGF OFINF
lJnFYL"VMG[ lGQ6F\T lX1FSMGF 7FGGM ,FE D/[ K[P
 AC]DFUL" ;\N[XFjIJCFZ CMJFYL NZ[S jIlST V[SALHFGL JFTM
;F\E/L XS[ K[P
51
 ;DU| lJ`JGF SM.56 B}6[YL T[DF\ ;FD[, Y. XSFI K[P

 ;DIGM ARFJ YFI K[P
 lJ0LIM SMgOZg;L\U SZTF\ 56 ;:TL 8[SGM,MHL K[P
 lJnFYL"VMGL ;D:IFGM TFtSFl,S pS[, D/[ K[P
 N[X v lJN[XGF lJnFYL"VM ;FY[ VFtDLITF A\WFI K[P
 H]NL H]NL 5lZl:YlTDF\ ZC[TF lJnFYL" VG[ lX1FSM V[SALHFGF
5lZRIDF\ VFJ[ K[P

v VMl0IM SMgOZg;L\UGL DIF"NFVM
 OST zFjI 8[SGM,MHL CMJFYL lR+M RF8"4 R,lR+M ZH] SZL
XSFTF\ GYLP
 V[S SZTF\ JW] jIlSTVMV[S ;FY[ AM,JF ,FU[ TM 3M\3F8
YJFGL XSITF ZC[ K[P
 5|6F,LUT VwIIG 5âlT SZTF\ VMl0IM SMgOZg;L\U BRF"/
K[P
 lX1FS VG[ lJnFYL" V[SALHFG[ HM. XSTF GYL T[YL
DGMEFJM HF6L XSFTF GYLP
52
4.
SiLimi>
mi(ht) tk`(nk)ni[
upyi[g
53
XF/F 5]:TSF,IDF\ VF.P 0LP GM p5IMU

 5]:TSMGF lC;FAM ZFBJF DF8[P
 5]:TSMGL IFNL T{IFZ SZJF DF8[P
 GJF 5|SFlXT 5]:TSMGL DFlCTL J[A;F.8 5ZYL D[/JL XSFI
K[P
 JF\RSMGL IFNL ZFBJF DF8[P
 Sd%I}8Z äFZF ,[BS4 5|SFXS4 lJQFI S[ S|DGF VFWFZ[ h05YL
5]:TSM XMWL XSFI K[P
 5]:TSM BZLNJF DF8[GF VM0"Z VF5L XSFI K[P
 V5|F%I 5]:TSMGL DFlCTL :S|[G SZL T[GF ,BF6G[ ,F\AF ;DI
;]WL Sd%I]8ZDF\ ;\U|FCLT SZL XSFI K[P
 Sd%I}8Z G[8JS"GL jIJ:YF CMI TM Sd%I}8ZDF\ ;\U|CLT 5]:TSM
V[S ;FY[ VG[S JF\RSM JF\RL XS[ K[P
 Sd%I}8ZDF\ ;\U|CLT 5]:TSMDF\YL H~ZL 5FGFGL l5|g8
TFtSFl,S D[/JL XSFI K[P
 lJ`JEZGF U\|YF,IM ;FY[ ;TT ;\5S"DF\ ZCL XSFI K[P
 U\|YF,IDF\ U\|Y D[/J6L J[/FV[ p5IMULP
54
XF/F JCLJ8DF\ VF.P 8LP GM p5IMU

 lJnFYL"VM T[DGF 5|J[X OMD" .vD[., S[ XF/FGL J[A ;F.8
äFZF EZL XS[ T[JL jIJ:YF VF.P 8LP äFZF UM9JF. XS[ K[P
 lJnFYL"GF 5lZ6FDG\] lJ`,[QF6 SZLG[ GLlTlJQFIS lG6"IM
TFlSN[ ,. XSFI K[P
 lJnFYL"VMGF 5lZ6FDM .g8ZG[8 äFZF 5|l;â SZL XSFI K[P
 lJnFYL"VMGF 5lZ6FD5+S T{IFZ SZL XSFI K[P
 ;DI5+S T{IFZ SZL XSFI K[P
 5|`G5+M KF5L XSFI K[P
 XF/FG[ ,UTF\ lJlJW VFIMHG T{IFZ SZL XSFIP
 lJnFYL"VM VG[ lX1FSMGL H~ZL V\UT DFlCTL Sd%I}8ZDF\
NFB, SZL XSFI K[P
 lJnFYL"VMGF JF,LVM .g8ZG[8 äFZF XF/F ;FY[ ;TT
;\5S"DF\ ZCL XS[ K[P
 lJlJW ;ZSFZL SR[ZLVM VG[ XF/FVM TYF lJQFI lGQ6F\TM
;FY[ ;Z/TFYL ;\5S" ;FWL XSFI K[P
 lJnFYL"VMG]\ 5|UlT5+S AGFJL JF,LVMG[ DMS,L XSFI K[P
 XF/FGF SD"RFZL U6G\] 5UFZ 5+S AGFJL XSFI K[P
55
 XF/F A[\S ;FY[GF jIJCFZM VF.P 8LP äFZF SZL XSFI K[P
 XF/FGF NZ[S Z[SM0"G[ VMKL HuIFDF\ ;Z/TFYL ;FRJL XSFI
K[P
 0[0:8MSGL GM\W ZFBL XSFI K[P
 XF/FGF VFJS v HFJSGF lC;FAM ZFBL XSFI K[P
VF.P 8LP GM XF/F ;\RF,GDF\ p5IMU

v JU"lX1F6 s Classroom Teachingf o
JU"lX1F6DF\ H]NF\ H]NF\ X{1Fl6S ;MO8J[ZGM p5IMU SZLG[
lX1F6 VF5L XSFI K[P 36F\ V[JF\ ;MO8J[Z AHFZDF\ p5,aW K[ S[
H[ UdDT ;FY[ 7FG VF5[ K[ VF\TZlS|IFtDS sf ;MO8J[ZGM p5IMU
SZLG[ lJnFYL"G[ JU"DF\ :JFwIFI SZJF DF8[ 56 5|[lZT SZL XSFI K[
AHFZDF\ CF,DF\ V[8,F\ X{1Fl6S ;MO8J[Z D/[ K[P H[GL B}A DM8L
IFNL AGFJL XSFIPH]NF H]NF lJQFIMG[ ,UTF V;\bI ;MO8J[ZDF\YL
IMuI ;MO8J[Z 5;\N SZLG[ JU"lX1F6DF\ X{1Fl6S ;FWG TZLS[
Sd%I}8ZGM p5IMU SZL XSFI K[P
VF p5ZF\T lX1FSM HFT[ 56 5FJZ 5M.g8 H[JF ;MO8J[ZGM
p5IMU SZLG[ D<8LlD0LIF VFWFlZT ;MO8J[Z T{IFZ SZL XS[ K[P
56
.g8ZG[8GM p5IMU SZLG[ lJnFYL"VMGL SM. lJQFIG[ ,UTL

lJ:T'T DFlCTL VF5L XSFI K[P
DGMJ{7FlGS l;âF\TMG[ VFWFZ[ V[8,\] TM RMSS; K[ H S[
;F\E/JF SZTF HMJFYL lJnFYL" JW] XLB[ K[ VG[ HM HFT[ H
X{1Fl6S VG]EJM D[/J[ TM T[6[ D[/J[,\] 7FG B}A H V;ZSFZS
CMI K[ Sd%I]8Z äFZF lX1F6 VF5JFGL DGM lJ7FGGF VF l;âF\TMGM
5]Z[5]ZM p5IMU SZL XSFI K[P
v 5]:TSF,I sLibrary f o
XF/F 5]:TSF,IDF\ VF.P 0LP GM B]A H ;FZM p5IMU SZL
XSFI K[P lSIM:S GM p5IMU SZLG[ TM JF\RSMG[ B}A H DNN~5
Y. XSFI K[P 5]:TSF,IDF\ 5]:TSM lJX[GL ;\5}6" DFlCTL H]NF H]NF
JUM"DF\ lJEFHLT SZLG[ Sd%I}8ZDF\ D}SL XSFI K[P H[GL JFRS
H~ZL 5]:TS ;Z/TFYL ;FWL XS[ K[P T[ p5ZF\T U\|Y5F,G[ 56
5]:TSGM ,[J0N[J0 VG[ VFJSHFJSGF lC;FAM ZFBJFDF\ Sd%I}8Z
DNN~5 Y. XS[ K[P .g8ZG[8 äFZF GJF GJF 5]:TSMGL DFlCTL
D[/JG[ 5]:TSF,IG[ JW] ;D]â AGFJJF DF8[ 5]:TSMGL BZLNL 56
SZL XSFI K[P H}GF VG[ V;\bI 5]:TSMGL GS, :S[GZ äFZF ;LWL H
Sd%I}8ZDF\ NFB, SZLG[ VFJF 5]:TSMGF\ 7FG E\0FZG[ ;FRJL XSFI
K[P
57
HM SM. 5]:TS Sd%I}8ZDF\ ;[J SZ[, CMI VG[ XF/FDF\

G[8JS"GL ;]lJWF CMI TM V[S ;FY[ 36F\ lJnFYL"VM H]NF H]NF
Sd%I}8Z 5Z V[S H 5]:TSG\] JF\RG 56 SZL XS[ K[P
v ;\XMWG (Research )o
XF/F v SM,[HDF\ 36F\ lJQFIMDF\ ;\XMWG SFI" S[ 5|IMU 56
SZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P VF SFIM"DF\ 0[8F D[/JJFG\] T[G\] JUL"SZ64
5'YSSZ6 VG[ lJ`,[QF6 SZJFG\] B}A H H~ZL CMI K[ T[ p5ZF\T
RMSS; U6TZL SZLG[ 5lZ6FDM 56 D[/JJF 50[ K[ H[YL SM.
RMSS; TFZ6 5Z VFJL XSFIP VF AWF\ SFIM" SZJFDF\ Sd%I}8Z B}A
H DNN~5 Y. XS[ K[P ;\XMWG S[ 5|IMU NZdIFG D[/J[,L
DFlCTLG[ ;FRJJFDF\ 56 Sd%I}8Z DNN~5 Y. XS[ K[P
v 8I}8MlZI, sTutorialf o
lJnFYL"VMG[ lJX[QF DFU"NX"G VF5JF DF8[ lJlJW ;MO8J[ZGM
Sd%I}8Z äFZF p5IMU SZL XSFI K[P JU"lX1F6 NZlDIFG H[
AFATMG[ VFJZL GF XSF. CMI T[ AFATM 5Z JW] 5|SFX GFBJF
DF8[ lJX[QF TF;DF\ VF.P 8LP GM p5IMU SZL XSFI K[P
v 5ZL1FF ( Examinations )
5ZL1FFDF\ 5|`G5+MGL ZRGF T[G[ KF5JF VG[ ;FRJJF DF8[
Sd%I}8Z B}A p5IMUL K[P lJlXQ8 ;MO8J[ZGM p5IMU SZLG[
58
Sd%I}8Z p5Z H lJnFYL"VMGL 5ZL1FF 56 Y. XSFI K[P H[YL

lJnFYL"VMG[ TFtSFl,S 5ZL6FD 56 VF5L XSFI K[P VGFtD,1FL
5|`GMG\] D]<IF\SG TM Sd%I}8Z äFZF H B}A H ;Z/TFYL SZL XSFI
K[P lJnFYL"VMGF\ 5lZ6FDM AGFJJF VG[ 5lZ6FDM AGFJJF VG[
5lZ6FDMDF\ VFWFZ[ lJnFYL"VMGF VU|TFS|D GSSL SZJFDF\ Sd%I}8Z
B}A H p5IMUL K[P
v XF/F JCLJ8 ( School Administration )o
XF/FGF\ JCLJ8L SFIM"DF\ N:TFJ[HMG\] B}A H DCtJ K[P H]NF
H]NF N:TFJ[HM AGFJJF4 T[DF\ IMuI ;DI H~ZL DFlCTL pD[ZJF
VG[ T[DG[ ;FRJJFDF\ Sd%I}8Z B}A H p5IMUL K[P T[ p5ZF\T
XF/FGF SD"RFZLVM VG[ lJnFYL"VMGL ;\5}6" DFlCTL IMuI ZLT[
Sd%I}8ZDF\ ;FRJL XSFI K[ VG[ T[DF\ JBTMJBT VFJxIS O[ZOFZ
SZL XSFI K[P XF/F ;FY[ ;\S/FI[,L VgI ;\:YFVM VG[ ;ZSFZ
;FY[ 5+jIJCFZ SZJF DF8[ Sd%I}8ZGM DM8F 5FI[ p5IMU SZL
XSFI K[P .vD[., H[JL ;]lJWFGM p5IMU SZLG[ lJlJW ;\:YFVM
;FY[ ;TT ;\5S" HF/JL XSFI K[P XF/FG\] ;DI 5+S T[DH
5UFZAL, AGFJJFDF\ 56 Sd%I}8Z p5IMUL K[P
59
k[Tlik T*>kixri[
some important abbreviation
CPU :- Central Processing Unit
RAM :- Random Access Memory
ROM :- Read Only Memory
BIOS :- basic input output system
CD ROM :- Compact Dist Read Only Memory
ENIAC :- Electronic Numerical Integrator
And Calculator
POP :- Post Office Protocol
POST :- Power On Self Test
DSL :- Digital Subscriber Line
UPS :- Uninterrupted Power Supply
LCD :- Liquid Crystal Display
FDD :- Floppy Disk Drive
CD :- Compact Disk
MS DOS :- Microsoft Disk Operating System
CLI :- Command Line Interface
60
WORM :- Write Once Read Manytime

OS :- Operating System
PC :- Personal Computer
CD-RW :- Compact Disk Re- Writable
MMX :- Multi Media Extension
ISDN :- Integrated Services Digital
Network
MHZ :- Mega Hertz
SMTP :- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
IC :- Integrated Circuit
BIT :- Binary Digit – Bit
DRAM :- Dynamic RAM
KB :- Kilo Bytes(1000bytes)
MILNET :- Military Network
MB :- Mega Bytes
GB :- Giga Bytes
Hdd :- Hard Disk Drive
DPI :- Dot Per Inch
RPM :- Round Per Minute
61
IBM :- International Business Machine

And Calculator
VLSI :- Very Large Scale Integration
MIS :- Management information system
LAN :- Local Ared Network
DMP :- Dot Metric Printer
WAN :- Wide Area Network
ERNET :- Education Research Network
KBPS :- Kilo Bits Per Second
URL :- Uniform Resource Locator
IT :- Information Technology
MAN :- Metropolitical Area Network
BPS :- Bits Per Second
KB :- Kilo Bits
MODEM :- Mdoular – Demodulation
WWW :- World Wide Web
MBPS :- Mega Bits Per Second
62
LOGO :- Logical Oriented Graphics

Oriented
DBMS :- Data Base Management System
FORTRAN :- Formula Translation
HTML :- Hyper Text Markup Language
OLE :- Object Linking And Embedding
GUI :- Graphical User Interface
GB :- Giga Bits
EIAS :- Extended Industrial Standard
Architecture
DBF :- Data Base File
SR :- Speech Recognition
REBMS :- Relational Deta Baise Management
System
CRTD :- Cathode Ray Tube Display
IP :- Internet Protocol
GIF :- Graphics Interface File
MU :- Memory Unit
DNS :- Domain Name System
63
RERAM :- Rambus Dram

MIME :- Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extension
HTTP :- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
FTP :- File Transfer Protocol
MOSM :- Magnetic Optical Storage Medium
DOS :- Disk Operating System
MSM :- Magnetic Storage Medium
Windows – XP :- Windows experience
ALU :- Arithmetic and Logical Unit
ARPA :- Advance Research Project
Agency
NSI :- Network Solution Incorporation
IRC :- Internet Relay Chat
Telnet :- Terminal Imulation Protocol
IANA :- Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority
GIAS :- Gateway Internet Access Service
VSNL :- Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited
64
IETF :- Internet Engineering Task Force

OSM :- Optical Storage MediumO
ASCII :- American Standard Code For
Information Interchange
OCR :- Optical Character Recognition :
OCR
FPM DRAM :- Fast Page Mode Dynamic
Random Access Memory
BCR :- Bar Code Reader
PROM :- Programmable Read Only Memory
CUP :- Control Unit Pro
DVD :- Digital Video Disk / Digital
Versatile Disk
EPROM :- Erasable Programmable Read Only
Memory
DSHD :- Double Side Hidensity
COBOL :- Common Business Oriented Language
CCD :- Change Couple Device – CCD
UPC :- Universal Product Code
65
EAROM :- Electricity Alterable Read Only

Memory
CODEC :- Compression Decompression
MPC :- Micro Processor Chips
ISP :- Internet Service Provider
EBCDIC :- Extended Binary Coded Decimal
Interchange Code
SDRAM :- Synchronous Dynamic Read Only
Memory
USB :- Universal Serial Bus
ISA :- Industrial Standard Architecture
TCP :-Transmission Control Protocol
CU :- Control Unit
tb :- tera bits
TB :- Tera bytes (1000 GB)
mb :- mega bits
EDODRAM :- Extended data Out DRAM
DTP :- Desk Top Publishing
IRTF :- Internet Research Task Force
66
IMAP :- Internet Message Access Protocol

ICANN :- Internet Corporation for Assigned
Name and Numbers
DSSD :- Double Side Single Density
NIC :- Network Information Center
DSDD :- Double Side Double Density
MT :- Multi Tasking
MT :- Multi Threading
DARPANET :- Defence Advance Research
Project Agency Network
NSFNET :- National Science Federation
Network
E-MAIL :- Electronic Mail
TP :- Twisted Pair
DARPANET :- Defence Advance Research Project
Agency Network
BASIC :-Beginners All purpose Symbolic
Information Code
BEDO DRAM :-Burst EDO dram
67
INTERNET :- Inter Connected Network

MICR :- Magnetic Ink Character Reader
MIDI :- Musical Instrument Digital
Interface
Network
PCI :- Peripheral Component Interconnect
PPP :- Point to Point Protocol
SAN :- Satellite Area Network
SLIP :- Serial Line Internet Protocol
SCSI :- Scuz-e
SSDD :- Straight Side Double Dencity
SSSD :- Solid State Storage Medium
VDU :- Visual Display Unit
SRAM :- Static RAM
some important abbreviation
CPU :- Central Processing Unit
68
RAM :- Random Access Memory

ROM :- Read Only Memory
BIOS :- basic input output system
CD ROM :- Compact Dist Read Only Memory
And Calculator
POP :- Post Office Protocol
POST :- Power On Self Test
DSL :- Digital Subscriber Line
UPS :- Uninterrupted Power Supply
LCD :- Liquid Crystal Display
FDD :- Floppy Disk Drive
CD :- Compact Disk
MS DOS :- Microsoft Disk Operating System
CLI :- Command Line Interface
WORM :- Write Once Read Manytime
OS :- Operating System
PC :- Personal Computer
CD-RW :- Compact Disk Re- Writable
69
MMX :- Multi Media Extension

ISDN :- Integrated Services Digital
Network
MHZ :- Mega Hertz
SMTP :- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
IC :- Integrated Circuit
BIT :- Binary Digit – Bit
DRAM :- Dynamic RAM
KB :- Kilo Bytes(1000bytes)
MILNET :- Military Network
MB :- Mega Bytes
GB :- Giga Bytes
Hdd :- Hard Disk Drive
DPI :- Dot Per Inch
RPM :- Round Per Minute
IBM :- International Business Machine
And Calculator
VLSI :- Very Large Scale Integration
70
MIS :- Management information system

LAN :- Local Ared Network
DMP :- Dot Metric Printer
ERNET :- Education Research Network
KBPS :- Kilo Bits Per Second
URL :- Uniform Resource Locator
IT :- Information Technology
MAN :- Metropolitical Area Network
BPS :- Bits Per Second
KB :- Kilo Bits
MODEM :- Mdoular – Demodulation
WWW :- World Wide Web
MBPS :- Mega Bits Per Second
LOGO :- Logical Oriented Graphics
Oriented
DBMS :- Data Base Management System
HTML :- Hyper Text Markup Language
71
OLE :- Object Linking And Embedding

GUI :- Graphical User Interface
GB :- Giga Bits
EIAS :- Extended Industrial Standard
Architecture
DBF :- Data Base File
REBMS :- Relational Deta Baise Management
System
CRTD :- Cathode Ray Tube Display
IP :- Internet Protocol
GIF :- Graphics Interface File
MU :- Memory Unit
DNS :- Domain Name System
RERAM :- Rambus Dram
MIME :- Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extension
HTTP :- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
FTP :- File Transfer Protocol
72
MOSM :- Magnetic Optical Storage Medium

DOS :- Disk Operating System
MSM :- Magnetic Storage Medium
Windows – XP :- Windows experience
ALU :- Arithmetic and Logical Unit
ARPA :- Advance Research Project
Agency
NSI :- Network Solution Incorporation
IRC :- Internet Relay Chat
Telnet :- Terminal Imulation Protocol
IANA :- Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority
GIAS :- Gateway Internet Access Service
VSNL :- Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited
IETF :- Internet Engineering Task Force
OSM :- Optical Storage MediumO
ASCII :- American Standard Code For
Information Interchange
73
OCR :- Optical Character Recognition :

OCR
FPM DRAM :- Fast Page Mode Dynamic
Random Access Memory
BCR :- Bar Code Reader
PROM :- Programmable Read Only Memory
CUP :- Control Unit Pro
DVD :- Digital Video Disk / Digital
Versatile Disk
EPROM :- Erasable Programmable Read Only
Memory
DSHD :- Double Side Hidensity
COBOL :- Common Business Oriented Language
CCD :- Change Couple Device – CCD
UPC :- Universal Product Code
EAROM :- Electricity Alterable Read Only
Memory
CODEC :- Compression Decompression
MPC :- Micro Processor Chips
ISP :- Internet Service Provider
74
EBCDIC :- Extended Binary Coded Decimal

Interchange Code
SDRAM :- Synchronous Dynamic Read Only
Memory
USB :- Universal Serial Bus
ISA :- Industrial Standard Architecture
TCP :-Transmission Control Protocol
CU :- Control Unit
tb :- tera bits
TB :- Tera bytes (1000 GB)
mb :- mega bits
EDODRAM :- Extended data Out DRAM
DTP :- Desk Top Publishing
IRTF :- Internet Research Task Force
IMAP :- Internet Message Access Protocol
ICANN :- Internet Corporation for Assigned
Name and Numbers
DSSD :- Double Side Single Density
NIC :- Network Information Center
75
DSDD :- Double Side Double Density

MT :- Multi Tasking
MT :- Multi Threading
DARPANET:- Defence Advance Research
Project Agency Network
Network
E-MAIL :- Electronic Mail
TP :- Twisted Pair
DARPANET:- Defence Advance Research Project
Agency Network
BASIC :-Beginners All purpose Symbolic
Information Code
BEDO DRAM:-Burst EDO dram
INTERNET :- Inter Connected Network
MICR :- Magnetic Ink Character Reader
MIDI :- Musical Instrument Digital
Interface
76

Network
PCI :- Peripheral Component Interconnect
PPP :- Point to Point Protocol
SAN :- Satellite Area Network
SLIP :- Serial Line Internet Protocol
SCSI :- Scuz-e
SSDD :- Straight Side Double Dencity
SSSD :- Solid State Storage Medium
VDU :- Visual Display Unit
SRAM :- Static RAM
77
multimedia
[muhl-tee-mee-dee-uh, muhl-tahy-]
 Examples
 Word Origin
noun, ( used with a singular verb)
1. the combined use of several media, as sound and full-
motion video in computer applications.
2.
adjective
2. of, relating to, or involving the use of multimedia.
3. having or offering the use of various communications or
promotional media :
a multimedia corporation that owns TV stations and
newspapers.
- (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/multimedia)
78

Multimedia Approach in Education by DR J R Sonwane

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(Multimedia Approach in Education)

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