Marikina Polytechnic College

bachelor OF TECHNICAL TEACHER EDUCATION

 M e a s u r e o f p o s i t i o n / l o c at i o n

A measure of position determines the position of a

single value in relation to other values in a sample or a
population data set.

We commonly refer to these measure of position as

quantiles or fractiles.
 M e a s u r e o f p o s i t i o n / l o c at i o n
Quantiles
It is a score distribution where the scores are
divided into different equal parts.

There are three kinds of quantiles:

Quartile

Decile

Percentile
 quantiles

Quartile A measure of position that divides the

ordered observations/ score distribution into
4 equal parts.
Each of these portions contains 25% of the observations
of a data set arranged in increasing order.

Lowest value Q1 Q2 Q3 Highest value

 quantiles

Decile A measure of position that divides the

ordered observations/ score distribution into
10 equal parts.
Each of these portions contains 10% of the observations
of a data set arranged in increasing order.

LV D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 HV
 quantiles

Percentile A measure of position that divides the

ordered observations/ score distribution into
100 equal parts.
Each of these portions contains 1% of the observations
of a data set arranged in increasing order.

LV HV
P1 P97
P2 P10 P20 P30 P40 P50 P60 P70 P80 P90 P98
P3 P99
 quantiles

Quartile
LV Q1 Q2 Q3 HV

Decile
LV D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 HV

Percentile

LV HV
P1 P97
P2 P10 P20 P30 P40 P50 P60 P70 P80 P90 P98
P3 P99
 Q U A N T I L E O F U N G RO U P E D DATA
QUARTILE DECILE PERCENTILE

th score th score
 k (n  1)  4   k (n  1)  10 
th score
Qk :  Dk :   k (n  1)  100 
  Pk :  
 4   10   100 

 the indicated  the indicated  the indicated

Quartile Decile Percentile
 quartile location  decile location  percentile location
(1,2,3) (1,2,3,..., 9) (1,2,3,..., 98, 99)
 number of data  number of data  number of data
values/ observtion values/ observtion values/ observtion
 Q U A N T I L E O F U N G RO U P E D DATA

Example 1: A classroom teacher gave a quiz to 9 students.

The scores obtained are as follows:
10, 5, 9, 4, 2, 6, 3, 4, 8
Find the following:
3rd Quartile

8th Decile

95th Percentile
 Q U A N T I L E O F U N G RO U P E D DATA
Solution: 10
10, 5,
5 9,
9 4
4, 2
2, 6
6, 3,
3 4,
4 8

3rd Quartile
 Q U A N T I L E O F U N G RO U P E D DATA
Solution: 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10
x(1) x(2) x(3) x(4) x(5) x(6) x(7) x(8) x(9)

8th Decile
 Q U A N T I L E O F U N G RO U P E D DATA
Solution: 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10
x(1) x(2) x(3) x(4) x(5) x(6) x(7) x(8) x(9)

95th Percentile
 Q U A N T I L E O F U N G RO U P E D DATA
Example 2:
Math Score (x) 4 6 10 13 17
Frequency (f) 3 5 6 4 2
<cf 3 8 14 18 20
Calculate the 3rd quartile.
 Q U A N T I L E O F U N G RO U P E D DATA
Exercises:
1. A classroom teacher gave a quiz to 9 students. The scores
obtained are as follows: 8, 10, 10, 5, 8, 5, 10, 11, 4, 9, 15,
19, 7, 14, 7.

2. In a certain shopping mall, restaurant charge P125, P150,

P200, P165, P175, P190, P230 and P180 for a regular
dinner
For 1 and 2, compute the following:
Q2 , Q3 , D4 , D7 , P58 , P91
 Q U A N T I L E O F G RO U P E D DATA
Qk  Quartile
QUARTILE LCBQk  lower class boundary
of the quartile class
 kn  C  class interval
 4  cfQk 1  k  quartile location
Qk  LCBQk C  
 f  n  sample size
 Qk 
cfQk 1  Less than cumulative
frequency before the
quartile class
fQk  frequency of the quartile
class
 Q U A N T I L E O F G RO U P E D DATA

Example 2: The data shown CL f

in frequency are distribution 10-14 5
Scores of 40 students in a 15-19 2
mathematics class consists of 20-24 3
60 items. 25-29 5
30-34 2
Find for the 1st quartile.
35-39 9
40-44 6
45-49 3
50-54 5
n=40
 Q U A N T I L E O F G RO U P E D DATA
Solution: CL LCB f <cf
kn
Step 1: solve for to locate 10-14 5
4
the quartile class. 15-19 2
20-24 3
25-29 5
30-34 2
Starting from the lowest
class limit, locate the first 35-39 9
value in <cf column that is 40-44 6
45-49 3
greater than or equal to kn
4 50-54 5
n=40
 Q U A N T I L E O F G RO U P E D DATA
Solution: CL LCB f <cf
Step 2: Calculate the quartile 10-14 5
using the formula. 15-19 2
20-24 3
25-29 5
30-34 2
35-39 9
40-44 6
45-49 3
50-54 5
n=40
 Q U A N T I L E O F G RO U P E D DATA
Dk  Decile
DECILE LCBDk  lower class boundary
of the decile class
 kn  C  class interval
 10  cfDk 1  k  decile location
Dk  LCBDk  C 
LCB 
 f  n  sample size
 Dk 
cfDk 1  Less than cumulative
frequency before the
decile class
fDk  frequency of the decile
class
 Q U A N T I L E O F G RO U P E D DATA

Example 2: The data shown CL f

in frequency are distribution 10-14 5
Scores of 40 students in a 15-19 2
mathematics class consists of 20-24 3
60 items. 25-29 5
30-34 2
Find for the 5th decile.
35-39 9
40-44 6
45-49 3
50-54 5
n=40
 Q U A N T I L E O F G RO U P E D DATA
Solution: CL LCB f <cf
kn
Step 1: solve for to locate 10-14 5
10
the decile class. 15-19 2
20-24 3
25-29 5
Starting from the lowest 30-34 2
class limit, locate the first 35-39 9
value in <cf column that is 40-44 6
greater than or equal to k n 45-49 3
10 50-54 5
n=40
 Q U A N T I L E O F G RO U P E D DATA
Solution: CL LCB f <cf
Step 2: Calculate the decile 10-14 5
using the formula. 15-19 2
20-24 3
25-29 5
30-34 2
35-39 9
40-44 6
45-49 3
50-54 5
n=40
 Q U A N T I L E O F G RO U P E D DATA
Pk  Percentile
PERCENTILE LCBPk  lower class boundary
of the percentile class
 kn  C  class interval
 100  cfPk 1  k  percentile location
Pk  LCB
LCBPk  C  
 f  n  sample size
 Pk 
cfPk 1  Less than cumulative
frequency before the
percentile class
fPk  frequency of the
percentile class
 Q U A N T I L E O F G RO U P E D DATA

Example 2: The data shown CL f

in frequency are distribution 10-14 5
Scores of 40 students in a 15-19 2
mathematics class consists of 20-24 3
60 items. 25-29 5
30-34 2
Find for the 85th percentile.
35-39 9
40-44 6
45-49 3
50-54 5
n=40
 Q U A N T I L E O F G RO U P E D DATA
Solution: CL LCB f <cf
kn
Step 1: solve for to locate 10-14 5
100
the percentile class. 15-19 2
20-24 3
25-29 5
Starting from the lowest 30-34 2
class limit, locate the first 35-39 9
value in <cf column that is 40-44 6
greater than or equal to kn 45-49 3
100 50-54 5
n=40
 Q U A N T I L E O F G RO U P E D DATA
Solution: CL LCB f <cf
Step 2: Calculate the percentile 10-14 5
using the formula. 15-19 2
20-24 3
25-29 5
30-34 2
35-39 9
40-44 6
45-49 3
50-54 5
n=40
 Q U A N T I L E O F U N G RO U P E D DATA
Exercises:
Below is the distribution of scores of 32 students in fifty-item
midterm examination in Statistics. Find the 1st quartile, 3rd
quartile, 8th decile, 4th decile, 65th percentile and 79th
percentile scores.
Scores f
1–7 1
8 – 14 4
15 – 21 6
22 – 28 14
29 – 35 2
36 – 42 5
Total 32